APPETIZER FOR TOEFL (PBT)

BY

CB (COACH BARANS)

TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE This tips and tricks workshop is intended for people with prior knowledge of 500+ English vocabulary entries.

WORST-CASE SCENARIO DURING A TOEFL TEST SECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION  GROGGY/PANIC

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION  CONFUSED SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION SLEEPY

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

STRUCTURE

WORD CLAUSE

PHRASE

SENTENCE

QUIZ

PHARSE? CLAUSE? LET’S ANSWER IT LATER…

WORDS NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB PREPOSITION CONNECTOR

WORDS NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB PREPOSITION CONNECTOR

WORD ENDINGS IN ENGLISH NOUN NOUN (PERSON) (THING)

VERB

ADJECTIVE

ADVERB -LY

-ER

-NCE

-ATE

-FUL

-OR

-ISM

-IZE

-NT

-IST

-NESS

-FY

-AL

-IAN

-LOGY

-BLE

-ION

-OUS

-TY

OBSERVER OBSERVANT OBSERVANTLY

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION

NP

OBSERVER

NP

OBSERVANT

ADJ

OBSERVANTLY

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION

OBSERVER

NP

OBSERVANT

ADJ

OBSERVANTLY

ADV

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION

OBSERVER

NP

OBSERVANT

ADJ

OBSERVANTLY

ADV

OBSERVANCE

NT

OBSERVATION

OBSERVER

NP

OBSERVANT

ADJ

OBSERVANTLY

ADV

OBSERVANCE

NT

OBSERVATION

NT

PRESENCE PRESENTER PRESENTATION

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY

NT

PRESENCE

NT

PRESENTER

NP

PRESENTATION

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE

NT

PRESENTER

NP

PRESENTATION

NT

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE

NT

PRESENTER

NP

PRESENTATION

NT

PRESENTABLE

ADJ

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE

NT

PRESENTER

NP

PRESENTATION

NT

PRESENTABLE

ADJ

PRESENTLY

PRESENCE

NT

PRESENTER

NP

PRESENTATION

NT

PRESENTABLE

ADJ

PRESENTLY

ADV

NOUNS PLACES PERSONS NAMES THINGS

NOUNS

FUNCTIONS: 1.AS A SUBJECT 2.AS AN OBJECT

VERBS ACTION VERBS AUXILLIARY VERBS

ACTION VERBS VERB 1

VERB 2

VERB 3

VERB -ING

WALK (S)

WALKED

WALKED

WALKING

WRITE (S)

WROTE

WRITTEN

WRITING

THINK(S)

THOUGHT THOUGHT THINKING

AUXILLIARY VERBS 1. TO BE (AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN, BEING) 2. PERFECT ASPECT (HAS, HAVE, HAD) 3. MODALS (WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.) 4. DO, DOES, DID (-/?)

ADJECTIVES O SI A S C O M P

OPINION (GOOD) SIZE (BIG) AGE (NEW) SHAPE (SQUARE) COLOR (BLUE) ORIGIN (BRITISH) MATERIAL (IRON) PURPOSE (CHEMICAL)

ADJECTIVE (write on a paper) FUNCTIONS

ADJECTIVE

NOUN

BEAUTIFUL

GIRLS

I SAW A BEAUTIFUL GIRL

ADVERBS VERB

ADVERB

SING

BEAUTIFULLY

ARE

ACTIVELY (USING/USED)

ADVERB

ADJECTIVE

ORIGINALLY

CRISPY

ADVERB

ADVERB

INCREDIBLY

QUICKLY

ADVERBS VERB

ADVERB

SING

BEAUTIFULLY

THEY SING THE SONGS BEAUTIFULLY BEATIFULLY THEY SING THE SONG

THEY BEAUTIFULLY SING THE SONG

ADVERBS (Write on your paper) VERB

ADVERB

ARE

ACTIVELY (USING)

THEY ARE PLAYING THE GAME ACTIVELY

ACTIVELY THEY ARE PLAYING THE GAME THEY ARE ACTIVELY PLAYING THE GAME

ADVERBS (FOR PASSIVES) VERB

ADVERB

ARE

ACTIVELY (USED)

THE GAMES ARE PLAYED ACTIVELY

ACTIVELY THE GAMES ARE PLAYED THE GAMES ARE ACTIVELY PLAYED

ADVERBS ADVERB

ADJECTIVE

ORIGINALLY

CRISPY

THE TASTE IS ORIGINALLY CRISPY

ADVERBS

ADVERB

ADVERB

INCREDIBLY

QUICKLY

THE RUNNER RUNS INCREDIBLY QUICKLY

PREPOSITIONS IN, ON, AT, TO,ETC. IN SEMARANG ON THE TABLE AT THE CAMPUS TO THE TOILET

CONNECTORS

WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER… LETS GO BACK TO THE PREVIOUS QUIZ…

PHRASES?, CLAUSE? EXTREMELY FAST (PHRASE/CLAUSE) TO THE TOILET (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

PAIJO IS RUNNING (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

PHRASES?, CLAUSE? EXTREMELY FAST (PHRASE/CLAUSE) TO THE TOILET (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

PAIJO IS RUNNING (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

CLAUSE TO SENTENCE PAIJO IS RUNNING

PAIJO  SUBJECT IS (RUNNING)  VERB PAIJO IS RUNNING EXTREMELY QUICKLY TO THE TOILET

SECTION 2: THE CORE PRINCIPLES

#1 THERE MUST BE SOMEONE OUT THERE FOR YOU

STRUCTURE SKILLS RECOGNIZING SUBJECT & VERB (CLAUSE)

S+V

Example 1 ONE-CLAUSE SENTENCE

Engineers _____ for the project a) necessary b)are needed c) Hopefully d)Next month

Example 1 ONE-CLAUSE SENTENCE

Engineers _____ for the project a) necessary b)are needed c) Hopefully d)Next month

Example 1 ONE-CLAUSE SENTENCE

Engineers _____ for the project a) necessary b)are needed c) Hopefully d)Next month

CONNECTOR

AND, BUT, OR, BECAUSE, IF, WHO, THAT, WHICH, etc.

MULTIPLE CLAUSE

She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results. Although she was surprised at the result(,) she was pleased with what she had done.

MULTIPLE CLAUSE

She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results. (3 clauses 2 connector) Although she was surprised at the result(,) she was pleased with what she had done. (3 clauses 2 connector)

MULTIPLE CLAUSE

She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results. (3 clauses 2 connector) N-1 Although she was surprised at the result(,) she was pleased with what she had done. (3 clauses 2 connector) N-1

EXAMPLE 2 MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE ______ were late, we missed the class a) We b) Because c) The train d) Since they

EXAMPLE 2 MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE ______ were late, we missed the class a) We b) Because c) The train d) Since they

EXAMPLE 2 MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE _____were late(,) we missed the class a) We b) Because c) The train d) Since they

EXAMPLE 2 MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE _____were late(,) we missed the class a) We b) Because c) The train d) Since they

EXAMPLE 2 MULTIPLE CLAUSES _____were late(,) we missed the class a) We b) Because c) The train d) Since they

SECTION 2: THE CORE PRINCIPLES

#2 LONG DISTANCE RELATIONSHIP IS POSSIBLE, AS LONG AS YOU ARE FAITHFUL

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN/ADJ CLAUSE) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because b) Was c) Since d) Which you

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The man has a long beard

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The man has a long beard

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The man has a long beard

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The man whom she loves has a long beard

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The man whom she loves has a long beard

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The man whom she loves has a long beard

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The man whom she loves has a long beard

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (SUMPELAN)

The man [whom she loves] has a long beard

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because b) Was c) Since d) Which you

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because b) Was c) Since d) Which you

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because b) Was c) Since d) Which you

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because (subject?) b) Was c) Since d) Which you

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because (subject?) b) Was (too many verbs) c) Since d) Which you

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because (subject?) b) Was (too many verbs) c) Since (subject?) d) Which you

EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN) The gift ____ selected for her is too expensive a) Because (subject?) b) Was (too many) c) Since (subject?) d) Which you

IF THE N-1 FORMULA DOESN’T WORK…

• ADA CONNECTOR FUNGSI GANDA (SEBAGAI CONNECTOR & SUBJECT) • ADA KLAUSA YANG DI REDUKSI (REDUCED CLAUSE)

CONNECTOR/SUBJECT (FUNGSI GANDA)

WHO, THAT, WHICH, WHAT, etc.

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN) ____ is on the table has two speakers a) The notebook b) Because the notebook c) The notebook which d) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN) ____ is on the table has two speakers a) The notebook b) Because the notebook c) The notebook which d) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN) ____ is on the table has two speakers a) The notebook (subject? connector?) b) Because the notebook c) The notebook which d) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN) ____ is on the table has two speakers a) The notebook (subject? connector?) b) Because the notebook (subjects?) c) The notebook which d) That the notebook

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN) ____ is on the table has two speakers a) The notebook (subject? connector?) b) Because the notebook (subject?) c) The notebook which d) That the notebook (subject?)

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN) ____ is on the table has two speakers a) The notebook (subject? connector?) b) Because the notebook (subject?) c) The notebook which d) That the notebook (subject?)

EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN) ____ is on the table has two speakers a) The notebook (subject? connector?) b) Because the notebook (subject?) c) The notebook (which)  sub/con d) That the notebook (subject?)

REDUCED CLAUSE

HUKUM REDUKSI

1. REDUKSI TERJADI PADA SUBJECT DAN VERB ANAK KALIMAT (SUB CLAUSE)

• She was pleased with what she had done although she was surprised at the results. • She was pleased with what she had done although surprised at the result.

HUKUM REDUKSI

2. REDUKSI TERJADI KETIKA ADA DUA SUBYEK YG SAMA

• Although she was surprised at the result, she was pleased with what she had done. • Although surprised at the result, she was pleased with what she had done.

HUKUM REDUKSI

3. KETIKA REDUKSI TERJADI, SUBJECT DAN TO BE HILANG

• Although she was surprised at the result, she was pleased with what she had done. • Although surprised at the result, she was pleased with what she had done.

EXAMPLE 5 MULTIPLE CLAUSES When______ , you are free to leave a) The finished report b) Finished with the report c) The report d) Is the report

EXAMPLE 5 MULTIPLE CLAUSES When______ , you are free to leave a) The finished report b) Finished with the report c) The report d) Is the report

EXAMPLE 5 MULTIPLE CLAUSES When______ (,) you are free to leave a) The finished report b) Finished with the report c) The report d) Is the report

EXAMPLE 5 MULTIPLE CLAUSES When______ (,) you are free to leave a) The finished report (verb?) b) Finished with the report c) The report d) Is the report

EXAMPLE 5 MULTIPLE CLAUSES When______ (,) you are free to leave a) The finished report (verb?) b) Finished with the report c) The report (verb?) d) Is the report

EXAMPLE 5 MULTIPLE CLAUSES When______ (,) you are free to leave a) The finished report (verb?) b) Finished with the report c) The report (verb?) d) Is the report (other subject?)

EXAMPLE 5 MULTIPLE CLAUSES When______ (,) you are free to leave a) The finished report (verb?) b) (you are) Finished with the report c) The report (verb?) d) Is the report (subject)

SUMPELAN (untuk kalimat aktif)

The principal teaches math. The principal who wrote a book on language last year teaches math. The principal writing a book on language last year teaches math.

EXAMPLE 6 MULTIPLE CLAUSES The boy______ playing in the yard is my brother a) now b) Is c) he d) was

EXAMPLE 6 MULTIPLE CLAUSES The boy______ playing in the yard is my brother a) now b) Is c) he d) was

EXAMPLE 6 MULTIPLE CLAUSES The boy______ playing in the yard is my brother a) now b) Is (other subject?) c) he d) was

EXAMPLE 6 MULTIPLE CLAUSES The boy______ playing in the yard is my brother a) now b) is (other subject?) c) he (connector?) d) was

EXAMPLE 6 MULTIPLE CLAUSES The boy______ playing in the yard is my brother a) now b) is (other subject?) c) he (connector?) d) was (connector?)

EXAMPLE 6 MULTIPLE CLAUSES The boy______ playing in the yard is my brother a) now  (who is now) b) Is (other subject?) c) he (connector?) d) was (connector?)

HUKUM REDUKSI

4. PADA SUMPELAN (ADJ CLAUSE), KETIKA TERJADI REDUKSI, KLAUSA TERSEBUT BISA PINDAH KE DEPAN.

SUMPELAN [aktif] The principal teaches math. The principal who wrote a book on language last year teaches math. The principal writing a book on language last year teaches math. Writing a book on language last year(,) The principal teaches math.

EXAMPLE 7 ______ on several television programs, the witness gave conflicting account to what had happened. a) He appeared b) Who appeared c) Appearing d) Appears

EXAMPLE 7 ______ on several television programs(,) the witness gave conflicting account to what had happened. a) He appeared b) Who appeared c) Appearing d) Appears

EXAMPLE 7 ______ on several television programs, the witness gave conflicting account to what had happened. a) He appeared b) Who appeared c) Appearing d) Appears

EXAMPLE 7 ______ on several television programs, the witness gave conflicting account to what had happened. a) He appeared (connector?) b) Who appeared( question?/ adj cl tdk di dpan sblm di reduksi) c) Appearing (who appeared  appearing) d) Appears (subject?)

SUMPELAN [pasif] The principal’s office is very spacious. The principal’s office which is located near our classroom is very spacious. The principal’s office located near our classroom is very spacious. Located near our classroom(,) the principal’s office is very spacious.

EXAMPLE 8 ______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century, the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War. a) It is hidden b) Hidden c) Which is hidden d) The plant is hiding

EXAMPLE 8 ______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century (,) the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War. a) It is hidden b) Hidden c) Which is hidden d) The plant is hiding

EXAMPLE 8 ______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century (,) the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War. a) It is hidden b) Hidden c) Which is hidden d) The plant is hiding

EXAMPLE 8 ______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a century (,) the Hanford plant in central Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear weapons of the Cold War. a) It is hidden (connector?) b) Hidden (which was hidden) c) Which is hidden (sblm di reduksi, adj cl tdk d dpan) d) The plant is hiding (connector?)

SECTION 2: THE CORE PRINCIPLES

#3 CHOOSE YOUR PARTNER CAREFULLY. POOR CHOICE IN A RELATIONSHIP WILL CAUSE CONFUSION.

WRITTEN EXPRESSIONS SKILL

S & V MUST AGREE

S & V MUST AGREE TO BE (AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN, BEING) + V ING (ACTIVE) / V 3 (PASSIVE) / NOUNS / ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS / PREPOSITIONS

EXAMPLE 9

The Smiths are build their house on some properties that they own in the desert.

EXAMPLE 9

The Smiths are build their house on some properties that they own in the desert.

EXAMPLE 9

The Smiths are building their house on some properties that they own in the desert.

S & V MUST AGREE

PERFECT ASPECT (HAS, HAVE, HAD) + V3

EXAMPLE 10

Linus Pauling has wins two Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

EXAMPLE 10

Linus Pauling has wins two Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

EXAMPLE 10

Linus Pauling has won two Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

S & V MUST AGREE MODALS (WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.) + V1

EXAMPLE 11

The students must took the exam at ten in the morning.

EXAMPLE 11

The students must took the exam at ten in the morning.

EXAMPLE 11

The students must take the exam at ten in the morning.

PARALLELISM BOTH… AND EITHER …..OR NEITHER …..NOR NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO V ING, V ING, AND V ING TO …, TO…, AND TO… NOUN, NOUN, AND NOUN

EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either voluntary nor involuntary.

EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either voluntary nor involuntary.

EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either voluntary or involuntary.

EXAMPLE 12

Fire extinguishers can contain liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or watery.

EXAMPLE 12

Fire extinguishers can contain liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or watery.

EXAMPLE 12

Fire extinguishers can contain liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or water.

LISTEN TO THIS SONG & FOCUS ON THE CLAUSES

I see this life Like a swinging vine Swing my heart across the line… …I don’t think the world is sold We’re just doing what we’re told Counting Stars As Made Famous By One Republic

I see this life Like a swinging vine Swing my heart across the line… …I don’t think the world is sold We’re just doing what we’re told Counting Stars As Made Famous By One Republic

I feel something so right by doing the wrong thing I feel something so wrong by doing the right thing I couldn’t lie (x3) Everything that kills me makes me feel alive Baby, I’ve been losing sleep Dreaming about the things that we could be Counting Stars As Made Famous By One Republic

I feel something so right by doing the wrong thing I feel something so wrong by doing the right thing I couldn’t lie (x3) Everything that kills me makes me feel alive (LDR) Baby, I’ve been losing sleep Dreaming about the things that we could be Counting Stars As Made Famous By One Republic

JUST GIVE ME A REASON JUST A LITTLE BIT’S ENOUGH JUST A SECOND WE’RE NOT BROKEN JUST BENT AND WE CAN LEARN TO LOVE AGAIN IT’S IN THE STARS IT’S BEEN WRITTEN IN THE SCARS ON OUR HEARTS WE’RE NOT BROKEN JUST BENT AND WE CAN LEARN TO LOVE AGAIN Just Give Me A Reason (Pink feat. Nate Ruess Cover) by Daniela Ardande feat.The New Heights

COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

….er than … more…than… The …est (in/of/that)… The most… (in/of/that)…

EXAMPLE 10 1. Between Europe and Asia is the Caspian sea, which is known as the world’s most big lake. 2. Of all students in the school, Ronny is better.

EXAMPLE 11 ADJECTIVE & ADVERB (read your paper again)

Based on history, Venus is the goddess Roman of love.

American are destroying rapidly wetlands, faster than an acre every two minutes.

LISTENING – Part A – Part B – Part C

PART A – Focus on the last line. – Avoid similar sound. – Choose synonym. – Who, What, & Where. – Double negative. – Almost Negative. – Expression of agreement, uncertainty, suggestion & surprise. – Contrary result. – Two-and-three part – Idioms.

FOCUS ON THE LAST LINE (4 part a) (woman) Are you enjoying your coffee? (man) It tastes extremely bitter this morning! (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

- The key word is always on the last line TASTES EXTREMELY BITTER

AVOID SIMILAR SOUND (4 part a)

(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee? (man) It tastes extremely bitter this morning! (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

a.The coffee is much BETTER this morning b.The coffee TASTES EXTREMELY good.

c.The coffee isn’t very good. d.This morning he DEFINITELY wants some coffee

CHOOSE SYNONYM (4 part a) (woman) Are you enjoying your coffee? (man) It tastes extremely bitter this morning! (narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN? a.The coffee is much better this morning b.The coffee tastes extremely good. c.The coffee ISN’T VERY GOOD. d.This morning he definitely wants some coffee

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (30) (woman) Can you tell me what assignments I missed when I was absent from your class? (man) You missed one homework assignment and a quiz. (narrator) WHO IS THE MAN? a.A newspaper editor

b.A police officer c.A teacher d.A student

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (30) (woman) Can you tell me what assignments I missed when I was absent from your class? (man) You missed one homework assignment and a quiz. (narrator) WHO IS THE MAN? a.A newspaper editor

b.A police officer c.A teacher d.A student

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (2) (woman) Are you going to read those books here in the library? (man) I think I’d rather check them out now and take them home (narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY DO? a.Sit down in the library

b.Look for some more books c.Return the books to the shelves d.Go to the circulation desk

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (2) (woman) Are you going to read those books here in the library? (man) I think I’d rather check them out now and take them home (narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY DO? a.Sit down in the library

b.Look for some more books c.Return the books to the shelves d.Go to the circulation desk

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3) (woman) Are you going into the water, or are you just going to lie there on the sand? (man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion (narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE? a.At a beauty salon

b.A the beach c.In a sandbox d.At an outdoor restaurant

WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3) (woman) Are you going into the water, or are you just going to lie there on the sand? (man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion (narrator) WHERE DOES THIS CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE PLACE? a.At a beauty salon

b.At the beach c.In a sandbox d.At an outdoor restaurant

DOUBLE NEGATIVE (13) (woman) I can’t believe the news that I heard about the concert (man) Well, it isn’t impossible for the concert to take place (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY ABOUT THE CONCERT? a.There’s no possibility that the concert will take place b.The concert will definitely not take place c.The concert might take place d.The concert can’t take place

DOUBLE NEGATIVE (13) (woman) I can’t believe the news that I heard about the concert (man) Well, it isn’t impossible for the concert to take place (narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY ABOUT THE CONCERT? a.There’s no possibility that the concert will take place b.The concert will definitely not take place c.The concert might take place d.The concert can’t take place

ALMOST NEGATIVE (15) (woman) Were you able to pay the electric bill? (man) I had barely enough money. (narrator) What does the man imply? a.He had plenty of money for the bill

b.He did not have enough money for the bill c.He paid the bill but has no money left d.He was unable to pay the bill

ALMOST NEGATIVE (15) (woman) Were you able to pay the electric bill? (man) I had barely enough money. (narrator) What does the man imply? a.He had plenty of money for the bill

b.He did not have enough money for the bill c.He paid the bill but has no money left d.He was unable to pay the bill

ALMOST NEGATIVE ET AL

Hardly, Nearly, Barely, Scarcely, Only (almost none) Almost, Seldom (almost never) are grouped as Almost negative word.

AGREEMENT EXPRESSION (21) (man) I think that the hypothesis is indefensible (woman) So do I (narrator) What does the woman mean? a.She is unsure about the hypothesis b.The hippopotamus is behind the fence c.She thinks that the hypothesis can be defended d.She agrees with the man

AGREEMENT EXPRESSION (21) (man) I think that the hypothesis is indefensible (woman) So do I (narrator) What does the woman mean? a.She is unsure about the hypothesis b.The hippopotamus is behind the fence c.She thinks that the hypothesis can be defended d.She agrees with the man

UNCERTAINITY EXPRESSION (24) (man)

Do you know anything about the final exam in physics? (woman) It’s going to be rather difficult, isn’t it? (narrator) What does the woman mean? a.The exam is not going to be difficult b.She’s positive that’s it’s going to be hard.

c.She thinks that it might be hard d.She has no idea about the exam

UNCERTAINITY EXPRESSION (24) (man)

Do you know anything about the final exam in physics? (woman) It’s going to be rather difficult, isn’t it? (narrator) What does the woman mean? a.The exam is not going to be difficult b.She’s positive that’s it’s going to be hard.

c.She thinks that it might be hard d.She has no idea about the exam

SUGGESTION EXPRESSION (25) (man)

I’ll never have time to type my paper tomorrow (woman) Why not do it now? (narrator) What does the woman suggest? a.Finishing the paper b.Not working on the paper now c.Never typing the paper d.Taking time out from the paper now

SUGGESTION EXPRESSION (25) (man)

I’ll never have time to type my paper tomorrow (woman) Why not do it now? (narrator) What does the woman suggest? a.Finishing the paper b.Not working on the paper now c.Never typing the paper d.Taking time out from the paper now

EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE (27) (woman)

Did you see Paul driving around in his Mustang (man) Then he DID get a new car (narrator) What had the man thought? a.Paul would definitely get a Mustang b.Paul did not know how to drive c.Paul did not like mustangs d.Paul would not get a new car

EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE (27) (woman)

Did you see Paul driving around in his Mustang (man) Then he DID get a new car (narrator) What had the man thought? a.Paul would definitely get a Mustang b.Paul did not know how to drive c.Paul did not like mustangs d.Paul would not get a new car

CONTRARY (4 tr4) (woman) It’s too bad that you have to stay here and work during the school break (man) I really wish I could go with you and the others to Palm springs (narrator) What does the man thought? a.Maybe he will go with the others on the trip b.He is unable to go on the trip

c.He’s happy to be going on the trip d.He’s going on the trip, but not with the others

CONTRARY (4 tr4) (woman) It’s too bad that you have to stay here and work during the school break (man) I really wish I could go with you and the others to Palm springs (narrator) What does the man thought? a.Maybe he will go with the others on the trip b.He is unable to go on the trip

c.He’s happy to be going on the trip d.He’s going on the trip, but not with the others

Reading

WORDS PARTS PART

MEANING

EXAMPLE

PART

MEANING

EXAMPLE

OMNI

ALL

OMNIPOTENT

RUPT

BREAK

ERUPT

JECT

THROW

EJECT

SCRIPT

WRITE

DESCRIBE

PORT

CARRY

PORTABLE

VIV

LIVE

SURVIVE

CIR

ROUND

CIRCULATE

EX

OUT

EXIT

IN

IN

INCLUDE

RE

BACK

RETURN

SUB

UNDER

SUBWAY

TELE

FAR

TELEPHONE

TRANS

ACROSS

TRANS ATLANTIC

PRE

BEFORE

PREVIOUS

POST

AFTER

POSTPONE

BENE

GOOD

BENEFIT

MAL

BAD

MALFUNCTION

EU

GOOD

EUPHEMISM

DIS

BAD

DISFUNCTION

PHOBIA

FEAR

CLAUSTROPH OBIA

The word ”malpractice” in line 4 is closest in the meaning to A.Religion B. Flag C. Careless D.agreement

The word ”malpractice” in line 4 is closest in the meaning to A.Religion B. Flag C. Care(less) D.agreement

Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds of the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It has a wedgeshaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.

Please write on the paper/whiteboard 1. The main idea of the paragraph is... a. How Ravens got their name. b. General description of a species of a bird. c. Ravens in its natural habitat. d. Social behavior of Ravens.

Please write on the paper/whiteboard 1. The main idea of the paragraph is... a. How Ravens got their name. b. General description of a species of a bird. c. Ravens in its natural habitat. d. Social behavior of Ravens.

Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds of the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It has a wedgeshaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.

Please write on the paper/whiteboard 2. The word "omnivorous" in [line 3 ] can be best replaced by... a. plant-eater b. meat-eater c. carrion-eater d. all-eater

Please write on the paper/whiteboard 2. The word "omnivorous" in [line 3 ] can be best replaced by... a. plant-eater b. meat-eater c. carrion-eater d. all-eater

Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds of the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It has a wedgeshaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.

Please write on the paper/whiteboard 3. Which of these statements are true according to the passage? a. Ravens are not usually found in the southern hemisphere b. Ravens are less than 60 cm in length c. Female ravens could lay more than 8 eggs in a clutch d. Young ravens can feed themselves

Please write on the paper/whiteboard 3. Which of these statements are true according to the passage? a. Ravens are not usually found in the southern hemisphere b. Ravens are less than 60 cm in length c. Female ravens could lay more than 8 eggs in a clutch d. Young ravens can feed themselves

Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds of the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It has a wedgeshaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.

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