Biorefineries in pulp and paper industry Central European Biomass Conference 2011 – Session V: Biofuels and biorefinery, 28 January 2011 Tuula Mäkinen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
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Outline of the presentation What is a biorefinery? Forest-based biorefineries - Integration of biorefining to the pulp and paper industry Ongoing initiatives – focus on biorefineries producing biofuels R&D projects Commercial biorefineries Final comments
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What is a biorefinery? Biorefining: the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy. Biorefinery: concepts, facilities, plants, processes, clusters of industries Sustainable: maximising economics, social aspects, minimising environmental impacts, fossil fuel replacement, closed cycles. Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermo-chemical and biochemical conversion, catalytic processes, extraction, separation, downstream processing Biomass: wood & agricultural crops, wood, straw, organic residues, forest residues, aquatic biomass Spectrum: multiple energetic and non-energetic outlets Marketable: a current market exists or a future market is expected to become available, taking into consideration both market volumes and prices Products: both intermediates and final products, i.e. food, feed, materials and chemicals Energy: fuels, power and heat
The biorefinery definition of the IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Forest-based biorefineries • Traditional forest biorefineries – Kraft and mechanical pulp mills producing a fibre material stream, heat and electricity, as well as by-products, such as tall oil. Sulphite pulp mills with ethanol, xylitol and lignin products as byproducts. Sawmill industry and its various end-products.
• Emerging forest biorefineries – More diversified product portfolios. Bioenergy becomes increasingly important. Integrated production of transport biofuels becomes the main new product.
• Future forest biorefineries – A future biorefinery is based on new cooking methods, whereby the woody biomass is fractionated into novel material streams. These fractions are then processed into different materials or chemicals that find applications in current traditional forest-based or even completely new value chains. 4
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Forest industry is one of the most viable platforms for biorefining
Forest-Based Sector Technology Platform
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Biorefinery platforms for opportunities Virgin vs urban biorefinery Processing for recycle; e.g. de-inking
Stem-wood
Virginbiomass refinery
Wastebiomass refinery
Green Materials Product utilisation
Biomass residues -forestry residues -mill residues: bark, black liquor, -agro-residues
Waste recovery
Green Chemicals Renewable energy carriers -electricity -solid bio-fuels: pellets, lignin, -fuel oil -liquid bio-fuels: FT-hydrocarbons, ethanol,
Generation of work or heat elsewhere
Rejects
Landfill / energy production
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Finnish approach: Integration of renewable diesel-oil production to pulp and paper mills Paper & pulp
Process steam & power
power plant
Pulp and paper mill Energy to drying
Wood, straw energy crops, peat, RDF
Biomass handling and drying
Gasification and gas treatment
fuel gas + steam synthesis -gas
bark, forest residues, other biomass
FT-synthesis & upgrading steam & oxygen
WoodDiesel
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Chemrec development plant in Piteå, Sweden Oxygen-blown, pressurized black liquor gasification plant - recovery of cooking chemicals with simultaneous production of synthesis gas - entrained flow gasifier - operating conditions: 1000 °C, 30 bar (g)
Nominal capacity: 20 t BLS/d (3 MWth)
In operation since 2005 Black liquor, white liquor, water, steam and electricity supplied by the Smurfit Kappa Kraftliner mill (adjacent to the gasification plant)
To be extended with a DME production plant - in operation from July 2010 - capacity: 5 t DME/d
Source:
www.chemrec.se
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Domsjö Fabriker AB: Domsjö biorefinery in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden Three biorefinery products from pine and spruce: 1) Specialty cellulose, 255 000 tonnes (e.g. textiles) 2) Lignosulfonate, 55 000 tonnes (dried) 3) Ethanol, 15 000 tonnes
BioDME and biomethanol production to be integrated into the existing biorefinery through black liquor gasification (Chemrec) - to be completed in late 2012
Source: www.domsjoe.com
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Borregaard Biorefinery, Norway Products from wood: Specialty cellulose Lignin Biovanillin Yeast Bioethanol
Sources:
www.borregaard.com http://www.chemsoc.se/sidor/KK/berz/JohansenGisle_ppt_Berzeliusdagarne.pdf
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Final comments Forest industry is one of the most viable platform for biorefining Active R&D work ongoing Industrial exploitation of research results Technology – Market – Policy Demonstration of new technologies, reference plants
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VTT creates business from technology
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