Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Environmental laws in India The Constitution of India clearly states that it is the duty of the state to ‘protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country’. The Department of Environment was established in India in

1980.This later became the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985. http://www.moefrolko.org/actrules-summary.htm

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Contd..: The EPA (Environment Protection Act), 1986 came into force

soon after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and is considered an umbrella legislation as it fills many gaps in the existing laws. Thereafter a large number of laws came into existence as the problems began arising, for example, Handling and Management of Hazardous Waste Rules in 1989.

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The Environment Protection Act(1986) Enacted under article 253 of the Indian constitution. To protect and improve environmental quality, control and reduce pollution from all sources.

General 1986 - The Environment (Protection) Rules Standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants. 1989 - The objective of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules To control the Generation, collection, treatment, import, storage, and handling of hazardous waste.

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1995 - The National Environmental Tribunal Act Created to award compensation for damages to persons, property, and the environment arising from any activity involving hazardous substances. 1998 - The Biomedical waste (Management and

Handling) Rules Legal binding on the health care institutions to streamline the process of proper handling of hospital

waste.

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1999 - The Environment ( Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules, 1999 Lays down detailed provisions relating to areas to be avoided for siting of industries & precautionary measures to be taken for site selection. 2000 - The Municipal Solid Wastes

(Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 Apply to every municipal authority responsible for the collection, transportation, processing, and disposal of municipal solid wastes.

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2000 - The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules have been laid down for the regulation of production and consumption of ozone depleting substances. 2001 - The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001

Rules shall apply to every person involved in the manufacture, processing, sale, purchase, and use of batteries or components to regulate and ensure the environmentally safe disposal of used batteries.

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2002 - The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) Lay down such terms and conditions as are necessary to reduce noise pollution. Such as use of loud speakers or public address systems during night hours (from

10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.) on or during any cultural or religious festive occasion 2002 - The Biological Diversity Act Is an act to provide for the sustainable use & conservation of biological diversity.

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Forest and wildlife 1927 - The Indian Forest Act and Amendment, 1984, It was enacted to ‘consolidate the law related to forest, the transit of forest produce, and the duty leviable on timber and other forest produce’. 1972 - The Wildlife Protection Act, Rules 1973 and Amendment 1991 Provides for the protection of birds, animals and plants and for all matter connected there with. 1980 - The Forest

(Conservation) Act and Rules, 1981, provides for the protection of and the conservation of the forests.

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Water 1882 – The Act Allows private rights to use a resource that is, groundwater, by viewing it as an attachment to the land. It also states that all surface water belongs to the state and is a state property. 1897 The Indian Fisheries Act Establishes two sets of penal offences whereby the government can sue any person who uses dynamite or other explosive substance in any way (whether coastal or inland) with intent to catch or destroy any fish or poisonous fish in order to kill.

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1956 - The River Boards Act Enables the states to enroll the central government in setting up an Advisory River Board to resolve issues in inter-state cooperation. 1970 - The Merchant Shipping Act Aims to deal with waste arising from ships along the coastal areas within a specified radius.

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1974 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act establishes an institutional structure for preventing and abating water pollution. It establishes standards for water quality and effluent. The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) was constituted under this act. 1977 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act Provides for

the levy and collection of fees on water consuming industries and local authorities

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1991 - The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification Puts

regulations on various activities, including construction. It gives some protection to the

backwaters and estuaries.

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Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) Ministry of Environment and Forests (GOI) Notification New Delhi, the 25th September, 2000

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Water Pollution

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and for the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water in the country. The Act was amended in 1988. The Act was last amended in 2003. Acts •The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess (Amendment) Act, 2003.

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Air Pollution The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1981 and amended in 1987 to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in India. Acts •The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, amended 1987

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Environment Protection The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. The Act was last amended in 1991.

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Public Liability Insurance

The main objective of the Public Liability Insurance Act 1991 is to provide for damages to victims of an accident which occurs as a result of handling any hazardous substance. The Act applies to all owners associated with the production or handling of any

hazardous chemicals. amended 1993

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•The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995. In 1995 the Central Government established the National Environment

Tribunal [through the National Environment Tribunal Act 1995] to provide for strict liability for damage arising out of accidents caused from the handling of hazardous substances.

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Forest Conservation Act 1980 enacted to help conserve the country's forests. Strictly restricts and regulates the use of forest land for non-forest purposes. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, recognizes the rights of forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers

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Biodiversity The Biological Diversity Act 2002 was born out of India's attempt to realize the objectives enshrined in the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992 which recognizes the sovereign rights of states to use their own Biological Resources. The Act aims at the conservation of biological resources and associated knowledge as well as facilitating

access to them in a sustainable manner and through a just process For purposes of implementing the objects of the Act it establishes the National Biodiversity Authority in Chennai. Biological Diversity Rules,

2004

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IFS The Indian Forest Service aims at scientifically managing and protecting the forests of India. All India Services Act, 1951. The main mandate of the service is the implementation of the country's National Forest Policy which envisages scientific management of forests and to exploit them on a sustained basis for primary timber products,

among other things. The responsibility of managing the forests lies with State Forest Departments

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National Green Tribunal (NGT)

The National Green Tribunal : 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation

of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Wildlife

The Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its

derivatives. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. The objective is to provide protection to the listed endangered flora and fauna and ecologically important protected areas.

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India TOTAL OF 228 Eco Sensitive Zones (ESZs) HAVE BEEN DECLARED BY VARIOUS STATES. 3

6

6

2

ESZs IN STATES

1

2 2 11 3 3

20 20

7 7 7

17 7

8 15 8

8

14 8 Maharashtra

Karnataka

8

Himachal Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh

Kerala

8 Arunachal Pradesh

Sikkim

Telangana

Andhra Pradesh

Goa

Manipur

Tripura

Uttarakhand

Rajasthan

12

10Assam

Gujarat

14

Punjab

Haryana

Odisha

Bihar

Chattisgarh

Uttar Pradesh

Chandigarh

Jharkhand

Meghalaya

Jammu and Kashmir

Andaman and Nicobar

Dadra Nagar Haveli

West Bengal

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

ECO SENSITIVE AREAS (ESA) Notifications Updated on :25-04-2016 Amendments to EP Rules,1986 •The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 •Amendment of E(P) Rules, 1986 on time of 545 days for finalisation of Draft Notification Western Ghats Eco-sensitive Area

Dahanu Taluka Ecofragile Area Bhagirathi Eco-Sensitive Area Mahabaleshwar-Panchgani Eco-Sensitive Area Matheran Eco-Sensitive Area Mount Abu Eco-Sensitive Area

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GAZETTE NOTIFICATION: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

http://www.moef.nic.in/legis/hsm/mswmhr.html V. Rajagopalan, Jt. Secy. [F.No.17-2/95-HSMD]

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1. Short title and commencement .--

1.The “Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000”. 2. Rules applicable to every municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation,, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes.

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4. Responsibility of municipal authority 5. Responsibility of the State Government and the Union territory Administrations . 6. Responsibility of the Central Pollution Control Board and the State Board or the Committees . 7. Management of municipal solid wastes . 8. Annual Reports . 9. Accident Reporting Schedule I : [see rules4(2) and (3)]:

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Schedule -II Management of Municipal Solid Wastes 1. Collection of municipal solid wastes 3. Storage of municipal solid wastes

4. Transportation of municipal solid wastes 5. Processing of municipal solid wastes 6. Disposal of municipal solid wastes

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Schedule III :

Specifications for Landfill Sites Site Selection ,

Facilities at the Site

Specifications for land filling ,

Water Quality Monitoring , Plantation at Landfill Site ,

Pollution prevention

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Closure of Landfill Site and Post-care

Special provisions for hilly areas

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Schedule IV : Standards for Composting, Treated Leachates and Incineration •Application for obtaining authorization

•Format of Annual Report to be submitted by the Municipal Authority •Format for Issue of Authorisation •Format of Annual Review Report to be submitted by the State Pollution Control Board/Committees to the Central Pollution Control Board •Accident reporting

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Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES, 2016 – WHAT’S NEW? 1. Rural areas brought in ambit: Gram Panchayat (Village body). 2. Responsibility of waste generators , Individual and bulk generators to segregate the plastic waste at source, handover segregated waste, pay user fee as per bye-laws of the local bodies. 3. Persons organizing any public events made responsible for management of waste generated from these events. 4. Use of plastic sheet for packaging, wrapping the commodity brought under the ambit of these rules. Provisions introduced to ensure their collection and channelization to authorised recycling facilities. 5. Extended Producer Responsibility: The producers and the persons using these for packaging or wrapping their products and brand owners have been made responsible for collecting waste generated from their products. 6. SPCBs will not grant/renew registration of plastic bags, or multi-layered packaging unless …..

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

7. 8.

9.

10.

11.

Producers to keep a record of their vendors so as to curb manufacturing of these products in unorganised sector. The entry points of plastic bags/plastic sheets/multi-layered packaging in to commodity supply chain are primarily the retailers and street vendors. They have been assigned the responsibility of not to provide the commodities in plastic bags/plastic sheets/multi-layered packaging which do not conform to these rules. Otherwise, they will have to pay the fine. Plastic carry bag will be available only with shopkeepers/street vendors preregistered with local bodies on payment of certain registration fee. The amount collected as registration fee by local bodies is to be used for waste management. CPCB has been mandated to formulate the guidelines for thermoset plastic (plastic difficult to recycle). In the earlier Rules, there was no specific provision for such type of plastic. Manufacturing and use of non-recyclable multi-layered plastic to be phased in two years.

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Government makes use of plastic waste in road construction mandatory: ET Nov 26, 2015

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS: MUNICIPALITIES: THE GENERAL AWARENESS LEVELS IN IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES IS VERY LOW

ALTHOUGH THE ACTS DEFINE THE RESPONSIBILITIES, BUT NO ONE KNOWS WHO TO IMPLEMENT: e.g. Sale of tobacco products near educational institutions, Polythene bags ban, etc. etc. WHY ME ONLY ATTITUDE ABSENCE OF A MECHANISM TO STRICTLY IMPLEMENT ABSENCE OF A MECHANISM OF COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF WASTE ABSENCE OF A MECHANISM OF ACCOUNTING

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Inspite of all the bureacratic procedures, things do go on

A LIVE CASE IN INDIA: 12 MW POWER GENERATION UTILITY BASED ON WASTE PLASTICS TO ENERGY

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

Birla Institute of Management Technology: Greater Noida- India

A representative list of manufacturers of PET recycling machines suppliers Name Wowbunches Enterprises Mascot Electrotek Private Limited Yogeshwar Engineering Shivam Engineering Khira Edge Industries Ridhi Shidhi Industries Delite Ceramic Machinery Equipment Raj Engineering Works Mahadev Polymers

Location Uluberia, Kolkata Rajkot, Gujrat-India Odhav Gidc, Ahmedabad, Gujrat-India Odhav, Ahmedabad, Gujrat-India Junagadh, Gujrat-India Singarva, Ahmedabad, Gujrat-India Naroda Gidc Phase 3, Ahmedabad, Gujrat-India Chikhali, Pune, Maharashtra Geeta Colony, Delhi

Contact 08048409638 08079452894 09643318617 08048112174 09978834786 09899561342 09953353221 08408091024 08802985240