Athletic Training Vocabulary 1 anatomy

the study of structure and form of a body

2 kinesiology

the study of human movement

3 physiology

the study of the functional processes of a body

8/15/2011

ANATOMICAL & MOVEMENT TERMS: 4 anatomical position

standing, facing forward with arms at sides and palms facing upward; Also called standard anatomical position

5 abduction

moving a body part away from the midline of the body

6 adduction

moving a body part toward the midline of the body

7 active range of motion

range of motion performed by the athlete

8 passive range of motion

movement performed by the examiner while the athlete relaxes all muscles.

9 acute

an injury of sudden onset and short duration

10 chronic

an injury with gradual onset and long duration

11 amnesia

loss of memory

12 posttraumatic amnesia

inability to recall events since the injury

13 retrograde amnesia

memory loss of events immediately before the injury

14 anterior

the front of the body or body part

15 posterior

the back of the body or body part

16 articulation

a joint between bones

17 axilla

the armpit

18 bilateral

refers to both right and left (on both sides)

19 bursa

a fluid filled sac that serves as a cushion and reduces friction in a joint (plural bursae)

20 cervical

refers to the neck; the seven vertebrae in the neck

21 thoracic

refers to the upper back; the 8th through the 19th vertebrae

22 lumbar

refers to the low back; the 20th through the 24th vertebrae

23 circumduction

moving a joint in a circular motion; only possible in the hip or shoulder

24 distal

farthest away from the center of the body

Athletic Training Vocabulary

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25 proximal

closest to the center of the body

26 dorsal

back or posterior of any structure

27 ventral

front or anterior of any structure

28 plantar

the bottom or sole of the foot

29 dorsiflexion

ankle movement bring the foot toward the shin

30 plantar flexion

ankle movement pointing the foot downward

31 dorsum

the back or posterior side of a structure

32 encephalon

the brain

33 diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone

34 epiphysis

the rounded end of a long bone

35 metaphysis

layer of cartilage between the diaphysis & epiphysis of a bone where growth of the bone takes place

36 eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

37 inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward

38 extension

straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones

39 flexion

bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones

40 fascia

fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles

41 flexibility

the range of motion of a joint or the ability to stretch

42 hyperextension

excessive, forceful extension of a limb beyond its normal limits

43 hyperflexion

excessive, forceful flexion of a limb

44 lateral

away from the midline of the body; toward the side

45 medial

toward the midline of the body

46 lateral malleolus

the distal end of the fibula

47 medial malleolus

the distal end of the tibia

48 ligament

a band of non-elastic, tough connective tissue connecting the ends of bones

49 meniscus

crescent shaped wedges of cartilage that pad the knee between the tibia & femur

50 tendon

a dense, tough tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Athletic Training Vocabulary

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51 pronation

turning downward (i.e. - turning the palm of the hand downward)

52 supination

turning upward (i.e. - turning the palm of the hand upward)

53 prone

facing downward (i.e. - lying on your tummy)

54 supine

facing upward (i.e. - lying on your back)

55 protraction

movement in the anterior direction (i.e. - reaching and punching of the arms)

56 retraction

movement in the posterior direction

57 range of motion

the motions (movement) of a joint

INJURIES, EVALUATION & TREATMENT RELATED TERMS 58 abrasion

an open wound in which the skin is scraped or rubbed away

59 avulsion

an open wound in which tissue is forcibly torn away from the body (i.e. - a partial or complete amputation)

60 laceration

a jagged, open wound or cut

61 puncture

an open wound made by a piercing of the skin from a pointed object (i.e. - stab wound, gun shot, etc.)

62 analgesic

an agent which reduces pain

63 anesthetic

an agent that reduces or eliminates the sensation of pain

64 anxiety

a feeling of uncertainty or apprehension

65 apnea

absence of breathing

66 dyspnea

difficulty breathing

67 atrophy

decrease in muscle or tissue size often due to lack of use

68 hypertrophy

increase in muscle or tissue size

69 axial loading

a blow to the top of the head while the head is in flexion

70 chondromalacia patella

softening and deterioration of the back of the patella

71 compression

applying direct pressure or pressure with a bandage to stop bleeding or to slow swelling

72 concussion

a shaking of the brain caused by a forceful blow to the head

73 conduction

heating by means of direct contact with the heat source (i.e. - heating pad)

74 convection

heating indirectly through another medium, such as air or liquid (i.e. hot whirlpool)

Athletic Training Vocabulary

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75 conversion

heating by other forms of energy (i.e. - electricity, ultrasound)

76 contraindicate

to warn against a particular treatment

77 indicate

to advise a particular treatment

78 contrast bath

a form of treatment that combines alternating hot and cold therapy

79 contusion

a bruise; a closed injury caused by a blow or crushing of tissue

80 crepitus

a grating, grinding, or sticking sound or sensation

81 cryokinetics

treatment that combines cold therapy and exercise

82 cryotherapy

treatment in which cold is used

83 hydrotherapy

treatment in which water is used

84 thermotherapy

treatment in which heat is used

85 cyanosis

bluish (grayish, dark purple) discoloration of skin due lack of oxygen

86 diastolic blood pressure 87 systolic blood pressure

the residual pressure in arteries when the heart is between beats; recorded as the bottom number of the blood pressure reading the pressure against the artery walls caused by the heart pumping; recorded as the top number of the blood pressure reading

88 dislocation

a complete displacement of a bone at a joint

89 subluxation

incomplete or partial displacement of a bone at a joint

90 ecchymosis

discharge or escape of blood into tissues under the skin; bruising

91 edema

collection of fluid in connective tissues; swelling

92 effusion

collection of fluid into a cavity (such as within a joint capsule)

93 epistaxis

a nosebleed

94 fracture

a chip, crack, or complete break in a bone

95 functional test 96 H.O.P.S. 97 history

active, agility, and resisted exercises used to determine how an athlete is functioning and if they are ready to return to activity systematic method of evaluation. History, Observation, Palpation, Strength/Sensation/Special tests assessment of how and when an injury occurred, the chief complaint, and whether an injury has occurred to this body part before.

98 observation

examination of an injury by visualizing for bleeding, swelling, deformity, or discoloration; always includes comparing the injured body part to the uninjured body part on the opposite side

99 palpation

examination by touch; used to find swelling, temperature, deformity, or point tenderness when evaluating an injury

100 hemarthrosis

blood in a joint

Athletic Training Vocabulary

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101 hematoma

a collection of blood beneath the skin

102 hematuria

blood in the urine

103 hemorrhage

escape of blood through ruptured walls of blood vessels

104 hydrocollator

moist heat pack

105 hypoxia

a lack of adequate amount of oxygen

106 ice massage

a treatment technique of rubbing ice over an area

107 inflammation

body tissue reaction to injury; involves redness, swelling, heat, loss of function, and pain

108 - itis

a suffix which means "inflammation of"

109 bursitis

inflammation of the bursa

110 fasciitis

inflammation of the fascia

111 myositis

inflammation of muscle tissue

112 tendinitis

inflammation of the tendon

113 joint laxity

looseness of joints due to stretching of ligaments

114 modality

a method or apparatus used for treatment or therapy (i.e. an ice pack, hydrocollator pad, or whirlpool)

115 mechanism of injury

how an injury happens; forces that cause an injury

116 myositis ossificans

formation of calcium within muscle tissue

117 necrosis

death of tissue

118 paraplegia

paralysis of the lower extremities

119 quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

120 point tenderness

pain or tenderness found upon palpation of the area

121 R.I.C.E.

a treatment plan for acute injuries. Acronym stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

122 radiating pain

pain that travels from the site of injury or source of pain to other sites

123 referred pain

pain that occurs away from the injury site or actual source of the pain

124 rehabilitation

to restore to a healthy condition after injury

125 separation

a pulling apart of a generally non-movable joint

126 shin splints

term referring to pain in the anterior portion of the lower leg; thought to be inflammation of the interosseous membrane (the membrane connecting the lower leg bones)

Athletic Training Vocabulary

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127 sprain

stretching or tearing of ligaments

128 strain

stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

129 stress fracture

a minute bone fracture which is caused by extreme exercise or over use; not always seen on a normal x-ray

130 tinnitus

ringing in the ears

131 vasoconstriction

decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

132 vasodilation

increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

133 xerostomia

having a dry mouth

134 ballistic stretching

an older stretching technique that uses repetitive bouncing motions

135 static stretching

passively stretching a muscle by placing it in a maximal stretch position and holding it there

136 collision sport

a sport in which athletes use their bodies to deter or punish their opponent

137 contact sport

a sport in which athletes make physical contact, but not with the intent to produce bodily injury

138 noncontact sport

a sport in which there is no physical contact between athletes