Balance Hormones without a Prescription. Lynn Lafferty, Pharm.D., N.D

Balance Hormones without a Prescription Lynn Lafferty, Pharm.D., N.D. Cholesterol Pregnenolone Hydroxypregnenolone Dehydroepiandrostero ne DHEA ...
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Balance Hormones without a Prescription Lynn Lafferty, Pharm.D., N.D.

Cholesterol

Pregnenolone

Hydroxypregnenolone

Dehydroepiandrostero ne DHEA

Progesterone

Hydroxyprogeterone

Androstenedione

Androstenediol

Testosterone 5-a-reductase metabolites

11-Deoxycorticosterone

Deoxycortisol Estrone

Estradiol

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Corticosterone Androstanediol

Cortisol 18Hydroxycorticosterone

16-hydroxylation metabolites

16-aHydroxyestrone

Aldosterone

Na+/

K+ Balance

Anti-Inflammatory Sugar Stabilizer

Estriol

2-hydroxylation metabolites

2-Hydroestrone

2-Methoxyestrone 2-Methoxyestradiol

Liver Detoxification BIOTRANSFORMATION TOXIN Drugs Pesticides Food additives Hormones Histamine

PHASE I

PHASE II

*500-1,000 enzymes * Sulfation CYP450 *Glucuronidation * Acetylation * Oxidation * Glutathione/aa * Reduction conjugation * Hydrolysyis * Methylation

Assessment 



Tests  Saliva Test  Blood Test  Stool Test Symptom Survey  GI  Liver Toxicity  Sympathetic dominance  Hypo/Hyper adrenal  Hypo or hyper thyroid  Sugar Deregulation

Regland’s Test  Temperature Test  Iodine Test 

Liver/Gallbladder 

Detoxify hormones, drugs, and chemicals 

Hormones are altered or excreted  

Thyroid Most steroid (estrogen) hormones 

  

Can lead to excess accumulation of hormones

Formation of Bile Storage of vitamins and iron Formation of factors used in blood coagulation

Estrogen Metabolism 

Hydroxylation  

2 hydroxyestrone (Good/weak) 4-OH and 16 OH (Continued proliferation activity) 



Methylation 



Cruciferous vegetables

By COMT enzymes

Glucuronidation 

Some enzymes in gut can compromise this

Testosterone  

Oxidation Reduction

Detox Recommendations 

    

Milk Thistle and/or silyamarin Artichoke Juniper Berry Yellow Dock Oregon grape Dandelion

     

Beets and beet root Bovine liver Defatted wheat germ Burdock Chaparral Green Cruciferous Veg.

Liver/Gallbladder Toxicity     



Dry skin Itching skin and feet Rashes Bitter metallic taste Greasy, milk foods upset, cause pain or watery stool Low thyroid symptoms

    

Bad Breath Headaches Falling Hair Pain in area Hormone issues

Liver Problems can cause Thyroid Problems  



Need selenium for actions May need to detox liver (phase 1 & 2 detox pathways) Liver repair if needed with liver protomorphagen

Yeast Spit Test 



First thing in the morning spit in a glass of room temperature filtered water and watch every 15 minutes Yeast Indicated if:  

Cloudy String

Stomach and Small Intestine 

Gastrin 



Stimulates HCl production in stomach

Small Intestine 

CCK (Cholecystokinin)  



Gallbladder Contraction Release of pancreatic enzymes

Secretin 

Stimulates pancreas to release Sodium Bicarbonate to increase pH

Link Between Thyroid and Pathogens 

 

Several studies show a strong link between AITD (both Hashimoto’s and Graves’) and gluten intolerance. Yersinia enterocolitica (Graves) Yeast

Recommendations 

No Stomach Acid or digestive enzymes    



Betaine Stomach tissue factors Pancreas enzymes and glandular Pepsin

Too Much Acid (Mucus building herbs)    

Okra Aloe Vera Marshmallow Slippery elm

Natural Balancers of the Gut     

Probiotics Prebiotic Golden Seal Oregano Oil Grapefruit seed extract

Recommendations 

Constipation      

Fenugreek Bile salts Fennel seed Cascara Sagrada Ginger Aloe Vera

Recommendations 

Reflux    



Toxins in Bowels  



Meadowsweet Chamomile Licorice Aloe Vera Gel or juice Bentonite Clay Chlorophyll capsules

Healers  

Apple Pectin Collinsonia Root  

“Vascular astringent” Hemorrhoids

Thyroid 

T4 (Thyroxin) 



T3 (Triiodothyroxine) 



Turned into T3 mostly in liver Stimulates metabolism in cells

Calcitonin  

Promotes calcium intake into bones Decreases extracellular calcium

Diet 

Mostly raw foods to give pancreas a break 

Salads 

 



Dressings with herbs and vinegar

Vegetables Juices

Fresh organic fruit 

Pectin

Prebiotic  Decreases testosterone and estrogens Fermented Foods with good bacteria 



    



Raw cheese, milk yogurt Cultured or fermented vegetables, Kefir Kombucha Raw apple cider vinegar

Lean Proteins

Thyroid Natural Balancers 

  

Bacopa found to increase T4 in animal studies Bladderwreck has iodine Prolamine Iodine Thyroid Protomorphagen

Glandulars 

Whole Glands  

Only used short term because of atrophy Contains all factors of the glands   

   

Hormones Enzymes Tissue Factors

Thyroid Adrenal Thymus Spleen

Factors Affecting Adrenals

Hypoadrenal      

Weak nails Chronic fatigue Crave salt and sugar Brown spots Respiratory Disorders Swollen Ankles

 

 

Circulatory Disorders Dizziness when you get up quickly Depression Tired

Whole Food Nutrition vs. Drug Store Vitamins 

Regular Vitamins made like drugs  



High quantities of a chemical extractions A scientist decided this ingredient was the most active

Whole Food Supplements  



Should be organic when possible Contains complexes with things that have not been studied Digested, metabolized, utilized and excreted like food

Glandulars: Cytosol Extracts 

Cytosol Extracts 





From cell cytoplasm which is inside the membrane of the cell The cytoplasm is the site where most cellular activities occur, such as many metabolic pathways like glycolysis and processes such as cell division. Used in more acute cases

Protomorphogens  

Can be used long term Extracts of nucleic acids from cell nucleus 

RNA (Ribonucleic)  



messenger, transfer, ribosomal DNA and Protein synthesis

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) 

 

Contains genetic instructions in development and functioning of all living things Carries the “genes” Held together by sugars and phosphate

Recommendations       

 

Phosphorylated Serine Organic Minerals Vitamin C complex in whole food supplement Adrenal Protomorphagen Desiccated anterior pituitary Manganese Calmative Herbs with withinia, St John's Wort, Schisandra, Damiana and Skullcap Calcium Vit E2 Complex

Recommendations 

    

Desiccated adrenal 2 times a day for 3045 days Vitamin B whole food complex Vitamin C whole food complex Vitamin B12 Trace Minerals Licorice

Adaptogen Refers to a natural herb product that is proposed to increase the body's resistance to stress, trauma, anxiety and fatigue      

Eleuthero Licorice Maca Holy Basil Ginseng Rhodiola

     

Schisandra Ashwagandha/Withania Cordyceps Noni Chaga mushroom Reishi mushroom

Licorice 

 



Licorice has antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, laxative, and soothing properties May block metabolism of prostaglandins E and F2 alpha Reduces conversion of Cortisol to inactive cortisone in the kidneys Licorice decreases testosterone production in men who eat licorice 





Likely due to glycyrrhetinic acid inhibiting the enzyme 17hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts androstenedione to testosterone Glycyrrhetinic acid also seems to inhibit 17-20 lyase which converts 17-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione

Reference: 

Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database

Licorice 

Uses:          

Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) Aplastic anemia Apthous ulcers / canker sores Atopic dermatitis Bleeding stomach ulcers caused by aspirin Dental hygiene Dyspepsia (functional) Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Herpes simplex virus High potassium levels resulting from abnormally low aldosterone levels

        

HIV Hyperprolactinemia (neuroleptic-induced) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Inflammation Polycystic ovarian syndrome Reducing body fat mass Upper respiratory tract infections Viral hepatitis (SNMC) Peptic ulcer disease

Ashwaganda/Withinia            

Adaptogen Sedative Anxiolytic Analgesic Antipyretic Immunomodulatory Hypotensive Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant effects Stimulate respiratory function Smooth muscle relaxation Stimulate thyroid synthesis and/or secretion

Thyroid 

Thyroxin (T4)and tri-iodothyronine(3) 





essential for normal organ growth, development and function. regulate the basal metabolic rate of all cells, including hepatocytes, and thereby modulate hepatic function; the liver in turn metabolizes the thyroid hormones and regulates their systemic endocrine effects.

Thyroid Conversion 

The thyroid gland secretes   



110 nmol of thyroxine(T4) 10 nmol of tri-iodothyronine(T3) each day.16 T3 has ten times greater affinity and efficacy than T4 for the nuclear receptor, There are t 3 groups of enzymes that regulate thyroid hormone metabolism, forming part of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinase enzyme system 

They are responsible for the activation of T4 to T3

Hypothyroid           

Gaining weight inappropriately or unable to lose weight My "normal" body temperature is low Frequently feel cold Fatigued, exhausted more than normal Hair is rough, coarse dry, breaking, brittle, or falling out Skin is rough, coarse, dry, scaly, itchy and thick Nails have been dry, brittle, and break more easily Voice has become hoarse, husky or gravelly Feeling depressed, restless, moody, sad Difficulty concentrating or remembering things Puffiness and swelling around the eyes, eyelids, face, feet, hands and feet

Bacopa (Brahmi) 

Memory 



Possible mechanisms for cognitive improvement include modulation of acetylcholine release, choline acetylase activity, and muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding

Thyroid effects:(200mg/kg) leaf extracts increased T(4) concentration in male mice, suggesting its thyroid-stimulating role



increased T(4) concentration by 41% without enhancing hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), 

hepatic LPO was decreased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased showing its antiperoxidative role

Withania/ Ashwaganda  

Shown to increase T4 Antiperoxidative (antioxidant)

Hyperthyroidsm 

Graves Disease  



Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis  

 

Autoimmune Excessive T4

Autoimmune Thyroid burns out to hypothyroidsm

Link to anaerobic bacteria Link to celiac(5 times more thyroid problems) 

Yesina

Oregano oil, berberne(Golden seal), Garlic, Coconut oil, Black hull, cat’s claw,  pH balancer to promote growth of important gut bacteria  Prebiotic and probiotic 

Recommendations       

Liver Cleanse Natural Anti-biotics Thyroid Protomorphagen Iodine Trace Minerals Calcium/Magnesium Calmative herbs

Peri menopause and Menopause 



Decrease of Progesterone from Corpus Luteum (peri) Menopause “Loss of ovarian function characterized by cessation of menses    

↓ Estrogen ↓ Progesterone ↑ LH ↑ FSH

Cholesterol

Pregnenolone

Hydroxypregnenolone

Dehydroepiandrostero ne DHEA

Progesterone

Hydroxyprogeterone

Androstenedione

Androstenediol

Testosterone 5-a-reductase metabolites

11-Deoxycorticosterone

Deoxycortisol Estrone

Estradiol

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Corticosterone Androstanediol

Cortisol 18Hydroxycorticosterone

16-hydroxylation metabolites

16-aHydroxyestrone

Aldosterone

Na+/

K+ Balance

Anti-Inflammatory Sugar Stabilizer

Estriol

2-hydroxylation metabolites

2-Hydroestrone

2-Methoxyestrone 2-Methoxyestradiol

Ovary and Uterus 

Ovarian cycle depends on FHS and LH from anterior pituitary 





Target specific receptors on ovary which stimulate enzymes to make hormones FSH and LH surge coincides with ovulation around day 11

Problems  

Could they breast feed Brain Trauma

Questions      

Hot flashes Night sweats PMS Painful Breasts Acne Depression

 

   

Sleep Scanty or missed period Hysterectomy Headaches Dizziness Mood swings

Iodine 

Needed for thyroid to work  

 

Goiter Myelination of the central nervous system

Need more during pregnancy Decreases fibrotic breasts

Bio-identical Hormones 

Hormones made in a compounding pharmacy to look chemically like human hormones  



Yam Soy

Problems  

Dose Negative feedback mechanism

Problem Conversion   

Xenoestrogens from plastics and environment Liver problems 2-OHE1 to 16α-OHE1 ratio 

 

Lower ratio is significantly increase in breast and possibly prostate cancer Urine Testing Cruciferous vegetable product enhances to a more positive ratio  DIM induces certain P-450 enzymes in the liver to block the production of the toxic 16-OH estrogens and enhance the production of the beneficial 2-OH forms.

Glandular Advantages    

 

Re energize your own glands Not guessing to doses Metabolized like food Has glandulars for hypothalamus, pituitary, testes, prostate, ovaries and uterus Less expensive Problem of atrophy solved through protomorphagen and adaptogens

GnRH, FHS, LH   

 

GnRH secreted by hypothalamus LH and FSH released by anterior pituitary LH stimulates testosterone to be secreted by Leydig cells in testes FSH stimulates spermatogenesis GH needed for spermatogenesis

Black Cohosh 

Use:  



Menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, menstrual migraine) Also: Arthritis pain, infertility

MOA:  

Estrogen-like effects that are exerted by an unknown mechanism Preliminary research suggests that black cohosh might:  

Act as a partial agonist at serotonin receptors including 5HT1A, 5HT-1D, and 5HT-7 receptors Increases osteoblast activity

Wild Yam 

Contain diosgenin, 





Phytoestrogen (derived from plants) that can be chemically converted into progesterone Contains saponins, diosgenin which we use to make “natural progesterone in lab” However, thinks it has mild estrogenic activity 

Grows mammary tissue in mice without ovary

Chaste Tree/Vitex 

The flavonoids in chaste tree exert an effect similar to the hormone progesterone  



Plant contains no hormonal compounds Possess dopamine properties that inhibit prolactin and increase progesterone Acts on the pituitary gland 



normalizes the release of both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Used for PMS and Cramps

Other Herbals 

Sage  



Contains natural estrogens Hot flashes and night sweats

St John’s Wort  

Many studies show it decreases depression Lowers anxiety

Testosterone       

Distribution of hair Voice Baldness Protein and muscle development Thickens and helps bone grow RBC’s Increases metabolic rate 15%

Questions for Male Hormonal Issues             

Do you need to urinate frequently, especially at night Strain when urinating Difficulty in starting urination or holding back urine Inability to urinate Weak or interrupted flow of urine Painful or burning urination Blood in the urine Painful ejaculation Pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs Sex Drive Muscle decrease Fat around middle increase Sleep

69 yo Male Panel

Saw Palmetto 

Use:    



Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Androgenetic alopecia Hypotonic neurogenic bladder Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Demonstrates antiandrogenic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory properties 

Noncompetitively inhibits 5 alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 and to prevent the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 





May slow prostate cell proliferation by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor and stimulating apoptosis Laboratory evidence suggests that it inhibits lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase

Laboratory evidence suggests that it inhibits lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase

Anti-estrogen, antispasmodic, and alpha-adrenergic inhibitory proper

Stinging Nettles 

 

Reported to inhibit sex hormone binding globulin which has an effect on the androgenic receptors of the prostatic cytosol Inhibits the effects of estrogen May influence the binding of 5 alphadihydrotestosterone with its receptors

Tribulus (Puncture vine) 

  

Increases levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and dihydrotestosterone Aphrodisiac activity Tribulus might have anti-inflammatory activity as a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor Tribulus might have anti-anginal activity    

These effects are attributed to the protodioscin constituent It seems to dilate coronary arteries and improve coronary circulation It also may lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Extracts from the fruit and leaves seem to have a diuretic effects, which may explain the traditional use of puncture vine for kidney stones and other urinary problems

Vitamin D  

Vitamin D2 ergocalciferol Vitamin D3 cholecalciferol 



Vitamin D3 is produced in the skin of vertebrates after exposure to ultraviolet B light from the sun

In liver converted to prohormone calcidiol 

Converted into calcitriol the biologically active form of vitamin D, either in the kidneys or by monocyte-macrophages in the immune system 



When synthesized in the kidneys, calcitriol circulates as a hormone  

  

acts locally as a cytokine defending the body against microbial invaders

regulating the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream, promoting the healthy mineralization, growth and remodeling of bone

Modulates neuromuscular function Reduces inflammation Influences the action of many genes that regulate the proliferation differentiation and apoptosis of cells

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 

Converted to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the principal coenzyme form and has the most importance in human metabolism 

Co factor in 100 reactions in the body 

  

Neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Niacin (B3) Carpal Tunnel, tingling, pain ( increased with hypothyroidism) Helps for detoxification of hormones which may prevent  Breast CA  Prostate CA

Vitamin C 





The adrenal gland is among the organs with the highest concentration of vitamin C (as ascorbate) Cofactor required both in catecholamine biosynthesis and in adrenal steroidogenesis ACTH also causes vitamin C loss from adrenals

Vitamin B   

Important for nerves Conversion of hormones Conversion of fatty acid pathway

Women’s Balance 

B6 



Oil to decrease PG 2 and increase hormone 





Fish oil

PMS 



Black current seed oil

Chaste Tree

Iodine Cruciferous Vegetables

Men’s Balance 

Andropause 





Protomorphagen containing testes, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal Heart issues too: Wheat Germ Oil

Low Sex Drive and/or low muscle    

Add Tribulus Fish Oil Cruciferous Vegetables Saw Palmetto

Men’s Balance 

Prostate Health     

Iodine Calcium Saw Palmetto Prostate Protomorphagen Nettles

REFERENCES • • • • • • • • •



Sategna-Guidetti et.al. Autoimmune thyroid diseases and coeliac disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999 Aug;11(8):939- 40. Kar, A. Panda, S. Bharti. S. Relative efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice. http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Bladderwreck, last updated 3/17/2011 http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Licorice, last updated 3/17/2011 http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Tribulus last updated 3/17/2011 Winston, David & Maimes, Steven. “Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief,” Healing Arts Press, 2007. Robyn Klein."Allostasis Theory and Adaptogenic Plant Remedies" 2004 Hobbs, Christopher "Medicinal mushrooms: The history, chemistry, pharmacology and folk uses for modern times" Botanica Press, 1987.

http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Black Cohash, last updated 3/17/2011 http://www.naturaldatabase.com, Saw Palmetto, last updated 3/17/2011

REFERENCES 



Mayo, J. 1997. A natural approach to menopause. Applied Nutritional Science Report. 5(7):1-8 Women’s Health Initiative Study accessed July 7, 2010.

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/whi/



 

Chrubasik, JE,et. al. May, 2007. A comprehensive review on the sting nettle effect and efficacy profiles. International Journal of Phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 14(7-8):568-579 Dong Quai (Monograph) reprinted Alternative Medicine Review. (9):4 2004 Adimoelja, A. 2000. Phytochemicals and breakthrough of traditional herbs in the management of sexual dysfunction. International Journal of Andrology, 23 supp. 2:82-84

REFERENCES   



 









Ya-Juan, X., et. al. 2009. Journal of Asian Products Research. 11(6): 548-553 Goldzieher, JW. 1997. Postmenopausal androgen therapy. Fem Patient 22:57. Obermeyer, WR. 1995. Chemical studies of phytoestrogens and related compounds in dietary supplements: flax and chaparral. Proceedings of the Society for Experiemental Biology and Medicine 208:6-12. Andrade C et al. 2000. A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the anxiolytic efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Withania Somnifera. Indian J Psych. 42(3):295-301. Bone K. 2003. A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs. UK: Churchill Livingstone. Braun L, Cohen M. 2003. Herbs & Natural Supplements: an evidence-based guide. 2nd edn. Sydney: Elsevier Australia. Choi K. 2008. Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng. C A Meyer. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 29(9):1109-18. Davydov M, Krikorian AD. 2000. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (Araliaceae) as an adaptogen: a closer look. J Ethnopharmaco.l 72;345-93. Deyama T, Nichibe S, Nakazawa Y. 2001. Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 22(12):1057-70. Kaneko H, Nakanishi K. 2004. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of Ginseng: basic and clinical trials: clinical effects of medical ginseng, Korean red ginseng: specifically its antistress action for prevention of disease. J Pharmacol Sci .95(2);158-62.

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Kelly GS. 2001. Rhodiola rosea: a possible plant adaptogen. Altern Med Rev. 6;293-302. Kour K et al. 2009. Restoration of stress-induced altered T cell function and corresponding cytokines patterns by Withanolide A. Int Immunopharmacol. 9(10)1137-44. Olsson EM, von Scheele B, Panossian AG. 2009. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardized extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue. Planta Med. 75(2):105-12. Panossian A, Wikman G. 2009. Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 4(3);198-219. Panossian A et al. 2007. The adaptogens Rhodiola and Rai D et al. 2003. Adaptogenic effect of Bacopa monniera(Brahmi). Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 75(4);823-30. Rai D et al. 2003. Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a Comparative Study. J Pharmacol Sci. 93;458-64. Roodenrys S et al. 2002. Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. Neuropsychopharmacol. 27(2);279-81. Russo A & Borrelli F. 2005. Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: an overview. Phytomed. 12(4);305-317. Tachikawa E, Kudo K. 2004. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: suppression of adrenal medullary function in vitro by ginseng. J Pharmacol Sci. 95(2);140-44.