Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage Group 8: Manouchehr Nadjafi, Johannes Tıefenthaler, Chia Ling Yang, David Küchler, Raphael Röthlisberger, Christoph Lüthi, Franziska Steinberger
Group 8 23th May 2016
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23.05.2016
Outline 1. Can BECCS mitigate climate change? Resources and potential estimation Conflicts and synergies
Climate Change Mitigation Challenges to overcome 2. How could BECCS be implemented? Stakeholder Analysis SWOT Analysis
Technologies and Value Chain Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Resources on Global Scale
IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2015 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
IPCC (2012), Special report: Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation Group 8
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Technical Potential in 2050 Technical potential
EJ/y
1200 1000 800
Primary energy consumption 2013
600 400 200 0 High estimate
Low estimate
Energy corps on surplus land
Energy crops on degraded land
Agricultural residues
Forest residues
Animal manure
Organic waste
Hoogwijka et al. 2002
Offermann, Seidenberger et al. 2010
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Economic Potential in 2050
Assumption: 1. short rotation crops in commercial large scale plantation 2. On abandoned agricultural and rest land 130-270EJ/y at 2 Dollars/GJ (currently lower price of coal energy)
Hoogwijk et al. 2006
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Conflicts and Synergies
Conflicts
Synergies
Protected areas
Reforestation Projects
Water Quality (Fertilizers/Pesticides)
New jobs
Soil erosion
Higher value for Biomass
Energy vs. Food
Biowaste Management
Property rights Seleshi B. Awulachew, Michael Abebe et al. 2008 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Stakeholder Analysis employees
Waste producers: • Households • Gardening • Gastronomy • Farmers • Industries
Biowaste collector
neighbours
Biogas plant
Gas cleaning station
builders • Investors • shareholders
• NGO’s • Politics • scientists
Sewage system
CO2
Gas grid End-users: • industry • households Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
Export CO2 storage Industry Power-to-gas CO2 demand
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Stakeholder Analysis on BECCS
supporting
Carma/Scientists Employees • Safe working place • Good conditions of employement
Politics
• Explore knowhow • Estimate potential and feasability of CCS
Public
•Compliance of protocols (e.g. Paris) •Prevent economic damage
Biowaste collector • Econimical collection
weak Waste producer
• • •
Healthy environment Low life costs Suitable geographical locations for CCS
strong
• Get rid of waste
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
Neighbours
NGO’s
• Intact neighbourhood • No noise/traffic/ste nch
• Avoid destruction of environment • Reduction of CO2 • Preservation of biodiversity
opposing
Gas producers • Maximize profit – CCS means additional cost
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Role of BECCS in Climate Change Mitigation
Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Four Components of Consistent Negative Emission narratives
Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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SWOT Analysis
Sources: IPCC (2014), Assessment report 5, Mitigation: Appendix Bioenergy; Global CCS Institute: Global status of BECCS projects 2010
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Potential Conversion Technologies for Biomass
IPCC (2012), Special report: Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Technology Combination
Biomass Conversion (combustion & gasification) Co-firing with Coals • Pulverized coal combustion • Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) Dedicated biomass combustion • Bubbling fluidized bed • Circulating fluidized bed • Fixed grate Dedicated biomass gasification • Bubbling fluidized bed • Circulating fluidized bed • Dual fluidized bed • Entrained flow
CO2 capture • Post-combustion
• Oxy-combustion • Pre-combustion
Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853 Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Feasibility of each Combination of bio-energy
Post-combustion
Oxy-combustion
Pre-combustion
Coal IGCC (Gasification)
X
X
V
Pulverized Coal Combustion
V
V
X
Dedicated Biomass Combustion
V
V
X
Dedicated Biomass Gasification
X
X
V
Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, 850-853
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Value Chain CCS with oil/coal Coal/ fuel extraction and refining
Coal/fuel transport
Coal/fuel Combustion
CO2 Capture
CO2 Storage & Transport
CO2 Reservoir Storage
Source: https://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/ccs-learning-lng-sector-report-global-ccs-institute/51carbon-capture-and-storage-value-chain
CCS with bioenergy Biomaterial cultivation and harvest/ collection
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
Biomaterial transport
Biomaterial Fermentati on or other treatment
Biofuel Combustion
CO2 Capture
CO2 Storage & Transport
CO2 Reservoir Storage
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Conclusion (message map)
Can BECCS mitigate climate change? Sufficient Global Resources - Advanced agriculture - Low price - Accessibility worldwide
Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
YES
Technology is available Negative Emission - Geological storage - Public and political support - Advanced separation - Paris agreement (2 °C) - Proved technology - Lack of suitable alternative Group 8
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Thank you Questions? Laboratory of Energy Science and Engineering
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Four Dimensions of Uncertainty (Climate Change Mitigation) 1. Physical constraints on BECCS a. Sustainability b. Storage 2. Response of natural land and ocean carbon sinks to NE; 3. Costs and financing of an untested technology; 4. Socio-institutional barriers.
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