Overview Solar PV Energy may achieve grid parity before 2015 – Prices of the modules have plummeted from $3.50/watt in 2008 to $1.43/watt today (GTM Research) – Fuel prices are consistently increasing since 2008 – Solar Electric Energy demand has grown by an average 30% per annum to 40GW over the past 20 years against a backdrop of rapidly declining costs and prices. New Safety regulations – Arc detection become mandatory in USA (2011) - Regulation NEC 690.11 Arc-Fault Circuit Protection requires any PV system with DC circuit operating at 80V or greater need to be protected by Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter – Firefighter Association in Germany: Requires active control switch for fire-fighter to shut-off solar panels in case of fire Green Energy Benefits & Awareness – Struggling with a continuing nuclear crisis and strains on its power supplies, Japan is thinking of requiring that all new buildings, including homes, come equipped with rooftop solar panels by 2030, according to a recent Nikkei newspaper report.
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Types of Solar Systems DC-off grid
residential
utility
off-line
domestic
commercial
power plant
MW
off-grid
grid connected @ demand side
w/ battery
w/ and w/o battery
supply side
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Factors driving electronics in Solar Panels Maintenance – Isolating faulty panels for early replacement
System Performance Monitoring – Accurate view of energy production – Monitor effect of environmental conditions in power generation – Theft protection (digitally lock, alarm or „immobilize‟ stolen modules)
NXP Solar Panel Controller and Active Fire Safety Switch Reference Design
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) – Arc Detection Communication
Voltage Level Translators I2C Bus Buffers
Microcontroller
UARTs & Protocol Bridges Proprietary RF/IF System
I2C GPIOs
Power Line Modem Temp sensor
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Solar Inverter / Charge Controller Block Diagram LED Status indicator
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) – Arc Detection Communication Ethernet
Voltage Level Translators Microcontroller
I2C Bus Buffers
UARTs & Bridges Proprietary RF/IF System
I2C GPIOs
Power Line Modem Energy Meter
LCD Monitor
Real Time Clock
Temp sensor
Power Metering
To Grid / Home Network
INVERTER
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Power Line Modem
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TDA5051A Power Line Modem Features: Low cost solution and easy assembly with SO16 plastic package ASK Power Line Modem operating up to 1200 bps 5V supply voltage Carrier frequency set by clock from micro controller or on-chip oscillator Automatic gain control of receiver input & power overload protection transmitter output 8-bit A/D and narrow digital filtering Easy compliance with EN50065-1 with simple power line coupling networks
Benefits: Low cost digital PL modem solution NXP software support Robust solution with zero cross detection and redundancy protocol
In Production 9
UARTs & Bridges
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I2C/SPI/UART Protocol Bridges Value Proposition Where Used? New generation of interface solutions for managing communication among various bus interfaces The purpose is to overcome the limitations of the host bus interface to the peripherals
UART
I2C I2C
SPI IrDA
SPI Why Used?
UART
GPIO
Greater design flexibility Ability to retain original design investment Faster time to market Link legacy and new systems and vice versa
Why NXP Bridges? Wide portfolio of I2C/SPI/UART Bridges to choose from.
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SC16IS75x/76x : I²C/SPI to UART Bridge Microcontroller
NXP SC16IS752 Bridge IC UART / IrDA
I2C / SPI Master
Minimal connection
I2C / SPI Slave
Speed up to 5Mbps
Bluetooth Module
Bluetooth Laptop
CH A
UART / IrDA CH B
GPIO
Enhance your connectivity to fully-featured serial interfaces: without the hassle!
Remote Control LED
Advantages: -2.5V or 3.3V Operation -64-byte FIFO -Baud rate up to 5Mbps -Auto HW and SW flow controls -Built-in IrDA SIR -Up to 8 programmable GPIO -And more
In Production 12
SC18IS600: SPI-to-I2C
Host / CPU SPI Master
SPI Bus
I2C Slave Devices
SC18IS600 SPI Slave
I2C EEPROM (PCF85116)
I2C Master
I2C LED Dimmer (PCA9531)
5 GPIOs
I2C GPIO (PCA9554A)
Peripherals
Host / CPU I2C Master
LEDs, Swicthes
I2C Bus
In Production 13
UART’s Value Proposition Why used? – Transmits and receives data transfer between processor and communication channel – Checks communication error and relieves processor from the task of managing communication errors
Where used? – Communication channels in patient monitoring equipment
Why NXP UARTs? – Established committed long-term supplier – Broad portfolio in the industry – Number #1 supplier for Industrial UARTs CPU Transmitting
CPU Receiving 1
1 Interrupt
Serial (RS-232)
Full 3
Empty
FIFO
Cntr
Transmitter Shift Reg
Transmit UART
Parallel Full
Cntr 2
t x
r x
2
FIFO Receiver Shift Reg
Interrupt
4
Empty
Receive UART
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UARTs – Quick-Pick UARTs Single Channel
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Block Diagram – Solar Ref Design – Details(4) Son
ChargePump
Note: DC/DC is part of gate driver IC. i.e. integrated together with gate driver in a single device LDO’s are not low drop, they are linear regulators made with discretes (low cost)
+5V +3V3
LPC1114 Reset
Safety switch powerdown clock
Driver
LDO
Delta2 IC
DC/DC
Gatesupply
Soff
TDA5051
Solar Voltage Temp
Solar panel
Delta2 IC
Charge clock +8V
LM75
IIC
RS232
Self Powered Modules •High Efficiency DC/DC Step down •LDO’s for local regulation •Advanced Power Down Capable
ASK signal
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3.3V Voltage regulator – PVR100-series Combines general purpose transistor and Zener diode 100 mA output current – 5 output voltages 2 packages with different Ptot capability One external resistor sets the Zener current
Block Diagram – Solar Ref Design – Details(5) Son ChargePump Charge clock Gatesupply +5V LDO
+3V3
Note: N-CH powerMOS possible due to HV signal generated to control NCH fet (basically a few discrtetes). Can also use 1 N-CH and one PCH mosfet.
Delta2 IC
Reset
Safety switch powerdown
clock
Soff
TDA5051
Solar Voltage Temp
Solar panel
LPC1114
Driver
DC/DC
Delta2 IC
+8V
LM75
IIC
RS232
Advanced Two Switch Safety ASK signal •N-Channel Power MOSFET only •Eliminate risk of High voltages on the roof •Maintain Local Panel Voltage in safety mode •Keep module alive 73
Solar Controller GUI Monitoring temperature and output voltage
For Normal mode -- switch the Connect button, LED is on
For Safety mode -- switch the Short-circuit button, LED is off
Settings to reduce power consumption by setting the modem turn-on intervals between communication and panel discovery
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Application Software - Features – At the beginning: • the master does not know which slaves are connected. • At random interval (based on identification code of MCO) the slaves will broadcast a message and the master will recognize it and add the panel identification to the list of panels to be interrogated
– Normal operation • Master interrogate each individual panel in his list • Once the slave receive a poll messages addressed to himself, it will respond by sending the data back to the master (V, T, …) • If the master do not receive data back in xxs, it will try again and after xxs an error will be generate • To avoid cluttering of the network with unused slaves, any slave that does not respond to the message an “x” number of times, is removed from the list. • The slave is polled for data at a regular interval of time specified by the user and programmable via GUI • The master will perform basic CRC check on data received from slave
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BOARD SCHEMATIC excl. AC/DC Conversion 76
NXP Support Tools for TDA5051A TDA5051A Power Line Modem datasheet ……………….. TDA5051A Product Brief …………………………………….
UM10422 – TDA5051A Stand-alone demo board user manual TDA5051A Demo Board Kit OM13313 thru e-demoboards https://extranet.nxp.com/group/distinet/edemoboards TDA5051A Application and Software support TDA5051A Application Note AN10903 ………………………... TDA5051A Master/Slave Lighting Demo Kit OM1334 thru edemoboards UM10495 – TDA5051A Master/Slave Lighting demo user manual PTM on Digikey Website. http://www.digikey.com/PTM/IndividualPTM.page?site=us&lang =en&ptm=25373 77
