Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage

Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage Group 8: Manouchehr Nadjafi, Johannes Tıefenthaler, Chia Ling Yang, David Küchler, Raphael Röthlisberger, C...
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Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage Group 8: Manouchehr Nadjafi, Johannes Tıefenthaler, Chia Ling Yang, David Küchler, Raphael Röthlisberger, Christoph Lüthi, Franziska Steinberger

Group 8 23th May 2016

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23.05.2016

Outline 1. Can BECCS mitigate climate change?  Resources and potential estimation  Conflicts and synergies

 Climate Change Mitigation  Challenges to overcome 2. How could BECCS be implemented?  Stakeholder Analysis  SWOT Analysis

 Technologies and Value Chain Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Resources on Global Scale

IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2015 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

IPCC (2012), Special report: Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation Group 8

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Technical Potential in 2050 Technical potential

EJ/y

1200 1000 800

Primary energy consumption 2013

600 400 200 0 High estimate

Low estimate

Energy corps on surplus land

Energy crops on degraded land

Agricultural residues

Forest residues

Animal manure

Organic waste

Hoogwijka et al. 2002

Offermann, Seidenberger et al. 2010

Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Economic Potential in 2050

Assumption: 1. short rotation crops in commercial large scale plantation 2. On abandoned agricultural and rest land  130-270EJ/y at 2 Dollars/GJ (currently lower price of coal energy)

Hoogwijk et al. 2006

Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Conflicts and Synergies

Conflicts

Synergies

Protected areas

Reforestation Projects

Water Quality (Fertilizers/Pesticides)

New jobs

Soil erosion

Higher value for Biomass

Energy vs. Food

Biowaste Management

Property rights Seleshi B. Awulachew, Michael Abebe et al. 2008 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Stakeholder Analysis employees

Waste producers: • Households • Gardening • Gastronomy • Farmers • Industries

Biowaste collector

neighbours

Biogas plant

Gas cleaning station

builders • Investors • shareholders

• NGO’s • Politics • scientists

Sewage system

CO2

Gas grid End-users: • industry • households Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

Export CO2 storage Industry Power-to-gas CO2 demand

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Stakeholder Analysis on BECCS

supporting

Carma/Scientists Employees • Safe working place • Good conditions of employement

Politics

• Explore knowhow • Estimate potential and feasability of CCS

Public

•Compliance of protocols (e.g. Paris) •Prevent economic damage

Biowaste collector • Econimical collection

weak Waste producer

• • •

Healthy environment Low life costs Suitable geographical locations for CCS

strong

• Get rid of waste

Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

Neighbours

NGO’s

• Intact neighbourhood • No noise/traffic/ste nch

• Avoid destruction of environment • Reduction of CO2 • Preservation of biodiversity

opposing

Gas producers • Maximize profit – CCS means additional cost

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Role of BECCS in Climate Change Mitigation

Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853

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Four Components of Consistent Negative Emission narratives

Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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SWOT Analysis

Sources: IPCC (2014), Assessment report 5, Mitigation: Appendix Bioenergy; Global CCS Institute: Global status of BECCS projects 2010

Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Potential Conversion Technologies for Biomass

IPCC (2012), Special report: Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Technology Combination

Biomass Conversion (combustion & gasification)  Co-firing with Coals • Pulverized coal combustion • Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)  Dedicated biomass combustion • Bubbling fluidized bed • Circulating fluidized bed • Fixed grate  Dedicated biomass gasification • Bubbling fluidized bed • Circulating fluidized bed • Dual fluidized bed • Entrained flow

CO2 capture • Post-combustion

• Oxy-combustion • Pre-combustion

Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Feasibility of each Combination of bio-energy

Post-combustion

Oxy-combustion

Pre-combustion

Coal IGCC (Gasification)

X

X

V

Pulverized Coal Combustion

V

V

X

Dedicated Biomass Combustion

V

V

X

Dedicated Biomass Gasification

X

X

V

Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853

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Value Chain CCS with oil/coal Coal/ fuel extraction and refining

Coal/fuel transport

Coal/fuel Combustion

CO2 Capture

CO2 Storage & Transport

CO2 Reservoir Storage

Source: https://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/ccs-learning-lng-sector-report-global-ccs-institute/51carbon-capture-and-storage-value-chain

CCS with bioenergy Biomaterial cultivation and harvest/ collection

Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

Biomaterial transport

Biomaterial Fermentati on or other treatment

Biofuel Combustion

CO2 Capture

CO2 Storage & Transport

CO2 Reservoir Storage

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Conclusion (message map)

Can BECCS mitigate climate change? Sufficient Global Resources - Advanced agriculture - Low price - Accessibility worldwide

Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

YES

Technology is available Negative Emission - Geological storage - Public and political support - Advanced separation - Paris agreement (2 °C) - Proved technology - Lack of suitable alternative Group 8

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Thank you Questions? Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering

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Four Dimensions of Uncertainty (Climate Change Mitigation) 1. Physical constraints on BECCS a. Sustainability b. Storage 2. Response of natural land and ocean carbon sinks to NE; 3. Costs and financing of an untested technology; 4. Socio-institutional barriers.

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