AWS B4.0M:2000 An American National Standard
Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds
AWS B4.0M:2000 An American National Standard
Key Words —Mechanical tests, bend tests, nickbreak tests, shear tests, tension tests, fracture toughness tests, fillet weld tests, stud weld tests, hardness tests, weldability tests, groove weld tests, soundness tests, nick-break tests
Approved by American National Standards Institute July 25, 2000
Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds Prepared by AWS B4 Committee on Mechanical Testing of Welds Under the Direction of AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by AWS Board of Directors
Abstract Mechanical test methods that are applicable to welds and welded joints are described. For each testing method, information is provided concerning applicable American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and American Petroleum Institute (API) documents; the required testing apparatus, specimen preparation, procedure to be followed, and report requirements are also described.
550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126
Table of Contents Page No. Personnel .................................................................................................................................................................... iii Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................iv List of Figures..............................................................................................................................................................ix Part A—Testing of Groove Welds A1. Bend Tests ............................................................................................................................................................1 1. Scope ....................................................................................................................................................................1 2. Applicable Documents .........................................................................................................................................1 3. Summary of Method ............................................................................................................................................2 4. Significance..........................................................................................................................................................2 5. Definitions and Symbols ......................................................................................................................................2 6. Apparatus .............................................................................................................................................................2 7. Specimens ............................................................................................................................................................2 8. Procedure .............................................................................................................................................................3 9. Report...................................................................................................................................................................3 10. Commentary.........................................................................................................................................................4 A2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Tension Tests.......................................................................................................................................................15 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................15 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................15 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................15 Significance........................................................................................................................................................15 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................16 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................16 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................16 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................17 Report.................................................................................................................................................................17
A3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Fracture Toughness Tests ...................................................................................................................................24 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................24 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................24 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................24 Significance........................................................................................................................................................25 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................25 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................25 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................25 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................25 Report.................................................................................................................................................................25
Part B—Testing of Fillet Welds B1. Longitudinal Guided-Bend Test .........................................................................................................................33 1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................33 2. Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................33 3. Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................33 4. Significance........................................................................................................................................................33 5. Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................33 6. Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................34
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Page No. 7. Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................34 8. Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................34 9. Report.................................................................................................................................................................34 B2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Soundness Tests ..................................................................................................................................................36 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................36 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................36 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................36 Significance........................................................................................................................................................36 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................36 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................36 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................37 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................37 Report.................................................................................................................................................................37
B3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Shear Tests .........................................................................................................................................................41 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................41 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................41 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................41 Significance........................................................................................................................................................41 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................41 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................42 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................42 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................42 Report.................................................................................................................................................................42
Part C—Testing of Groove and Fillet Welds C1. Nick-Break Test ..................................................................................................................................................45 1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................45 2. Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................45 3. Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................45 4. Significance........................................................................................................................................................46 5. Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................46 6. Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................46 7. Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................46 8. Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................47 9. Report.................................................................................................................................................................47 C2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Hardness Tests....................................................................................................................................................55 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................55 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................55 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................55 Significance........................................................................................................................................................55 Definitions..........................................................................................................................................................56 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................56 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................56 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................56 Report.................................................................................................................................................................56
Part D—Stud Weld Tests 1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................57 2. Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................57 3. Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................57 4. Significance........................................................................................................................................................58 5. Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................58
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Page No. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................58 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................58 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................58 Report.................................................................................................................................................................58
Part E—Weldability Testing E1. Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test ............................................................................................................62 1. Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................62 2. Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................62 3. Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................62 4. Significance........................................................................................................................................................62 5. Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................63 6. Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................63 7. Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................63 8. Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................63 9. Report.................................................................................................................................................................64 E2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Cruciform Test....................................................................................................................................................70 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................70 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................70 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................70 Significance........................................................................................................................................................70 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................70 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................71 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................71 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................71 Report.................................................................................................................................................................71
E3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Implant Test ........................................................................................................................................................75 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................75 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................75 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................75 Significance........................................................................................................................................................75 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................75 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................75 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................76 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................76 Report.................................................................................................................................................................76 Commentary.......................................................................................................................................................76
E4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Lehigh Restraint Test..........................................................................................................................................80 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................80 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................80 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................80 Significance........................................................................................................................................................80 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................80 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................81 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................81 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................81 Report.................................................................................................................................................................81
E5. 1. 2. 3.
Varestraint Test...................................................................................................................................................84 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................84 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................84 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................84
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Page No. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Significance........................................................................................................................................................84 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................85 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................85 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................85 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................85 Report.................................................................................................................................................................86 Commentary.......................................................................................................................................................86
E6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Oblique Y-Groove Test .......................................................................................................................................90 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................90 Applicable Documents .......................................................................................................................................90 Summary of Method ..........................................................................................................................................90 Significance........................................................................................................................................................90 Definitions and Symbols ....................................................................................................................................90 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................................91 Specimens ..........................................................................................................................................................91 Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................91 Report.................................................................................................................................................................91
Annex A—Bibliography of Weldability Tests ..............................................................................................................97 Annex B—Round Tensile Specimen—5:1 Gage Length to Diameter Ratio................................................................99 Annex C—Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries for AWS Technical Committees ...............................103
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List of Figures Figure
Page No.
Part A—Testing of Groove Welds Bend Tests A1 Typical Bottom Ejecting Guided Bend Test Fixture ......................................................................................5 A2 Typical Bottom Guided Bend Test Fixture ....................................................................................................6 A3 Typical Wraparound Guided Bend Test Fixture ............................................................................................7 A4 Bend Test Nomograph....................................................................................................................................8 A5 Transverse Side Bend Specimens (Plate).......................................................................................................9 A6 Transverse Face Bend and Root Bend Specimens (Plate) ...........................................................................10 A7 Transverse Face Bend and Root Bend Specimens (Pipe) ............................................................................11 A8 Longitudinal Face Bend and Root Bend Specimens (Plate) ........................................................................12 A9 Fillet Weld Root Bend Test Specimen .........................................................................................................13 A10 Surfacing Weld Face Bend and Side Bend Specimens ................................................................................14 Tension Tests A11 Round Tensile Specimens ............................................................................................................................18 A12 Transverse Rectangular Tension Test Specimen (Plate) ..............................................................................20 A13 Longitudinal Rectangular Tension Test Specimens (Plate) .........................................................................21 A14 Tension Specimens for Pipe Greater than 75 mm Nominal Diameter .........................................................22 A15 Tension Specimen for Pipe 75 mm Nominal Diameter and Less ................................................................23 Fracture Toughness Tests A16 Charpy V-Notch Impact Specimen ..............................................................................................................26 A17 Dynamic Tear Test Specimen, Anvil Supports, and Striker Tup..................................................................27 A18 Compact Tension Fracture Toughness Specimen.........................................................................................28 A19 Standard Drop Weight Nil-Ductility Temperature Test Specimen...............................................................29 A20 Orientation of Weld Metal Fracture Toughness Specimens in a Double-Groove Weld Thick Section Weldment .....................................................................................................................................................30 A21 Crack Plane Orientation Code for Compact Tension Specimens from Welded Plate..................................30 A22 Recommended Ratio of Weld Metal to Specimen Thickness for Weld-Metal Fracture Toughness Specimen ......................................................................................................................................................31 A23 Suggested Data Sheet for Drop Weight Test................................................................................................32 Part B—Testing of Fillet Welds Bend Test B1 Longitudinal Guided Fillet Weld Bend Test ................................................................................................35 Soundness Tests B2 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Procedure Qualification............................................................................38 B3 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Primer Coated Materials...........................................................................38 B4 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Galvanized Materials................................................................................39 B5 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Welder Qualification ................................................................................39 B6 Fillet Weld Break Specimen for Tack Welder Qualification........................................................................40 B7 Method of Testing Fillet Weld Break Specimen ..........................................................................................40 Shear Tests B8 Longitudinal Fillet Weld Shear Specimen ...................................................................................................43 B9 Transverse Fillet Weld Shear Specimen.......................................................................................................44 B10 Shear Strength Calculation...........................................................................................................................44
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Figure
Page No.
Part C—Testing of Groove and Fillet Welds Nick-Break Test C1 Nick-Break Testing Fixture Made Out of 150 mm Pipe ..............................................................................48 C2 Nick-Break Test Using Vise.........................................................................................................................49 C3 Testing of Fillet Welded Specimens.............................................................................................................49 C4 Nick-Break Test Specimen...........................................................................................................................50 C5 Specimen for Flash Butt Welds....................................................................................................................51 C6 Specimens for Nick-Break Test of Branch Joint Connections.....................................................................52 C7 Pipe Sleeve Test Specimen...........................................................................................................................53 C8 Fillet Welded Plate Specimen ......................................................................................................................54 Part D—Testing of Stud Welds D1 Equipment for Bend Tests for Welded Studs ...............................................................................................59 D2 Equipment for Applying a Tensile Load to a Welded Stud Using Torque...................................................60 Part E—Weldability Testing E1 Fixture Used to Position CTS Specimen for Welding .................................................................................65 E2 Cooling Bath Arrangement for CTS Test.....................................................................................................66 E3 CTS Test Specimen ......................................................................................................................................67 E4 Sectioning of CTS Specimen .......................................................................................................................68 E5 Typical Location of Vickers Hardness Impressions.....................................................................................68 E6 Suggested Data Sheet for CTS Test .............................................................................................................69 E7 Cruciform Test Assembly ............................................................................................................................72 E8 Locations of Specimens for Examination of Cracks in Cruciform Test ......................................................73 E9 Suggested Data Sheet for Cruciform Test....................................................................................................74 E10 Implant Test Specimen and Fixture..............................................................................................................77 E11 Typical Data for Implant Test Series............................................................................................................78 E12 Suggested Data Sheet for Implant Test ........................................................................................................79 E13 Lehigh Restraint Test Specimen...................................................................................................................82 E14 Suggested Data Sheet for Lehigh Test .........................................................................................................83 E15 Varestraint Test Fixture and Specimen.........................................................................................................87 E16 Auxiliary Bending Plates .............................................................................................................................88 E17 Typical Indications on Top Surface of Test Weld ........................................................................................88 E18 Suggested Data Sheet for Varestraint Test ...................................................................................................89 E19 Oblique Y-Groove Test Assembly................................................................................................................92 E20 Oblique Y-Groove Test Weld Configuration................................................................................................93 E21 Suggested Data Sheet for Oblique Y-Groove Test .......................................................................................95
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AWS B4.0M:2000
Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds
Part A Testing of Groove Welds
A1. Bend Tests
1.5 Safety Precautions. Safety precautions shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society.
1. Scope 1.1 This section covers the bend testing of groove welds in butt joints and the bend testing of surfacing welds. The standard gives the requirements for bend test specimen preparation, test parameters and testing procedures but does not specify the bend radius requirements or acceptance criteria.
Note: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 The base materials may be homogenous, clad or otherwise surfaced, except for hardfacing. 1.3 This standard is applicable to the following, where specified: (1) Qualification of materials, welding personnel and welding procedures (2) Information, specifications of acceptance, manufacturing quality control (3) Research and development
2. Applicable Documents Reference should be made to the latest edition of the following documents: ANSI/ASME B46.1 Surface Texture
1.4 When this standard is used, the following information shall be furnished: (1) The specific location and orientation of the specimens (2) The specific types of tests, for example, face bend, side bend or root bend and number of specimens required (3) The type of data required and observations to be made (4) Bend radius or percent (%) elongation (5) Postweld thermal or mechanical processing treatments 1
ASTM E 190
Standard Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds
ASTM A 370
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
AWS A2.4
Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
AWS A3.0
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
AWS B4.0M:2000
Part B Testing of Fillet Welds
B1. Longitudinal Guided-Bend Test
2. Applicable Documents
(See Part A1, section 7.6, Fillet Weld Root Bend Test.)
Reference should be made to the latest edition of the following documents: ANSI/ASME B46.1 Surface Texture
1. Scope 1.1 This section covers the bend testing of fillet welds. The standard gives the requirements for guided bend test specimen preparation, test parameters and testing procedures, but does not specify the requirements or acceptance criteria.
AWS A2.4
Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
AWS A3.0
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
The source for these documents is the following:
1.2 The base materials may be homogenous, clad or otherwise surfaced, except for hardfacing.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016
1.3 This standard is applicable to the following, where specified: (1) Qualification of materials, welding personnel, and welding procedures (2) Information, specifications of acceptance, manufacturing quality control (3) Research and development
American Welding Society (AWS) 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126
1.4 When this standard is used, the following information shall be furnished: (1) The type of data required and observations to be made (2) Bend radius required or percent (%) elongation (3) Postweld thermal or mechanical processing treatments, as applicable
3. Summary of Method
1.5 Safety Precautions. Safety precautions shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society.
4. Significance
Longitudinal fillet weld specimens are guided in the bending process by a bend test fixture that employs end supports and a plunger.
The ductility of the welded joint, as evidenced by its ability to resist failure and the presence of defects on the tension surface, is determined in the longitudinal fillet weld guided-bend test.
Note: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Definitions and Symbols The welding symbols and terms used in this standard shall be in accordance with the latest edition of AWS 33
AWS B4.0M:2000
Part C Testing of Groove and Fillet Welds
C1. Nick-Break Test
Note: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.
1. Scope 1.1 This section covers nick-break testing of welds in pipe or plate. 1.2 When a nick-break test is required, the preparation of the test specimens and the testing procedures shall conform to this standard.
2. Applicable Documents
1.3 This standard does not specify requirements or acceptance criteria.
Reference should be made to the latest edition of the following documents:
1.4 This standard is applicable to the following when specified: (1) Qualification of materials, welding personnel and welding procedures (2) Information, basis for inspection and fabrication quality control when acceptance criteria have been established (3) Research and development
AWS A2.4
Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
AWS A3.0
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
AWS D10.12
Recommended Practices and Procedures for Welding LowCarbon Steel Pipe
API 1104
Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
API RP 1107
Recommended Pipe Line Maintenance Welding Practices
1.5 When this standard is used, the following information shall be furnished: (1) Welding process used (2) The specific tests and the number of specimens that are required (3) Base metal specification/identification (4) Position of welding (5) Filler metal specification/identification (when used) (6) Location and orientation of the specimens (7) Whether external weld reinforcement is to be notched (8) Manner of breaking specimen (9) Report form including type of data and observations to be made (10) Acceptance criteria
The sources for these documents are the following:
1.6 Safety Precautions. Safety precautions shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society.
3. Summary of Method
American Welding Society (AWS) 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126 American Petroleum Institute (API) 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, DC 20005
3.1 The specimen is fractured by one of three methods: 45
AWS B4.0M:2000
Part D Stud Weld Tests
1. Scope
Note: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This section covers mechanical testing of stud welds. 1.2 When testing of stud welds is required, the procedure shall conform to this standard. 1.3 This standard does not specify requirements or acceptance criteria. 1.4 This standard is applicable to the following, when specified: (1) Qualification of materials, welding operators and welding procedures (2) Information, basis of inspection and fabrication quality control (when acceptance criteria have been established) (3) Research and development
2. Applicable Documents Reference should be made to the latest edition of the following documents:
1.5 When this standard is used, the following information shall be furnished: (1) The specific tests and number of specimens that are required (2) Base metal specification/identification (3) Position of welding (4) Stud analyses or specification (part number) or both (5) Weld parameters including current and time and type of power supply (6) Type of testing (a) Bend testing: the maximum angle of bend must be specified. (b) Torque testing: the torque to be used must be specified. (7) Acceptance criteria
AWS A2.4
Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
AWS A3.0
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
AWS C5.4
Recommended Stud Welding
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code—Steel
Practices
for
The source for these documents is the following: American Welding Society (AWS) 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126
3. Summary of Method 3.1 The specimen is tested by one of two methods: (1) The stud is bent by striking with a hammer or bending it using a length of tube or pipe. (2) A tensile load is applied to the stud using an appropriate fixture. This commonly is accomplished by use of a torque wrench and a stand-off sleeve.
1.6 Safety Precautions. Safety precautions shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society. 57
AWS B4.0M:2000
Part E Weldability Testing
Within these limitations, weldability testing can provide valuable data on new alloys, welding procedures and welding processes. Numerous weldability tests have been devised, all of which can be classified as either simulated tests or actual welding tests.
The term weldability is the capacity of material to be welded under the imposed fabrication conditions into a specific, suitably designed structure and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service. There are many variables in the design, fabrication and erection of real structures as these affect the metallurgical response to welding. No single test or combination of tests can duplicate the conditions of a real structure. Laboratory weldability tests can only provide an index to compare different metals, procedures and processes.
The tests included in this section are the Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test, Cruciform Test, Implant Test, Lehigh Restraint Test, Varestraint Test, and the Oblique Y-Groove Test.
Part E Weldability Testing Methods Weldability Tests
Application
Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test
Assesses the effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on hardness and hydrogen cracking susceptibility.
Cruciform Test
Assesses hydrogen cracking in fillet welding applications.
Implant Test
Measures susceptibility to hydrogen cracking in HAZ of weldment.
Lehigh Restraint Test
Characterizes the degree of restraint necessary to produce weld metal cracking.
Varestraint Test
Assesses hot cracking susceptibility.
Oblique Y-Groove Test
Accesses susceptibility to weld and HAZ cracking.
61
AWS B4.0M:2000
E1. Controlled Thermal Severity (CTS) Test
2. Applicable Documents Reference should be made to the latest edition of the following documents:
1. Scope 1.1 The controlled thermal severity (CTS) test is used for measuring the susceptibility to weld metal and heataffected zone (HAZ) hydrogen cracking of carbon, carbonmanganese and low-alloy steels. While the primary application is to evaluate base-metal composition, it also may be used to evaluate the effects of welding consumables, welding heat input and preheat, postweld heat treatment, or both, on HAZ crack susceptibility. 1.2 This standard is applicable to the following: (1) Qualification of materials and welding procedures where specific acceptance standards have been specified (2) Information, basis of acceptance and manufacturing and quality control (3) Research and development. 1.3 The use of this test is restricted to base-metal thicknesses 6 mm or greater.
AWS A2.4
Standard Symbols for Welding Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
AWS A3.0
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
AWS A4.3
Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding
ASTM E 3
Standard Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
ASTM E 92
Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
The source of these documents is the following: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
1.4 The following information shall be furnished: (1) Welding process (2) Base-metal specification/identification and actual chemical composition (3) State of heat treatment (4) Base-metal thickness (5) Base-metal rolling direction, if possible (6) Filler metal specification/identification, diameter and any pre-welding treatment, e.g., baking temperature and time (7) Type and flow rate of any shielding gas used (8) All welding parameters (9) Appropriate preheat and postheat temperatures, if required (10) Report form including specific data to be recorded and observations to be made (11) Acceptance criteria, if applicable.
American Welding Society (AWS) 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126
3. Summary of Method 3.1 The test specimen consists of two plates clamped together with a bolt through a hole in the center of each plate. One plate is square while the other is oblong, slightly wider, and about three times the length of the square plate. Two anchor welds provide further restraint. 3.2 Two test fillet welds are deposited between the two plates. The specimen is cooled to ambient temperature before the second test weld is deposited.
1.5 Safety Precautions. Safety precautions shall conform to the latest edition of ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society.
3.3 The test welds are sectioned and examined for cracks. Hardness measurements are made of both the weld metal and the HAZ.
Note: This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance 4.1 This test is used to evaluate the susceptibility of the weld metal and HAZ to hydrogen cracking (cold cracking). The important variables that can be investigated using this test include the base metal and weld metal compositions, the condition (dryness, cleanliness) of the 62
