Energy
Biogas – New Trends and Technologies in Germany Dr.-Ing. Hans Friedmann Vice President of the German Biogas Association www.dr-friedmann.de
www.german-renewable-energy.com
German Biogas Association Steering Committee (7 members) elected by the members for a four-year-period
Board of Trustees elected Honorary Spokesmen of Regional Groups, Working Groups & Advisory Boards
Operators of AD plants Research institutes Interested private persons
5,000 members (2011) organised in 23 regional groups each headed by an elected spokesman
Headquarters 22 employees Berlin Office 3 employees Regional offices (north, east and south) 3 employees
Companies Lawyers Banks and others
European Biogas Association (EBA) founded in February 2009
Development and Situation of Biogastechnology in Germany
What is a good „EEG“
keep it simple, short and easy to use
don´t change in less than five years
organize a profitable business for investors
and make a canadian law, no german, especially no german like the 2012.version!
Number of Biogas Plants in Germany Development of the number of biogas plants and the total installed electric output in megawatt [MW] (as of 06/2011) 7.000
2500 5.905
6.000
Number of biogas plants
2.291 2000
Installed electric output (MW) 4.984 5.000
1.893 3.711 3.500
4.000
3.891
1500
1.377 1.271
2.000
1.000
1.100
2.680
3.000
450 274 370 139 159 186
617
850
2.050 1.750 1.600 1.300 1.050
50
65 182
256
333
1000
650 500
390 0
10 20
09 20
08 20
07 20
06 20
05 20
04 20
03 20
02 20
01 20
00 20
99 19
98 19
97 19
96 19
95 19
94 19
93 19
19
92
0
Key Figures on Biogas in Germany End of 2010
Forecast for 2011
5.905 (45)
7.100 (60)
2.291
2.767
Net electricity production in MWh per annum
14,8 Mio.
17,9 Mio.
Homes supplied with biogas-based electricity
4,2 Mio.
5,1 Mio.
Proportion of electricity consumption in %
2,46
3,1
Turnover in Germany in €
5,1 Mrd.
6,1 Mrd.
Jobs
39.100
46.300
Export rate in %
10
10
Number of plants (of these feeding biomethane) Installed electric output in MW
Development of the Installed Electrical Power
Source: DBFZ in cooperation with TLL, „Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse“
Revised EEG 2012 – Feed-in Tariffs
Category
≤ 75 kW ≤ 150 kW
Basic compensation
Input material category I
Input material category II
Digestation of biowaste
Bonus for upgrading of biogasf)
25 ct/kWh – a new category of plants! 14,3 ct/kWh
6,0 ct/kWh
8,0 ct/kWh
16 ct/kWh
≤ 500 kW
12,3 ct/kWh
6,0 ct/kWh
8,0 ct/kWh
16 ct/kWh
≤ 750 kW
11,0 ct/kWh
5,0/2,5 ct/kWh
8,0/6,0 ct/kWh
14 ct/kWh
≤ 5.000 kW
11,0 ct/kWh
4,0/2,5 ct/kWh
8,0/6,0 ct/kWh
14 ct/kWh
≤ 20.000 kW
6,0 ct/kWh
0,0 ct/kWh
0,0 ct/kWh
14 ct/kWh
3 ct/kWh up to 700 Nm³/h, 2 ct/kWh up to 1.000 Nm³/h 1 ct/kWh up to 1.400 Nm³/h
Trends and technologies in German Biogas Business
Biogas – an All-Rounder Power
Heat
CHP
Biogas
Natural gas substitute
Feed-in
Fuel
Biomethane
CHP Gas treatment equipment
Point of feed-in
Fuel cell ....
Trend: Biogasupgrading to natural gas quality
Trend: Biogas - upgrading
German Gas Network Access Ordinance (GasNZV) Purpose of the legislative scheme: Goal of the regulations is to enable the feed-in of the biogas potential of 6 milliards cubic meters in Germany yearly till 2020 and 10 milliards yearly till 2030 in the natural gas grid.
Trend: Biogas - upgrading
in 2011 > 7000 plants producing electricity and 60 plants produce biomethan but we need 6.000.000.000 cbm p.a. Biomethane in the Gasgrid in 2020, according to the goals of German Government
Trend: Biogas - upgrading
To reach this goal, 100-120 feed-in biogas plants need to be connected to the grid annually each of them producing 700 Nm³ (ca. 2800 kWel.) Biomethane per hour.
Trend: Biogas - upgrading
About 60 plants in operation About 35 plants in planning About 35 plants in construction
Source: www.biogaspartner.de
Gas Conditioning Technologies PSA – Pressure swing adsorption PWS – Pressurized water scrubbing Genosorb – Washing fluid MEA – Monoethanol amine washing DEA – Diethanol amine washing
Gas Conditioning Technologies
Source: biogaspartner – a joint initative, Biogas Grid Injection in Germany and Europe – Market, Technology and Players (08/2011)
Biogasplant Ketzin – Biomethaneproduction since 2008 Fermentation of Silage from Maize and Grass 12 kg/cbm/d organic load of the Fermenter
250 kW el. output and 250 cbm Biomethane per hour
Trend: Better Efficiency: Use
of heat
Use
of land
Use
of fermentervolume
Trend: Better use of heat
Using the waste heat from the CHP enables a significant higher efficiency. Transport of the excess heat by district or local heating grids to heat consumers, for example public and private buildings.
Using a micro gas network to transport raw biogas to a remote CHP located in the vicinity of heat consumers restricts the expenditure for the gas treatment on desulphurisation and drying. In this case the increase of the overall efficiency by the improved heat utilization creates the value.
The ORC technology (Organic Rankine Cycle) is a thermodynamic circulation process. CHP waste heat vaporises an organic working fluid – this thermal oil powers a turbine producing electricity by a directly coupled generator.
Biogasplant Flechtingen – Biogasgrid to CHP´s
Monofermentation of silage 5 km Biogasgrid to five CHP´s each 800 kW at heat-users high load fermentation (more than 8 kg per cbm organic load)
Biogasplant Sauen – Heat for a Village Monofermentation of Silage 530 kWel. Heatgrid (1,2 km)
Biogasplant Malchin – Steam for Biodieselproduction
Monofermentation of Silage (up to 85.000 metric tons per year)
5,0 MW el., Steam- and Heatgrid
2 x 2200 cbm Fermentervolume
Load of the Fermenters up to 18 kg/cbm/d
Efficiency of land use - Energy Crops and their Energy Yield
cbm Methane per ha per year
Efficiency of Biogas Plants – High-Load Biology Smaller fermenters lead to a
lower space requirement as well as lower costs for foundation and groundworks,
lower
costs for fermenter construction
reduced
internal power requirement (50 % of the internal power requirement results from the mixing of fermenters)
the
possibility of repowering of existing plants by process optimisation!
Increase of profitability and efficiency!
Process optimization with Micro Nutrients 1989
Micro nutrient demand od anaerobic systems
Quelle: Friedmann 1993
Molybdenium in „Molybdopterin“-Cofaktors X X O HN H2 N
N
H N N H
S
O
-
VI
+
+ 2e + 2H
Mo Y
Mo Y S S + H2O
S O
O
O
P O
O
O P
O Cyt/Gua
OH
IV
Over 10 kg loading rate by biological process optimisation (since 1989) Growth optimisation of the bacteria: Adjusted use of micronutrients Avoidance of inhibition by ammoniac and hydrogen sulphide
Methane bacteria, 6320-times magnified
Optimisation of the fermentation: Optimised temperature control Continuous feeding Homogenic mixing
Test plant located at the BKW in Fürstenwalde (fermentation tests, continuous high-load fermentation)
Trends and technologies - Conclusion
Biogas upgrading
small plants for manure fermentation (75 kW)
Efficiency use uf heat use of land use of fermentervolume
Repowering of plants
Thank you for your attention www.dr-friedmann.de
