BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICER REASONING ABILITY BLOOD RELATIONSHIP Problems of this type involves analysis of certain blood relations and then interpreting certain relations on the basis of the given informations. In solving such questions the candidate must be familier with blood relations in a family. The following chart would prove immensely beneficial to the candidates for solving such questions:

Some simple questions are given below.

Mother's or Father's son:Brother.

Method :

Mother's or Father's daughter : Sister

Mother's or Father's mother : Grandmother

Such questions can be easily solved by adopting a method of 'backtracking', ie, starting from the last information and proceed backward. For example, if it is given that he is the son of the mother of my grandfather's daughter.

Mother's or Father's Father : Grand father.

Solution to E.g.1:

Son's Wife : Daughter-in-law

Only Daughter of women's f ather  women itself

Mother's or Father's brother : Uncle Mother's of Father's sister : Aunt

Daughter's husband : Son-in-law. Husband's or Wife's brother : Brother -in-law Husband's or Wife's sister : Sister-in-law. Brother's or Sister's Son : Nephew Brother's or sister's Daughter : Niece. Uncle or aunts son or daughter : Cousin. Sister's husband : Brother-in-law Brother's wife : Sister-in-law Grand father's only son : Father Grand mother's only son : Father Grand father's son : Father or Uncle.

E.g.1 : Pointing to a person, a man said to a women, 'His mother is the only daughter of your father'', How was the women related to the person? (1)Aunt (2)Mother (3) Wife (4) Daughter (5) None of these.

The persons mother is the woman itself Hence, the women is the person's mother So, answer is (2). E.G.2 : Directions (Qs.1-3) : Read the following information carefully and answer the questions that follow: In a family, there are six members A, B, C, D, E, and F. A and B are a married couple, A being the male member. D is the only son of C, who is the brother of A. E is the sister of D. B is the daughter-in-law of F, whose husband has died. 1.

How is F related to A?

Grand mother's Son : Father or Uncle.

1) Mother

(2) Sister-in-law

Grand father's only daughter-in-law : Mother

(3) Sister

(4) Mother-in-law

Grand mother's only daughter-in-law : Mother

(5) None of these

Great Nephew and Niece : The grandson and granddaughter respectively of one's own or one's spoure's (partner) brother or sister. Aunt : Grandparent's sister or grandparent's brother's wife. Uncle : Grandparent's brother or grandparent's sister's husband.

2.

How is E related to C? (1) Sister

(2) Daughter

(3) Cousin

(4) Mother

(5) None of these

3.

Who is C to B ? (1) Brother (3) Son-n-law (5) None of these

(iv) (2) Brother-in-law (4) Nephew

Paints to be Noted :

Suggested Method for questions like E.g. 2: In questions of this type, what is required is to establish the relationships among the members of a whole family and not between two persons as in E.g. 1. such question can be easily solved by drawing a family tree dragram. Drawing a family tree. (a)

Vertical or diagonal lines should be used to represent parent-child relationships.

(b)

A double horizontal line ( like ) should be used to represent marriages.

(c)

a dashed line should be used to represent brother or sister relationships.

(d)

Put a + sign before someone who is a male and a - sign before some one who is a female. Whenever something is not known put a? mark or some symber (x, y, z, @, $ ......)

(e)

For example, consider the following diagram +A-------B(-) D (+)

F (?)

C and G are a couple, C is the husband and G is the wife. They have one child H whose sex is not known

+(E)--------G(-)C(+)

(i)

It is advisable to being with a sentence that gives information about parent-child relationship. Grandfather-grandmother relationships and brother-sister relatioships should be touched later.

(ii)

Try your best that you do not draw a new diagram for every new information that you read. Instead, try to 'add' to the existing diagram on reading a new information.

Solution to E.g.2: We start with the 3rd sentence, since it given a parent-child relationship. The diagram is: A (?)--------------C(+) [D is the only son of C who is the brother of A] D (+) Now, we should look for a sentence that given information about A or C or D, The second sentence is appropriate. Incorporating it into the diagram, we have B(-)A(+)------C(+) [Aand B are married couple, A being the male member.]

H (?) The above diagram tells as that (i) B and D are a couple, D is the husband while B is the wife. (ii) (iii)

B has a brother A. The couple, B and D have three children F, E and G. (Note : Apart from vertical or diagonal lines, son or daughter are also easily established if two persons are connected be dashed lines. Also Note that E is the brother of F even though there is no dashed line, but they have the same root.) Of three children E is male, G is female, but the sex of F is not known.

D (+) Now, we incorporate the fourth sentence: B(-) A(+)----C(+) [E is the sister of D] D(+)

E (-)

Finally, we incorporate the last sentence. Note that F must be a female because her husband has died. [One who has/had a husband must be a female.]

F(-)

Solution to E.g.3: [ B is the daughterin-law of F, whose husband has died]

The sentence (e) is based on parent-child relationship. Hence, begin with (e)

B(-)A(+)--------C(-)

B(-,?) [B is the mother of F and E ]

D(+)

E(-)

1.(1) 2. (2) 3. (2) E.g.3 : Directions : Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it: (a)

There is a group of six persons A, B, C, D, E and F in a family, They are Psychologist, Manager, Lawyer, Jeweller, Doctor and Engineer.

(b)

The doctor is the grandfather of F who is a psychologist

c)

The manager D is married to A.

d)

C, the Jeweller is married to the lawyer.

e)

B is the mother of F and E.

f)

There are two married couples in the family.

1.

What is the profession of E ?

F(?, ?) (b)

E (?, ?)

given the information that F is a psychologist. Note that if the doctor is the grandfather of F and if B is the mother of F. Then B must be the daughter-in-law of the doctor. The diagram becomes. ? (+, Doc) ?B(-, ? )

F(? Psy)

E (? ?)

From (c), D(?,Man)

A (? ?)

From (d), C (?, Jew ) ? (?, Law) Hence B must be the lawyer. Hence we have; A(+,Doc) D(-,Man)

(1) Doctor (2) Jeweller (3) Manager (4) Psychologist (5) None of these. 2.

How is A related to E ?

C(_,Jew) B (-,Law)

(1) Brother (2) Uncle (3) Father (4) Grandfather (5) None of these. 3.

How many male members are there in the family ? (1) One (2) Three (3) Four (4) Two (5) Can't be determined.

SUGGESTED METHOD : Same as that for solving problems on blood relations (ie, of the type E.g.2 ). While making the family tree, the professions of each individual should be incorporated below their names in addition to their sex. For example, A means a is male and an Engineer. (+, Eng)

F (?, Psy )

E (?, Eng)

Hence the answers are :1. (5)

2. (4)

3. (5)

E.g.4:- (i) 'A*B' means 'A is sister of B' (ii) 'A0B' means 'B is mother of A' (iii) 'A+B' means 'A is brother of B' (iv) 'A=B' means 'B is father of A'. Which of the following means 'M is maternal

uncle of N'?

3) brother-in-law 5) son-in-law.

1) M+P+Q*N 2) N+P=Q*M 3) NOP*M+Q 4) N*POQ*M 5) None of these

6.

Solution :Maternal uncle' = Mother's brother. So 0 (mother) and '+' (brother) signs must be used. The only one choice of in which both the signs are used is N0P*M+Q. N0P*M+Q

7.

8.

So the answer is (3). Exercises. 1.

Painting to kedar, Veena said " His mother's brother is the father of my son Nithin". How is kedar related to Veena ?

9.

Pointing to a person in a photograph, lady said, "His sister is the daughter of my father's son's mother." how is the person related to the lady ? 1) Sister 4) Father

3.

10.

Directions (Q.11-13): Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it:.

1) Brother 2) Father 3) Uncle 4) Grandfather 5) Cousin 5.

Poiting to a man, a woman said,"He is the brother-in-law of the only son-inlaw of my mother's husband." How is the man related to the women ? 1) brother

2) husband

Pointing to a women standing at the bus stop a man says, " She is the sister-inlaw of the son of my grandfather's daughter-in-law". How is the women related to the man ? 1) daughter-in-law 2) Wife 3) wife or sister-in-law 4) sister-in-law 5) sister.

2) Niece 3) mother 5) None of these.

Pointing to a man, Radhika said," His sister is my daughter's brother's mother". How is the man related to Radhika ?

Pointing to a women in a photograph a man says, " she is the mother of the father of my wife's only son" How is the women related to the man in the Photograph? 1) mother 2) wife 3) daughter-in-law 4) Mother-in-law 5) Can't say.

Pointing to a photograph, Shanti said, " she is the mother of my brother's uncle's son" How is shanti related to the person in the photograph ? 1) Aunt 4) daughter

4.

2) Brother 3) Nephew 5) None of these.

Pointing to a photograph Ramesh said, " she is the wife of my grandfather's only son." How is the person in the photograph related to Ramesh ? 1) Daughter 2) Wife 3) Sister 4) Mother 5) None of these.

(1) Niece (2) Aunt (3) Nephew (4) Sister-in-law (5) None of these. 2.

Pointing to a woman, a man says,"she is the mother of my son-in-law's brother's only sister-in-law". How is the woman related to the man ? 1) mother 2) wife 3) sister 4) mother-in-law 5) sister-in-law.

P is the mother of N, M is the brother of p.

M is the maternal uncle of N.

Pointing to a gentleman, Deepak said "His only brother is the father of my daughter's father". How is the gentlemen related to Deepak / 1) Father 2) Grandfather 3) Uncle 4) Brother-in-law 5) None of these

==> P is the mother of N, P is the sister of M is the brother of Q ==>

4) sun

11.

A + B means A is the sister of B. A - B means A is the father of B. A x B means A is the brother of B. A/B means A is the mother of B. If K / L + M x N, then K is N's 1) aunt 2) uncle 3) great-aunt 4) grandmother 5) None of these.

12.

If K + L - M x N / P, the K is P's

19.

1) great-aunt 2) grandmother 3) mother 4) sister 5) None of these 13.

14.

1) P/R+SxT-UxQ 2) P/R+S+T/Q 3) P/R+S/B+KxL-Q 4) P/R+S-T+QxU 5) None of these.

Which of the following shows that C is the maternal grandfather of F ? 1) C + D- E/F 2)CxD-E+F 3) CxD+E-F 4) C-D/ExF 5) None of these

20.

If A*B means A is the sister of B, A @ B means A is the father of B, A* B means A is the brother of B, which of the following means X is the aunt of Y ? 1) X@ D@Y 2) X*D*Y 3) X*D*Y 4) X*D*Y 5) None of these.

Direction question (15-17) : Read the information and answer the questions given below?

16.

If PxQ-S, which of the following is true ?

21.

K is the brother of N and X. Y is the mother of N, and Z is the father of K which of the following statements is not definitely true? 1) K is the son of Z. 2) Y is the wife of Z 3) K is the son of Y 4) K is the father of X 5) N is the brother of X. A party consists of grandmother, father, mother, four sons and their wifes and one son and two daughters of each of the sons. How many females are there in all?

If T-SxB-M, which of the following is not true/

1) 14 2) 16 5) None of these.

If ZxT-SxU+P, which is U to Z ?

22.

3)18

4)24

Directions (Q.23-27): Read the set of informations given below carefully and then answer the subsequent questions : I.

1) Mother 2) Grandmother 3) Father 4) Can't be determined 5) None of these.

There is a group of seven persons in a family, A,B,C,D,E,F and G. They all appeared in an I.Q. test to test their intelligence.

II.

There are two married couples in the family and three females in total.

A + B means A is father of B.

III.

G,a female, is the most intelligent.

AxB means A is husband of B.

IV.

B, the father of E, is more intelligent than his son.

V.

C has one son and one daughter. She is more intelligent than her husband.

VI.

The father of B is more intelligent than B himself.

VII.

E, the grandson of F, is the least intelligent. F, the grandfather, is the second most intelligent in the family.

Directions (Qs. 18-19) : Read the information to answer the following questions :

A-B means A is sister of B. A/B means A is wife of B. 18.

2) son 3) grandson 5) brother-in-law

1) S is wife of Q 2) S is father of P 3) P is daughter of Q4) Q is father of P 5) None of these.

1) B is mother of S 2) M is husband of B 3) S is daughter of B 4) T is wife of S 5) S is son of B. 17.

A women walking with a boy meets another women and on being asked about her relationship with the boy. She says, " My maternal Uncle and his meternal uncle's meternal uncle's are brothers'. How is the boy related to the women? 1) Nephew 4) husband

A + B means A is the daughter of B; AxB means A is the son of B and A - B means A is the wife of B. 15.

Which of the following means P is the grandmother of Q ?

Which of the following means P has a blood relationship with Q ? 1) R/P+KxL-M+Q 3) R/P+LxM-N+Q 5) None of these.

2)R/P+K/L+Q-M 4) R/P+K/L+Q+M

VIII.

The mother of B is less intelligent than B.

IX.

None among the maried toped the I.Q.test.

X.

The grandmother of G has two sons, one of whom is D, who is more intelligent than her brother but less intelligent than his wife.

XI.

Nobody is a widow or a widower in the family.

Now Answer the following questions:

23.

Who among them is a married couple?

28.

1) AF 2) AE 5) None of these 24.

3) AC

Her husband is the oldest of the seven. 5)

The youngest of the group is a female. She does not teach and she is not a housewife.

6)

The individual ages of the Professor, the Doctor and the Manager are more than the average age of the whole group.

7)

The Doctor and Manager are not the oldest of the group.

4) AD

1) Teacher - Professor 2) Teacher - Chemist 3) Teacher - Manager 4) Can't be said 5) None of these

How is G related to D ? 1) Cousin 2) Daughter 3) daughter - in- law 4) niece 5) None of these

25.

Who is third most intelligent in the family? 1) C 2) D 5) Can't say

26.

29.

daughter-in-law and mother-in-law daughter-in-law and father-in-law sisters-in-law mother and daughter Can't say

30.

3) C

31.

1)

There is a group of seven persons seated around a table.

2)

Their professions are: Housewife, Doctor, Engineer, Teacher, Chemist, Manager, Professor respectively.

3)

There are three females including the housewife. The Engineer is not a female.

4)

Two of them are husband-wife. The profession of the wife is teaching.

Who among the following is not a female?

What are the sexes of the doctor and the manager? 1) Male and male 2) Male and Female 3) Female and Female 4) Female and Male 5) Can't said

4) A

Directions ( Q 28 - 32 ): Read the information below and answer the questions that follow:

2) Doctor 4) Can't said

1) Teacher 2) Housewife 3) Chemist 4) Can't said 5) None of these

Who among the following is not the same generation as others? 1) D 2) B 5) Can't say

Who among the following is only younger than the oldest? 1) Manager 3) Manager or Doctor 5) None of these

4) B

How are C and A related ? 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

27.

3) A

Who among the following is the married couple?

32.

Who is the youngest of the group? 1) Chemist 2) Doctor 3) Engineer 4) Can't said 5) None of these

Answers 1. (3); Kedar's mother's brother Kedar's uncle. Father of Veena's son Nithin Veena's Husband. Hence, Kedar's Uncle is Veen's husband. Kedar is Veena's Nephew. 2. (2) Lady's father's son's mother Lady's mother

Lady's mother's daughter

Questions (15-17)

Lady or lady's sister.

15 (2) PxQ-S means P is the son of Q who is the wife of S

Hence, person in the photograph is the brother of the lady. 3(1)

Shanti's brother's uncle's son Shanti's cousin Hence, the lady in the photograph is shati's aunt.

4(1)

16 (3) T-SxB-M means T is the wife of S who is the son of B who is the wife of M ie, T is the wife of the son of M (father)

Radhika's daughter's brother's mother

ie, T is the daughter-in-law of M

Radhika herself.

But as this is not given in the choice, so the fact in (3) derived from SxB is true.

Man's sister is Radhika herself

17 (2)ZxT-SxU means Z is the son of T who is the wife of S who is the son of U. ie, Z is the son of S who is the son of U.

Man is the brother of Radhika. 5(1)

ie, P is the son of S or S is the father of P.

Women mother's husband Women's father Only son-in-law of women's father Women's husband

Questions 18-19)

Women's husband's brother-in-law Women's brother. 6 (3)

7 (2)

8 (4)

9 (1)

10 (3);Man's grandfather's daughter-in-law Man's mother or aunt. Son of man's mother or aunt Man himself or man's cousin Hence, the lady is man's sister-in-law or man's cousins sister-in-law (Many or may not be man's wife). But, since there is such a choice (3), it must be the answer. (Questions 11-13 ): 11 (5) K is N's brothers sister's mother k is N's mother. 12 (3) K is P's mother's brother's father's sister K is P's mother's father's sister. K is P's mother's aunt K is P's grant-aunt ie, X*D*Y 13 (4)

14 (1)

ie, Z is the grandson or U is the grandmother (since,U+P=U daughter of P) From the choice (2) is true. 18. (5) Out of the choices look for the choice in which the signs '/' and 'x', ie, 'wife of' and husband of' are not there between P and Q. Since the inclusion of these do not make it a blood relationship in this case, since there are no signs for brother-inlaw, sister-in-law etc. Hence the answer is (5) 19.(4) Grandmother, ie, mother's mother or father's mother Hence there are four possibilities, P can be Q's mother's mother P can be Q's mother's father's wife. P can be Q's father's mother. P can be Q's father's father's wife. Hence the answer is P/R+S-T+QxU Since, there is no sign for mother, and father's sign comes twice. 20(2); Boys maternal uncle willbe brother of boy's mother. Maternal uncle of mother's brother and maternals uncle of lady are brothers means lady is sister to mother's brother ie, lady is the mother of the boy. So the boy is women's son. 21. (5); K is the brother of N and X. So, Y who is the mother of N, and Z, who is the father

of K, will be the mother and father of all the three. However, it is not mentioned whether N is a male or female. So, the statements cannot be definitely true. 22.(1);Grandmother is one female, mother is another, wives of four sons are the four females and two daughters of all four sons are eight females. So, in all there are 1+1+4+8=14 females. Questions (23-27) Let us sort out the data (leaving aside the I.Q.part for the being) in a systematic way: I.

II.

We note that there are three females. Now, C is female, G is female while B,F E and D are all males. It implies that the third female is A. Now, since G is the most intelligent and since none of the married topped the I.Q. test, it implies that G is unmarried. It means that both A and C are married because there are two married couples (hence two married females.)

III.

The grandmother of G has two sons. So the grandmother cannot be C because C has 'one son and one daughter' too. It implies that A is the grandmother.

IV

Since F is a grandfather and Since A is grandmother and since none in the family is a widow or a widower, A and F must be a couple. On the same logic, since B is a father and since C is a mother, B and C must be a couple.

V.

The son of C is E, who is the grandson of F. The granddaughter is G, whose grandmother A has two sons: one, her own father B and the other, D. The family-tree can be easily constructed as shown below. F(+)==A(-) D(+)==B(+)==C(-) E(+) G(-)

+means male -means female. Also let us pick the relevant information regarding the I.Q. test. These are: (i)

G is the most intelligent

(ii)

B is more intelligent than his son.

(iii)

C is more intelligent than her husband.

(iv)

The father of B is more intelligent than B.

(v)

E is the least intelligent.

(vi)

F is the second most intelligent.

(vii)

The mother of b is less intelligent than B.

(viii)

D is more intelligent than his brother but less intelligent than his wife. All these statements can lead to a definite order of intelligence as known: G>F>C>D>B>A>E Now, the question can easily be answered as: 23 (1), 24 (4) 25 (1), 26 (1), 27( 4).

Question (28-32) In the group of seven persons, there are three females and four males (from statements I and 3) Engineers is a male member (statement3) Out of three females one is a married teacher, and one is a housewife (statement 4 and 5). The husband of teacher is the oldest member. The oldest member is not the Doctor and the manager. Hence Professor must be oldest and the third female must be the chemist. Hence, the three females are Teacher (married), Housewife and Chemist (youngest). The male members are Professor (oldest). Engineer, Manager and Doctor. Hence the answers are : 28 (1) , 32 (1).

29(4) ,

30 (5) ,

31(1) ,