BLR’s Safety Training Presentations Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1910.132-139

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information: • OSHA’s Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Standard can be found at 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I (1910.132 to 1910.139). • Personal Protective Equipment – General Requirements (29 CFR 1910.132) • Eye and Face Protection (29 CFR 1910.133) • Respiratory Protection (29 CFR 1910.134) • Head Protection (29 CFR 1910.135) • Occupational Foot Protection (29 CFR 1910.136) • Electrical Protective Devices (29 CFR 1910.137) • Hand Protection (29 CFR 1910.138) • Respiratory Protection for M. Tuberculosis (29 CFR 1910.139) • Note that the OSHA standard for Electrical Protective Devices (29 CFR 1910.137) is intended for “qualified” electrical workers that are trained to work safely on energized electrical equipment. The PPE requirements for these workers is beyond the scope of this training session. • Note that the OSHA standard for Respiratory Protection for M. Tuberculosis (29 CFR 1910.139) is intended for workers in the medical field and is also beyond the scope of this training session. Speaker’s Notes: • OSHA has a set of PPE Standards that include: Eye and Face Protection, Respiratory Protection, Head Protection, Foot Protection, and Hand Protection. These regulations have a number of requirements that include: • Evaluating the workplace for PPE hazards • Selecting the appropriate PPE for each hazard • Employee use and maintenance of PPE • Training requirements 1

Goals  Hazard Assessment  PPE Selection, Wear, and Care  Quiz

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• We will start this training session by discussing how to conduct a PPE hazard assessment, which involves evaluating the workplace and job functions for any potential hazards that can be controlled through the use of PPE.

• Then we will discuss how to select the proper PPE to protect against the hazards that were found during the hazard assessment. Once the proper PPE is selected, workers need to understand how to wear and care for the PPE.

• Finally, we will wrap up this session with a short quiz.

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Hazard Assessment  Evaluate every job function in every department  Determine if hazards are present  Check for hazards to eyes, respiratory system, head, feet, hands  Determine what PPE will protect against hazards 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• Develop a simple checklist that includes the items listed on the following slides for each part of the body. Use the checklist to evaluate each job to determine if potential hazards are present. Speaker’s Notes:

• Evaluate every job function in every department for potential hazards. • The purpose of a hazard assessment is to evaluate the workplace and job functions to see if employees are exposed, or potentially exposed, to hazards that might cause injury. A simple checklist can be used to determine if hazards are present.

• The checklist will cover hazards to the eyes, respiratory system, head, feet, and hands. • Next, determine what type of PPE will protect against the specific hazards found. For example, determine if safety glasses are adequate or whether the worker will need goggles.

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Eye and Face Assessment     

Flying particles Molten metal Liquid chemicals Acid or caustic liquids Chemical gases or vapors  Potentially injurious light radiation 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• OSHA requires the eye and face hazard assessment, at a minimum, to look for the hazards listed on the slide. This list is not all-inclusive. There may be other eye and face hazards that are specific to your workplace. Speaker’s Notes:

• Evaluate the workplace to determine if employees are exposed to flying particles such as dusts from grinding, metal chips from machine shop equipment, wood chips from a cabinet shop, etc. Flying particles cause the majority of eye-related injuries.

• Determine if your employees are exposed to any molten metal that might splash up and damage the eyes or burn the face.

• Liquid chemicals are also a very common eye and face hazard. Aerosol cans, cleaning solutions, solvents for cleaning metal parts, and spray adhesives or paints are all examples of liquid chemicals that might be sprayed or splashed on a worker’s face or eyes.

• Acid and caustic liquids are especially dangerous because of the extreme damage they can do to the eyes and face. Acids are often used for etching metals, and caustic liquids are used in a number of cleaning processes. Battery acid from electric forklifts is another common eye hazard.

• Chemical gases and vapors can also damage the eyes. Propane, used to power many forklifts, is very cold and could cause severe eye damage. Vapors or gases can cause eye redness or irritation.

• Potentially injurious light radiation refers to the bright light during welding and cutting operations as well as laser operations. Eyes can be severely damaged when an employee looks directly into welding or laser operations.

• These are the primary types and causes of eye and face injuries. Can you think of any other potential eye and face hazards, specific to your workplace, that are not listed on this slide?

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Respiratory Protection Hazard Assessment Assess for:  Inhalation of airborne dusts or particulates  Inhalation of chemical vapors or fumes  Lack of adequate oxygen  Hazardous substances and exposures

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• OSHA requires the respiratory protection hazard assessment, at a minimum, to look for the hazards listed on the slide. This list is not all-inclusive. There may be other respiratory protection hazards that are specific to your workplace.

• Note that OSHA’s Respiratory Standard has many requirements that are beyond the scope of this training. However, the standard does require the employer to assess the workplace for hazards. Speaker’s Notes:

• Evaluate the workplace for the inhalation of airborne dusts or particulates. These dusts might be from grinding, cutting, sanding, or welding operations. Other dusts are from grains, wood chips, or other solid granular materials.

• Chemical vapors or fumes can come from any type of chemical handling operations. Using solvents, spraying with aerosol cans, painting operations, bulk loading or unloading of chemicals, and handling drums of chemicals are just a few examples of jobs that could result in inhalation of chemical vapors or fumes.

• Lack of oxygen typically refers to jobs that require confined space entry in which there may not be sufficient oxygen for a worker to enter without respiratory protection.

• Once the assessment has identified the potential for exposure to dusts, chemical vapors, or a lack of oxygen, it must go deeper and include:

– Identification of the hazardous substance(s) that may be the source of the respiratory hazard(s) • Review of work processes to determine where hazardous exposures occur as well as the magnitude of the exposure(s).

• Exposure monitoring to measure potential hazardous exposures. • These are the primary types and causes of respiratory injuries. Can you think of any other potential respiratory hazards, specific to your workplace, that are not listed on this slide? 5

Head Hazard Assessment  Falling objects  Exposed electrical conductors  Low-hanging obstructions

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• OSHA requires the head hazard assessment, at a minimum, to look for the hazards listed on the slide. This list is not all-inclusive. There may be other head hazards that are specific to your workplace. Speaker’s Notes:

• Determine if the job exposes workers to objects that could potentially fall from above. If employees work in an area where other workers are above them on catwalks or mezzanines, there is potential for falling objects.

• If employees are potentially exposed to electrical conductors, they need to protect their heads with appropriate hard hats.

• Low-hanging obstructions present another head hazard—as when an employee needs to walk or crawl under equipment for cleaning or maintenance.

• These are the primary causes of head injuries. Can you think of any other potential head hazards, specific to your workplace, that are not listed on this slide?

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Foot Hazard Assessment       

Falling or rolling objects Objects piercing the sole Exposure to electrical hazards Slippery walking surfaces Wet or muddy conditions Hazardous chemicals Cold weather conditions 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• OSHA requires the foot hazard assessment, at a minimum, to look for the hazards listed on this slide. This list is not all-inclusive. There may be other foot hazards that are specific to your workplace. Speaker’s Notes:

• Employees who handle heavy metal parts or tools might accidentally drop a heavy object on their foot. Some workplaces expose employees to heavy rolling objects such as large rolls of paper, forklift tires, etc. Both falling objects and rolling objects could crush a worker’s foot.

• Some workplaces expose workers to objects that might pierce the sole of their shoe and foot. Objects might include metal chips or nails in boards. These workers need to wear shoes that are puncture resistant.

• Slippery walking surfaces may result in an employee falling and being injured. Although the injury is not likely to occur to the foot itself, it is still considered a foot hazard because better footwear could prevent that type of incident.

• Feet need to be protected from wet and muddy conditions. • Employees who work with hazardous chemicals may be subject to splashing or other events that could result in hazardous chemicals contacting the feet.

• Employees who are working in cold weather conditions need to protect their feet from the obvious hazard of frostbite.

• These are the primary types and causes of foot injuries. Can you think of any other potential foot hazards, specific to your workplace, that are not listed on this slide?

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Hand Hazard Assessment  Skin absorption of harmful substances  Severe cuts or lacerations  Severe abrasions  Punctures  Chemical burns  Thermal burns 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• OSHA requires the hand hazard assessment, at a minimum, to look for the hazards listed on this slide. This list is not all-inclusive. There may be other hand hazards that are specific to your company. Speaker’s Notes:

• Evaluate the workplace to determine if employees’ hands are exposed to harmful substances that might be absorbed through or damage the skin. Harmful substances might include liquid and solid chemicals such as solvents, oils, fertilizers, paints, and cleaners.

• Machines or equipment could cause severe cuts or lacerations. These machines should have appropriate guarding to protect against cuts or lacerations. However, employees still need to be made aware of the hazards of this equipment to their hands. Cutting equipment such as saws or drills can cause severe injury if a hand is placed in the point of operation. Hand tools such as box knives can also cause cuts. Straps or wires used in packaging boxes can cause lacerations if handled improperly.

• Abrasions include mild skin scrapes, severe skin scrapes, tearing of the skin, and removal of the skin (called degloving). Sanders, grinders, conveyor belts, rotating shafts (cams, flywheels), scrap metal, or broken glass can cause severe abrasions or cuts if the equipment is not guarded or if items are handled with unprotected hands.

• Punctures can be caused by many tools or machines. Drills, nail guns, and screwdrivers are examples of tools that can cause punctures. Even metal and wood slivers can cause deep punctures and infection. Be sure to wear protective gloves when handling wood or metal.

• Chemical burns can be caused by handling acids, caustics, and many cleaning chemicals. The severity of the burn depends on the concentration of the corrosive chemical.

• Thermal burns can result from welding, cutting, and brazing operations. Steam equipment, such as boilers, have many hot tanks and pipes that could cause burns. Some industries use ovens for baking, drying, or annealing, and these are obviously burn hazards.

• These are the primary types and causes of hand injuries. Can you think of any other potential hand hazards, specific to your workplace, that are not listed on this slide? Other hazards might include repetitive motion, exposure to vibration, etc.

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Assessment Certification     

Identifies the workplace that was evaluated Identifies person certifying evaluation Identifies date of hazard assessment Indicates PPE selected for hazard Requires employees to wear PPE

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• OSHA requires a certification proving that the PPE hazard assessment has been completed for the workplace.

• The certification must identify the workplace, department, area, or job function that was evaluated.

• The certification must identify the person, or persons, who conducted and certified the hazard assessment.

• The certification should indicate the date that the assessment was completed. • The certification should also indicate the type of PPE that was selected to protect against the hazards identified during the assessment.

• Finally, management must commit to requiring employees to wear PPE that was selected to protect against the hazards identified during the assessment.

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General Work Clothing  Hot or cold materials or objects  Chemicals  Welding hazards  Heavy, sharp, or rough materials  Moving machinery

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• OSHA does not have specific hazard assessment criteria for hazards to the body, arms, legs, etc. However, the items on this slide will help evaluate jobs for potential hazards so employers can properly select the type of clothing that employees can and cannot wear to work. Speaker’s Notes:

• Employees who work around hot or cold materials or objects are subject to skin damage. Employees who work around steam lines or in refrigerated environments may need protective equipment or clothing.

• Employees who work with chemicals may need to wear protective clothing in addition to protective gloves, boots, and eyewear.

• Welders often need to wear fire resistant clothing to prevent being burned by the sparks created by welding.

• Employees who work with heavy, sharp, or rough materials or objects are subject to cuts or abrasions on the body, arms, or legs.

• Workers around moving machinery may get loose clothing caught up in the machinery and therefore need to avoid wearing loose clothing.

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Goals  Hazard Assessment  PPE Selection, Wear, and Care  Quiz

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• Are there any questions about conducting a PPE hazard assessment? • Let’s discuss how to select the proper PPE to protect against the hazards that were found during the hazard assessment. Let’s discuss how to wear and care for the PPE.

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Employee Training  When PPE is necessary  What PPE is necessary  How to put on, remove, adjust, and wear PPE  Limitations of PPE  Care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of PPE 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• Each employee required to wear PPE must be trained. Employees are required to demonstrate an understanding of the training and the ability to use PPE properly before starting the job requiring the PPE. Employees must know when PPE is necessary to protect against the hazards of their job.

• Employees must be able to determine what type of PPE will protect against the hazards of their job. For example, employees must know that regular sunglasses are not intended for welding or that leather work gloves will not protect against acid chemicals.

• Employees must know how to properly put on, remove, and wear the PPE that has been selected. The PPE will not protect properly if it is not worn correctly.

• PPE has limitations. Employees must know that a chemical glove will not protect against all chemicals or that bump caps will not protect against falling objects.

• Employees must also understand how to care for their PPE, how to inspect it for damage, and when PPE should be discarded because it no longer functions correctly.

• Additional training or retraining must occur when: – Changes in the workplace render the previous PPE obsolete – Changes in the types of PPE render previous training obsolete – Employee fails to correctly wear, care, and maintain PPE • The employer is required to maintain training documentation, which certifies that each affected employee has received and understood the required training. This training documentation will contain the name of the employee trained, dates of training, and the subject of the training. 12

Selecting Eye and Face Protection  Safety glasses  Goggles  Face shield  Shaded filter lenses  Prescription eyewear  Z87

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• When discussing the selection of eye and face protection, bring examples of the different types that have been selected for each hazard identified in your company’s hazard assessment.

• If possible, have your safety supply vendor let you borrow a variety of different types of eye and face protection for demonstration and so employees can pick out the protection that works best for them. Speaker’s Notes:

• Safety glasses with side protection are designed to protect against flying objects such as metal or wood chips. • Goggles are designed to protect the eyes from floating dusts, liquid materials, and chemical gases and vapors. Goggles intended for dusts may have a foam lining to make them more comfortable to wear and still keep dusts out. Goggles intended for liquid chemicals need to have a chemical-resistant seal to the worker’s face.

• Face shields are designed to protect workers from chemicals splashes, hot slag, flying debris, and molten metals. Make sure the face shield selected is appropriate for the hazard. A face shield intended to protect against flying particles such as metal chips may not be able to handle the extreme temperatures when working with molten metals.

• Face shields are often worn as additional protection over goggles or safety glasses. They should not be worn as the primary eye protection.

• Shaded filter lenses are worn to protect workers exposed to potentially injurious light radiation such as from welding operations or when working around certain laser equipment. Workers exposed to this hazard need filter lenses that have a shade number appropriate for the hazard.

• Workers should be discouraged from wearing contact lenses when exposed to hazards such as dust, chemicals, and high temperatures. Consider purchasing prescription safety glasses. Normal prescription glasses are not designed to protect against flying objects such as metal chips and may even be damaged or shattered.

• All eye and face protection approved for use in the workplace will be marked “Z87,” which means that it is designed according to ANSI Z87.1-1989. 13

Wear and Care of Eye Protection  Fits comfortably  Does not distort or block vision  Put on before exposure to the hazard  Clean with soap and water  Dispose of when scratched or damaged

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• Eye and face protection should fit comfortably. Eyewear should not pinch your nose or put pressure on your head. If it is not comfortable, employees are less likely to wear it.

• Eyewear should not distort or block your vision. If employees are experiencing dizziness or headaches from wearing eye protection, try another style or brand of eye protection.

• Putting on, removing, and wearing eye protection is basic common sense. Just remember to put it on before exposure to the hazard. This seems like an obvious statement, but many eye injuries occur each year because the worker forgot to put on the eye protection before starting the task that put them at risk.

• If exposed to dust or liquid chemicals when wearing goggles, be sure to clean the top rim of the goggles before removing them so that any accumulations of dust or chemicals do not drip or fall into your eyes when the goggles are removed.

• Keep eye and face protection clean so your vision is not blurred or blocked. Soap and water is the most common way to clean eye and face protection. Special cleaning products can be purchased that contain antifog chemicals.

• Dispose of eye and face protection when they become scratched and distort your vision or become otherwise damaged so they do not fit correctly or adequately protect against the hazard.

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Selecting Respiratory Protection  Filtering facepiece  Air purifying respirator  Different types of cartridges  Air-supplied respirator  Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)  NIOSH approved

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• Bring examples of the different types of respiratory protection that have been selected for each of the hazards identified in your company’s hazard assessment.

• Borrow a variety of different types of respiratory protection from your supplier for demonstration so employees can pick out the equipment that works best for them.

• Your company should have a written Respiratory Protection Program if employees are required to wear, or voluntarily wear, any type of respirator. Speaker’s Notes:

• A filtering facepiece, commonly called a dust mask, is worn when employees are exposed to dusts. Employees exposed to low levels of dust may voluntarily wear a dust mask. Employees exposed to high levels of dust that exceed permissible exposure limits (PEL) must wear a filtering facepiece.

• Both full-face and half-face air-purifying respirators utilize a cartridge or filter to purify the air breathed by workers, and provide protection from chemical vapors or fumes. Air-purifying respirators must be worn by employees when monitoring shows that the PEL has been exceeded. Employees exposed below the PEL may voluntarily wear a respirator.

• Air-purifying respirators use a number of different types of cartridges. One cartridge will not filter out all types of chemical contaminants, so it is important to select the appropriate cartridge for the contaminant. In addition, employers need to determine how long it may take for the chemical to “break through” the cartridge and therefore determine how often cartridges must be changed.

• Air-supplied respirators are used for exposures to high concentrations of chemicals or in atmospheres that do not have adequate oxygen.

• SCBAs are used in conditions that are considered immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), such as an emergency response to chemical spills.

• All respirators and filtering facepieces used in the workplace must be certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 15

Wear and Care of Respiratory Protection  Medical approval  Fit test  Inspection before each use  Seal check  Cleaned regularly  Stored properly

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• Workers who wear respirators must be medically approved. Your company’s Respiratory Protection Program should have more details concerning medical approval.

• Workers who wear respirators must be fit tested annually. Fit testing involves the use of smoke or saccharin to see if the respirator seals to the worker’s face properly.

• Employees must inspect the respirator before each use and look at things such as the seal, head straps, valves, and cartridges for signs of cracking, wear, or other damage. Any damaged parts should be discarded and replaced.

• Each time a worker puts on a respirator, a seal check should be conducted to make sure the respirator seals to their face properly. The positive seal check involves exhaling while blocking the exhalation valve to see if air escapes from the face seal of the respirator. The negative seal check involves covering the inhalation valves while inhaling. The respirator should stay caved in. If it doesn’t, the seal leaks.

• Respirators must be cleaned regularly. Daily cleaning might involve using an alcohol wipe. A thorough cleaning involves taking the respirator apart and cleaning it in soap and water and allowing the parts to air dry.

• Respirators must be stored properly to protect them from dust and other contaminants. Put the respirator in a sealed plastic bag and store it so that the natural shape is retained.

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Selecting Head Protection  Protective hard hats  Electrical insulation hard hats  Bump caps  Z89

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• When discussing the selection of head protection, bring examples of the different types of head protection that have been selected for each of the hazards identified in your company’s hazard assessment.

• If possible, have your safety supply vendor let you borrow a variety of different types of head protection for demonstration so employees can pick out the equipment that works best for them and meets the requirements of their jobs. Speaker’s Notes:

• Hard hats are commonly made of high-density polyethylene so they are lightweight and yet strong enough to protect from the impact and penetration of falling objects.

• Some hard hats are specifically designed to reduce electrical shock and will protect against electrical hazards such as power lines. Do not assume that your hard hat will protect against electrical hazard just because it is made of nonconducting materials.

• Bump caps are intended to protect from injury against low-hanging objects, such as pipes, steel structures, or machinery components. Bump caps are not intended to protect against falling objects or electrical hazards.

• Hard hats used in the workplace must be designed according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997 standard. Protective helmets will be marked with “Z89” to show that they meet these standards.

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Wear and Care of Head Protection  Fit comfortably  Inspection before each use  Cleaned regularly  Used only to protect the head

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• Head protection should fit comfortably. There are many different types of suspension systems for hard hats. Employees should be trained how to adjust the suspension so it fits properly.

• Inspect hard hats before every use. Check for cracks or any other signs of damage that could reduce the integrity of the hard hat. Inspect the suspension system for cracks, worn straps, or any other damage. Make sure the suspension system is installed properly in the hard hat and not put on backwards.

• Clean regularly with soap and water. • Use hard hats for their intended purpose—to protect your head. Using hard hats as a seat, step stool, etc., may reduce their integrity so they do not adequately protect your head if you are struck by a falling object.

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Selecting Foot Protection  Steel toes  Metatarsal protection  Puncture or slipresistant soles  Chemical resistance  Waterproof boots  Cold weather foot wear 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• When discussing the selection of foot protection, bring examples of the different types of foot protection that have been selected for each of the hazards identified in your company’s hazard assessment.

• If possible, borrow a variety of foot protection from your safety vendor for demonstration and so employees can pick out the foot protection that works best for them. Speaker’s Notes:

• Steel-toed work boots or shoes will protect against hazards such as falling or rolling objects that might otherwise crush a worker’s toes.

• The upper part of the foot, the metatarsal, may also require protection from falling or rolling objects. Boots may be purchased with metatarsal protection. Strap-on foot guards made of aluminum or high-density plastic are also available.

• Footwear should also have good support to help protect the ankle from rolling objects. Some footwear will have steel in the heel and along the ankle to protect the ankle from being twisted or otherwise damaged.

• Footwear can also be purchased with puncture-resistant soles for employees exposed to puncture hazards. • Workers should wear shoes or boots that have slip-resistant soles when the workplace has wet or slippery floors. Consider the material that is causing the floor to be slippery. Water will require a different type of sole than a surface that is covered with an oily product.

• Workers exposed to liquid chemicals, acids, or caustics that could splash onto their feet will need appropriate chemical-resistant boots. Check with the boot manufacturer for chemical-resistance information.

• Workers in wet or muddy conditions should have rain boots made of PVC or rubber to keep their feet dry. • Employees who work outside in winter or in refrigerated environments should have footwear with special liners that insulate against the cold.

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Wear and Care of Foot Protection  Should be comfortable  Inspected before each use  No cracks or holes in chemical or waterproof boots  Soles checked for excessive wear  Kept clean

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• • • •

Just like everyday shoes, work footwear must be comfortable. Inspect your footwear before each use. Chemical-resistant and waterproof footwear should be checked for holes or cracks. Soles, especially slip-resistant or puncture-resistant soles, should be checked daily for excessive wear.

• Keep your work footwear clean and dry. Spray off mud, dirt, or chemicals after each use to keep the footwear in good condition.

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Selecting Hand Protection  Chemicalresistant gloves  Kevlar, metal mesh, cut-resistant gloves  Leather work gloves  Extreme temperature gloves  Electrical work gloves 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information: • Bring examples of the different types of hand protection that have been selected for each of the hazards identified in your company’s hazard assessment. • Borrow a variety of different types of hand protection for demonstration from your safety supplier so employees can pick out the hand protection that works best for them and best meets the requirements of their jobs. Speaker’s Notes: • Selecting the appropriate chemical-resistant glove may be difficult because you must ensure that it will protect against the chemical being used. Gloves can be made of rubber, latex, viton, butyl, nitrile, neoprene, or PVC and are graded by the manufacturer for degradation, breakthrough time, and permeation rate. Manufacturers should provide a chemical-resistance chart. Chemical-resistant gloves should also be evaluated for resistance to abrasions, cuts, punctures, and flexibility, and should be the appropriate length. For example, workers dipping hands and arms into chemicals will require long gloves. • Employees working with saws, using knives, or handling glass should wear cut- or puncture-resistant gloves. When working with sharp blades, steel mesh gloves are effective. Some gloves have steel wires, staples, or small plates woven into the material. Materials such as Kevlar provide good cut resistance. Cut-resistant sleeves are also available to protect arms and shoulders. • The most common gloves used to protect hands from cuts and scrapes are typically made of leather or canvas and can also be coated with materials that improve grip. • Employees potentially exposed to burns should wear gloves made of terry cloth, leather, or pigskin. Welders may also need sleeves or other clothing to protect from burns. Employees working with ovens or other hot equipment need thermal mittens designed to protect against the maximum temperatures they will be exposed to. Workers in foundries or steel mills need aluminized gloves. • Workers exposed to cold conditions need gloves with liners. Consider other features such as grip or cut resistance.

• Electricians need lineman’s gloves designed for different levels of voltage. High-voltage gloves are black rubber with a red interior so any cuts or damage to the outside layer can be easily seen. Liners are also worn under the gloves to absorb perspiration. 21

Wear and Care of Hand Protection  Comfortable fit  Inspect gloves before each use  Keep clean and dry  Discard if damaged or contaminated

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• Hand protection should fit comfortably and should not be so tight that it limits hand movement or so loose that it presents a hazard of being snagged or reducing the worker’s dexterity.

• Inspect your gloves before each use. Check chemical gloves for cracks, holes, cuts, or other signs of damage. Cut-resistant gloves should be checked for cuts or wear. Check normal work gloves for unusual wear or other damage. Electrician’s gloves should be checked for any cuts or scrapes. Aluminized heat-resistant gloves should be checked for abrasions to the outside surface and damage to inner linings.

• Keep gloves clean and dry. Decontaminate chemical-resistant gloves after every use. • Discard gloves if they are damaged or contaminated.

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Selecting General Work Clothing  Long-sleeve shirts and long pants  Flame-retardant clothing  No loose clothing or jewelry  Chemical-resistant clothing

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Background Information:

• Clarify what clothing is and is not required to protect workers against the specific hazards in your workplace. Speaker’s Notes:

• Long-sleeve shirts and long pants will protect against skin damage from contact with hot or cold objects. Workers in cold environments will also need to wear coats and pants that are made for cold weather conditions. Long-sleeve shirts and long pants will also protect against sharp or rough materials, such as wood or metal, that could cause cuts or abrasions.

• Flame-retardant clothing should be worn by welders and grinders exposed to hot sparks.

• Loose clothing and jewelry are prohibited for workers exposed to moving machinery because the machinery might grab loose sleeves, ties, lapels, cuffs, watches, bracelets, or rings and pull workers into machines.

• Workers using chemicals need the appropriate type of chemical-resistant clothing that protects against the specific chemicals they work with.

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Goals  Hazard Assessment  PPE Selection, Wear, and Care  Quiz

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

Speaker’s Notes:

• Are there any questions about selecting the proper PPE to protect against the hazards that were identified during the hazard assessment? Are there questions about how to wear and care for the PPE?

• Let’s wrap up this session with a short quiz.

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Summary  Develop a PPE hazard assessment checklist  Conduct and certify the assessment for each job  Select the appropriate PPE for the hazard(s) identified  Train employees how to wear and care for the PPE

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

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Quiz 1. Name one of the eye and face hazards that OSHA wants employers to look for. 2. What type of footwear should be worn to protect against the hazard of falling objects? 3. What should you always do before putting on a respirator? 4. When is it time to dispose of eye and face protection? 5. Employees need to be trained on the limitations of their PPE. True or False

11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

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Quiz (cont.) 6. Name one of the hand hazards that OSHA wants employers to look for. 7. What type of eyewear should be selected to protect against a dusty environment? 8. Name a type of glove that can protect against cuts or lacerations. 9. Employees are more likely to wear PPE that is comfortable. True or False 10. Eye protection that is approved for use in the workplace will be marked with what code? 11006132/0206 Copyright © 2002 Business & Legal Reports, Inc.

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Quiz Answers 1. Flying particles, molten metal, chemical liquids or gases, light radiation 2. Shoes with steel toes and metatarsal protection 3. Inspect the respirator before each use 4. Scratched or damaged so they don’t fit properly 5. True

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Quiz Answers (cont.) 6. Skin absorption of harmful substance, cuts, abrasions, punctures, chemical or thermal burns 7. Goggles designed for dust 8. Kevlar or metal-mesh gloves 9. True 10. Z87

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