Dipartimento Scienze agrarie e forestali Università degli Studi di Palermo
APULIA SEEDLESS: DESCRIPTION AND EFFECT OF CULTURAL PRACTICES Pietro Scafidi, Bartolomeo De Tommaso, Cesare La Sorella, Stefano Somma, Rosario Di Lorenzo.
DESCRIPTION Apulia is a late season variety IN ITALY: • Budbreak (BBCH 08) beginning of April (2-3 days after Crimson)
• Full bloom (BBCH 65) at mid-May (5-6 days after Crimson) • Ripening from late September to midOctober (the grape can stay on the vine until mid-December).
DESCRIPTION
Very productive
(1.76 bunches per shoot)
Fertile on the basal buds
DESCRIPTION The cluster is natutal long, conical with large shoulders. The rachis is green and strong, the link to the shoot is woody at harvest.
Apulia produces red firm berries strongly linked to the rachis (berry removal force: 4.17 N).
BUNCH HAS TO BE TRIMMED
DESCRIPTION The berry has generally spherical shape, medium size (average mass of 5.5 g), and herbaceous rudimentary seeds.
At ripening the taste is neutral, having low total acidity (below 4.6 g/L of Tartaric acid) and a TSS/TA ratio between 25 and 30.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE MATERIAL LOCATION:
Soc. Coop. Agricola Ponterosa, Taranto, Italy
ROOTSTOCK:
140 Ruggeri
TRELLIS SYSTEM:
Gable Trellis (2.4m within rows and 3 m between rows)
PRUNING SYSTEM:
4 canes of 12 buds
IRRIGATION SYSTEM:
Drip
BUNCHES PER VINE:
Adjusted at 45
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE METHOD BERRY DIAMETER: 10 and 12 mm (17 June 2013). TREATMENTS 5 ppm CPPU (Sitofex® Forclorfenuron 7,5 g/L - AlzChem Trostberg); 5 ppm GA3 (Gibersol Giberellic Acid 47,8 g/L - CIFO); 5 ppm CPPU + 5 ppm GA3 Untreated The PGRs were applied directly to the clusters with a handheld sprayer until runoff. Each treatment was randomly replicated three times on three adjacent rows (3 field replicates of 5 vines).
METHOD MEASUREMENTS AT HARVEST Berry and bunch weight (g) Berry removal force (N) Berry breaking force (N) required to compress a berry through a needle probe (8 mm diameter) to crack it. Total soluble solids (Brix) Titratable acidity (grams of tartaric acid per 100 ml of juice); Color of skin (CIELAB color system) Means and standard errors were reported. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD test was used at a 5% level of significance (α=0.05). All statistical analyses were performed using SYSTAT® 12
RESULTS EFFECT OF PGRS APPLICATIONS ON BERRY CHARACTERISTICS Berry weight (g) 8.00 7.00 6.00
6.14
6.67 5.8
5.46
5.00 4.00
d
b
c
a
3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Natural
CPPU
GA3
CPPU + GA3
Berry diameter (mm) 22.5
22.04
22 21.5
21.09
21 20.5
20.47
20.17
20 19.5
d
b
c
a
19 18.5 Natural
CPPU
GA3
CPPU + GA3
RESULTS EFFECT OF PGRS APPLICATIONS ON BUNCH CHARACTERISTICS Bunch weight (g) 960 940 920 900 880 860 840 820 800 780 760 740
913.47 890.9 864.2 835.69
bc
Natural
ab
b
CPPU
GA3
a
CPPU + GA3
Nr. of berries per bunch 180 160
153.2
140
149.1
145.7
145.9
120 100
n.s.
80 60 40 20 0 Natural
CPPU
GA3
CPPU + GA3
RESULTS EFFECT OF PGRS APPLICATIONS ON BERRY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Berry removal force (N) 6.00 5.00
5.28 4.17
4.32
4.57
4.00 3.00
b
a
b
ab
Natural
CPPU
GA3
CPPU + GA3
2.00 1.00 0.00
Berry breaking force (N) 40
34.59
35 30
28.9
28.67
22.43
25 20 15
b
a
c
b
GA3
CPPU + GA3
10 5 0 Natural
CPPU
RESULTS EFFECT OF PGRS APPLICATIONS ON BERRY CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Total Soluble Solids (°Brix) 18.50 18.00
17.88
17.83
17.50 16.85
17.00
16.50 16.00
16.25
a
b
a
b
GA3
CPPU + GA3
15.50 15.00 Natural
CPPU
TSS/TA 30.00
28.82
29.00
27.97
28.00 27.00
25.97
26.00
25.1
25.00 24.00 23.00
a
b
a
b
22.00 Natural
CPPU
GA3
CPPU + GA3
RESULTS EFFECT OF PGRS APPLICATIONS ON SKIN BERRY COLOR Lightness (L*) 33.76
35.00 33.00 31.00 29.00 27.00 25.00 23.00 21.00 19.00 17.00 15.00
33.69
32.23
n.s.
Natural
CPPU
GA3
10.2
10.1
9.9
CPPU + GA3
Hue angle on the color wheel (h°)
Chroma (C*) 12.00
32.79
9.7
10.00
25.00
20.85
20.31
19.59
18.39
20.00
8.00
15.00
n.s.
6.00 4.00
10.00
2.00
5.00
0.00
n.s.
0.00 Natural
CPPU
GA3
CPPU + GA3
Natural
CPPU
GA3
CPPU + GA3
CONCLUSIONS PGRs application improved berry weight and diameter. The highest value was recorded under the treatment with 5 ppm CPPU + 5 ppm GA3 CPPU improved berry removal force and fruit firmness, especially when it was sprayed by its own Soluble solids were decreased by CPPU application, but changes were not enough to change probable harvest date of the fruit
It is notable that grapes treated with CPPU or GA3 had essentially the same color as untreated grapes, confirming that Apulia Seedless has good genetic coloring potentiality The combined use of CPPU and GA3 has the potential to improve the quality of Apulia Seedless table grapes because they are generally effective at increasing berry size and the physical properties of the grape and meanwhile the negative effects of CPPU on maturity, and particularly on sugar content and skin color, can be negligible
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION….. Dr. Pietro Scafidi Agricultural Consultant - Agriproject Group Australia email:
[email protected] | Australian mobile: 0487147137 |Italian mobile: +39 3454635161