Biology 1) A predator can increase the numbers of certain species in its habitat by a) killing and eating the competitors of other species. b) living symbiotically with other species. c) avoiding certain prey species. d) crowding out the species it does not eat. 2) Based on the graph below, what initially happens to enzyme activity as the temperature increases? a) Increases b) Stays the same c) Decreases d) No effect

3) What is the most significant difference between these three systems? Gill

Lung

Lung

capillaries

capillaries

capillaries

Systemic

Systemic

Systemic

capillaries

capillaries

capillaries

Fish

Mammal

Amphibian

a) The number of systemic capillaries b) The direction of blood flow c) the number of heart chambers d) the amount of blood flow 4) An advantage for sexually reproducing organisms is: a) Less offspring b) Genetic diversity c) Used energy d) Less adaptations

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Biology 5) In the 1800' s, Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands. He observed and collected several different specimens of finches, all identified as species different from the finches on the South American mainland. What is the most likely reason for the finches on the islands being different from those on the mainland? a) lack of genetic variability b) reproductive isolation c) different mating rates d) mutualism's effects on species 6) Use the following dichotomous key to identify the tree in the picture. A. Does the tree have NEEDLES…Go To D A. Does the tree have LEAVES…Go To B B Are the leaves SIMPLE…Go To C B. Are the leaves COMPOUND…Go To C C. Is the branching OPPOSITE…Go To E C. Is the branching ALLTERNATE…Go To F D. Are the needles scale like - juniper D. Needles sharp and pointed – pine E. Are the leaf veins palmate - maple E. Are the leaf veins pinnate - ash F. Are the leaf edges serated (toothed) - Service berry F. Are the leaf edges lobed – oak a) Oak b) Pine c) Maple d) service berry 7) A technique using radioactive isotope decay to measure the age of rock is called a) radiometric dating b) Relative dating c) Fossil estimation d) Isotope harvesting

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Biology 8) Chemically inserting genes from one organism into another is an example of: a) Crossbreeding b) Genetic engineering c) Hybridization d) Inbreeding 9) Based on its structure, which digestive system organ would enlarge enough to allow a large dinner to be eaten? Organ Mouth

Shape Opening

Esophagus

Short tube

Stomach

Sac-like

Small Intestine

Long Tube (20-25 ft.)

Pancreas

Many tubes inside

Description Contains teeth, tongue, and salivary glands Muscular structure, connects mouth to stomach Muscular structure that can expand: contains glands that secrete acid. Has glands in folded inner surface White glandular structure

Large Intestine

Wide tube

inner surface not folded

a) Stomach b) small intestine c) pancreas d) large intestine 10) From where do new cells arise? a) From the blood b) From food molecules in the digestive tract c) From preexisting cells d) From the lymph glands 11) Symbiotic relationships _______ a) are always beneficial to all species involved. b) may be beneficial to all species involved. c) may benefit one species while harming another. d) both b and c

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Biology

12) The algae at the beginning of the food chain in the above figure are a) consumers. b) decomposers. c) producers. d) heterotrophs. 13) Which is not a major chemical element found in cells? a) Carbon b) Hydrogen c) Oxygen d) Sodium 14) The pancreas is a collection of specialized glandular cells located below the stomach. It produces two hormones, insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugars. The pancreas also produces enzymes which empty into the small intestine. What does the pancreas regulate? a) Circulation b)

Cellular division

c)

Heart rate

d)

Homeostasis

15) Gametes are created by the process of: a) Meiosis b) Mitosis c) Metaphase d) Metabolism

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Biology 16) Carlos Linnaeus proposed a two kingdom classification system in the eighteenth century. New information enabled Robert Whittaker to modify the classification system into a five -kingdom system. Which statement describes the situation that led to the modified classification system? a) Evolution has slowed, allowing for more accurate classification b) Genetic engineering created new organisms, resulting in classification changes c) Linnaeus' s system was just a hypothesis and Whittaker's system was a theory d) Science revises its findings in light of new observations and evidence. 17) Where does the process of translation occur in a cell? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Golgi body d) Mitochondrion 18) Using the diagram below, which labels accurately identify the parts of this diagram?

a) X: elongation zone; y: Hair, Z: Hair b) X: tip; Y:Elongation zone; Z: hair c) X: Hair; Y: Tip; Z: elongation d) X: hair; Y: elongation zone; Z: tip

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Biology 19) Refer to the illustration below. Taken together these graphs demonstrate that a) Photosynthesis is independent of environmental influence b) Increasing light intensity causes increases in temperature c) Increasing light intensity cause increases in temperature d) The rate of photosynthesis is affected by changes in the environment

20) The following graph shows the relationship of plant growth to light intensity.

The relationship between light intensity and plant growth can be stated: a) As light intensity increases, plant growth increases b) As plant growth increases, light intensity increases to a point, then decreases c) As light intensity increases, plant growth increases to a point, then decrease d) As plant growth increases, light intensity increases 21) Which macromolecules are the major structural components of animal cells? a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Nucleic Acids

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Biology

22) What organ system performs the same function as the xylem and phloem (vascular system) in some plants? a) digestive system b) circulatory system c) Respiratory system d) Nervous system 23) The pedigree chart below shows an example of a trait that is

a) Sex linked b) Autosomal c) Polygenetic d) Multiple alleles 24) A normal human cell has 46 chromosomes. After a cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will the resulting cells have? a) 23 b) 46 c) 92 d) 115 25) What is the function of the kidney a) Food storage b) Circulate blood c) Removes waste d) Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide 26) Refer to the illustration below. What phase of mitosis is being shown? a) Metaphase b) Prophase c) Telophase d) Anaphase

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Biology 27) Which statement is best supported by the diagram of the carbon-oxygen cycle?

a) Decomposers add oxygen to the atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide. b) Combustion adds oxygen to the atmosphere and removes carbon dioxide. c) Consumers generate oxygen and utilize carbon dioxide. d) Producers generate oxygen and utilize carbon dioxide. 28) What characteristic of water allows for adhesion, cohesion, and high heat capacity? a) Liquid at room temperature b) Ionic c) Semipermeable d) Polarity 29) Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of organization from simple to complex a) Cell, organ, tissue, organism, organ system b) Muscle tissue, muscle, muscle cell, organ c) Organelle , cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms d) Organ system, organism, organ, tissue 30) In a cross involving simple dominance, using B=black fur and b=white fur, if you have a male rat who is heterozygous crossed with a homozygous recessive female, what percent of their offspring will have white fur? a) 100% b) 75% c) 50% d) 25%

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Biology 31) Racehorse owners want faster horses. Which process could they apply to their horses to accomplish this? a) Asexual reproduction b) Random mating c) Natural selection d) Selective breeding 32) Located below are the results of a DNA fingerprint from a crime scene. Which suspect can be placed at the crime scene?

a) Suspect 1 b) Suspect 2 c) Suspect 3 d) None of the above

33) In which organ of an animal’s body would meiosis occur? a) Liver b) Testis c) Heart d) Tongue 34) Which of the following is an autotroph? a) Horse b) Pine tree c) Mushroom d) Amoeba

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Biology 35) Look at the following energy pyramid. If the producers have 7000 kcal of energy, how much energy will be available for the Sheephead fish?

a) 7 kcal b) 70 kcal c) 700 kcal d) 7000 kcal

36) Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of: a) Cellular respiration b) Fermentation c) Photosynthesis d) Glycolysis 37) How many haploid cells are created at the end of meiosis? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 38) This diagram shows an example of what type of evidence for evolution? a) Fossils b) Homologous structures c) Vestigial structures d) embryological

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Biology 39) The organelle labeled #3 in the diagram below is a(n):

a) b) c) d)

Ribosome Golgi body Nucleus Mitochondrion

40) Which hypothesis will test the effect of abiotic factors on plant growth? a) If the soil is acidic, then plants will not grow well. b) If two kinds of corn seeds are planted, then one will grow better than the other. c) If an insect is placed on a plant, then it might eat the plant. d) If the plants are the same species, then they will not grow well. 41) What are the subunits of a DNA molecule a) Nucleotides b) Amino acids c) Fatty acids d) Monosaccharides 42) If the climate in an area becomes hotter over time, natural selection will favor mammals with which trait? a) more dense, dark colored hair b) more dense, light colored hair c) less dense, dark covered hair d) less dense, light colored hair 43) In a cross between a red flower and white flower, some of the offspring show a pink phenotype. This is an example of: a) Simple dominance b) Codominance c) Multiple alleles d) Incomplete dominance Page 12

Biology 44) The conversion of glucose to ATP is accomplished by: a) Cellular respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Homeostasis d) Citric acid cycle 45) What is a common limiting factor for all organisms? a) Sunlight b) Water c) Soil d) Food 46) Describe the ratio of energy used by a coyote to obtain food and the energy gained from that food. The energy used ________ a) must be less than that obtained. b) must be equal to that obtained. c) can be more or less than obtained. d) must taste good. 47) About 10,000 years ago, the Colorado River separates a population of squirrels as it carved the Grand Canyon. Today the white tailed squirrel is found on the North side of the canyon, and the gray tailed squirrel is found on the south side of the canyon. These squirrels cannot produce offspring together. When DNA from each type of squirrel is analyzed, the results indicate that the squirrels are very closely related. Based on this information, which inference can be made about the two populations of squirrels? a) The squirrels evolved from the same ancestors and are considered the same species. b) The squirrels evolved from the same ancestors but are considered different species c) The ancestors but are considered the same squirrels evolved from different species. d) The squirrels evolved from different ancestors and are considered different species. 48) Why are some biologists now using a six kingdom classification scale? a) Scientists have developed more advanced tools to study the physical and genetic structure of organisms. b) Scientists needed a new kingdom because all other kingdoms became full c) Scientists created species with unique traits through the process of genetic engineering d) Scientists have recognized organisms living in water are different from organisms living on land.

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Biology 49) Of the total amount of energy of a producer, how much energy is transferred to the 1st level consumer? a) 100% b) 90% c) 50% d) 10%

Kindom

Animal I

Animal II

Animal III

Animal IV

Animal V

Family

Chordata

Chordata

Chordata

Chordata

Chordata

Class

Mammalia

Mammalia

Mammalia

Mammalia

Amphibia

Order

Carnivora

Carnivora

Carnivora

Primates

Salietia

Family

Felidae

Felidae

Carnidae

Hominidae

Ranidae

Genus

Felis

Felis

Canis

Homo

Rana

Speices

leo

domesticus

familiaris

sapiens

clamitans

50) In the table above, the two animals showing the greatest similarities are: a) Animals I and II b) Animals II and III c) Animals III and IV d) Animals I and V 51) During photosynthesis in plants, what is the source of the carbon in the sugar molecule (CH)? a) carbon dioxide in the air b) carbon monoxide in the air c) carbon particles in the soil d) carbon particles in water 52) Darwin's ideas on evolution were not accepted by scientists in his time. Which occurrence caused nearly all scientists to eventually accept evolution as the best explanation for the adaptation and modification of organisms over time? a) Evidence that supports evolution has accumulated since the time of Darwin b) Scientists have moved on to new questions and dislikes reconsidering old ones c) Society has changed, and now most new ideas are accepted d) Enough people have learned about evolution, and it is no longer controversial. Page 14

Biology 53) In mammals the alveoli are tiny hallow sacs in the lungs where oxygen from the air and carbon dioxide from the blood are exchanged. Which two organ systems are involved in this exchange. a) Respiratory and circulatory b) Respiratory and digestive system c) Respiratory and excretory d) Respiratory and nervous system 54) Mutation and genetic recombination cause: a) Larger Size b) Population increase c) Variation in a species d) Similarities in a species 55) You are given the following sequence of DNA, TACGGCAAACCT. What would be the corresponding strand of mRNA? a) AUGCCGUUUGGA b) ATGCCGTTTGGA c) AUGTTTGCGAAA d) ATGGGATCACCG 56) Osmosis refers to: a) The movement of solutes through a selectively permeable membrane. b) The active transport of water through a membrane. c) Diffusion of gases. d) Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. 57) What is an advantage of genetic variation to a species ability to adapt? a) Increase survival and reproductive success b) Helps the individual to evolve c) It takes less energy to find a mat d) Helps you to look like your parents

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Biology 58) What activity/activities may reduce carbon emissions? a) Recycling b) Greater fuel efficiency in automobiles c) Wind generated electricity d) All of the above 59) The graph best represents which kind of selection? a) Directional b) Disruptive c) Sexual d) Stabilizing

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