Arc Flash as it Relates to MV Drives Matt Smochek Product Manager GH180 Air Cooled Drives Unrestricted © Siemens 2016

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Arc Flash as it Relates to MV Drives • Portfolio • Options • Reasoning • Arc-Flash • Regulations & Standards for Arc-Flash • Definitions • Regulations & Standards for Switchgear • IEC vs IEEE Comparison • Requirements • Criteria • Arc Resistant Solution • Testing • Final Drive Solution

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SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY GH180 product portfolio: Medium Voltage drives Medium Voltage Drives Product Family SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY GH180

SINAMICS GM150

SINAMICS SM150

180 kVA - 15.5 MVA

1 - 13 MVA (IGBT) 5 - 24 MVA (IGCT)

3.4 - 7.2 MVA (IGBT) 5 - 31.5 MVA (IGCT)

Output Voltage 2.3 - 11 kV

Output Voltage 2.3 - 4.16 kV (IGBT & IGCT) 6.6 kV (IGCT)

Output Voltage 3.3 kV (IGCT & IGBT) 4.16 kV (IGBT)

Output Voltage 4.16 kV / 6.6 kV

Output Voltage 1.4 – 10.3 kV

Output Voltage 1.5 - 4 kV

Multi-cell Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

3-level-NPC Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

3-level-NPC Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

3-level NPC / M2C Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

Load Commutated Inverter (LCI)

Current Source Inverter (CSI)

LV-IGBT

HV-IGBT (Air-/ Water-cooled)

HV-IGBT (Air-/ Water-cooled)

LV/HV-IGBT

Thyristor

Thyristor

Air-/ Water-cooled

IGCT (Water-cooled)

IGCT (Water-cooled)

Water-cooled

Air-/ Water-cooled

Air-/ Water-cooled

SINAMICS SM120 CM 7.2 / 6.5 MVA

SINAMICS GL150

SINAMICS SL150

2.8 - 85 MVA per unit

3 - 40 MVA

(higher power ratings on request)

9 cell AG 2016 All rights reserved. Unrestricted ©GenIV Siemens

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Industrial drive 6SR4 ■ 02 – 9/12 Cell, 40-375A or 9/12/15/18 Cell 500/660/750A

Input Voltage

Up to 13.8 kV, ±10% -10% (if over modulation required, -5% with no power derating or -10% with power derating)

Motor Voltages

2.3, 3.3, 4.16, 4.6, 4.8 kV, 6.6kV, 6.9kV and/or 8.0/8.4kV

Input frequency

50 / 60 Hz, ± 5 %

Output frequency & drift

0 – 330 Hz, ± 0.5 %

Cell Current

40, 70, 100, 140, 200, 260 A - 315, 375 A and/or 500A, 660A, 750A

Overload

Standard 110% overload capability (1 min/10 min) without derating, 150% available with de-rate. NO overload for 750A power cell.

Output Power

300 to 2458 HP and/or 9000HP 224 to 1834 kW and/or 5965 kW

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Note: “■” symbol denotes manufacturing location

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Available Options

Variety of configurations for control of auxiliaries

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Reasoning Why do we need the arc-resistant option? • • • • •

•

Arc-resistant requirements are increasingly seen in requests for quote

Increased plant and operator safety is the key benefit for an arc-resistant product. Safety is a key concern by the major oil and gas companies Reduced damage to additional or external equipment near or around the drive Capability is needed across several focus markets Major competitors are currently addressing arc-resistant requirements in a number of ways however one major competitor introduced an arc-resistant product

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Arc-Flash What is Arc-Flash?  Flow of current through air between ungrounded conductors or between ungrounded conductors and grounded conductors. • Temperature can reach 35000F!! • Vaporization of conductor material • Arc blast: Explosive expansion of surrounding air & metal in the arc path • Pressure wave ~ 2000 lbs/sq ft • Sound wave ~ 165dB • Fireball travelling at ~ 700mph

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Arc-Flash Effects of Arc-Flash

Short Arc-Flash Video Notice direction of arc

Injury • Extremely high temperature ignites cloths & burns skin • High pressure causes severe injury • High sound wave causes rupture of ear drums & collapse of lungs • Shrapnel penetrates human body • The flash can blind a person in a close proximity Financial Impact • Production loss • Litigation fees & charges Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved. Page 8

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Arc-Flash Common Causes of Arc-Flash • Equipment Design & Workmanship • Improper (unsafe) design of the equipment • Compromised joints / terminations Examples: At bus-bars, cable joints, breakers, fuses etc • Site Condition & Material Fatigue • Build-up of dust or debris, • Insulation breakdown (MV/HV) • Human Error • Unsafe work procedures • Maintenance mistakes • Mishandling of tools • Vendor quality Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved. Page 9

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Regulations & Standards for Arc-Flash for MV Drives • Currently there are NO drive standards for an Arc-Resistant design. A drive standard is in work in IEC (Annex in 62477-2), but not yet released SO WHAT DID WE DO? • Compared Switchgear Standards • IEC vs. IEEE • How can we apply to the GH180 product line? • Created Requirement Specs for R&D • Lesson Learned from previous tests and product simulations • What do we mean by simulations? Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved. Page 10

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Regulations & Standards for Switchgear  ANSI categories: • Medium-Voltage Metal-Clad switchgear • ANSI/IEEE C37.20.2-1999 • Medium-Voltage motor controllers • (UL 347-2009) • Sixth edition being readied for ballot (2012) • Evaluation methods for arc resistance ratings of enclosed electrical equipment • CSA C22.2 No. 0.22-11  IEC categories: • Medium-Voltage Metal-Clad switchgear and control gear • IEC 60694 – replaced by IEC 62271-1 (2007) • IEC 60298 – replaced by IEC 62271-200 ed. 2.0 (2011)

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Definitions (Clear Requirements) Arc-fault detection: Equipment capable of detecting electric arcs by means of sensors (light, pressure, etc.) and sending a command to open and deenergize the fault.

Arc-resistant: Equipment designed to withstand or mitigate the effects of an internal arcing fault as indicated by an appropriate label meeting the test requirements of IEC 62271-200.

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Definitions

 Internal Arc Classified (IAC) Switchgear Definition: • Metal-enclosed switchgear or controlgear for which prescribed criteria for protection of persons are met in the event of internal arc as demonstrated by the appropriate test.  Accessibility Type (A): Restricted to Authorized Access Only.  FLR: Access from the front (F), sides (L) and the rear (R).

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IEC vs. IEEE Comparison (Key Points) Standard Number Accessibility Type

ANSI/IEEE C37.20.7 - 2007 (Corrig. IEC 62271-200 Edition 2 (2011) CSA C22.2 No. 0.22-11 2010) Type 1—Switchgear with arcAccessibility Type A: restricted to Type 1—Switchgear with arcresistant designs or features at the authorized personnel only. resistant designs or features at the freely accessible front of the Accessibility Type B: unrestricted freely accessible front of the equipment only. accessibility, including that of the equipment only. Type 2—Switchgear with arcgeneral public. Type 2—Switchgear with arcresistant designs or features at the Accessibility type C: Accessibility resistant designs or features at the freely accessible exterior (front,back, restricted by installation out of reach freely accessible exterior (front,back, and above a general public area. and sides) of the equipment only. and sides) of the equipment only. NOTE 1 Accessibility type C is intended for pole mounted switchgear and control gear. NOTE 2 IAC classification as defined in this Standard does not apply to opened compartments and to arc protection between compartments. IEEE C.37.20.7 addresses these topics in Suffix B designation for opened lowvoltage compartments and in Suffix C designation for arc protection between compartments

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IEC vs. IEEE Comparison (Key Points) Standard Number

ANSI/IEEE C37.20.7 - 2007 (Corrig. 2010)

Assessment

Criterion 1: That properly latched or secured doors, covers, and so on, do not open. Criterion 2: No fragmentation of the enclosure occurs within the time specified for the test. Criterion 3: Assessment of burn-through: Accessibility Type 1: That arcing does not cause holes in the freely accessible front of the enclosure. Accessibility Type 2: That arcing does not cause holes in the freely accessible front, sides and rear of the enclosure. Criterion 4: That no indicators ignite as a result of escaping gases. Criterion 5: That all the grounding connections remain effective.

Indicators

5.4.1 - Vertical indicators are to be located from floor level to a height of 2 m (79 in) from the floor and at a distance of 100 mm ± 15 mm (4 in.) from the surface of the cloth to the switchgear, facing all points where gas is likely to be emitted, based on Accessibility Type (e.g., joints, inspection windows, or doors). If the equipment is intended for mounting on an elevated base, indicators should be placed below the base of the test sample to monitor gas escape at the floor level. Horizontal indicators are to be located at a height of 2 m (79 in) from the floor and horizontally covering the whole area between 100 mm ± 15 (4 in) and 800 mm (31 in) from the test sample, around the perimeter of the test sample as required by the Accessibility Type to evaluate hazards from falling debris, particles, or gas reflected by room simulations or adjacent equipment.

IEC 62271-200 Edition 2 (2011)

CSA C22.2 No. 0.22-11

Criterion No. 1 Correctly secured doors and covers Clause 6 - Criterion No. 1 - Doors, covers, wiring do not open. Deformations are accepted, provided plugs, windows or similar items shall not open. Criterion No. 2 - No fragmentation of the enclosure that no part comes as far as the position of the indicators or the walls (whichever is the closest) in shall occur within the time specified for the test. every side. The switchgear and controlgear do not Criterion No. 3 - Assessment of Burn-through. need to comply with its IP code after the test. Arcing shall not cause holes in the accessible sides Criterion No. 2 – No fragmentation of the up to a height of 2 m. enclosure occurs within the time specified for the a) Accessibility Type 1 - Arcing shall not cause test. Projections of small parts, up to an individual holes in the freely accessible front of the enclosure. mass of 60 g, are accepted. Criterion No. 3 Arcing b) Accessibility Type 2 - Arcing shall not cause does not cause holes in the accessible sides up to holes in the freely accessible front, sides and rear a height of 2 m. Criterion No. 4 Indicators do not of the enclosure. Criterion No. 4 - No Indicators ignite due to the effect of hot gases. Criterion No. (see clause 5.4) shall ignite as a result of escaping 5 The enclosure remains connected to its earthing gases or particles. Criterion No. 5 - All the point. grounding connections shall remain effective. Accessibility type A (authorized personnel). Indicators shall be placed at each accessible side, on a mounting rack, at distances depending on the type of accessibility. Indicators shall be fitted vertically at all accessible sides of the metalenclosed switchgear and controlgear up to a height of 2 m evenly distributed, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, covering 40-50% of the area. The distance from the indicators to the switchgear and controlgear shall be 300 mm ±15 mm. Indicators shall also be arranged horizontally at a height of 2 m above the floor and covering the whole area between 300 mm and800 mm from the metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear. When the ceiling is placed at a height of 2 m above the floor (refer to indent a) of A.3.2) no horizontal indicators are required. The indicators shall be evenly distributed, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, covering 40-50 % of the area.

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IEC vs. IEEE Comparison (Key Points) ANSI/IEEE C37.20.7 - 2007 (Corrig. IEC 62271-200 Edition 2 (2011) Standard 2010) Number Arcing Duration The preferred rated arcing duration is The test duration shall be stated by 0.5 s. Although any value of rated the manufacturer. Standard recommended values are 1 s, 0,5 s arcing duration is permitted, the minimum recommend duration is 0.1 and 0,1 s. NOTE It is in general not possible to s. It is generally considered calculate the permissible arc duration unnecessary to test for durations for a current which differs from that longer than 1.0 s. used in the test. The maximum pressure during the test will generally not decrease with a shorter arcing time and there is no universal rule according to which the permissible arc duration may be increased with a lower test current.

CSA C22.2 No. 0.22-11 The preferred arcing duration for this test is 0.5 seconds at the rated power frequency of the equipment. If arc duration limiting devices are used, they shall be identified and the duration time shall be noted on the nameplate. Note: While any value of rated arcing duration is permitted, the minimum recommended duration is 0.1 seconds to evaluate the effects of overpressure. It is generally considered unnecessary to test for durations longer than 1.0 second.

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Requirements  What are the requirements? • The design goal is to create a product such that there are means to prevent an arc fault, mitigate an arc fault and direct the arc fault away from personnel by successfully passing all necessary tests per IEC 62271-200. During the fault, doors shall remain closed, no parts shall fly off, no holes shall burn into the enclosure, and the earthing and bonding shall remain intact. • Sinamics GH180 target  IAC: AFLR

MAJOR CRITERIA KA rating = 35kA Duration = 500ms Particulates =