Biomass based Decentralized Energy solutions

Biomass based Decentralized Energy solutions Sunil Dhingra Biomass Energy Technology Applications, TERI 13 February 2009 Towards Low-Carbon Society:...
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Biomass based Decentralized Energy solutions

Sunil Dhingra Biomass Energy Technology Applications, TERI 13 February 2009

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Outline • • • • •

Energy scenario Major energy challenges Biomass Resource Some TERI initiatives Sum up

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Energy Scenario in India: Energy Supply • Coal:

Hydro 2%

– Major fuel (38%) • 70% of electricity generation is coal based • Industrial fuel

• Biomass: – Primary fuel for cooking in rural hhs

• Oil and natural gas:

Noncommercial (biomass) 29%

Nuclear 1% Coal 38%

– Mainly used as transport fuel • Other uses: industry, irrigation pump-sets, cooking fuel (LPG & kerosene) • 75% imports

• Others – Wind: > 10000 MW of installed capacity – Nuclear: Around 3000 MW

Natural Gas 7% Oil 23% Source: Planning Commission,2005

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Energy Scenario in India: Low per capita energy consumption 2500.0

2000.0

1000.0

500.0

0.0 USA

China

Russian Federation

Japan

India

Germany

Canada

France

United Kingdom

South Korea

10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000

Source: Planning Commission,2005

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

World Average

South Korea

United Kingdom

France

Canada

Germany

India

Japan

0

Russian Federation

1000 China

• Even with 8 % economic growth, per capita energy consumption would only be 1122 kgoe in 2030.

1500.0

USA

• Present per capita energy consumption very low

Brazil

Energy Challenges • Increasing energy supply for sustained economic growth • Energizing rural India • Energy security • Using energy efficiently • Ensuring long-term sustainability of energy use

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Biomass Energy : Current scenario • Primary source of energy for 2.4 billion people • 11% contribution in the global final energy consumption (2001) – Latin America – 18% – Asia – 25% – Africa – 49%

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Bio resource base in India • Coal Production – 407 million tons (2005-06) • Biomass production – 840 million tons (Firewood 220 million tons) (Agro residues 620 million tons) • Biomass at par with coal, but used inefficiently

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Modern biomass • To reduce fossil fuel consumption • To increase end-use efficiency • To reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Asian Brown Haze?) Applications • At domestic level • At community level • For small & rural enterprises • For other applications Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Energizing rural India • 44.2 % of the households i.e. 84 million households do not have access to electricity (2000) • 86% of the rural households depend on biomass (firewood, chips, dungcakes) for cooking energy • Access to modern energy is critical for: – Income poverty reduction – Improvements in health, education, etc

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

The Drivers • Subsidy structure (Thermal & electrical) • Incentives under: – VESP (Village Energy Security Program) – RVE (Remote Village Electrification) – RGGVY (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana)

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Village Energy Security through Biomass • • • • •

Aims at meeting the total energy requirements of a village through modern biomass technologies such as biogas, biomass and biofuels based on locally available resources. Plantations of fast growing fuel wood and oil bearing trees Goes beyond rural electrification per se Opportunities for employment and income generation. Environment-friendly and sustainable.

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Biomass Conversion Technologies •

Modern biomass technologies can convert biomass to solid, liquid or gaseous fuels at improved efficiencies for thermal, mechanical or electrical energy production such as

¾Charcoal, briquettes ¾Liquid fuels such as

vegetable oils / bio-diesel from oilseeds, ethanol from crop residues ¾Biogas from anaerobic digestion of animal and other organic wastes / residues ¾Producer gas through biomass conversion in small gasifiers Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Overview of Biomass Technology Research at TERI • Power Gasifier – Rural electrification (10-40 kWe) – Captive generation (50-250 kWe) • Thermal Gasifier / Stove – About 12 biomass gasifier based packages developed – Oil replacement market – Energy Efficiency improvement • Bio-fuels – Technology development for ethanol production from ligno-cellulose material – Production of fuel oil from Biomass through Pyrolysis Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Biomass gasifier based power plant

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Highlights – Thermal Gasifier Application

No. of gasifiers installed

Cardamom drying

185

Silk reeling

38

Textile Dyeing

27

CO2 production Rubber drying Magnesium Chloride Food Processing Remelting furnaces

3 15 2 40 5

Institutional applications (Crematoria, cooking etc.)

25

Others

15

Total

355

Fossil Fuel displaced ~ 43,000 TOE Emission reduction 159,000 tonnes CO2 Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Gasifier applications in small industries

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Biogas Production • •

• •

Biogas (gobar gas) has traditionally been produced from cow dung. Technologies being developed for using tree based organic substrates such as leaf litter, seed starch / cakes, vegetable waste, kitchen waste, etc. Single/biphasic processes give higher methane yield with lower retention period Biogas can be used for cooking, or to produce electricity in dual fuel or in 100% gas engine mode. Rich organic manure provides value addition Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Gasifier Stove Smokeless and complete combustion. • Higher efficiency • Easy to operate • Consumes very low power • Family stove 2 to 4 Watt • Community 20 Watt •Economically viable •Can be manufactured locally •Ease in service and maintenance •Comfortable ash removal system •Provided with PV / power pack •Controlling the power to the required level

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Bio-fuel Production •



Biofuels comprise non-edible vegetable oils in their natural form called straight vegetable oils (SVO), methyl or ethyl esters known as treated vegetable oils, and esterified vegetable oils referred to as bio-diesel In remote areas esterification may have logistic limitations. Use of SVO in stationery diesel engines appears feasible subject to modified maintenance schedule and by heating the oil using engine exhaust heat

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Highlights – Power Gasifier Project

Project commissio ned

Total Cumulative hours logged

Number of families connected

Average Load kWe

Village Kaneiput Orissa

May 2004

3000

32

5-6

Village Deodhara, Orrissa

December 2004

1900

65

6-8

Village Jemara, Chattisgarh

February 2005

2500

92

8-9

Village Bhaogarh Rajasthan,

April 2006

1500

97

9-10

Village Jambopani Madhya Pradesh

August 2007

500

97

9-10

Village Dawania Madhya Pradesh

October 2007

250

122

9-10

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Village Energy Security Project – Villl.Jambupani, MP

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Gasifier system for rubber drying units •Block rubber units use electricity or diesel for drying the rubber •Gasifier system of 100 kg/h capacity intervention has been able to save conventional fuel (diesel) of the order of 30 l/h. •Economic benefit: with an initial investment of Rs 10 lakhs, the industry has been able to saves Rs 4000 per day which translate into payback of just only 250 days. Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Gasifier system for silk reeling oven Benefits of gasifier system • 57.3% wood saving • 3.6% renditta improvement • Rs. 20/kg premium for better quality • Annual monetary benefits Rs.2,25,000 • Payback 3 months • IRR 330% Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Conclusions • High potential for biomass based decentralized applications to meet global Climate change challenge • Increased use of biomass energy are global & national priorities • Growing experience of modern biomass technologies such as biomass gasification has potential to penetrate in two segments: – Decentralized small scale biomass gasifier based power plant for rural areas – Biomass gasifier based thermal applications in SMiEs (Small and Micro Enterprises) Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Conclusions

(contd.)

• Need for technology development and standardization • Climate change instruments for small capacity projects (bundling/ programmatic) • South-South cooperation and partnership • Knowledge sharing network

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge

Thank you for your attention Contact me at: [email protected]

Towards Low-Carbon Society: Japan Scenarios and Asian Challenge