Bibliography of Late Antique East Iran

Bibliography of Late Antique East Iran Important Primary and Secondary Sources for the Study of the Eastern Iranian lands during the Late Antiquity A...
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Bibliography of Late Antique East Iran Important Primary and Secondary Sources for the Study of the Eastern Iranian lands during the Late Antiquity

Ammianus Marcellinus, Works, ed. and tr. J. C. Rolfe, 3 vols., London and Cambridge, Mass. 1963-72. Michael Alram, “Die Geschichte Ostirans von den Griechenkönigen in Baktrien und Indien bis zu den iranischen Hunnen,” in W. Seipel, ed., Weihrauch und Seide. Alte Kulturen an der Seidenstrasse, Milan and Vienna, 1996, pp. 119-40. _____. “Alchon und Nēzak: Zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Mittelasien,” in La Persia e l’Asia Centrale da Alessandro al X secolo, Atti dei convegni Lincei 127, Rome, 1996, pp. 517-54. _____. “A Hoard of Copper Drachms from the Kapisa-Kabul Region,” Silk Road Art and Archaeology 6, 1999-2000, pp. 129-50. _____. “A Rare Hunnish Coin Type,” Silk Road Art and Archaeology 8, 2002, pp. 14953. Franz Altheim, Geschichte der Hunnen, 5 vols., Berlin, 1959-62. _____ and Ruth Stiehl, Geschichte Mittelasiens im Altertum, Berlin, 1970, pp. 690-99. Harold Walter Bailey, “A Kharoṣṭhi Inscription of Senavarma, King of Oḍi,” JRAS, 1980, pp. 21-29. Bardesanes of Edessa, Ketava de-namusa de-atravat, ed. and tr. H. J. W. Drijvers as The Book of the Laws of Countries: Dialogue on Fate of Bardaiṣan of Edessa, Assen, 1965. Craig Benjamin, “The Origin of the Yüeh-chih,” in Craig Benjamin and S. N. Lieu, eds., Walls and Frontiers, Silk Road Studies 6, Turnhout, 2003, pp. 131-51.

A. Biswas, The Political History of the Hunas in India, New Delhi, 1973. A. D. H. Bivar, “Die Sassaniden und Türken in Zentralasien,” in G. Hambly, ed., Fischer Weltgeschichte XVI, 1966, pp. 61-72. _____. “Hāritī and the Chronology of the Kusanas,” BSOAS 33/1, 1970, pp. 10–21. _____. “Hayāṭila,” in EI 2 III, 1971, pp. 303-4. _____. “Political History of Iran under the Arsacids,” in Camb. Hist. Iran III/1, 1983a, pp. 21-99. _____. “The History of Eastern Iran,” in Camb. Hist. Iran III, 1983, pp. 181-231. _____. “The History of Eastern Iran,” in Camb. Hist. Iran III/1, 1983b, pp. 181-231, esp. pp. 191-209. _____. “The Historical Origins of the Art of Gandhara,” Pakistan Archaeology 26, 1991, pp. 61-72. _____. “A Current Position on Some Central and South Asian Chronologies,” Bulletin of the Asia Institute, N.S. 14, 2000, pp. 69-75. _____. “Mithraism: a Religion for the Ancient Medes,” Iranica Antiqua 40, 2005, pp. 341-58. Priscus: R. C. Blockley, ed. and tr., The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire II, Liverpool, 1983, pp. 222-400. Procopius, Perserkriege, ed. and tr. O. Veh, München, 1970. Claudius Ptolemaeus, Geographica, ed. C. Müller, I, Paris, 1883. Osmund Bopearachchi, “Naštēn, A Hitherto Unknown Iranian Ruler in India,” in Joe Cribb, Helen Wang, and Katsumi Tanabe, eds., Studies in Silk Road Coins and Culture: Papers in Honour of Prof. Ikuo Hirayama on His 65th Birthday, Silk Road Art and Archaeology 6, Kamakura, 1997, pp. 67-73. _____. Franz Grenet, “Našten, un souverain iranien inconnu entre Grecs et Kouchans,” Studia Iranica 22, 1993, pp. 299-307. Bona, Das Hunnenreich, Stuttgart, 1991. C. Edmund Bosworth, “Nīzak, Tar-khān,” in EI 2 VIII, 1995, p. 67. M. L. Carter, “A Selection of Ancient Gold Coins from Afghanistan in the Herbert E. and Dorothy C. Schwarz Collection at the American Numismatic Society,” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 7, 1993, pp. 207-19.

Edouard Chavannes, Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux, 2nd ed., Paris, 1903. Chronicon miscellaneum ad annum 724 pertinens (= Liber Calipharum), ed. E. W. Brooks, Paris and Leipzig, 1904. Jamsheed Choksy, “The Enigmatic Origins of the Tokharians,” in Carlo C. Cereti and F. Vajifdar, eds., Ātaš-e Dorun: The Fire Within: Jamshid Soroush Soroushian Commemorative Volume, San Diego, 2003, pp. 107-19. Joe Cribb, “The ‘Heraus’ Coins: Their Attribution to the Kushan King Kujula Kadphises,” in Martin Price, Andrew Burnett, and Roger Bland eds., Essays in Honour of Robert Carson and Kenneth Jenkins, London, 1993, pp. 107-34. _____. “Numismatic Evidence for Kushano-Sasanian Chronology,” Stud. Ir. 19, 1990, pp. 151-93. _____. “A New Bactrian Inscription of Kanishka the Great,” pt. 2: “The Rabatak Inscription, Its Historical Implication and Numismatic Context,” Silk Road Art and Archaeology 4, 1995-96, pp. 98-142. Alexander Cunningham, “Coins of the Later Indo-Scythians: Little Kushāns,” The Numismatic Chronicle, 3rd Series, 13, 1893, pp. 184-202. Idem, “Coins of the Later Indo-Scythians: Ephthalites or White Huns,” Numismatic Chronicle, 3rd Series, 14, 1894, pp. 243-93. Raoul. Curiel, “Inscriptions de Surkh Kotal,” JA 242/2, 1954, pp. 189-205. _____. “Le trésor du Tépé Marandjan,” in Raoul Curiel and Daniel Schlumberger, eds., Trésors monétaires d’Afghanistan, MDAFA 14, Paris, 1953, pp. 101-31. K. Czeglédy, “Zur Geschichte der Hephthaliten,” in AAASH 28, 1980, pp. 213-17. Gholam Djelani Davary, Baktrisch: Ein Wörterbuch auf Grund der Inschriften, Handschriften, Münzen und Siegelsteine, Heidelberg, 1982. Neilson C. Debevoise, A Political History of Parthia, Chicago, 1938; repr., New York, 1968. Jan Jakob Maria De Groot, Chinesische Urkunden zur Geschichte Asiens I. Die Hunnen der vorchristlichen Zeit, Berlin, 1921. K. Walton Dobbins, The Stūpa and Vihāra of Kanishka I, Asiatic Society Monograph Series 5/18, Calcutta, 1971. _____. “The Kamra Kharoṣṭhī Inscription of Vāsiṣka,” East and West 25/1-2, 1975, pp. 105-09.

K. Enoki, “On the Nationality of the Ephthalites,” Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 18, 1959, pp. 1-58 _____. “On the Date of the Kidarites (1)-(2),” Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 27, 1969, pp. 1-26; 28, 1970, pp. 13-38. Elizabeth Errington, “Numismatic Evidence for Dating the Kanishka Reliquary,” Silk Road Art and Archaeology 8, 2002, pp. 101–20. _____ & V. Sarkosh Curtis 2007, From Persepolis to the Punjab, Exploring, Ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. London 2007. Harry Falk, “The Yuga of Sphujiddvaja and the Era of the Kuṣanas,” Silk Road Art and Archaeology 7, 2001, pp. 121-36. _____. “Appendix,” to Errington, 2002, pp. 11-13. Erich Frauwallner, “Die buddhistischen Konzile,” ZDMG 102, 1952, pp. 240-61. Richard N. Frye, The History of Ancient Iran, Munich, 1984, chap. 12. _____. “Napki Malka and the Kushano-Sasanians,” in Dickran K. Kouymjian, ed., Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy and History: Studies in Honor of George C. Miles, Beirut, 1974, pp. 115-22. Gérard Fussman, “Chronique des études kouchanes (1975-1977),” JA 266, 1978, pp. 41936. _____. “Documents épigraphiques kouchans (III): L’inscription de Senavarma, roi d’Od˘i: une nouvelle lecture,” Bulletin de l’École Française d’Extrême-Orient 71, 1982, pp. 1-46. _____. “Chronique des études kouchanes (1978-1987),” JA 275/3-4, 1987, pp. 333-400. _____. “Numismatic and Epigraphic Evidence for the Chronology of Early Gandharan Art,” in Marianne Yaldiz and Wibke Lobo, eds., Investigating Indian Art: Proceedings of a Symposium on the Development of Early Buddhist and Hindu Iconography Held at the Museum of Indian Art, Berlin, in May 1986, Berlin, 1987, pp. 67-88. _____. “L’inscription de Rabatak et l’origine de l’ère saka,” JA 288/2, 1998, pp. 571-651. Gérard Fussman and Jean Claude Gardin, Surkh Kotal en Bactriane II: monnaies, ceramiques, petits objets. Paris, 1988. _____. and Olivier Guillaume, Surkh Kotal en Bactriane II: les monnaies, les petit objets, MDAFA 32, Paris, 1900.

Roman Ghirshman, Les Chionites-Hephtalites, MDAFA 13, Cairo, 1948. Robert Göbl, Dokumente zur Geschichte der iranischen Hunnen in Baktrien und Indien, 4 vols., Wiesbaden, 1967. _____. “Iranisch-Hunnische Münzen 1: Nachtrag,” Iranica Antiqua 16, 1981, pp. 173-82. _____. “Supplementa Orientalia I,” Litterae Numismaticae Vindobonenses 2, 1983, pp. 97-112. _____. System und Chronologie der Münzprägung des Kušānreiches, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Kl., Vienna, 1984. _____. “Supplementa Orientalia II,” Litterae Numismaticae Vindobonenses 3, 1987, pp. 203-16. _____. “Das Antlitz des Fremden: Der Hunnenkönig Prakasaditya in der Münzprägung der Guptadynastie,” Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philhist. Kl. 126, 1990, pp. 131-38. _____. “Supplementa Orientalia III,” Quaderni ticinesi di numismatica e antichità classiche 22, 1993, pp. 229-42. _____. Donum Burns: Die Kušānmünzen im Münzkabinett Bern und die Chronologie, Vienna, 1993. _____. Antike Numismatik I, München, 1978, pp. 107-8. _____. System und Chronologie der Münzprägung des Kušanreiches, Vienna, 1984. _____. Histoire générale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mongols et des autres Tartares occidentaux, 5 vols., Paris, 1756-58. Franz Grenet. “Trois documents religieux de Bactriane afghane,” Mélanges offerts à Raoul Curie. Studia Iranica 1982, pp. 155-162. _____. “Un plat sasanide d'Ardashir II (379-383) au bazar de Kabul,” Studia Iranica 1983, pp. 195-205. _____. “L’onomastique iranienne à Aï Khanoum,” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique CVII, 1983, pp. 373-381. _____. “Notes sur le panthéon iranien des Kouchans,” Studia Iranica 1984, pp. 253-262. _____. “L’art zoroastrien en Sogdiane: études d'iconographie funéraire,” Mesopotamia, 21, 1986, pp. 97-131.

_____. “Les ‘Huns’ dans les documents sogdiens du Mont Mugh », dans Etudes iranoaryennes offertes à Gilbert Lazard (= Cahiers de Studia Iranica 7), Paris 1989, pp. 205222. _____. “Fouilles de la mission franco-soviétique à l'ancienne Samarkand (Afrasiab): première campagne, 1989,” Comptes rendus de l'Académie des inscriptions et belleslettres (CRAI) 1990, pp. 356-380. _____ & O. Bopearachchi, “Nashtên, un souverain iranien inconnu entre Grecs et Kouchans,” Studia Iranica 22, 1993, pp. 299-307. _____. “The second of three encounters between Zoroastrianism and Hinduism: plastic influences in Bactria and Sogdiana (2nd - 8th c. A.D.),” G. Lazard and D.R. SarDesai (eds.). James Darmesteter Memorial Lectures, The Asiatic Society of Bombay, 1994, pp. 41-57. _____. J. Mouliérac, “Un modèle de vase rituel de Samarkand décrit par al-Bîrûnî ,” Studia Iranica 24, 1995, pp. 297-300. _____. “Documents sur l'histoire du zoroastrisme en Asie centrale,” Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, section des Sciences Religieuses, Annuaire, figure104, 1995-96, pp. 209212. _____. “Etude de documents sogdiens; II) Documents sur le zoroastrisme en Asie centrale,” Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, section des Sciences Religieuses, Annuaire, t. 105, 1996-97 [1998], pp. 213-217. _____. “La perception du zoroastrisme d'Asie centrale par les cultures étrangères; II) Etude de textes sogdiens,” Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, section des Sciences Religieuses, Annuaire, figure 108, 1999-2000 [2001], pp. 175-180. _____. “Regional interaction in Central Asia and Northwest India in the Kidarite and Hephtalite periods,” Indo-Iranian languages and peoples, ed. N. Sims-Williams (Proceedings of the British Academy, 116), Oxford, 2002, pp. 203-224. _____. “Zoroastre au Badakhshân,” Studia Iranica, 31, 2002, pp. 193-214. _____. “An archaeologist’s approach to Avestan geography,” in Birth of the Persian Empire, ed. V. Sarkoosh Curtis and S. Stewart, Tauris Publishers, London, 2005, pp. 2951. _____. “The cult of the Oxus : a reconsideration,” in Tsentral'naja Azija ot Akhemenidov do Timuridov : arkheologija, istorija, ètnologija, kul'tura (Sankt-Peterburg, 2-5 novembre 2004). Tezisy dokladov, ed. V.P. Nikonorov, Sankt-Peterburg, 2005, pp. 377380.

_____ & E. de la Vaissière) “L’empire kouchan,” Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, section des Sciences historiques et philologiques, Annuaire, 19, 2003-2004, paru 2005, pp. 79-81. _____ & E. de la Vaissière) « L’Asie centrale entre les Kouchans et les Turcs », Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, section des Sciences historiques et philologiques, Annuaire, 20, 2004-2005, paru 2006, pp. 92-95. _____. “L’entrée du paradis est à Samarkand. Les données mythiques de la chronique persane locale,” Studia Asiatica (Bucarest), 6, 2005 [2006], pp. 21-43. _____. & A. ur-Rahman et N. Sims-Williams, “A Hunnish Kushanshah,” Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology, 1, 2006. _____. “Découverte d’un relief sassanide dans le nord de l’Afghanistan,” CRAI 2005 [2006], pp 115-133. _____. “Iconographic and historical comments,” in F. Grenet, J. Lee, Ph. Martinez, J. Lee, After Alexander : Central Asia before Islam, ed. G. Herrmann and J. Cribb, Proceedings of the British Academy, Oxford, 2007, pp. 257-261. _____ & P. Riboud, “A reflection of the Hephtalite empire : the biographical narrative in the reliefs of the tomb of the sabao Wirkak (494-579),” Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 17, 2007, pp. 133-144. _____. “La connaissance des Yashts de l'Avesta en Bactriane et en Sogdiane, d’après les données iconographiques,” Vestnik Drevnej Istorii 1993 n°4, pp. 149-160. _____. “Une nouvelle hypothèse sur la date des reliefs de Xalchajan,” Vestnik Drevnej Istorii 2000 n°2, pp. 130-135. J. de Guignes, Mémoire sur l’origine des Huns et des Turcs, Paris, 1748. Anthony F. P. Hulsewé and Michael Loewe, China in Central Asia. The Early Stage: 125 BC – AD 23, Sinica Leidensia XIV, Leiden, 1979. Gustav Haloun, “Zur Üe-Ts˘i-Frage,” ZDMG 91, 1937, pp. 243-318. János Harmatta, “Late Bactrian Inscriptions,” AAASH 17, 1969, pp. 297-432. Hans Wilhelm Haussig, “Byzantinische Quellen über Mittelasien in ihrer historischen Aussage,” in J. Harmatta, ed., Prolegomena to the Sources on the History of Pre-Islamic Central Asia, Budapest, 1979, pp. 41-60. _____. Die Geschichte Zentralasiens und der Seidenstrasse in vorislamischer Zeit, 2nd ed., Darmstadt, 1992.

Walter Bruno Henning, “Argi and the ‘Tokharians’,” BSO(A)S 9/3, 1938, pp. 545-71. _____. “The Name of the ‘Tocharian’ Language,” Asia Major, N.S. 1/2, 1949, pp. 158– 62. _____. “Surkh-Kotal und Kaniṣka,” ZDMG 115/1, 1965, pp. 75–87. Oskar von Hinüber, Beiträge zur Erklärung der Senavarma-Inschrift, Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Stuttgart 1, 2003. Helmut Humbach (with contributions by Adolf Grohmann), Baktrische Sprachdenkmäler, part 1, Wiesbaden, 1966; part 2, 1967. _____. “The Peroz Hephthalite Coin,” in B. Ya. Staviskiĭ, ed., Buddiĭskie kompleksy v starom Termez, Osnovnye itogi rabot 1978-1989 gg. (“The Buddhist complexes in old Termez. Main results of the work, 1978-89”) Moscow, 1996, pp. 209-12. _____. “Vayu, ›iva und der Spiritus Vivans im ostiranischen Synkretismus,” in Monumentum H. S. Nyberg I, Acta Iranica 4, 1975, pp. 397-408. P. Huyse, Die dreisprachige Inschrift Šābuhrs I. an der Kaʿba-i Zardušt (ŠKZ), Corp. Inscr. Iran. Part III, Vol. I, Texts I, 2 vols., London, 1999. K. R. Jayaswal, “The Statue of Wema Kadphises and Kushan Chronology,” Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society 6, 1920, pp. 12-22, esp. p. 17. G. K. Jenkins, “Indo-Scythic Mints,” Journal of the Numismatic Society of India 17/2, 1955, pp. 1–26. Marcus Junianus Justin, M. Iuniani Iustini Epitoma Historiarum Philippicarum Pompeii Trogi: accedunt prologi in Pompeium Trogum, ed. Otto Seel, Stuttgart: Teubner, 1972. E. Kiessling, “Hunni,” in Pauly-Wissowa, RE VIII/2, cols. 2583-2615. Sten Konow, Kharoshṭhī Inscriptions, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum II/1, Calcutta, 1929. _____. “Kalawan Copper-Plate Inscription of the Year 134,” JRAS, 1932, pp. 949-65. Shushin Kuwayama, “The Hephthalites in Tokharistan and Northwest India,” Zinbun 24, 1989, pp. 89-134. _____. “The Horizon of Begram III and Beyond: A Chronological Interpretation of the Evidence for Monuments in the Kapisa-Kabul-Ghazni Region,” East and West 41/1-4, 1991, pp. 79-120.

_____. “Not Hephthalite but Kapisian Khingal: Identity of the Napki Coins,” in Ex Moneta: Essays on Numismatics, History and Archaeology in honour of Dr. David W. MacDowall, ed. by A. K. Jha and S. Garg, New Delhi 1998, II, pp. 331-49. Lippold, “Hephthalitai,” in Pauly-Wissowa, RE, suppl. XIV, cols. 127-37. Boris A. Litvinsky [Livinskiĭ] and I. R. Pichikiyan [Pichikyan], “The Temple of Oxus,” JRAS, 1981, 2, pp. 133-67. _____. The Hellenistic Temple of the Oxus in Bactria (South Tajikistan) I. Excavations, Architecture, Religious Life, Moscow, 2000 (in Russian, English summary). Otto Maenchen-Helfen, Die Welt der Hunnen (German ed. by R. Göbl), Vienna, Cologne, and Graz, 1978. Josef Markwart, Erānshahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenac’i, Berlin, 1901; repr., Wiesbaden, 1970. G. Moravcsik, Byzantinoturcica, 2 vols., Berlin, 2nd ed., 1958 Michael A. N. Loewe, Crisis and Conflict in Han China, London, 1974 Heinrich Lüders, Mathurā Inscriptions, Göttingen, 1961. Bertille Lyonnet, “Les nomades et la chute du royaume gréco-bactrien: quelques nouveaux indices en provenance de l’Asie centrale orientale. Vers l’identification des Tokhares - Yueh-Chi?” in Paul Bernard and Frantz Grenet, eds., Histoire et cultes de l’Asie Centrale préislamique: sources écrites et documents archéologiques, Paris, 1991, pp. 153-61. David William MacDowall, “The Rabatak Inscription and the Nameless Kushan King,” in Warwick Ball and Leonard Harrow, eds., Cairo to Kabul: Afghan and Islamic Studies Presented to Ralph Pinder-Wilson, London, 2002, pp. 163-69. J. P. Mallory and Victor H. Mair, The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples, London and New York, 2000. André Maricq, “Classica et Orientalia: Res Gestae divi Saporis,” Syria 35, 1958, pp. 297360. John Hubert Marshall, Taxila: An Illustrated Account of Archaeological Excavations Carried out at Taxila... between the Years 1913 and 1934, 3 vols., Cambridge, 1951. Michael Mitchiner, “Some Late Kushano-Sassanian and Early Hephthalite Silver Coins,” East and West 25/1-2, 1975, pp. 157-65.

Gritli von Mitterwallner, Münzen der Späten Kuṣāṇās, des Hunnen Kirada/Kidara und der fruhen Guptas, Munich, 1983. Bratindra Nath Mukherjee, “Shāh-jī-kī-ḍheri Casket Inscription,” British Museum Quarterly 28/1-2, 1964, pp. 39-46. _____. “Kamra Inscription of Vajheshka (Vāsishka),” Indian Museum Bulletin 7/2, 1973, pp. 111-17. K. Narain, The Tokharians : a History without Nation-State Boundaries, Shillong, 2000. Periplus of the Erythraean Sea : Karl Müller, ed., Geographi Graeci Minores I, Paris, 1855, repr., Hildesheim, 1990, pp. 257-305; tr. Wilfred H. Schoff, The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century, New York, 1912. S. Parlato, “La presunta invasione eftalita in India,” in Paolo Daffinà, ed., Indo-SinoTibetica: Studi in onore di Luciano Petech, Studi Orientali 9, Rome, 1990, pp. 257-81. Walter Posch, Baktrien zwischen Griechen und Kuschan. Untersuchungen zu kulturellen und historischen Problemen einer Übergangsphase, mit einem textkritischen Exkurs zum Shiji 123, Wiesbaden, 1995. Edwin G. Pulleyblank, “Chinese and Indo-Europeans,” JRAS, 1966, pp. 9-39. _____. “Why Tocharians?” Journal of Indo-European Studies 23/3-4, 1995, pp. 415-30. V. de Saint-Martin, Les Huns Blancs ou Ephthalites des historiens byzantins, Paris, 1849 Richard Salomon, “The Inscription of Senavarma, King of Odi,” Indo-Iranian Journal 29, 1986, pp. 261-93. Daniel Schlumberger, Marc Le Berre, and Gérard Fussman, Surkh Kotal en Bactriane I: les temples architecture sculpture inscriptions, MDAFA 25, Paris, 1983. Klaus Schippmann, Grundzüge der Geschichte des sasanidischen Reiches, Darmstadt, 1990. Nicholas Sims-Williams, “A New Bactrian Inscription of Kanishka the Great,” pt. 1: “The Rabatak Inscription, Text and Commentary,” Silk Road Art and Archaeology 4, 1995-96, pp. 77-97. _____. “From the Kushan-Shahs to the Arabs. New Bactrian Documents Dated in the Era of the Tochi Insciptions,” in M. Alram and D. Klimburg-Salter, eds., Coins, Art and Chronology. Essays on the pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands, Vienna, 1999, pp. 245-58. N. Sims-Williams, Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan I: Legal and Economic Documents (Studies in the Khalili Collection, III). Oxford 2000.

_____. Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan II: Letters and Buddhist Texts. London, 2007. _____ & Fr. de Blois, “The Bactrian Calendar: New Material and New Suggestions,” in Languages of Iran: Past and Present. Iranian Studies in memoriam David Neil MacKenzie, ed. D. Weber, Wiesbaden, 2005, pp. 185-96. Denis Sinor, ed., The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge, 1990. Vincent A. Smith “The Kushan, or Indo-Scythian Period of Indian History, B.C. 165 to A.D. 320,” JRAS, 1903, pp. 1-64. _____. “Invasion of Panjāb by Ardashīr Bābakān (Bābagān), The First Sasanian King of Persia, A.D. 226-41,” JRAS, 1920, pp. 221-27. _____. Early History of India, 4th ed., Oxford, 1924. David Brainerd Spooner, “Shāh-jīkī-Ḍherī,” in Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report, Simla, 1908-09, pp. 38-59. Bertold Spuler, “Wanderungen der Steppenvölker bis zum 5. Jh. n. Chr.,” in Grosser Historischer Weltatlas I. Erläuterungen, 4th ed., München, 1976, pp. 260-63. Boris J. Staviskij, La Bactriane sous les Kushans: Problèmes d’histoire et de culture, tr. Paul Bernard, M. Burda, and Franz Grenet. Paris, 1986. M. A. Stein, tr., Kalhana’s Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kashmir, Translated, With an Introduction, Commentary, & Appendices, 2 vols., Westminster, 1900; repr. Delhi, 1979. E. A. Thompson, The Huns, rev. P. Heather, Oxford and Cambridge, Mass., 1996. K. Vondrovec,“Die anonymen Clanchefs: Der Beginn der Alchon-Prägung,“ Numismatische Zeitschrift 113/114, 2005, p. 243–258. W. Watson, “Iran and China,” in Camb. Hist. Iran III/1, 1983, pp. 537-47. Robert Werner, “Das früheste Auftreten des Hunnennamens Yüe-chi und Hephthaliten,” Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, N.S. 15, 1967, pp. 487-558. Richard Bertram Whitehead, “A Find of Ephthalite or White Hun Coins,” Journal and Proceedings of Asiatic Society of Bengal, N.S. 9, Numismatic Suppl. 21, 1913, pp. 48183. _____. Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore I. Indo-Greek Coins, Oxford, 1914; repr., Chicago, 1969. Walter Emile van Wijk, “On Dates in the Kanishka Era,” Acta Orientalia 5, 1926, pp. 168-70. Geo Widengren, “Xosrau Anôshurvân, les Hephthalites et les peuples turcs,” Orientala Suecana 1, 1952, pp. 69-94.

M. Yamada, “Huna and Hephtal,” Zinbun 23, 1989, pp. 79-113. E. V. Zeymal, “The Circulation of Coins in Central Asia during the Early Medieval Period (Fifth–Eighth Centuries A.D.),” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 8, 1994, pp. 245-67. _____. “The Kidarite Kingdom in Central Asia,” in Boris A. Litvinsky and Zhang Guang-da, eds., The History of Civilizations in Central Asia III: The Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, Paris, 1996, pp. 119-33.

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