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MISSILE &
SPACE SYSTEMS DIVISION
DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT COMPANY, INC. SANTA
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D« PROCESSOH^/t/' TSL-IIT-IIII
REPORT NO. SM-43II6 STUDY OF TITANIUM ALLOY TANKAGE AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES
5-12-64
Prepared by W. J. Martin T. Metsudo and E. F. Kaluza METALS-CERAMICS BRANCH
0—
DOUG.
Prepared under the Sponsorship of The Douglas Aircraft Company Independent Research and Development Program. Account No. 80295-800
Approved by^
LZ
c
yt+^ljranch Chief :s Branch, MRiPM
Catalog No. POL 39962
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Acknowledgement is extended to TMCA for supplying the experimental materials and for their effort in developing preferred orientation and texture harder.ing data.
ABSTRACT \
A reli»bl« d«$ign for high p«rforMince, light weight tankage for cryoganic liquid propaHants, including liquid hydrogan, is a critical raquiraMant in futura spacecraft.
Accordingly, a project
was initiated to develop titanium pressure vessel fabrication and welding Methods.
Using Ti-6AI-4V and Ti-$AI-2.5Sn alloys and in-
corporating three weld designs, a total of eight 16-inch diameter pressure vessels were manufactured and burst tested at temperatures between ambient and -423fF (-253^0.
In addition, three 30-inch
cylinders of sandwich construction were fabricated and tasted under selected thermal gradients.
The results showed that
resistance or fusion weldw4 Ti-6AI-4y tankage can be manufactured and used at temperatures between ambient temperature and -320rF (-196^0).
Further work is necessary to develop titanium tankage
for liquid hydrogen applications.
The compressive strengths of
sandwich cylinders varied vary little within the range of the thermal gradients investigated.
Information on the fabrication
and testing methods as applied to titanium tankage is presented in this report.
The possible causes of premature failure at
-423 Argon Gas; Dow Point= -100 F or Bettor ♦ H, A = 75f Helium, 251 Argon; Dew Point« -l00oF or Better* (I)
S*>*? Appendix ID for dfftai led description
• - l00oF --73.3ÜC
23
•
TABLE II RESISTANCE HELD SETTINGS FOR 16" DIA. TITANIUM PRESSURE VESSELS
I
I
RgsiSTAMCg Heat Setting M«ld FW Shift % M«ld V«rni«r I Top Pr«s. Gauge Back Pres. Gauge Constant Pressure Heat (Cycles) Weld Interval (Impulses) Coo I(Cycles) Saueeze (Cycles)
Forge Initiation Hold Cycles Distance Between Arms At Welding Position (In.) Throat Depth (In.) Or i ve Forge (Cycles) Seam Weld Motor Speed R.P.M. Inches/Min. Motor Run Time (Cycles) Spots Per Inch I Overlap Electrode Alloy (Top) Dia. of EIectrode(Top),(Bottom) Radius of Electrode (Top) Electrode Alloy (Bottom) Radius of Electrode (Bottom) Thickness of Wheels Phase Operation Argon Shielding (CFH)
24
T LAP
1
RESISTAra - Btfn STRAP
26 20 6.0
30 20 8.0
2.500 1.000
2,500 1.000
Yas 6 2 .5 30
Yes 6 2 .5 30
Boginning of Weld
Beginning of Weld
30
30
3 3/4
3 3/4
51
51
Intermi ttent
Intermittent
50 54
50 54
3 1/2
3 1/2
22 7 50* M3
22 8 sojr M3
I3M, 9 l^"
I3H( 9 1/4"
12 M3 6M
12 M3 6"
3/4"
3/4"
3C 12
30 12
TABLE III ROLL SEAM RESISTANCE WELD STRENGTH OF .050 GAGE Ti-6AI-4V SHEET AT -4230F (-?530r)
WFLH DESIGN
CLEANING ^€THCOS
WELD STRENGTH (PSD*
Lap
Wi re Brush, Shielded
204, 100 199,800 201.400 200,800 192,800
Lap
Wire Brusn, No Shielding
198,400 191,900 167,000
Butt-Strap
Wire Lruzh, No Shjpldino
197,800 220,500 234,700 185,300 194,700
Butt-Strap
Wire Brush, Shielded
233,800 24 1,700 226,500
Lap
Pickled, Shielded
192,500 203, 100
Lap
Pickled, No Shielding
189, 100 189, 100
Butt-Strap
Pickled, Shielded
225,100 243, 500 243,300 238,500 244,500
Butt Strap
Pickled, No Shielding
258,000 236, 100 226,800
♦ Tested in the transverse direction with respect to weld direction, All specimens failed adjacent to the weld nugget.
25
TABLE IV FUSION BUTMCLD STRENGTH OF .050 GAGE Ti-6AI-4V SHEET AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES (NO FILLER)
TEST TEMPERATURE R.T.
-100^ (-73.30C)
NELD STRENGTH (PSD« 147.900 151.100 150.400 145.400 145,600 147.700 (Averaflfi) 165,300 168.200 168,200 164.300
167.700
FAILURE LOCATION« PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM
166.700 (Avara^) -320oF (-I960C)
214,200 214.700 192.200 212,600
iiajn
PM PM PM PM PM
209,200 (Average) -AZS^ (-2530C)
249.000 247,900 223,100 248,500 248,900 242,200 251.900 254.900 253,200 243,800 251.600 238,100 236,360
a?. 360
PM/HA2 PM PM/HAZ PM PM PM PM/HAZ PM/HAZ PM PM PM PM/HAZ PM/HAZ PM/HAZ
244,800 (Average) • Tested in the transverse direction with respect to weld direction •• PM « Parent Metal, HAZ - Heat Affected Zone
26
TABLE
>
V
ROLL-SEAM RESISTANCE LAP-WELD STRENGTH OF .050 GAGE Ti-6AI-4V SHEET AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES
TEST TEMPERATURE
R.T.
WELD STRENGTH (PSI) ♦
FAILURE LOCATION«*
146,800 148,000 147,400 (Average)
-100^ (-73.30C)
167,700 165,400
PM PM
166,600 (Average) -320oF (-I960C)
214,300 212,200 213,200 (Average ]
-4230F (-2530C)
206.800
198,000 209,900 211,100 228,600 225,200
PM PM PM, Weld PM, Weld
213,300 (Average)
♦ Tested in the transverse direction with respect to weld direction. •• PM = Poront MeraI
27
.
TABLE
VI
ROLL-SCAM RESISTANCE BUTT-STRAP WELD STREMOTM .050 GAGE Ti-6AI-4V SHEET AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES
TEST TEMPERATURE
R.T.
WELD STRENGTH (PSD*
144,800 144,200 140,100 144.400
FAILURE LOCATION
PM«H» PM PM
l43,400(Average)
-100^ (-TS.S^)
166.400 160.700 158,900 I6f»,500 164,300
m
l631500(Averaro) —
-320oF (-I960C)
214,500 213,200 213. 800( Average)
-4230F (-2530F)
233,800 241.700 226,500
HAZ HAZ HAZ
234,400 (Aver age)
#
Tostad in th« transverse direct I on with respoct to v.eld direction
•■ Parent Metal Heat Affected Zone
26
TABLE VII
UN I AX I AL TEST RESULTS ÖM-4V TITANIUM ALLOY (FILLER-FUSION)»
TEST TEMPERATURE
-423^ (-2530C)
FA I Ll*E STRESS(PS I)♦♦
269,705 261.620 263.400 262. 160
FAILURE«»* LOCATION
PM PM PM PM/HAZ
SOAK TIME
30 5 10 10
Min. Min. Min. Min.
262.800 (AVERAGE)
* TIG weld using comnercially pure fi Iler wire •• Tested in the transverse direction with respect to weld direction PM = Perent Mete! HAZ ■ Heat Affected Zone
29
I*
I
ff?
oc
3 ZZZZZZZi
a
m
N)NJN)rO— NIMV*^ — — rOOilsJO«O rvt
L
APFEJCIX 2A
DEFLECTION GAUGE CALIBRATION DATA POINT NO
•ACTUAL DEFLECTION INCHES
••RECORDER DEFLECTION INCHES
0
?
0 160
99
3
360
??1
4
554 ;34
3 39 4 59
898
567
730
I.M
8
538
3 39
9
35?
10 11
165 0
127 109
1?
0
0
13
IB;
113
14
379
2?8
15
558
3 3?
16
756 906
4 58
1
5 6 ;
17
0?
5 58
THESE MEASUREMENTS «ERE MADE AT THE GAUGE USING A DIAL INDICATOR «ITH 001 INCH INCREMENTS THESE MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE WITH AN L&N STRIP CHART RECORDER S N B6? 75150-3?
70
n
o
1
.
o
—
1
p sj
GAUGE DEFLECTION - INCHES I ■»AM»! r>
1
1
■«
1
%
\
\
C3
\ \ «^ \ > »VJ
\
o
V
O
2
—1
o z >
\
»VJ
^
03 33
o
f—
1
X
» |
6 X
il
>
V
w
\
■v
\
o
*
3
\
1
< 5 • I! ig
\
B
d r—
n
o
o z Eo-
K
\
3
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*
o
\
0°
\ \
'V
.
?■
»
APPENDIX 20 TANK PRESSIFE htC DtFLECTION DATA AT VARIOUS BURST TEST POIMTS (ELAPSED TIME) FOR PRESSURE VESSEL TI-IA - TESTED AT -320oF (-I960C)
U|NK
TEST POINT
NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 •21
TRACE DEFLECTION INCHES 1.63 2.19 2.51 2.78 3.11
3.41 3.67 3.91 4. 10 4.27 4.42 4.54 4.64 4.79 5.16 5.99 6.18 6.55 6.72 6.86 6.89
PtftflLRC
PRESS PSIG
CORRECTED PRESS. PSIG
345 464 531 386 656 722 777 828 868 904 936 961 982
350 469 536 593 668 732 787 838 878 9.4 951 976 997
1014 1092 1183 1308 1387 1423 1492 1499
1029 1107 1203 1326 1407 1443 1472 1479
ELAPSED TIME.SFC.»» TANK OtFLFCTION TANK TRACE STRAIN DEFLECTION IN/IN INCHES
.37 .57 .73 .84 .96 1.08
i.ie 1.27 1.35 1.40 1.46 1.51 1.55 1.56 1.70 1.84 2.03 2.21 2.32 2.60 2.i7
• Point «t which tank burst • Chart Sp**d on L 4 N R«cord«r was 2.5 Inchas/aln.
.060 .092 .118 .135 .155 .174 .190 .205 .218 .226 .235 .243 .250 .255 .274 .296 .327 .356 .374 .419 .430
31.0 38.3 43.1 47.9 55.1 62.3 69.5 76.7 83.9 91.1 98.3 105.5 112.7 117.5 122.3 129.5 136.7 141.5 143.9 146.3 147.3
