Appendix 15f: Psychological interventions for the treatment of non-cognitive symptoms of dementia Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question Aromatherapy vs placebo

Cognitive rehabilitation vs active control

BALLARD2002 SMALLWOOD2001

Light Therapy vs standard care

Multi-sensory stimulation vs active control

DOWLING2005

Cognitive stimulation (reality orientation) vs standard care

Light Therapy vs placebo

FERRARIO1991 WALLIS1983

ANCOLIISRAEL2003A FONTANAGASIO2003 LYKETSOS1999 MISHIMA1998

Music therapy vs control

Music therapy vs control

GROENE1993

BAKER2003 HOLTKAMP1997 Reminiscence vs no treatment

Reminiscence vs standard care

Validation therapy vs social support

Validation therapy vs standard care

BAINES1987 LAI2004 THORGRIMSEN2002

LAI2004

TOSELAND1997

ROBB1986 TOSELAND1997

Characteristics of Included Studies Methods

Participants

Outcomes

Interventions

Notes

ANCOLIISRAEL2003A Study Type: RCT (individual)

n= 92 Age: Mean 82

Blindness: Open Duration (days): Mean 10 Followup: 5 days Setting: Nursing home residents in USA

Sex: 29 males 63 females : Diagnosis: 100% Alzheimer’s disease by NINCDS-ADRDA : : Exclusions: No diagnosis of probable or possible AD, had a recent or severe stroke, had a primary psychiatric disorder which pre-dated suspected onse of their dementia, not agitated (in morning, evening or both)

Study Quality: 1+ Group 1 N= 31 Data Used Percentage sleep Placebo with - Morning dim red light. A Total Sleep Time red light box was used similar to the bright white light boxes. Notes: Used Actillume recorder to measure sleep. Movement recorded with a linear Group 2 N= 31 accelerometer and a microprocessor. Activity Light Therapy with - Evening bright light data were scored to determine wake and sleep exposure. Apollo "Brite-Lite" boxes were based on both maximum and minute-by-minute used, they use cool-white fluroscent nonactivity UV full spectrum light bulbs with a special ballast to augment brightness. The lights are shielded to limit ultraviolet and radio frequency radiations. Group 3 N= 30 Light Therapy with - Morning bright light exposure. Apollo "Brite-Lite" boxes were used, they use cool-white fluroscent nonUV full spectrum light bulbs with a special ballast to augment brightness. The lights are shielded to limit ultraviolet and radio frequency radiations.

Baseline: MMSE: 5.7

BAINES1987 Study Type: RCT (individual)

n= 15

Study Description: Cross-over trial + no treatment group

Age: Mean 82

Blindness: No mention Duration (days): Mean 56

: Diagnosis:

Setting: Residents of a large local authority home in UK with moderate/severe impairment

Exclusions: Severe communication problems, 17; 3 participants dropped out during study: 2 died in the Netherlands MSS group, 1 participant in the UK activity group was hospitalised and was excluded from the analysis Swedish data not included in analysis because of high drop outs (2 died and 3 refused treatment) and small sample size(n=16) Baseline: MMSE: UK MSS group = 8.8, Activity group = 6.5; Netherlands MSS group = 12.1, Activity group = 7.8, p=.05; Centres combined MSS group = 9.4, Activity group = 6.7, p=.01; GIP (Netherlands only): MSS group = 44.6, Activity group = 53.6, p