Paris meets Berlin, 23 October 2003
Bank filtration – A natural process for drinking water production Dr. Birgit Fritz Berlin Centre of Competence for Water
Bank filtration and artificial recharge methods
|
Objective: 1. 2.
Water production: To produce sufficient amount of water with low energy cost Treatment step: low-cost additional drinking water pre-treatment
Page 2
1
Modes of groundwater replenishment
|
Page 3
appox. 360Water Mio. m³/a Berlin
|
Page 4
2
Bank filtration in Berlin
|
? Long tradition (since 1850s) ? today 75 % (220 Mill. m3 per year) of drinking water originate from bank filtration and groundwater recharge. Specific aspects: ? surface waters with low water flow. ? high portions of STP effluents in surface waters. ? no further treatment for drinking water except aeration and rapid sand filtration.
Consequence: The proper functioning of the natural filtration steps is essential for our drinking water quality. Page 5
Berlin Water System
|
Page 6
3
Bank Filtration
|
Page 7
Artificial Groundwater Recharge
|
Page 8
4
Removal processes:
|
• Filtration • Solution - Precipitation • Ion-exchange • Sorption – Desorption • Complexation • Microbiological decradation, metabolites • Redox reactions • Transformation Page 9
Reported removal effects
|
?dissolved
organic matter (DOC, humic matter)
?bacteria,
parasites and viruses
?organohalogens
(AOX)
?trace
organics compounds (industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) ?Nutrients ?algae
(Nitrate, Phosphate...)
toxins
Page 10
5
Advantages
|
? Treatment of polluted surface waters for drinking water supply ? Well designed bank filtration and artificial recharge systems can act as very effective barrier systems ? Advanced treatment techniques (activated carbon, ozone, membranes) can be avoided, as well as chlorination and disinfection ? Water reclamation is an option in arid and semi-arid areas ? Artificial recharge systems have been proven as effective step for treatment and storage (field-scale examples worldwide in Europe, USA, Israel etc.) ? Affordable treatment step especially for developing countries. Page 11
Research Program
|
atural and rtificial ystems for echarge and nfiltration Research program in Berlin to study the fate of pathogens and organics, geochemical processes and hydraulics in bankfiltration and artificial recharge systems at laboratory, semi-technical and field scale.
Page 12
6
Objectives of NASRI-Project
|
atural and rtificial ystems for echarge and nfiltration
?
To ensure the long term sustainability of the groundwater resource and drinking water quality through the bankfiltration and the groundwater recharge process
?
To expand the Know-How and quantify the relevant processes
?
To obtain quantitative and qualitative guidelines for proper design and optimised operation of existing sites and for transfer of the integrated knowledge to other locations (use of models etc..) Page 13
NASRI: 7 Teams
|
Algae:
Retention and elimination of cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins) (Dr. Chorus/Dr. Bartel, German Environmental Acency).
Bacteria: Using bacteriophages, indicator bacteria and viral pathogens for assessing the health risk (Dr. Lopez-Pila, Dr. Szewzyk, German Environmental Acency). Drugs:
Occurrence and fate of drug residues and related polar contaminants (Dr. Heberer, Technical University, Dr. Dünnbier, Berlin Water Company ).
Hydrogeo: Hydrogeological-hydrogeochemical processes using a multi tracer approach (Prof. Pekdeger/ Prof. Möller, Free University) Models:
Integrated modelling concepts: coupled groundwater transport and biochemical reactions (Prof. Nützmann,Institute for Freshwater Ecology)
Organics: Organic substances– process studies (Prof. Jekel, Technical University) BWB:
Data management, water sampling, analyses Page 14
7
First Results: antibiotics
|
Trimetho-prim
Clarithro-mycin
Roxithro-mycin
Dehydro-Erythromycin
Clinda-mycin
Sulfa-methoxazol
500 450 400 350 300 Data: 250Technical University, Water Quality Control
200 150 100 50
Data: Dr. Heberer, Technical University
0 surface water
3301
371OP Flow direction3302
B13
Page 15
First Results: drug residues
|
Diclofenac
Clofibricacid
Proimidon
(mean concentrations in ng/L)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Surface water
Data: Dr. Heberer, Technical University
3301Flow 3302 direction3303
well 13
3304
Page 16
8
Scientific integration
|
Page 17
Transfer to other places
|
Installation of bank filtration systems in Brasil
Page 18
9
| Thank you for your interest!
Page 19
10
