Best Practices: Slips, Trips, and Falls Presenters: Chris Chaffin, Dave Akers, Paul Savage, Janet Nixon

August 31, 2016

Speakers • Chris Chaffin, CSP • David Akers, OHST, CSP • Paul Savage • Janet Nixon

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Who is the DoD SMCX? • DoD-funded, Contractor-operated by Concurrent Technologies Corporation (CTC) since 2006 •

Originally “DoD VPP CX”

• 25+ qualified safety and occupational health professionals • Provides centralized support for all Services in the DoD and other Agencies (such as DLA, DHA, DISA) • Assists Services, Major Commands, and Organizations with assessing/implementing world-class Safety Management Systems (SMS)

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Support Focus • Primary SMCX focus area—OSHA Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) – OSHA’s recognition for an exemplary, world-class Safety & Health Management System • Only 2,182† worksites in U.S. recognized • 56 DoD OSHA VPP Star sites

• Other SMSs are supported – Service-specific SMS • Army Safety & Occupational Health Management System (ASOHMS) • Corps of Engineers Safety & Occupational Health Management System (CEASOHMS) • Air Force SMS (AFSMS) • Department of Navy (DON), as Navy and Marine Corps policies evolve

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ANSI Z-10 OHSAS 18001 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Other as requested

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Per OSHA website (osha.gov) as of June 30, 2016

SMCX Support • On-site Visit Support – Baseline Assessment – Stage Completion/Implementation – Application Readiness Assessment and Recertification Assessment – General/Technical Assistance

• End User Support – Remote Technical Support – Coordination with Government Stakeholders – Facilitate meetings, workshops, conferences, webinars and other forums

• Electronic Tools Hosting and Operations • Available to both CONUS and OCONUS sites

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SMCX Training Opportunities • Information and technical training including: – Webinars – Specialized SMS training

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Implementation and Sustainment training Assessor training Supervisory and employee safety motivational training Internal team-building training e-SMS Tool training Information on other opportunities for education and training

SMCX FY2016 Webinars • • • • • • • • •

Introduction to the SMCX Arc Flash Hazard Reporting and Tracking Systems Delivering Effective Training Confined Spaces Best Practices: Slips, Trips and Falls Reviewing Your OSHA Records Effective Self-Inspection Programs Understanding Your Safety Management System Performance – 9/15/2016 • Handling OSHA Inspections – 9/22/2016 7

Register for Webinars at https://smscx.org/

Objectives • During this presentation, you will learn to: – Define slips, trips, and falls (STFs) – List applicable OSHA standards related to STFs – Describe common hazards associated with STFs – Give examples of best practices related to the prevention of STFs

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Slips, Trips, and Falls Defined

Slip

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Trip

Images retrieved from Bing Images

Fall

General Industry Workplace Statistics • In 2014, STFs accounted for: – 27.4% of injuries and illnesses – 793 fatalities – 316,650 lost days

• STF cases increased by 6.9% between 2013 and 2014 • In 2013, STF contributed to $17.92 billion of direct injury and illness costs

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Images retrieved from Bing Images

STFs Occur Where?

Everywhere!

• Administration areas

• Healthcare facilities

• Manufacturing floors

• Shipyards and Air Fields

• Construction sites

• Parking lots and walkways

• Hospitals

• Break rooms

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Image retrieved from Bing Images

Applicable OSHA Standards • 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D, Walking-Working Surfaces 1910.22 1910.23 1910.24 1910.25-.26 1910.27 1910.28 1910.29 1910.30

General requirements Guarding floor and wall openings/holes Fixed industrial stairs Portable wood/metal ladders Fixed ladders Scaffolding Manual mobile ladders/scaffolds Other working surfaces

• 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M, Fall Protection 12

Common Hazards – Human Factors • Distracted walking • Carrying a load that limits vision • Standing on unstable surfaces or objects • Poor footwear for conditions • Illness • Stress and fatigue • Medications, drugs, or alcohol 13

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Common Hazards – Workplace Hazards • Slippery floors • Sloped walking surfaces • Uneven or unsecured walking surfaces • Transition from one floor type to another • Housekeeping

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Common Hazards – Workplace Hazards • Floor and wall openings and open-sided floors: – Unattended temporary floor openings – Unguarded wall openings where there is a drop of more than 4 feet – Unguarded open-side floors or platforms

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Image retrieved from the OSHA Education Center

Common Hazards – Workplace Hazards • Stairs and ladders: – Damaged or irregular – No handrails on stairways – Poor housekeeping – Improper use of ladders

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Image retrieved from OSHA

Common Hazards – Environmental Conditions • Weather – rain, sleet, ice, snow, hail, fog, frost • Poor housekeeping – wet leaves, pine needles, pine cones • Inadequate or missing signage • Poor lighting or glare

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Causal Factors and Investigation Results • Determine causal factors for the STFs at your facility • Form working groups to analyze trends and develop solutions

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Prevention Best Practices • General solutions • Policy development • Employee involvement • Inspection and selection of mats • Sidewalk and parking lot analysis and repair

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• Stair and ladder maintenance • Floor and wall opening considerations • Winter weather preparation • Employee education

General Solutions • Perform improvements on working/walking surfaces – Replace existing wax with a non-slip wax to increase traction – Add slip resistant mats, flooring, or anti-slip coatings to steps and walking surfaces – Improve drainage

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Image retrieved from the Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industry

General Solutions • Install wall-mounted spill pads • Have high visibility warning signs located in areas that have the potential for wet floors • Provide umbrella bags near entryways

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Images retrieved from OSHA

General Solutions • Exercise good housekeeping practices • Clearly mark changes in elevation or changes in surfaces with paint or other visible markings • Conduct repairs in a timely manner

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Images retrieved from Bing Images and OSHA

Policy Development • Establish workplace policies (e.g., no running, wear proper footwear)

Considerations for the housekeeping program:

• Incorporate STF hazards into inspections

• Use grit strips and walk-off mats for areas with sawdust

• Develop a written housekeeping program

• Create designated walking areas

• Install additional outlets to eliminate cords running across floors and walkways; use highvisibility cord covers when cords do have to run across the floor • Use retractable cord holders • Consider using a 5S or 6S process†

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Employee Involvement • Develop and implement a behavior-based program to mentor and reward employees • Create employee work teams to review STFs and identify potential trends and solutions Eyes on Path Program: Rewards employees for mentoring fellow employees who were not paying attention to where they were walking (e.g., texting, carrying a load)

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Inspection and Selection of Mats • Inspect mats regularly • Replace them when they are worn or damaged • Reposition mats that become misplaced • Buy mats with slipresistant backings • Consider using an extractor on large mats to remove excess moisture 25

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Sidewalks & Parking Lot Analysis & Repair • Repair/replace worn or damaged concrete – Fill overly large cracks with caulking – Use warning cones until permanent repairs can be made

• Repair potholes and use gravel as temporarily fill • Install brightly-colored tire stops in parking lots 26

Image retrieved from Bing Images

Sidewalks & Parking Lot Analysis & Repair • Paint curbs with slipresistant yellow paint • Sweep sidewalks that accrue pebbles and gravel • Trim plants and other overgrown vegetation • Provide parking lot lighting

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Image retrieved from Bing Images

Maintaining Stairs and Ladders • Install traction strips, slipresistant treatment, non-slip nosing, or friction strips • Use visibly contrasting edge treatments • Repair or replace deteriorated stairs • Develop, maintain, and document a ladder inspection and maintenance program 28

Image retrieved from Bing Images

Considerations for Floor and Wall Openings • Document the locations of openings • Ensure adequate controls are in place (e.g., covers, railings, handrails, guards, attendant) • Ensure policies are in place, where needed • Inspect these areas regularly

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Image retrieved from the OSHA NAHB Research Center

Preparing for Winter Weather • Strategically place rock salt for ready access • Clear slush from sidewalks • Use soda bottle salt shakers • Adjust work hours for maintenance crews to clear snow and ice prior to the start of the workday

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Image courtesy of Hill AFB 309 Software Maintenance Group

Preparing for Winter Weather • Place shovels near doorways with a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) • Perform walkway audits after the snow melts • Apply coarse sand on wet areas • Employee involvement

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Image retrieved from Bing Images

Employee Education • Train employees on safety procedures and policies • Present training in an effective manner • Conduct follow-up and refresher training as needed

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Image courtesy of Concurrent Technologies Corporation

Conclusion • During this presentation, you learned to: – Define STFs – List applicable OSHA standards related to STFs – Describe common hazards associated with STFs – Give examples of best practices related to the prevention of STFs

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QUESTIONS?

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Visit the DoD SMCX website: https://smscx.org/ Call the SMCX Hotline: (877) 292-2880 Email: [email protected]