Biomass Conversion Technology

Energy conversion technologies which have been empirically tested in Indonesia : Gasification

1. of rubber wood from unproductive rubber trees to generate heat energy for the drying of fermented chocolate seeds 2. of charcoal and wood sawdust for electricity generation

Thermophylic fermentation methods

conversion from organic vegetable waste by producing biogas as a fuel and for generating electricity and also concurrently producing organic by-products called hygen compost

Carbonizing

Environment-friendly energy conversion by carbonizing small-diameter logs, sawdust, wood slabs and coconut shells into charcoal. This yielded charcoal integrated with wood vinegar production through condensation of smoke/vapors emitted during carbonization, thereby mitigating the impact of air pollution.

From Jatropha Wood material from jatropha plant Skin of jatropha fruit/kernel

Jatropha cake

Charcoal from jatropha skin, cake, wood material

Jatropha Waste

Burner types Domestic Use

Hybrid Technology Solar & Biomass

Some Applications ….

Cone type dryer

Natural Fibre Dryer

Cone Type -Banana Dryer

Tunnel Type – Fish Dryer

Cabinet Type – Fish Dryer

House Type Dryer

House Type Dryer

Rotary Type – Cocoa Dryer

Tabaco Dryer

Attractiveness of the biomass technologies markets in Indonesia 

Indonesia represents an attractive market for biomass technology mainly because of : low cost of biomass residue combined with high electricity demand; geographically is difficult and expensive to develop centralized electricity system; fuel supply to remote areas is often not possible, due to lack of infrastructure and weather conditions, biomass residues create a waste disposal problem.

Energy Potential from Biomass Waste No.   

Type of Plant   

Waste Amount (tonne/thn)   

Energy (MWh)

1.       

Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch Shell Fiber

4,627,744 1,234,065 2,262,453   

6,427,422 5,141,938 6,913,051

2.       

Sugar Cane Bagasse   

8,068,416   

17,257,445

3.       

Rubber Rubber wood   

2,808,833   

12,901,906

4.       

Coconut Shell Fiber   

3,046,463 6,763,148   

15,401,563 31,373,492

5.       

Wood   Wood Waste 

8,345,932            

19,473,841 

6.       

Paddy Rice Husk   

13,585,326    

 52,831,823

7.       

Cassava       Cassava waste   

7,322,800        

36,980,140

   99,714,880   

262,549,427

TOTAL 

Biomass Production by Region Biomass

Main region   

Production (million ton/year)   

Technical energy potential (million GJ/year)   

   Remarks

Rubber wood   

Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java   

41 (replanting)    

120   

Small logs d