Biowaste in the European and Nordic Circular Economy Henrik Lystad Assistant director Avfall Norge (Waste Management Norway) & Chair of ECN

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 1

Content  European Compost Network (ECN)  Source separation of Biowaste in Europe  Biowaste in the circular economy  EU package „Circular economy  EU Fertiliser directive  Biowaste in the household waste  Nordic biogas

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 2

European Compost Network - Members 22 Biowaste organisations from 14 countries

ECN represents more than 2.000 biological treatment plants with a treatment capacity of more than 20 M t per year in 24 European Countries.

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 3

European Compost Network General update, reports and newsletter, Facebook & Twitter-account:

www.compostnetwork.info

Info about quality assurance system: www.ecn-qas.eu

4

Source separation of Biowaste in Europe Biowaste is an important Resource:  20-40 % Biowaste in household waste  Biowaste potential in Europe: 125 M tpa  Today: 25 M tpa WFD 2008, Art. 11: ‘MS shall set up separate collection to ensure high qualtiy recycling‘

>100 million tonnes remains unused

M tpa – million tonnes per annum

Source: Reterra Service GmbH , 2013

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 5

Biowaste in the circular (bio)economy Clean sources

Organic waste

Consumption

Bioenergy & Biobased Products

Soil

Biowaste Sector

Compost/digestate

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 6

Benefits of the biological recycling 

Avoided climate gas emissions Around 10 Mio. t CO2-Equivalents Substitutions of fuel and energy, nutrients and peat replacement through biogas, compost and digestate. Also soil carbon storage



Saved ressources Substituting 10 % P, 9 % N and 8 % Ca and peat through Compost (and digestate)



Improved soil health through use of Compost increased organic content/humus, plant health, water capacity, decreased erosion



Create grean jobs 20 – 50 000 (200 – 500 per mio tonnes/year)

Source: COM (235)2010: Communication on Biowaste/ECN

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 7

EU Circular economy package of 2014 Future targets for waste management  Waste hierarchy as leading priniple  Reducing waste generation  Strategy to reduce food waste  Ensure high quality recycling  Waste as a secondary raw material  Limiting energy from waste to not recyclable materials  Limiting landfilling to not recoverable waste

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 8

EU Circular economy package of 2014 The suggested targets in the package of July 2014:  Recycling targets of municipal waste: 70 % within 2030;  Recycling targets of packaging waste: 80 % within 2030.  Definition of calculation methods for recycling  Ban on landfilling recyclable plastics, metalls, glas, paper and cardboard as well as biological degradable waste within 2025;  Introducing source separation of biowaste in MS within 2025  Support the development of Markets for high quality secondary raw materials Rohstoffe  Use of End of Waste criteria also for biowaste

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 9

Future development  July 2014 First CE package  December 2014 Work program of new Commission withdrawing CE 

Aimed at publishing a new CE package by end of 2015



May – Sept 2015: Stakeholder consultation (circular economy and waste markets)



July 2015: Stakeholder conference with Timmermanns and MP Sirpa Pietikäinen



July 2015: EU Parlament Report on Ressource efficiancy (Pietikäinen) with statements: 

Source separation of biowaste within 2020



Waste reduction targets for municipal and commercial waste within 2025



Landfill ban in three steps (2020-2025-2030)

New draft 2 December 2015

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 10

Status in Europe - 2013 100 %

3 11

12

90 %

20 26

24 30

32

80 %

38 43 49

45

48

50 55

70 %

44

59

10

24

60 %

6 MS landfill < 10% 42

8

20 % 31

49

44

6

21

56

35 25

10 %

11

50

37

35

16 1

1

Source: CEWEP/EEA

1

2

4

28

2

97

54 50

0%

9

12 MS landfill > 60%

77

35 30 %

40

18

21 34

7

1 10 MS landfill < 60%

40 %

28

45

20

26

26

16

12

62

64

29

17

51

64

50 %

29

40

41

20

21

38

38

42

60

63

64

65

79

81

83

85

88

70 58 Recycled & Composted %

49

49

Incinerated % Landfilled %

17 2

Revision of EU fertiliser directive • New draft within end of 2015 - beginning of 2016 • Negotiations im EU Council and Parlament 2016-2017. Decission in 2018

 Important changes: • Aim is to support introduction of recycling and organic fertilisers. • Enwidened scope: Fertilisers, soil improvers, growing media, lime • Environmental and hygienic product criteria for • Compost and digestate, based on JRC draft EoW criteria from 01/2014 • Struvite • Biomass ashes • Biochar

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki 12

Household waste in the circular economy Yesterdays discussion: • incineration or source separation

Tomorrows topics • How to get hold of the material to recycle it to renewable resources Man or machine

• Source separation OR central sorting

Man and machine

• Source separation AND post sorting

13

Potential for recycling (%) 100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 Returgrad 2013 50,0

Best practice 2030 kildesort

Best practice 2030 kilde+sentral

40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 våtorganisk

papir

Source: Mepex/Avfall Norge

plast

glassemb

metall

tekstil

How to separate mixed waste  Wet or dry – «easy»  Biowaste: DM 25-40% - difficult

Strategies needed:  to keep residual waste dry  to separate impurities from biowaste

15

Source separation of biowaste enables automatical sorting on residual waste  Strategy: The moist must out of the residuals  Why: To be able to sort out clean waste materials  Solution: Separate collection of biowaste  -> separation of recyclables in residual waste in sorting plant

16

Nordic biogas production

Total: 3,9 TWh

Figures app. 2012 Main sources: IEA Task 37 & Members of organising committee, Nordic Biogas Conference

The Nordic approach(es) Similarities 

Biogas has highest priority within biological treatment



Codigestion normal where it makes sence (manure, waste and sewage)



Need for clean energy important for biogas utilisation strategy (power generation or upgrading to transport fuel)

Differences 

Incentives  Power: DK/FIN: feed in tarifs – S/N: certificates  Fuel: S/N: Tax exemption – DK: feed in tarifs  Manure: N: ”feed in support”



Digestate/Compost quality criteria/system:  N: Regulation (since 1996)  S: Certification scheme (similar to ECN-QAS)

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki

Denmark 

Main feedstock: Manure  Target: 50% manure in biogas in 2020 (now: 7 %)





Feed in tarifs for biogas  Electricity from 115 DKK/GJ (decreasing to 2020)  New: biomethane in grid: 115 DKK/GJ Trends  Until now: only combined power/heat  All new projects: upgrading to grid  Widespread gas grid basis for both strategies  Upgrading plants (2014): 4 – filling stations 7  What about the biowaste?

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki

Sweden  

Limited gas grid and gas consumption Transportation challenge towards fossil free  57 upgrading plants  60 % biomethane in vehicle gas  138 public and 57 non public filling stations



EU ban on landfill of organic matter a driver  From 30,000 tonnes in 2005  To 250,000 tonnes in 2012

Figures app. 2012 Main sources: IEA Task 37 & Members of organising committee, Nordic Biogas Conference

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki

Sweden 

Support systems  Production: Investment grants up to 45 %  (KLIMP, Landsbygdprogram, Biogasutlysningen etcetera)  For biogas plants and filling stations  Power:  No feed in tarifs  Joint electricity certificate with Norway (value 17-22 €/MWh)

 Vehicle fuel:  No tax on biogas (value 68 €/MWh)  40 % reduction of income tax for use of company NGV  Local soft incentives: Taxi lanes, parking incentives

 Challenge:  Tax exemptions not approved in EU  Expected to last to 2019, but probably only secured to end of 2015 Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki

Sweden – methane for transportation 44 000 (1%) 2 200 (16%) 700 (1%)

≈ 2 % of vehicle fuel Buses important, stable market driving development

Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki

Norway 

Incentives  Ban of organic waste in landfill since 2009  Support for manure:60 NOK/ton.  Investment grants (small scale and industrial) pl.  Norwegian-Swedish joint el. certificate (17-22 €/MWh)  Tax exemption for biogas for road transportation  Investment subsidies for infrastructure  Surplus of ”100 % hydropower”: Strong competition from electrical vehicles. 2015: approx 20 % of sales volume.



Current use of biogas  No development in CHP – ”all in” for transport.  176 filling stations (incl lpg stations)  31 LNG ferries  > 1000 vehicles Figures app. 2012 Main sources: IEA Task 37 & Members of organising committee, Nordic Biogas Conference

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki

Biogas for public transportation in Oslo

Gas vehicle nr 1090

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki

Thanks for your attention! [email protected]

Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference Source: Energigas Sverige, Nordic Biogas Conference

Finnish biowaste organisation 10th Anniversary, Helsinki