Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Activities Report FY2014 Mia Kim Torchetti, DVM, MS, PhD USDA-APHIS-VS-STAS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames IA USA [email protected]

Laboratory Services and Collaborations

onfirmatory diagnostic lab, assay development, and  search

Updated assay validation (H5/H7) Training for NPIP, FADDL, NAHLN, LBM OIE FAO Reference & Collaborating Centres

AHLN and NPIP Standardized protocols for serology and  tigen detection

T and standardized reagent distribution for AGID Harmonized rRT‐PCR protocols (NALHN labs only)

GID, ELISA, and antigen capture immunoassay

PT and standardized reagent distribution for AGID PT for ELISA using USDA‐licensed kits available for 2014

USDA Laboratories • APHIS NVSL Diagnostic  Virology Lab • ARS Southeast Poultry  Research Lab

NAHLN / State ‐ University / NPIP‐ approved labs

NPIP approved labs  (non‐NAHLN)

Only NVSL can confirm the presence of a suspected

Wild bird surveillance

mples received from:

Testing in USDA VS Cooperative Agreements Other efforts under National programs Diagnostic and foreign nimal disease nvestigations (FAD)

– Unexplained respiratory disease, decreased egg production, increased mortality

FAD NPIP

User fee – diagnostics export

LBM USDA VS Cooperative

Summary of Samples Received for PCR/VI

ples tested by year and purpose FY13 = 6237, FY14 = 3022 FY2013 FY2014

psittacine poultry (gall)

1562

4944

pet bird

378 519

649 658

266 283

columbifor mes

game bird domestic waterfowl mixed/ multiple

BM-BYD Received by Year for PCR/VI Y13=649, FY14=658) and State (n=25) LBM‐BYD

FY2013 FY13 FY14

39FY2014 29

APMV‐2 to 7

3

0

IAV

15

9

LPAI H5 (PA, NJ)

2

2 PCR

LPAI H7 (DE, PA)

0

2

AL CA CT DE FL KS LA A D E O NH NJ NV NY H OK OR PA RI SD TX VA A Y

APMV‐1

FY2014 LBM Events Surv tate stream

initial  sample

Subtype

PA

LBM

swab

LPAI H5 PCR  only

PA

LBM

swab

LPAI H7N2

NJ

LBM

swab

LPAI H5 PCR  only + LoNDV

DE

LBM

swab

LPAI H7N7

Species

Action

Trade affected

Muscovy

negative traceback/fwd,  mixed species backyard  seller

none

chicken

poultry auction, negative  traceback/fwd

Japan

quail/ guinea  poultry auction, negative  hen traceback/fwd

Japan 

chicken

poultry auction, negative  traceback/fwd

Japan, voluntary  suspension of poultry  exports to Taiwan

mmercial Samples by Year for PCR/VI Y13=266, FY14=253) and State (n=24) COMMERCIAL

80

60

40

FY13 FY14 FY2013

APMV‐1

25

31

IAV

10

LPAI H5 (CA)

0

3

LPAI H7 (NJ)

0

2

Adeno, Reo

0

12

FY2014

11

20

WY

WV

WI

WA

VA

TX

PA

OK

OH

NJ

NC

MO

MN

MI

MD

KS

IN

ID

IA

FL

DE

CA

AR

AL

0

FY2014 Commercial/Upland Game  initial  State sample Subtype

Species

Action

Trade affected

turkey

testing in control zone ‐ no virus detected, C&D  and controlled  marketing to PA

Russia, Japan

quail

OIE immediate report ‐ no detection in other  10 countries + interstate  species, depop & C&D impacts

MD

H5N2 ‐ report of  sera  previous  clinical signs

CA

swab

LPAI H5N8 ‐ clinical signs

NJ

Pheasants  Under H5/H7 Clean  LPAI H7N3 ‐ swab  (ducks also  program follow up PCR  no clinical  negative on 4  (1/3) on  signs premises)   consecutive samplings

Japan, Hong Kong,  Singapore, Cuba

IAV Isolate Summary for Poultry

BM‐BYD FY2013 FY2014 H1 (PA, SD) 5 0 H2 (WA) 0 2 H3 (TX)  0 2 H4 (PA, WA) 2 1 H6 (AL, FL, NJ) 3 4 H11 (OK, PA) 4 0 H12 (MA) 1 0 PAI H5 (PA) 1 0 PAI H7 (DE, PA)        0 2

IAV Commercial turkey H1N1 (VA, WV) H3 (OH) H4N2 (MN) H6N8 (MN) quail LPAI H5N8 (CA) pheasant LPAI H7N3 (NJ)

FY2013 FY2014 10 11 9 5 1 0 0 5 0 1 0

3

0

2

CY139327_A/American black duck/New Brunswick/00867/2010(H5N2) KM244047 A/Muscovy duck/Pennsylvania/4484-2/2013(H5) GQ117225_A/duck/New York/484057/2007(H5N2) 35 75 GQ117193_A/duck/New York/469961/2006(H5N2) 49 CY034679_A/mute_swan/Michigan/451072/2006(H5N1) 81 GQ923349_A/Canada goose/Texas/475000-3/2006(H5N2) 2013-14 isolation CY079452_A/American black duck/Illinois/08OS2688/2008(H5N2) 99 PCR control 96 KJ018192_A/chicken/New Jersey/577-6/2008(H5N2) Reagent GQ923421_A/duck/Pennsylvania/446080-6/2006(H5N2) 47 33 CY043928_A/shorebird/Delaware/472/2007(H5N1) 31 AY296079_A/duck/Maine/151895-7A/2002(H5N2) CY120627_A/American wigeon/California/3180/2010(H5N2) CY167175_A/American green-winged teal/Mississippi/12OS191/2012(H5N3) 99 98 CY177149_A/mallard/California/1357/2013(H5N5) 39 100 A/quail/California/12546/2014(H5N8) GU050105_A/Canada goose/Colorado/473047-2/2006(H5N2) 88 AY296076_A/unknown/New York/101250-18/2001(H5N2) 100 AY296081_A/duck/New York/186875/2002(H5N2) 96 AY296086_A/duck/New York/191255-59/2002(H5N8) AY296064_A/chukar/Minnesota/14591-7/1998(H5N2) CY034683_A/chicken/Texas/167280-4/2002(H5N3) 100 96 58 GU052644_A/chicken/Texas/298313-2/2004(H5N2) AY296073_A/chukkar/New York/51375/2000(H5N2) 54 AY296070_A/avian/New York/31588-3/2000(H5N2) 100 87 AY296071_A/duck/New York/44018-1/2000(H5N2) 93 EU743019_A/chicken/New Jersey/17169/1993(H5N2) 100 U28920_A/emu/Texas/39442/1993(H5N2) CY006040_A/chicken/Hidalgo/28159-232/1994(H5N2) GU052690_A/chicken/Mexico/28159-541/1995(H5N2) 100 FJ864690_A/chicken/Mexico/435/2005(H5N2) 54 64 KM455897_A/chicken/Mexico/1433-5/2005(H5N2) EU099401_A/chicken/Guatemala/270475-4/2003(H5N2) 100 GU052636_A/chicken/El Salvador/102711-2/2001(H5N2) 97 78 GU052795_A/chicken/Guatemala/45511-5/2000(H5N2) U69277_A/Mallard/Wisconsin/944/1982(H5) CY080507_A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/1968(H5N9) FJ610134_A/Chicken/Virginia/40018/1984(H5N2)

Y2013-14 5 HA

99

30

100

FY 2013-14 H7 HA 2013-14 isolation PCR control Reagent

100

0.05

American lineage

51

LBM

54

CY133649 A/northern shoveler/Mississippi/11OS145/2011(H7N9) KF715090 A/turkey/Minnesota/31900/2011(H7N9) 68 JX908509 A/chicken/Jalisco/12283/2012(H7N3) KM244100 A/chicken/Delaware/10851/2014(H7N7) 99 66 A/pheasant/New Jersey/26996-2/2014(H7N3) CY133677 A/American green-winged teal/Mississippi/11OS255/2011(H7N7) 85 98 CY167224 A/northern shoveler/Mississippi/12OS362/2012(H7N7) 31 CY138769 A/American black duck/New Brunswick/00344/2010(H7N7) 77 KF715076 A/turkey/Minnesota/14135-2/2009(H7N9) 88 A/duck/New Jersey/1022/2010(H7N3) CY133777 A/mallard/Missouri/10MO053/2010(H7N4) 94 87 CY133177 A/northern shoveler/Wisconsin/10OS3226/2010(H7N3) 98 KC669389 A/cinnamon teal/Mexico/2817/2006(H7N3) A/turkey/Nebraska/505577/2007(H7N9) 85 99 GU051805 A/ruddy turnstone/Delaware/789/2006(H7N3) 100 GU051614 A/ruddy turnstone/New Jersey/196/2006(H7N2) 82 AY650270 A/GSC_chicken/British Columbia/2004(H7N3) 100 GU186602 A/chicken/Canada/314514-1/2005(H7N3) 83 GU053263 A/American black duck/Maryland/415/2001 2001(H7N3) AY240924 A/quail/Pennsylvania/20304/1998(H7N2) AF072395 A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/11767-1/1997(H7N2) 90 AY240897 A/chicken/New Jersey/30749-3/2000(H7N2) 100 CY034830 A/Guinea fowl/New York/101276-1/2005(H7N2) 100 CY035930 A/chicken/New York/88291-10/2005(H7N2) 70 AY240910 A/turkey/North Carolina/11165/2002(H7N2) 99 EU743261 A/turkey/Virginia/158512/2002(H7N2) GU186610 A/turkey/Minnesota/24552/1982(H7N3) FJ610056 A/rhea/North Carolina/39482/1993(H7N1) M31689_A/turkey/Oregon/1971(H7N3) AB298277_A/R-equine/Prague/1/56-Bellamy/1942(H7N1) KJ162064_A/softbill/California/13907-21/1994(H7N1) 60 65

Eurasian lineage

erologic Subtyping

mestic Poultry:

13 = 2368 samples in 7 accessions from 32 tes

14 = 1578 samples in 4 accessions from 28 tes

2000 2013 2014 1500

1000

other 500

chicken

0

turkey

Y14 Antibody Subtyping

ubtype Source H2* Chicken, turkey H4 Turkey H5N2* Turkey H6* Chicken, duck, mixed H6N8 Turkey H7* Chicken, Sage Grouse erologic detection only

State NH, MN MN PA NH, PA, TN, TX MN NY (pet); NV (captive wild bird)

1028 sera positive for H1 and/or H3 (swine flu subtypes) – 97% turkeys (>75% OH) – 2.6% chickens – Vaccination for H1 and H3 in turkey breeders common

AV in Wild Birds

o HPAI detected

H2N3 H2N8

H4N2 H4N6 H4N8

(FY13=314/343, FY14=395/591)

H6N2 H6N4 H6N8

H10N3 H10N4 H10N7

LPAI H11N2 H11N3 H5N2 (20) H7N1 (41)  H11N9 H5N3 (4) H7N3 (21) H5N4 (4) H7N7 (58)

FY2013 FY2014

AV in Wild Birds

o HPAI detected

(FY13=314/343, FY14=395/591)

stribution of collection year and state 2009 2014

H7 (2012-14) H5 (2012-13) 2013

2012

non H5/H7  LPAI H7 LPAI H5 IAV AR AR AK MN IA IL AR MO IL IN DE MS LA MD IA MT MD MN ID NE MN MO IL NJ MS MS IN OH NJ OH KS TX OH TX LA WA SC WI MD WI TX ME WY

Other updates…

Avian Viruses Section

Strengthened collaborations with NAHLN and NPIP AI/ND rRT-PCR SOPs updated Routine full genome sequencing and upload to public database Finalized testing and interlaboratory comparison for updated AI subtyping assays (H5/H7) Conducted evaluations and developed guidance to support use of USDA-licensed influenza A assay in NAHLN labs Collaboration with NPIP to offer proficiency test for influenza A ELISAs in FY2015 – Pilot with 15 labs, Survey with 33 respondents – The 2014 PT panel evaluated with concordant results

2014 NAHLN PCR PT

Current testing capacity in the NALHN:

Example: Sample H5N9 10-2 1835/KF96/QIA/7500

– AI: 244/246 approved diagnosticians in 56 labs – ND: 234/242 approved diagnosticians in 54 labs

Data sets for PT analysis:

Panel AIV SIV

# data sets # techs 5555 217 1769 182

1835/BIO/Ag/7500 1835/BIO/QIA/7500 1835/KF96/Ag/7500

# labs 55 42

1835/KF/Ag/7500 1836/KF96/Ag/7500

Cases of interest

New cases: – Isolated H2N2 and PMV-6 from domestic duck LBM/BYD surveillance samples in PA – H1N1 (wild bird lineage) isolated from a BYD swan with respiratory signs in NC – Mortality swan geese from zoo in IL • histo compatible with paramyxovirus but negative by rRT-PCR and VI • West Nile detected by PCR on AAF from brain specimens

Ongoing work

Ongoing evaluation of LPAI H7 viruses for additional pathogenicity markers Pandemic H1N1 2009 lineage viruses detected in turkeys, sloth bears Evaluating options for improvements to neuramindase assay Ongoing evaluation/validation for new assays

OIE FAO Reference Lab activities

Participated in the OIE Reference Lab Meeting, Seoul, Korea Completed OIE Twinning for avian influenza with Servicio Agicola Y Ganadero (SAG), Chile Conducted molecular diagnostic workshop and facilitated laboratory networking meeting for South American countries Coordinated proficiency test for the OIE FAO Network of Expertise for Animal Influenza (OFFLU) Attended meeting for the North American National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAAHLN)/North American Harmonization activities

pecial Thanks to the Avian Team and our partners who help us get things done!

Questions?