BIOL 2402

Blood Vessels & Blood Vessel Wall

What do I have to know for this lab? 1. To identify an artery and a vein under the microscope. 2. To name the three layers found in the blood vessel walls, to describe the type of tissues found in each layer, and to describe functions of each layer. 3. To name and locate (using figures and models) the main blood vessels found in the human body. 4. To describe the function of each blood vessel studied in lab.

Blood Vessels PART A Structure of the Blood Vessel Wall 1. Arteries have thicker walls than veins. However, both arteries and veins have three distinct layers or tunics, forming a wall around the lumen, the space through which blood flows. Notice the name of the three (3) layers of the arterial and venous wall.

Vein Anatomy

Tunica adventitia Tunica media Tunica intima

Some veins in the body have valves.

2. Observe the three distinct layers at an artery and venous wall in this micrograph. Connective Tissue

Artery

Vein

Figure 1 Cross section of an artery and a vein (400X)

3. Answer the following questions in reference to Figure 1 a) Which blood vessel has a bigger lumen? ____________________________________ b) Which blood vessel is bigger in diameter? ___________________________________ c) Which blood vessel has a thicker tunica media? _______________________________ d) Is the tunica intima and adventitia the same thickness in both arteries and veins? _____ e) Why arteries have a thicker wall compared to venous walls? ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ f) Considering the function of arteries and veins, why do veins have valves while arteries do not? _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

4. Complete the following table Blood Vessel Layer Layer Position Innermost Tunica Interna Layer (intima) Tunica Media

Tunica Externa (adventitia)

Tissues found in Vessel Layer

Functions of Layer

Middle Layer

Outermost Layer

PART B 1. Sketch a cross section of an arterial wall. LABEL: lumen, tunica interna (intima), tunica media, and tunica externa (adventitia).

Arterial Wall ____X

2. Sketch a cross section of a venous wall. LABEL: lumen, tunical interna (intima), tunica media, and tunica externa (adventitia).

Venous Wall

____X

3. Describe the differences you observed between the arterial and venous wall. YOU NEED TO MENTION EACH layer and compare them between the venous and arterial wall. ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

PART C

Arteries and Veins

*Be able to identify arteries and veins of the human body listed below using diagrams. *Be able to CORRECTLY spell all blood vessels listed below. Use your AP textbook as reference

ARTERIES Major arteries of the heart pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries aorta coronary arteries

Arteries to neck, head, and brain common carotid arteries internal carotid arteries cxternal carotid arteries vertebral arteries facial arteries

Arteries to shoulder and upper limb subclavian arteries axillary arteries brachial arteries ulnar arteries radial arteries

Arteries branching from the abdominal aorta celiac artery phrenic artery superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery renal arteries Common iliac arteries

Arteries to pelvis and lower limbs common iliac arteries anterior tibial artery internal iliac arteries posterior tibial artery external iliac arteries fibular artery femoral artery popliteal artery

VEINS Veins from brain, head, and neck external jugular veins internal jugular veins subclavian veins brachiocephalic veins

Veins from upper limb and shoulder radial vein cephalic vein ulnar vein basilic vein brachial vein median cubital vein axillary vein

superior vena cava vertebral vein

subclavian vein

Veins of the abdominal viscera superior mesenteric vein splenic vein inferior mesenteric vein hepatic vein renal vein hepatic portal vein

Veins from lower limb and pelvis anterior tibial vein posterior tibial vein popliteal vein great saphenous vein external iliac vein internal iliac vein common iliac vein

Label the Major Blood Vessels of the Body Figure 2 Label the major blood vessels of the heart and pulmonary circulation A

Systemic capillaries

A. ___________________________________

B

B. ___________________________________ C. ___________________________________ F

D. ___________________________________ E. ___________________________________ F. ___________________________________ E

C

Figure 12.5 Main branches from the aorta. A D

Systemic capillaries

110

Abdominal Aorta

G

A

Stomach

Figure 3 Label main arterial branches from the aorta.

F A. ___________________________________ B. ___________________________________

Liver

C. ___________________________________ D. ___________________________________ E

E. ___________________________________ Kidney

F. ___________________________________

B

G. ___________________________________ Ascending colon

C Descending colon

D Figure 4 Arteries supplying the right side of the neck and head. A. ___________________________________ B. ___________________________________ C. ___________________________________ D. ___________________________________ E. ___________________________________ F. ___________________________________ A

G. ___________________________________ H. ___________________________________

B Carotid sinus

C

H G F

D E

Figure 5 Major arteries of the shoulder and upper limb. A. ___________________________________

A

B C

B. ___________________________________ C. ___________________________________ D. ___________________________________ E. ___________________________________

Hints:

F. ___________________________________

-The radial artery runs parallel to the radial bone.

D

-The ulnar artery runs next to the ulnar bone.

E B

A

F

C D

E

K

Anterior Figure 6 Main arteries supplying pelvis and lower limbs. A. ___________________________________ B. ___________________________________ C. ___________________________________

J

D. ___________________________________ E. ___________________________________ F. ___________________________________

I

G. ___________________________________ F G

H. ___________________________________ I. ___________________________________ J. ___________________________________

H

K. ___________________________________ Anterior

Posterior

Figure 7 Label the major arteries of the body using the terms provided below. Superficial temporal artery Vertebral artery

Intercostal artery Suprarenal artery Deep brachial artery

Coronary artery

Celiac artery Superior mesenteric artery Lumbar artery Inferior mesenteric artery Gonadal artery

Deep Femoral artery

Dorsalis pedis artery

Aorta Brachiocephalic artery Common carotid artery Common iliac artery External iliac artery Internal iliac artery Subclavian artery Axillary artery Brachial artery Renal artery Ulnar artery Radial artery Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Fibular artery Femoral artery Posterior tibial artery

Figure 8 Veins supplying the right side of the neck and head. A. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ C. ______________________________ D. ______________________________ E. ______________________________ F. ______________________________

A

B F C D

E

Figure 9 Label the veins found in the thoracic wall. G F A. ______________________________

A E B C

B. ______________________________ C. ______________________________

D

D. ______________________________ E. ______________________________ F. ______________________________ G. ______________________________ 114

Figure 10 Main veins of the right upper limb and shoulder A A. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ C. ______________________________

I

D. ______________________________

C

E. ______________________________

B

D

F. ______________________________ E

G. ______________________________ F

H. ______________________________ I. ______________________________ G

H

Anterior

Figure 11 Veins of the abdominal cavity Liver

Inferior vena cava Stomach

A. ______________________________ B. ______________________________ Spleen

C. ______________________________

C

D. ______________________________

A

B

Ascending colon

D

Descending colon

Rectum

Figure 12 Veins of the pelvis and lower limb A B D

C

E

A. ______________________________

F

B. ______________________________ C. ______________________________ D. ______________________________

G

E. ______________________________ F. ______________________________ G. ______________________________

H

H. ______________________________ I. ______________________________

I

J. ______________________________ J Note: the saphenous vein is the largest vein in the body. A piece of the saphenous vein may be used for coronary bypass surgery. Anterior View

Posterior View

Figure 13 Label the major veins of the body.

A C B

D E

R

F

Q

G H I

P A. ______________________________

J

B. ______________________________ C. ______________________________ D. ______________________________ O

E. ______________________________ F. ______________________________ G. ______________________________

K N

L

H. ______________________________ I. ______________________________ J. ______________________________ K. ______________________________

M

L. ______________________________ M. ______________________________ N. ______________________________ O. ______________________________ P. ______________________________ Q. ______________________________ R. ______________________________

Complete the following tables: Location and Organ/Region Supplied by Arteries Artery Brachiocephalic Artery Common Carotid Artery External Carotid Artery Internal Carotid Artery Subclavian Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Radial Artery Ulnar Artery Celiac Artery Hepatic Artery Splenic Artery Renal Artery Superior Mesenteric Artery Inferior Mesenteric Artery Common Iliac Artery Internal Iliac Artery External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery Popliteal Artery

Location

Organ/Region Supplied

Vein Internal Jugular Vein External Jugular Vein Brachiocephalic Vein Ulnar Vein Radial Vein Brachial Vein Subclavian Vein Hepatic Vein Hepatic Portal Vein Inferior Mesenteric Vein Superior Mesenteric Vein Renal Vein Femoral Vein Saphenous Vein External Iliac Vein Internal Iliac Vein Common Iliac Vein Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava Cephalic Vein Basilic Vein

Location and Organ/Region Supplied by Veins Location Organ/Region Supplied