Archives for Language Documentation Resources

Archives for Language Documentation Resources Heidi Johnson The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America The University of Texas at Austin...
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Archives for Language Documentation Resources Heidi Johnson The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America The University of Texas at Austin

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

P Preamble bl Archives A hi are the h bbest hhope off preserving i andd maintaining access to irreplaceable resources in i endangered d d languages. l

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A li l hi little history Boasian grammar, dictionary, collection B i tradition: t diti di ti ll ti of texts Linguists gave field materials to museums & libraries, e.g. Museo de Antropología. Seeking a permanent home for endangered language materials. But,, not reallyy able to preserve p recordings, g , other than by storing them in a cool dark place.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Hi History, cont. Anything A hi that h can bbe published bli h d was & is i a distillation - the product of analysis. S Secondary/tertiary d / i resources. Hitherto no feasible means of preserving or publishing primary materials. The new millenium: digital g archives can preserve and/or publish anything.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Wh is What i an archive? hi ? A trusted d repository i createdd andd maintained i i d by an institution with a demonstrated commitment it t to t permanence and d the h llongterm preservation of archived resources.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Wh d archives hi Why we need To off endangered T preserve recordings di d d languages l for future generations To facilitate re-use re use of primary materials for: language education programs; typological historical, typological, historical comparative studies; anthropological, psychological, botanical, etc. research

To foster development of oral and written literatures in endangered languages To facilitate collaborative research and education. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Ad i l archives hi Advantages off di digital Digital media in standard formats: Can be migrated forward over time to keep them useful forever; Can be copied, served over the web, and transferred to analog media such as cassette tapes; Can be re-used: a word list can be turned into a multimedia learning dictionary; Can be transferred from one institution to another on portable external hard drives.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Wh i l archive hi What iis iin a di digital Recordings: audio R di di & video id Texts: scanned manuscripts (notebooks, file slips, li old ld articles ti l andd books) b k) Texts: digital (e.g. Word), converted to standard t d d formats f t (e.g. ( ascii ii text) t t) Databases: Excel, Shoebox, etc. converted to standard formats Photographs: scanned or digital INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Di d i l archives hi Disadvantages off di digital Equipment is E i i expensive i andd must be b upgraded every 3-5 years; Computational environment must be maintained by skilled professionals; If a digital file is mis-labelled and/or has no metadata,, it mayy be impossible p to figure g out what it is.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Establishing an archive: the iinstitutional i i l context Find the mostt stable Fi d th t bl iinstitution tit ti that th t you can to host the archive. H t iinstitution Host tit ti can provide: id Technical infrastructure and support Permanent full-time staff Credibility: an established reputation Connections to others working on similar projects to share resources. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Establishing an archive: the h l i l context technological Really R ll beyond b d the th scope off subject-area bj t specialists like linguists: S Servers th thatt can manage terabytes t b t off multimedia resources. N t Network k capacity it to t serve a national ti l & international user community. Constantl changing technology Constantly technolog req requires ires experts to keep up.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

E bli hi an archive, hi cont. Establishing Technology problem T h l bl is i a major j reason to t ally ll your archive with a bigger project, such as: L redd academica? La d i ? Internet 2: h // http://www.noc-internet2.unam.mx/ i 2 /

Biblioteca Digital Universitaria de la DGSCA: DGSCA http://www.bibliodgsca.unam.mx/

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Mi i statement Mission Define D fi clearly l l the scope and scale of the collection (e.g. M i /M Mexican/Mesoamerican/Latin i /L ti American A i languages); where h th the resources will ill come from f (e.g. ( legacy materials from researchers, new materials from community projects); who will be the archive's primary users.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi management: P Archive Personnell General G l manager Technical manager Metadata specialist Translator Digitizers

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi generall manager Archive Should be a subject area specialist: a linguist with ties to the documentary linguistics field, and preferablyy with fieldwork experience. p p overall direction, oversight of other staff fund-raising acquisition of new materials training workshops in corpus management, archive establishment participate in DELAMAN (Digital Endangered Languages and Musics Archive Network) INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi technical h i l manager Archive Most Information M t likely lik l someone from f I f ti Sciences. S i in charge of technical standards: audio & video & text digitization; maintains archive software: database and website stays t currentt with ith changes h in i digital di it l technologies t h l i training workshops in recording & digitization supervises digitizers, on and off-site

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi metadata d specialist i li Archive Someone or a S ffrom IInformation f ti Science S i linguist or anthropologist. Ch Choose andd customize t i a metadata t d t schema. h Participate in international metadata consortia ti (OLAC, (OLAC IMDI, IMDI Dublin D bli C Core)) Help depositors to develop metadata for their resources. reso rces Enter and review metadata for archived materials materials. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi translator l Archive There Th is i a wealth lth off information i f ti about b t digital di it l archiving, digital media, storage technologies, etc. in English that needs to be translated into Spanish. Spanish Metadata and other archive documents may also need to be translated into English or other languages. Supervise p translators working g in indigenous g languages.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Di i i i personnell Digitization Any A patient, ti t detail-oriented d t il i t d person can be b trained to do this work. W i ! Digitizing Warning! Di iti i is i very boring, b i but b t it requires careful attention to detail at every step It is very slow work step. work. Let other institutions and depositors help to digitize their materials according to archive specifications. Share the work!

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

D fi management policies li i Define Define procedures and policies for: acquisition of materials, including a triage strategy f prioritizing for i iti i the th digitization di iti ti schedule; h d l dissemination of materials, including access restrictions interface languages, restrictions, languages etc.; etc ; quality assurance; tracking digitization standards and forward migration to new digital formats; disaster recovery - backups, mirror sites, etc. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi M di Archive Management - R Readings OAIS R Reference Model Digital Libraries f M d l ffor Di it l Lib i http://www.ccsds.org/documents/650x0b1.pdf

EU-US EU US W Working ki Group G on S Spoken-Word k W d Audio A di Collections http://www dcs shef ac uk/spandh/projects/swag/ http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/spandh/projects/swag/

OLAC documents: http://www language archive org http://www.language_archive.org

DELAMAN archives: http://www.delaman.org INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Archive management: Overview off components Define the archival object: what you will preserve and how you will sort things. Design identifiers to label these objects. Choose a catalog system - called a metadata schema. Decide which formats to preserve and present to users. Determine policies for intellectual property rights. Develop access methods, e.g. a website.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Th hi l object bj I The archival Language documentation L d i resources tendd to come in sets of related items. At AILLA we call ll the h whole h l set an archive hi resource. A recording with text files (transcription, translation, l i annotations) i ) andd photographs; h h A thesis linked to lots of audio examples; A Kuna poem with a version in Spanish. Format variations for every resource (more later).

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Th hi l object bj II The archival Relations among objects must be R l i bj b preservedd by the archival method and documented in the h metadata. d It's helpful if the identifiers encode the relations, to make it easier for users to put a resource set back together.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

R l i bj Relations among objects derivation: e.g. a transcription a d i ti t i ti is i derived d i d from f recording series: e.g. e g a long recording that spans several tapes/discs part whole: e.g. part-whole: e g video & audio recordings made simultaneously of the same event association: (fuzzy) e.g. e g photographs of the narrator of a recording, commentaries

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

AILLA' C AILLA's Content T Type (N (Non-standard d d metadata d element.) l ) primary_text translation interlinearization annotation sample guide

transcription transcription&translation illustration commentary photograph table of contents

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Obj id Object identifiers ifi I Define D fi what h t constitutes tit t an archival hi l object bj t andd be consistent in applying your definition. 1 digital 1. di it l objects bj t correspondd to t original i i l media: Suárez tape 1 + notebook 1, part 1 (especially good if you are also archiving the originals) 2 digital objects correspond to documentary 2. events and/or some notion of intellectual content: "El nahual",, recordingg + text INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Obj id Object identifiers ifi Id ifi should Identifiers h ld support: ™ retrieval of the original (analog) medium if these h are preservedd iin the h same archive; hi ™ matching an object to related objects; ™ correct citation of archived resources; ™ correct relocation of the object in the archive if i gets misplaced. it i l d

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Obj ifi at AILLA Object id identifiers AILLA: I Primary sortt is (using Pi i by b language l ( i the th 3-letter 3 l tt Ethnologue code): ZOH001R040I001 ZOH001R040I001.mp3 3 ZOH = language code 001 = ddeposit it number b (fi (firstt ddeposit) it) R040 = 40th Resource in that deposit I001 = 1st item in that resource .mp3 = file format extension

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Obj ifi at AILLA Object id identifiers AILLA: II Files Fil comprising i i resource ZOH001R020: ZOH001R020 ZOH001R020I001.mp3 ZOH001R020I001 ZOH001R020I001.wav ZOH001R020I001-sa.mp3 ZOH001R020I002 mp3 ZOH001R020I002.mp3 ZOH001R020I002.wav ZOH001R020I001.txt ZOH001R020I001.pdf

zoque audio zoque audio di zoque audio 1-min sample spanish audio spanish audio interlinear text orig. g format text download format

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Identifiers and archive organization i i AILLA id identifiers ifi facilitate f ili the h organization i i of the archive file system by language and b ddeposit by i number: b ailla | MHC | MHC001

NAH | NAH001

OTA ZOQ | ____|________ | OTA001 | | ZOQ0001 ZOQ002

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Identifiers and archive organization Other use different Oth archives hi diff t organizational i ti l criteria: it i DoBeS: organized hierarchically by project and type of data PARADISEC: organized by depositor/creator (identifiers start with initials) Existing (non-digital) archives may use existing catalog system for new digital versions. versions

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Obj id Object identifiers, ifi last l wordd Changing identifiers is very tedious and risky work! Think long and hard about your system, to be sure that it reflects: the kinds of materials that you will archive your workflow your institutional/technological context

Test your system on a pilot set of resources. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Metadata: catalog information for di i l resources digital Information I f ti for f administration, d i i t ti content t t description, resource description, and rights. Metadata schema should be OLAC OLAC-compliant. compliant Best practice is to adopt and customize an existing schema (OLAC, (OLAC IMDI) to maximize interinter operability. Be an active participant in the international language archive community.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

M d II Metadata Catalog C l information i f i supports: archive management protection of sensitive materials searching use of resources by many people proper citation it ti off archived hi d resources

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

M d III Metadata Two compatible T ibl schemas h for f language l resources: 1. OLAC: The Open Language Archives Community. (Univ. Pennsylvania) http://www.language-archives.org 2. IMDI: International Standards for Language Engineering Metadata Initiative (MPINijemegen) http://www.mpi.nl/IMDI

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

M d IV : minimum i i iinfo f Metadata Speakers' S k ' ffull ll names. Language: Be specific: Zoque of San Miguel Chimalapa Oaxaca, Chimalapa, Oaxaca Mexico. Mexico Date of creation: YYYY-MM-DD. Use the primary (recording) date for the set. set Place of creation: Be specific: village, state, country or river valley, country, valley region, region country… country Access restrictions & instructions, if necessary. Genre keywords, keywords e.g. e g narrative, narrative word list INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

IMDI Session bundle = resource Title, date, place, description Depositor: contact info Project: name, director, sponsor, etc. Participants: name, name alias, alias role, role demographic data Resources: provenance, formats, relations, etc. Content: context, genre, narrative description, etc etc. References: relevant publications

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

OLAC Archival A hi l object bj t definition d fi iti is i up to t you Contributors / creators Title, i l date, d description d i i Resource info: formats Relation to other objects Subject - linguistic subfield, e.g. phonology Type.linguistic = genre, e.g. discourse, lexicon

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Example of AILLA's metadata (b d on IMDI) (based ID: ZOH001R020 Title Satornino 'i Soldao'øyti' Date 1994-07-03 Place Fortín de las Flores, Veracruz, Mexico D Description: i i Satornino S i andd the h Soldiers. S ldi This Thi is i a local l l hero h story, first fi told ld by b the h hero himself, Satornino. My consultant, German Sanchez, learned it from his father, Agripino Sanchez, who learned it from Satornino. The story takes place in San Miguel Chimalapa, Oaxaca, Mexico, sometime during Satornino's young adult life - possibly during the Mexican Revolution, Revolution around 1918. 1918 Participants: Germán Sánchez Morales: role: Speaker, year-born:1940; sex: M; nativelanguage: ZOH; other-languages: other languages: SPN, SPN ZAP Heidi Johnson: role:Researcher, Depositor, year-born:1956; sex:F; nativelanguage: ENG; other-languages: SPN

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Example, cont.: Media details for one file ZOH001R018I001.wav ZOH001R018I001 wav Language: ZOH Content type: primary_text Archival-object: No Access level: 1 (public) Length: 00:09:01 File size: 46M Format: 44.1/24 Digi g pplatform: PC,, Flying y g Cow,, SoundForge g Original medium: cassette tape Recording quality: 3 (1-5, low-high) Archived by: haj Archive date: 2004-12-10 2004 12 10 Description:

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

M d - Li k Metadata Links OLAC http://www.languagearchives.org

IMDI http://www.mpi.nl/IMDI

Dublin Core http://es.dublincore.org/

METS http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/

AILLA http://www ailla utexas org/metadata sp html http://www.ailla.utexas.org/metadata_sp.html INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Ci i off archive Citation hi resources Sánchez Sá h Morales, M l Germán. G á (1994). (1994) "S "Satornino i y los soldados." [online] Heidi Johnson, (R (Researcher) h ) http://www.ailla.utexas.org: htt // ill t Archive of the Indigenous Languages of L ti America. Latin A i Access=public. A bli ZOH001R010.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

IIntellectual ll lP Property Develop D l policies li i that h address: dd liability issues for archive and host institution; rights g of resource creators,, both native speakers and researchers; any special conditions or concerns that creators may wish to attach to the resource; access and use requirements for users users. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

I ll Intellectual l Property P Provide guidelines for resource producers for eliciting consent to archive & publish. Haga g ppoliticos con respecto p a copiar p y/o y hacer sitio de espejo con otros archivos. Todos las restricciones y datos sobre derechos tienen que viajar con cada recurso!

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

IIntellectual ll lP l Property - E Examples AIATSIS: AIATSIS http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/ASEDA/ASEDA. html

AILLA: http://www.ailla.utexas.org/site/use conditions sp.html http://www.ailla.utexas.org/site/use_conditions_sp.html

OLAC: http://www languagehttp://www.language archives.org/docs/license.html

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

IIntellectual ll lP di Property - R Readings Lieberman article Li b ti l [http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/exploration/expl 2000/papers/liberman/liberman html] 2000/papers/liberman/liberman.html] Copyright info from UT lawyer [http://www utsystem edu/OGC/intellectual [http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/intellectual property/index.htm] World Intellectual Property Organization [http://www.wipo.int]

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

F Formats I Archive kinds A hi may ddeall with i h 3 ki d off formats: f Working format: what the linguist uses in the field. Presentation format: what we use for publication. Archival format: what we preserve preserve.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

F Formats II

archival

Textt T a grammar tiff / XML

Audio A di Vid Video a recording a film PCM wav mpeg2

presentation pdf / html

mp3

??

working

minidisc

Digital camera format

Excel / MS Word

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

F Formats III Clearly from Cl l distinguish di i i h archival hi l formats f f presentation formats so that users understand d d that h digital di i l materials i l in i presentation formats are not archive-quality materials. i l Archives should publish their digitization standards as guidelines for producers who wish to deposit digital materials. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

F Formats IV General for G l requirements i f archive-quality hi li (master copy) formats: non-proprietary; that is, the encoding is in the public domain; portable, re-useable; best possible reproduction of the original original.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

F Formats V Archival A hi l objects bj (fil (files in i wav, tiff, iff XML, XML etc. formats) will be migrated forward when necessary in i the h future. f They’ll be converted to the new format. All the other versions will be discarded and new ppresentation/workingg formats will be generated from the new archival copies.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A di fformats I Audio PCM linear wav is li i the h standard d d audio di preservation format. For speech, CD-quality is acceptable: 44.1 kHz sample rate, 16 bit depth

One step up: 44.1 / 24 bit depth For music (and for speech, speech according to some experts): 96 kHz / 24 bit depth

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A di fformats II Audio (from the EMELD School: http://emeld.org/school/classroom/audio/index.html

Sample p rate: how many y times pper second the sound wave is measured by the digitization software; Bit depth: specifies the range of numbers used to represent the sample. In both cases cases, higher values (96/24) will yield more faithful reproductions of the original. Higher g e values va ues will w also a so yield y e d bigger b gge files. es. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A di formats Audio f III File sizes Fil i for f a 10-minute 10 i recording: di 44.1/16 51M 44.1/24 76M mp3 (128 kbps) 9.2M 9 2M CD-quality =~ 5M per minute ** mp3 is a compressed format INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

T Text fformats Goal: the file G l tto be b able bl tto read d th fil in i 10 years without searching for obsolete software. E Experts t recommendd XML andd Unicode U i d (but (b t they don't tell us how to do it yet.) XML & HTML are jjustt plain l i text t t with ith structured tags that describe the formatting. Plain text te t and tab-separated tab separated te textt (o (output tp t from Word, Excel, Shoebox) are perfect.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

F di Formats - R Readings EMELD S School Bestt Practice: h l off B P ti http://emeld.org/school/index.html For images: i http://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/tutoria l l-spanish/contents.html i h/ t t ht l Colorado Digitization Program: http://www.cdpheritage.org/resource/audio/std_ audio.htm

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A di di i i i equipment i Audio digitization PC/Mac PC/M with ith 1 Gb RAM, RAM 40+ hard h d disc di Software: SoundForge (PC only), ProTools, CoolEdit Analog-to-digital converter: Flying Cow, Lucid, others (more expensive to connect more components at once) Media players Cables, speakers, headphones

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A di di i i i procedures d I Audio digitization For open open-reel reel tapes: play them first, first to determine: speed, number of sides, volume levels; clean and repair p old splices p rewind tape evenly.

Digitize a whole side and then cut the digital recording into segments (e.g. several stories on one tape) using the audio software. Some cleanup may be necessary to boost volume (normalize).

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A di di i i i procedures d II Audio digitization With (PC), Wi h SoundForge S dF (PC) you can digitize di i i several recordings (~10) and use the B hC BatchConverter to produce d mp3, 3 11-min. i samples (files > 10 mins.) and cd-quality wav versions i for f your users. It takes at least 5 hours to process 1 hour of recording.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Archiving workflow: processing a new deposit d i off materials i l I 1 S 1. Sortt the th deposit d it into i t resources, assigning i i archive hi identifiers and labelling everything clearly. 2 Start a deposit process log to keep track of each 2. step in the process as it's done. 3 Digitize the analog materials. 3. materials 4. Do the metadata. This will probably require multiple consultations with the depositors. depositors

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi i workflow Archiving kfl II 6. P 6 Produce d presentation t ti formats f t (mp3, ( 3 pdf). df) 7. Upload the digital objects to the server and/or d/ th the external t l hard h d drive d i and/or d/ archival CD/DVDs. 8 Link 8. Li k th the fil files to t the th metadata. t d t 9. Test. Best to have a different person do it. 10. Make backups daily & weekly and store them in a different location. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

D b ffor metadata d Databases mySql: S l http://www.mysql.org htt // l + free, doc in many lgs, lots of help on the internet, not hard to learn the basics basics.(http://sqlzoo.net/es/) (http://sqlzoo net/es/) - need a programmer to build the foundation (can start with AILLA's and modify that)

FilemakerPro: $200. Lots of templates, easy to learn (relatively), no programming (exactly). PARADISEC. PARADISEC Oracle: $$$$$. Very powerful. Requires a programmer. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi storage Archive Best B t is i a full f ll network t k server installation i t ll ti that th t someone else (professionals) manages! Next is a mid-range mid range business grade server installation. Must consult locally knowledgeable people for specifics. Short-term (~5 years): personal computer with a 500+ Gb disc and external hard drives for backup. p In 5 years you MUST transfer all files to a new drive to stay current. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A hi iinterfaces Archive f You can offer presentation copies only: cassettes cds, cassettes, cds texts on portable media. media And/or make available on the Internet: PHP: scripting language, free, good docs, works with mySQL, very popular worldwide h // http://www.php.net/manual/es/ h / l/ / Commercial web-development software

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

How long will it take to set all hi up?? this Initial development: 1-2 I i i l website b i & database d b d l 12 years depending on staff, infrastructure, technology h l choices. h i After 2 years you will find 100 things you want to change, so plan on at least some redevelopment in 2-3 years.

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

D il archive hi physical h i l space Details: Office Offi space for f eachh full-time f ll ti staff t ff position. iti Digitization lab: AILLA’s lab is about 5m x 7m. Sufficient for 3 digitization stations, stations a worktable for sorting deposits and holding meetings, and an extra computer to use while digitizing on the others. Lots of shelves for storingg deposits p in progress. p g

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

D il miscellaneous i ll li Details: supplies CDs CD & cases for f making ki copies i for f depositors; d it DVDs for a convenient backup format; externall hard h d drive d i for f backing b ki up administrative d i i i computer (manager’s); speakers, k hheadphones d h – 2 each h ffor each h station; t ti every kind of cable ever made; neat white boxes for sorting and temporarily storing deposits in progress; t tape cleaning l i andd splicing li i supplies li INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

D il a di i i i station i Details: digitization Computer: C t Dell D ll Dimension Di i (PC) with ith 1 Gb RAM and 40 Gb hard disk. AD converter: M-Audio M Audio Flying Cow (44.1/24) (44 1/24) Software: SoundForge 6.0 M di players: Media l open-reel: Revox, Aiva, Uhers cassette: Tascam minidisc: Tascam

Scanner: HP INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

I all Is ll this hi really ll worthh it? i?

Absolutelyy yes! y

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

A well-established ll bli h d archive hi Can C foster f t “archivelets” “ hi l t ” or “jukebox “j k b archives” hi ” in i local communities: an ordinary computer with a set of mp3s, mp3s refreshed from the mother archive whenever necessary; Can encourage comprehensive language documentation by providing a place to preserve and publish recordings; Can distribute educational materials over the Internet to bilingual teachers around the country. INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

Li k Links Integración I t ió tecnológica t ló i para educación: d ió http://distancia.dgsca.unam.mx/

“Experiencia “E i i de d la l redd académica dé i mexicana i (CUDI)”: htt //l i http://lacnic.net/CUDI-MX-lacnicVI.pdf t/CUDI MX l i VI df

Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas: http://cuib.unam.mx/

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

M k More li links LINGUIST-LIST LINGUIST LIST archive hi searchh engine: i http://cf.linguistlist.org/cfdocs/new-website/LLWorkingDirs/olac/olac search advanced cfm WorkingDirs/olac/olac-search-advanced.cfm

INALI, México D. F., 2 junio 2005

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