Frank Hofmann Department of International Affairs German Biogas Association
Biogas in Germany
Development, Technology and Benefits www.renewables-made-in-germany.com Warsaw, Poland, 19th of April 2016
Biogas in Germany – Development, Technology and Benefits
Content German Biogas Association Renewable energy in Germany
The biogas market in Germany Political framework in Germany Different operation techniques in use Conclusions
Structure of the German Biogas Association Steering Committee
Headquarters in Freising
7 members, elected for a 4-year-period
over 400 honorary experts
Board of Trustees
28 employees, organised in 10 departments
Berlin Office
Elected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups and advisory boards
Advisory Boards, Working Groups Advisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession, funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law
6 employees
Regional offices (North, South, East, West and Editorial Office Biogas Journal 5 employees
23 Regional groups in Germany
Operators of biogas plants Providers of feedstock Research Institutions
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4,800 Members Interested private individuals Public authorities Lawyers
Companies and manufacturers Corporate finance Planners, advisers, laboratories
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Member of the European Biogas Association (EBA)
Belgrade, Serbia, 5th of April 2016
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German Biogas Association - Objectives Objectives :
Lobbying on federal state, federal and EU level in the following fields:
• Promotion of the biogas sector • Promotion of a sustainable energy supply • Definition of legal framework for reliable and long-term investments • Creation of adequate technical rules and standards • Promotion of R & D • Exchange of information • Members service
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• • • • • • •
Renewable Energy Act (EEG) Energy management Regulatory approval Environmental laws Laws on agricultural issues Tax law …
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European Biogas Association 26 countries – 34 National Organisations – 40 Companies
www.european-biogas.eu Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
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Content
• German Biogas Association
• Renewable energy in Germany • The biogas market in Germany • Political framework in Germany
• Different operation techniques in use • Conclusions
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Reasons for the energy transition in Germany
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• Climate and environment protection • Sustainable development of energy production • Reduction of costs for German national economy by incorporating long- term external effects • Conservation of fosil ressources • Independency from imports of fossil fuels • In the long term costs for fossil fuels will rise; „fuel costs“ for RE are for free or will probably decrease • Technology development • Creation of employment, especially in rural areas • Development of new markerts and sales
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Advantages of Biogas I • Production of energy • • •
Electricity Heat Vehicle fuel
• Storable and flexible energy source • High employment rate • Business creation • • •
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planning operation maintenance
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Advantages of Biogas II • Fertilizer production • Climate and environment protection • • • • •
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Avoidance of methane emissions Substitution of fossil energy Substitution of synthetic fertilizers Nutrient recycling Odor reduction
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Structure of the German electricity production from renewable energy sources (2014)
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30% of electricity production from RES
More than 50% of the RES are fluctuating
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Content
• German Biogas Association • Renewable energy in Germany
• The biogas market in Germany • Political framework in Germany
• Different operation techniques in use • Conclusions
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Number of biogas plants & installed electric capacity
Belgrade, Serbia, 5th of April 2016
10.000
4.500
Number of biogas plants in Germany Installed electric capacity in Megawatt [MW]
8.928 8.726 8.563 4.177 4.000 8.213 3.905 7.766 3.500 3.637
9.000
3.352
7.000
6.2683.097
3.000
6.000
5.181
2.500
5.000
2.291 3.891 3.711 3.500 1.893
4.000
2.000
1.500 3.000
2.680
2.000
1.000
370 450 139 159 186 274
617
850
1.377 1.271
2.050 1.6001.750 1.300 1.050
1.100 650
0
1.000
Installed electric capacity
Number of biogas plants
8.000
500
0
Years © Fachverband Biogas e.V. / German Biogas Association
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Biogas sector at a glance
Forecast 2014*
Forecast 2015**
8.726 (178)
8.928 (190)
Installed electric capcity in MW
3.905
4.177
Gross electricity production in TWh per year
32,08
32,67
Housholds supplied with biogas-based electricity in millions
9,2
9,3
CO2 reduction by biogas in million tons
18,0
21,2
Turnover in Germany in Euro
9,1 Billion
9,2 Billion
Jobs in the biogas sector
45.000
44.000
Number of biogas plants (biogas plants with biomethane injection)
© Fachverband Biogas e.V . / G erman Biogas Association
* Own extrapolation based on country data/data from energy supplier ** Based on a expert survey
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Feedstock in German biogas plants Excrements
Energy crops
Liquid and solid manure, dung…
Grass, maize, corn, potatoes, fodder beet, mustard, silage…
Agricultural by-products Beet leaf, straw, harvest residues., vegetable matter …
Biogas plant
Agriculture
Vegetable waste
Residential and industrial waste
Brewer grains, vegetable waste, old fat, molasses, distiller’s wash, Marc, garden and park waste ...
separate collected residential, waste, organic fraction of mixed waste, fat separator contents, flotation tailings, food waste, leftovers, expired food, grease, blood, residues from milk production, sewage sludge, …
Biogas Heat, electricity, fuel
Fertilizer
Digestate Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
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Biogas from biowaste in Germany 14,2 million t/a separately collected biowaste (incl. 8,2 million t/a household biowaste) Composting
material
Fermentation recycling/ recovery
Incineration
energetic
Approx. 5,3 million t/a biowaste 984 approved biogas plants (approx. 300 plants from which 100 municipal plants) Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, 2012, Fachverband Biogas estimation Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
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Fields of Application for Biogas
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Content
• German Biogas Association • Renewable Energy in Germany • The biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany • Different operation techniques in use • Conclusions
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German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) •
Priority of connection, purchase and transmission for electricity from renewable energy sources
•
A consistent fee for this electricity paid by the grid operators for a 20year period
The core elements of the EEG guarantee : • • • • • Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
Mid and long term planning and investment security Calculable costs for consumers Specific fees for different technologies Low bureaucratic effort Participation for local and regional players 18
Development of the Renewable Energy Act EEG (2000-2014)
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• Consistent fee for 20 years • Priority connection • 250 new plants a year
EEG 2000
EEG 2004 • Bonus for energy crops • Bonus for using heat • 450 new plants a year
200 new plants in 2015 Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
• Bonus for new techniques • Bonus for emission reduction • Bonus for manure • 1000 new plants a year
EEG 2009
EEG 2012 • New system • New requirements on efficiency and ecology • 340 new plants a year
EEG 2014 19
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Content
• German Biogas Association • Renewable Energy in Germany • The biogas market in Germany • Political framework in Germany
• Different operation techniques in use • Conclusions
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Technologies in use in Germany Wet digestion Complete Mixed Reactor
Dry continuous digestion Plug Flow Reactor
Dry batch digestion Garage Systems
< 15 % dm
15 – 30 % dm
> 30 % dm
Thermophilic
Thermophilic
Thermophilic
Mesophilic
Mesophilic
Mesophilic
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Inside a digester
The inside of a digester
©Fachverband Biogas e.V.
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Plug flow reactor
Input
biogas
digestate
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Garage System
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The new role of biogas in electricity production: Flexibility instead of base load 20 % Renewable Energy Sources
Capacity [GW]
40 % Renewable Energy Sources
80 % Renewable Energy Sources
With increasing share of RES, baseload loses importance Flexible systems fill the valleys of the wind and sun CHP with bioenergy & natural gas New role of biogas red
Demand (2010)
green Wind and solar generation Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
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Direct Marketing
• The basic condition of direct marketing is that the electricity is not supplied to the grid operator but sold to an electricity trader.
The plant operator does not change the way the Three plant operates different forms of The electricity trader can control the plant remotely direct marketing The plant operator and the electricity trader agree on a fixed schedule.
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How does direct marketing and FiT of the EEG combine?
Belgrade, Serbia, 5th of April 2016
• By channeling the generated electricity through a public grid
► Market premium, flexibility premium
Biogas plant
Public grid
Biogas plant
Public grid
Direct transmission No direct to consumersmarketing
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Market premium
• The biogas plant operator can combine direct marketing with the Feed-in Tariff of the EEG = Market Premium • The biogas plant adheres to the requirements of the EEG and will also be reimbursed according to the statutes of the EEG but the electricity will be sold to an electricity trader. ► In the future, the biogas plant has two sources of income: • Market premium: payed by the grid operator • Revenue of direct marketing: payed by the electricity trader
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The market premium principle • Market premium = Feed-in tariff – monthly market value on the electricity exchange • The plant operator has to get the monthly market value from his electricity trader
Will be paid by the grid operator
Feed-in tariff EEG
Market premium
Monthly market value Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
More revenue Revenue of direct selling
More revenue of direct marketing Will be paid by the electricity trader
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Flexibitlity premium If biogas plants can store the gas and provide additional capacity for electricity production they can apply for the flexibility premium / flexibility surcharge in addition to the market premium. • A flexibility premium will be paid for extra capacity: For example: A biogas plant is operating with an average of 100 kW, 200 kW are installed at the plant and there is a big gas storage, so the plant can get the flexibility premium for its ability to produce more electricity in case it is needed.
• Flexibility premium is an additional premium to market premium. • Direct marketing and market premium can be used by all other renewable energies. ► Flexibility premium is only for biogas plants!
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Market premium and flexibility premium Flexibility premium More revenue Revenue from electricity trader
Additional revenue for direct selling and flexibility premium
Will be paid by the electicity trader
Will be paid by the grid operator Market premium
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Promotional material biogas.org
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german-biogas-industry.com
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New promotional material in 2016 „Biowaste to Biogas – production of energy and fertilizer from organic waste“ Brochure will be published at IFAT in May 2016
Links "Biogas an all-rounder" http://www.german-biogas-industry.com/ Firmenliste Export http://www.biogas.org/edcom/webfvb.nsf/id/DE_Export_sortiert_nach_Firma?open FvB Marketplace http://www.biogas.org/edcom/webfvb.nsf/id/DE_Project-coordination-Marketplace Sebastian Stolpp 19.04.2016
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Content
• German Biogas Association • Renewable Energy in Germany • The biogas market in Germany • Political framework in Germany • Different operation techniques in use
• Conclusions
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Conclusions
• Germany is a frontrunner in renewables • Biogas is as an all-rounder and a key in the energy mix • Three main trends in Germany: 1. Feedstock: manure/waste - no energy crops 2. Flexibility (balancing the fluctuating power generation) 3. Export business of the manufactures (60%)
• Huge potential and interest for biogas worldwide (biowaste digestion, agricultural residues, industrial residues and waste) know-how is necessary • Lot of experience and know-how in Germany!
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Biogas in Germany – Development, Technology and Benefits Frank Hofmann Department of International Affairs German Biogas Association Email:
[email protected] Internet: www.biogas.org