Bearing (Flowering) Habits of Fruit Trees

Fruit tree types according to flower types (Tree sexuality)

Staminate: Tree with staminate flowers only. Pistillate: Tree with pistillate flowers only. Hermaphroditic (Synoecious): Tree with all flowers perfect. Monoecious: staminate and pistillate flowers on same tree. Dioecious: staminate and pistillate flowers on separate trees. Polygamous: Tree with perfect and imperfect flowers. Andromonoecious: Tree with staminate and perfect flowers. Gynomonoecious: Tree with pistillate and perfect flowers.

Bud position Axillary bud: born laterally at axils of the leaves Apical bud: born terminally on tips of the shoots

Bud Types: Simple: Which developed to vegetative organs (shoot and leaves) or reproductive organs (flower or inflorescences) Mixed: Which developed to vegetative and reproductive organs Compound: there are primary, secondary and tertiary buds in the same eye. The primary developed to vegetative and reproductive organs

Shoot types One year old shoot (1-year old shoot): shoot grew the previous season Current growth: shoot grow this season Fruit spurs: very short stem upon which flowers and fruit develop

Pome Fruits: Apple, Pear, Quince, Loquat

Apple: Malus domestica

Pear: European pear: Pyrus communis L. Asian pear: Pyrus pyrifolia Bum. Quince : Cydonia oblonga Mill. Loquat : Eriobotrya japonica L

Family: Rosaceae Tree sexuality: Synoecious Flower bud: mixed Fruit: pome Flower buds: Apple and Pear: it developed terminally on 1- year old shoot and spurs and rarely laterally on 1- year old shoot. The bud developed to inflorescence Quince: it developed laterally and terminally on 1-year-old shoot. Flowers are solitary (each bud produce 1 flower). Loquat: it developed terminally on 1-year-old shoot. The bud developed to inflorescence

Stone Fruits: Almond, Apricot, Cherry ,Plum, and Peach and Nectarine.

Peach and Nectarine: Prunus persica L (nectarina)

Almond: Amygdalus communis

Plum:

European plum, Prunus domestica L. Japanese plum, Prunus salicina L.

Apricote: Prunus armeniaca L.

Cherry :

Sweet cherry Prunus avium L. Sour cherry Prunus cerasus L.

Family: Rosaceae Tree sexuality: Synoecious Flower bud: Simple Fruit: drupe Flower bud:

Almond, Apricot, Cherries and Plum: it develops laterally on 1- year old shoot and spurs

Peach and Nectarine: it develops laterally on one year old shoot

Nut trees

Walnut Persian walnut: Juglans regia L., the major species Black walnut or American walnut: Juglans nigra L. Family: Juglandaceae Tree sexuality: Monoecious. Flower bud Male: It is simple and developed laterally on 1-year old shoot, the bud developed to inflorescences. Female: It is mixed and developed terminally and/or laterally on one year old shoot, the bud developed to shoot at the end developed inflorescence. Fruit: nut

Pistachio: Pistacia vera L. Family :Anacardiaceae Tree sexuality: dioecious. Flower bud: Male and Female buds are simple and developed laterally on one year old shoot, the bud developed to inflorescences. Fruit: nut

Other Fruit Trees

Olive: Olea europea Family: Oleaceae Tree sexuality: polygamous (andromonoecious)

Flower bud is simple developed laterally on one year old shoot to inflorescence. Fruit: drupe

Grape: European or Asian grape Vitis vinifera L. American grape Vitis labrusca L. Family: Vitaceae Tree sexuality: Vinifera - polygamous Flower bud is compound and developed laterally on 1-year old shoot (cane), the primary bud developed to shoot with leaves, tendrils and inflorescences Fruit: Berry

Common Fig: Ficus carica L. Family: Moraceae Tree sexuality: Pistillate Flower bud:

First crop: Flower bud is simple and developed laterally on 1-year old shoot. Second crop: Flower bud is simple and developed laterally on current growth. Fruit: Multiple (syconium), it developed from the entire inflorescence, including flowers and peduncle, the flowers inside the peduncle.

Mulberry: Morus spp .L. Family :Moraceae Tree sexuality: Monoecious or dioecious. Flower bud: Male - It is simple and developed laterally on 1- year old shoot, the bud developed to catkin inflorescences. Female: It is mixed and developed laterally on 1- year old shoot, the bud developed to shoot, at the axils of the leaves developed catkin inflorescences Fruit: Multiple (syncarp), it developed from the entire inflorescence, including flowers and peduncle, the flowers outside the peduncle.

Pomegranate: Punica granatum L Family: Punicaceae Tree sexuality: hermaphrodite Flower bud is simple and developed laterally and terminally on 1-year old shoot the bud developed to single flower Fruit: Berry

Suggested questions 1. Which of the following fruit trees belongs to Moraceae family a. Fig c. Olive b. Apple d. Apricot 2. Which of the following fruit trees bear flower bud terminally on one year old shoot a. Grape c. Quince b. Apricot d. Pistachio 3. Which of the following fruit trees has mixed flower bud a. Pear c. Walnut b. Loquat d. All of the above 4. Amygdalus communis refer to the following fruit tree a. Plum c. Apricot b. Almond d. Cherry 5. ----------------------- has perfect and staminate flowers on the same tree a. Hermaphroditic c. Andromonoecious b. Monoecious d. Gynomonoecious 6. ------------------------- has staminate and pistillate flowers on separate trees a. Hermaphroditic c. Andromonoecious b. Monoecious d. Dioecious 7. Which of the following is hermaphrodite species a. Date palm c. Olive b. Apple d. Fig 8. Which of the followings is Dioecious species a. Walnut c. Loquat b. Olive d. Date palm 9. Which of the following trees do not produce fruit on spur shoots a. Apricot and almond c. Plum and cherry b. Apple and pear d. Olive and fig 10.Which of the following is NOT a family of important fruit tree species a. Rosaceae c. Solanaceae b. Moraceae d. Anacardiaceae 11.Pome fruits do NOT include a. Pear c. Quinces b. Apricot d. Apple 12.Which of the following best describes the contents of a mixed bud a. Male and female flowers c. Nodes and tendrils b. Vegetative and reproductive d. Multiple buds 13.A spur shoot differs from a long shoot because a. Spur shoots bear buds in leaf axils; long c. Spur shoots have just one internode; shoots do not. long shoots have many b. Spur shoots have shorter internodes than d. a+b long shoots 14.Nut fruits do NOT include a. Walnuts c. Pistachio b. Olive d. Non of the above 15.Which of the following fruit trees has compound flower bud a. Pear c. Walnut b. Loquat d. Grape 16.Juglandaceae family include a. Pistachio c. Walnut

b. Mulberry d. Pomegranate 17.mixed flower buds are present in a. Almond c. Apple b. Peach d. Olive 18.The scientific name of walnut tree is a. Vitis vinifera c. Olea europea b. Juglans regia d. Prunus armeniaca 19.The flower buds are simple and develop laterally on 1- year old shoot and spurs, this sentence describe the bearing habits of ----------------------------a. Apricot c. Almond b. Cherry d. All of the above 20.The female flower buds are mixed and develop terminally and/or laterally on one year old shoot, and the bud developed to shoot at the end developed inflorescence. This sentence describe the bearing habits of -------------------------a. Walnut c. Mulberry b. Pomegranate d. Pistachio 21.In apple, the flower bud developed to shoot with ----------------------a. Leaves and inflorescence c. Tendrils and inflorescences b. Leaves and tendrils d. Leaves, tendrils and inflorescences 22.Syncarp refer to fruit of a. Mulberry c. Figs b. Pomegranate d. Grape 23.The fruit of fig is a. Berry c. Multiple b. Aggregate d. Hesperidium 24.In grape, the flower bud developed to shoot with ----------------------a. Leaves and inflorescences c. Tendrils and inflorescences b. Leaves and tendrils d. Leaves, tendrils and inflorescences