AWERProcedia Information Technology & Computer Science Vol 04 (2013) 552-557

3rd World Conference on Innovation and Computer Sciences 2013

Virtual Laboratory Application for Direct Current Motor Experiments Mehmet Fatih Işik * , Hitit University, Faculty of Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Çorum 19030, Turkey. Murat Alparslan Güngör, Hitit University Vocational School, Çorum 19169, Turkey. Suggested Citation: Işik F., M. & Güngör A., M. Virtual Laboratory Application for Direct Current Motor Experiments. AWERProcedia Information Technology & Computer Science. [Online]. 2013, 4, pp 552-557. Available from: www.awercenter.org/pitcs Received December 06, 2012; revised January 15, 2013; accepted March 08, 2013. Selection and peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Fahrettin Sadıkoglu, Near East University. ©2013 Academic World Education & Research Center. All rights reserved. Abstract In this study, a virtual electrical machines laboratory tool that provides training the direct current experiments on the computer has been developed. We take Bloom’s taxonomy model for teaching system. The experiments of direct current motor’s direction, speed and power control can be made with the developed tool. How to experiment, wiring diagram, tables and graphs are shown by opening a separate experiment page for each experiment. The virtual laboratory is designed with Visual Basic Program. Simulation results are obtained with Matlab/Simulink program and Electronic Workbench program is used for students’ applications. DC motor’s models and practical experiments are considered for simulation studies. Developed virtual laboratory tool will help the students to understand the direct current motors. This tool will provide the possibility for the student to do experiments on the computer without the required laboratory equipments. Keywords: DC Motor, Virtual lab, Visual Basic, Matlab/Simulink;

* ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDANCE: Mehmet Fatih Işik, Hitit University Faculty of Engineering , Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Çorum, 19030, Turkey, E-mail Address: [email protected], [email protected] / Tel.: +90532-775-9556

Işik F., M. & Güngör A., M. Virtual Laboratory Application for Direct Current Motor Experiments. AWERProcedia Information Technology & Computer Science. [Online]. 2013, 04, pp 552-557. Available from: www.awer-center.org/pitcs

1. Introduction Practical applications, as well as theoretical education, are necessary for the students attending the technical departments of universities. Many institutions struggle to improve students practice. Computer aided education and the virtual laboratory applications are very popular because laboratory has some negative properties such as losing its currency with technological development, usually not permission individual training and high cost. Before the physical design of circuits for applied lessons, to know the designed system errors provides the convenience of the students who will design. Development of information technology has increased the use of computers in education. It is observed that the students in the technical departments, especially, could learn better thanks to virtual laboratory applications [1-12]. The virtual laboratory and virtual lectures solve the problem about limitation of time and place in education [13]. That the theoretical knowledge of electrical engineering students is supported with practice improves the quality of education [14]. Bloom’s taxonomy model, which is teaching system in this paper, has the steps remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. The steps of remembering, understanding, applying is defined as first part. This part, created with Visual Basic, includes theoretical knowledge about subject and animations of working. The steps of analyzing and evaluating are defined as second part. This part, created with Matlab/Simulink, includes variable conditions such as current, voltage. Electronic Workbench is used for creating step. 2. DC MOTORS DC motors are used too much in industry. In this study, mathematical expressions for visual software are obtained by utilizing experiments and basic concepts of DC motor. The presented study is able to work with different voltages. Anybody can experiment with desired conditions by changing the value of any variables with the help of mathematical expressions. DC motor equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 1 to obtain these variables.

Figure 1. DC motor equivalent circuit

Ra: Armature resistance (ohm) La: Armature inductance (Henry) Ia: Armature current (Ampere) Ea: Voltage applied to armature (volt) Eb: Feedback voltage (volt) ea= Ra*ia +La*ia + eb

1

After DC motor is produced, it is assumed armature reactance which dependents on armature resistance and winding number are constant. It is seen from equation 1, the variables effect armature voltage are voltage applied to armature and armature current. According to equation 1, in speed control application for DC motor, speed adjustment is made by changing voltage on armature. The speed of a dc motor is changed by changing the current in the field or in the armature. Beside that, it 553

Işik F., M. & Güngör A., M. Virtual Laboratory Application for Direct Current Motor Experiments. AWERProcedia Information Technology & Computer Science. [Online]. 2013, 04, pp 552-557. Available from: www.awer-center.org/pitcs

is sufficient to change the direction of polarity applied to the motor for control DC motor’s direction of rotation.

3. Virtual Laboratory Tool In Figure 2, we show Bloom’s taxonomy model for virtual laboratory tool [15]. This model has the steps remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating.

Figure 2. Bloom’s taxonomy model

We have used Visual Basic, Matlab/Simulink and Electronic Workbench in the virtual tool. In Figure 3, main screen of the developed virtual laboratory tool is shown. In this screen, it is given list of operations to be performed with virtual tool. When user selects any operation, the screen related to operation is opened. This screen has information and graphics about the subject. The steps of remembering, understanding, applying, created with Visual Basic, are defined as first part. In Figure 4, speed control screen is shown.

Figure 3. Virtual laboratory main screenshot for DC motors

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Işik F., M. & Güngör A., M. Virtual Laboratory Application for Direct Current Motor Experiments. AWERProcedia Information Technology & Computer Science. [Online]. 2013, 04, pp 552-557. Available from: www.awer-center.org/pitcs

Figure 4. DC motor speed control screenshot

The steps of analyzing and evaluating, created with Matlab/Simulink, are the second part of virtual laboratory. In this part, students can analyze and evaluate according to step response, depending on the control methods to be applied to the DC motor. In Figure 5, DC motor speed control block diagram is given.

Figure 5. DC motor speed control block diagram

PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivation) control technique is used for DC motor speed. It is analyzed step response time of reference signal by changing Kp (Proportional Gain) Ki (Integral Gain) and Kd (Derivative Gain) coefficients of PID parameters. Change in each value of PID controller can be shown as graphical. The obtained graphs are in Figure 6.

Figure 6. PID Control Step Responses

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Işik F., M. & Güngör A., M. Virtual Laboratory Application for Direct Current Motor Experiments. AWERProcedia Information Technology & Computer Science. [Online]. 2013, 04, pp 552-557. Available from: www.awer-center.org/pitcs

In creating part, the students can own design by using Electronic Workbench program. In Figure 7 and Figure8, operation screens which students use are shown. The parameters of used DC motor can set in Figure 7. In Figure 8, a sample application circuit is shown.

Figure 7. Electronic Workbench DC motor parameters settings

Figure 8. DC motor. Electronic Workbench Direction Control

5. Conclusion In this study, a virtual electrical machines laboratory tool that provides training the direct current experiments on the computer has been developed. The program, created with Visual Basic, Matlab/Simulink and Electronic Workbench, is designed to be easy to use and explanatory. The training module has been prepared in installation format so that it can be loaded to desired computers. There is no difference to be considered between the virtual experiment results and the real experiment results because it is based on DC motor values in practice. Speed control, direction control and power control can be made with simulation used in virtual tool and these applications give right results. The virtual laboratory tool can be used in DC motors lessons in electrical machines. Especially, if the units don’t have required laboratory equipments, DC motor experiments can be made 556

Işik F., M. & Güngör A., M. Virtual Laboratory Application for Direct Current Motor Experiments. AWERProcedia Information Technology & Computer Science. [Online]. 2013, 04, pp 552-557. Available from: www.awer-center.org/pitcs

with virtual laboratory tool. This tool may contribute to students even if there are laboratory equipments. References Bauer, P., Fedák, V. and Rompelman, O., “PEMCWeb Lab-Distance and Virtual Laboratories in Electrical Engineering- Development and Trends”, Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Poznan, 2354-2359, 1-3 September 2008. Li, S. and Challoo, R., “Restructuring an Electric Machinery Course With an Integrative Approach and ComputerAssisted Teaching Methodology”, IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 49, No. 1, 16-28, 2006. Ertugrul, N., “New Era in Engineering Experiments: An Integrated and Interactive Teaching/Learning Approach, and Real-Time Visualizations”, Int. J. Eng. Ed., Vol. 14, No. 5, 344-355, 1998. Deshpande, A.A. and Huang, S.H., “Simulation Games in Engineering Education: A State-of-the- Art Review”, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, Doi: 10.1002/cae.20323, 2009. Bekiroğlu E., ve Bayrak, A., “Sanal Elektrik Makinaları Laboratuarı: Senkron Jeneratör Deneyleri” J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ, Vol 25, No 2, 405-413, 2010. Coşkun, İ., Işık, M.F., “Design And Application Of The Technical Training Set For PLC-Based Power Supply Unit Developed For Industrial Applications”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 2009, p.16581662, 2009. Işık, M.F., Yılmaz, C., “Design And development Of an Adaptable, Lan-Based Training Module For Object Lessons”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 2009, p.1663-1667, 2009. Işık M. F., Coşkun, A., "Bilgisayar Destekli Elektrik Makinaları Eğitimi" International Conference on Educational Sciences, Eastern Medıterranean Unıversıty, 23-25 June 2008, P: 1016-1021, Famagusta, North Cyprus, 2008. Coşkun, İ., Işık M. F.,"Computer Aided Microcontroller Education", The Proceeding of 7. International Educational Technology Conference, Near East University, page 438-442, 3-5 May 2007, Lefkoşa, North Cyprus, 2007. Chen, S.H., Chen, R, Ramakrishnan, S.Y., Zhuang, Y, Ko, C.C., Chen, B.M., “Development of Remote Laboratory Experimentation Through Internet”, vlab.ee.nus.edu.sg/vlab/papers/C-IEEE-hksrc99.pdf Hsu, S., Alhalabi, B., Ilyas, M., “A Java-based Remote Laboratory for Distance Learning”, web sitesi:www.ineer.org/Events/ICEE2000/ Proceedings, 2000. Demirbaş, Ş., "İnternet Tabanlı PI Kontrollu Bir Doğru Akım Motoru Deney Seti", Gazi Univ. Muh. Mim. Fak. Der. Cilt 22, No 2, 401-410, 2007. Erkan, E. ve Altun, H., “Java ve WEB Tabanlı Uzaktan Eğitim: e-Eğitim için Sanal Sınıf ve Sanal Laboratuvar Projesi”, Elektrik-Elektronik Bilgisayar Muhendislikleri Eğitimi 1. Ulusal Sempozyumu, EEBM 2003. Keyhani, A., Marwalli, M.N., Higuera, L.E., Athalye, G., and Baumgartner, G., An Integrated Virtual Learning System for the Development of Motor Drive Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1-6, 2002. Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., (eds.) “A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives”, New York: Longman, 2001.

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