AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
An Overview of Phase 3D/AO-40
Pre and Post Launch Activities
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• AMSAT Area Coordinators – Tim Cunningham, N8DEU •
[email protected]
– Dieter Schliemann, KX4Y •
[email protected]
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
What is AO-40? •
Largest, most complex and expensive Amateur Radio satellite
•
Built by an international team of Amateur Radio volunteers
•
Currently undergoing commission for Amateur Radio use.
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
What is AO-40? •
Contains receivers and transmitters for all Amateur Satellite bands plus 360,000 GHz infrared laser
•
Built and launched via financial contributions
•
Available for use by all radio amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
History • ESA invitation to ride on Ariane 5 • Phase 3D Team formed in May 1990 • Assembled in Orlando, Florida
AO-40
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
History • Built around Ariane 5 excess launch capacity • Specific Bearing Structure (SBS) designed by AMSAT
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Main Features • Amateur Satellite Bands 21MHz to 24 GHz (Analog & Digital) • High Gain Antennas • Sensitive Receivers • 600W Power Budget • High Inclination Elliptical Orbit
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Facts and Figures • • • •
Weight: 632 kg Diameter: 7.5 feet Wingspan: 20 feet Antenna Gain: 4 to 19 dBic • Stabilization: Threeaxis with antennas always pointing towards Earth Solar Panel testing
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
An International Satellite! Belgium
France Zealand
Russia States
Canada
Germany
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Japan
United Kingdom
Finland
New
United
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Uplink Frequencies Band
Designator
Digital
Analog
2m
V
145.800 - 145.840 MHz
145.840 - 145.990 MHz
70cm
U
435.300 - 435.550 MHz
435.550 - 435.800 MHz
23cm (1)
L1
1269.000 - 1269.250 MHz
1269.250 - 1269.500 MHz
23cm (2)
L2
1268.075 - 1268.325 MHz
1268.325 - 1268.575 MHz
13cm (1)
S1
2400.100 - 2400.350 MHz
2400.350 - 2400.600 MHz
13cm (2)
S2
2446.200 - 2446.450 MHz
2446.450 - 2446.700 MHz
6cm
C
5668.300 - 5668.550 MHz
5668.550 - 5668.800 MHz
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Downlink Frequencies Band
Designator
Digital
Analog
2m
V
145.955 -145.990 MHz
145.805 - 145.955 MHz
70cm
U
435.900- 436.200 MHz
435.475 - 435.725 MHz
13cm (1)
S1
2400.650 - 2400.950 MHz
2400.225 - 2400.475 MHz
13cm (2)
S2
2401.650 - 2401.950 MHz
2401.225 - 2401.475 MHz
3cm
X
10451.450 - 10451.750 MHz
10451.025 - 10451.275 MHz
1.5 cm
K
24048.450 - 24048.750 MHz
24048.025 - 24048.275 MHz
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Telemetry Beacons Band
Designator
General
Middle
Engineering
2m
V
none
145.880 MHz
none
70cm
U
435.450 MHz
435.600 MHz
435.850 MHz
13cm (1)
S1
2400.200 MHz
2400.350 MHz
2400.600 MHz
13cm (2)
S2
2401.200 MHz
2401.350 MHz
2401.600 MHz
3cm
X
10451.000 MHz
10451.150 MHz
10451.400 MHz
1.5cm
K
24048.000 MHz
24048.150 MHz
24048.400 MHz
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Suggested Ground Station Requirements Uplink 2M
70cm
EIRPc TX Power 20dBWi
21dBWi
Antenna
1000W
7 Element X-Yagi
5000W
Crossed dipoles over reflector
10W
10 Element X-Yagi
40W
Crossed dipoles over reflector
1270 MHz
23dBWi
10W
12 turn Helix
2400 MHz
27dBWi
5W
60cm Parbolic Dish
5670 MHz
34dBWi
10W
60cm Parbolic Dish
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Suggested Ground Station Requirements Downlink S/N
Antenna
2M
16dB
7 Element X-Yagi
70cm
24dB
10 Element X-Yagi
2400 MHz
26dB
60cm Parabolic Dish
10450 MHz
24dB
60cm Parabolic Dish
24 GHz
13dB
60cm Parabolic Dish
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
A Tour of AO-40
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Bay 1 Liquid Ignition Unit
Cosmic Ray Energy Deposition Experiment
Propellant Flow Assembly Sensor Electronic Unit Battery Charge Regulator
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Bay 2 YAHU Camera
SCOPE Cameras
S2 Band Transmitter
Internal Housekeeping Unit #2
HF Receiver
2nd L Band Receiver
S1 Band Receiver and C Band Receiver
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Bay 3 S1 Band Transmitter
RF Relay Panel
U&V Band Receiver
U Band Transmitter Amplifier
U Band Transmitter Exciter Cantemp 1
V Band Transmitter
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Bay 4 K Band Transmitter & Antenna
Power Switching Unit
K Band Transmitter Oscillator
IF Matrix, LEILA, #2 C/D
Array Release Unit
Electronic Propulsion Unit
Cantemp 2
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Bay 5 Infrared Laser Experiment X Band Transmitter TWTA RF Monitor Experiment X Band Transmitter Exciter
Global Positioning Satellite 1 Experiment GPS Power Switching Unit Battery Charge Regulator #2
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Bay 6
GPS Receiver 2 Stable Mode Sun Sensor Electronic Unit Battery Charge Regulator #1
L Band Receiver & Command Arbitrator RUDAK Internal Housekeeping Unit & Input/Output Module
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AO-40 Antennas
Designators 21 V L S2 X
-
15m 2m 1.2 G 2.4 G 10 G
24 U S1 C K
-
12m 70cm 2.4 G 5.6 G 24 G
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Three-Axis Stabilization via Momentum Wheels
- Magnetically levitated - Spacecraft attitude flown via IHU
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Final Testing • •
•
Vacuum Testing, Maryland - October 1998 Vibration Testing, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland - August, 1999 Final Checkout – Phase 3D Orlando Integration Lab, Florida - November, 1999
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Shipping AO-40 to Kourou, French Guinea January 2000
•
Orlando (ground) to Atlanta to Paris to Cayenne to Kourou
•
AO-40, SBS and support equipment
•
Stored in clean room at Ariane Final Assembly Building
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Test SBS alignment and install pyrocables
Remove Oscar 40 from plastic baggie wrap
Unpacking the SBS and support gear
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5 Assemble rotisserie and mount AO-40
Assemble solar array simulator, set up ground support computers and umbilicals to the spacecraft
AO-40 positioned on the rotisserie
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Reinstall and test 400N bi-propellant engine
Dick Daniels, W4PUJ with 400N engine
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Install Infrared Laser Transmitter • 360,000 GHz/835nm wave length • 0.5 Watt output • 400 bit/s data or CW transmitter • Receive with a telescope mounted infrared detector
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5 Connect, charge and test main and auxiliary batteries
Perform leak test on 400N propulsion system Propulsion Leak Inspection: Peter Guelzow, DB2OS and Dick Daniels, W4PUJ
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Test RF/telemetry from each of AO-40’s Amateur Radio bands
AO-40 RF Test: Freddy deGuchteneire,ON6UG; Mirek Kasal, OK2AQK; Michael Fletcher, OH2AUE; Horst Wagner, DB2ZB; Dick Daniels, W4PUJ
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Install solar panels and apply final thermal coatings
Dick Jansson, WD4FAB adds the final touches to a solar panel
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Take AO-40 off Rotisserie for last time and install: Bottom GPS antennas Rail-like runners for SBS deployment Omni-directional Sunsensors Bottom of AO-40 showing the thermal blanket, GPS and Omni-directional antennas
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Install in Static Bearing Structure (SBS) and load fuel
Fueling AO-40: Dick Daniels, W4PUJ, Martin Riehle and Thomas Maier
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Mount to ASAP
AO-40 inside SBS mounted to ASAP containing two STRV microsatellites
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Inside the Final Assembly Building (BAF)
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5 Preparation of the launcher interfaces for mating with SBS, AO-40, ASAP and STRV stack
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
Transfer of the full stack to the top of the rocket
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
AO-40 meets the launcher...
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
All Remove Before Flight items, such as protection caps for the cameras and sensors, have to be removed prior to the integration of PAS-1R
Remove motor AMSAT OSCAR-40 safety and Anplug International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs install the flight plug
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
The spacecraft is now “armed” and ready for flight PAS-1R will be set on top
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Integrating AO-40 on an Ariane 5
A last view of AO-40 before the adapter is bolted down and the fairing is closed
AMSAT OSCAR-40 • Maintain spacecraft pre-launch An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs operations and status
• Keep batteries charged
AMSATfrom OSCAR-40 The roll-out the BAF to the ZL An International Satellite For40 Allminutes Radio Amateurs took about
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Launch
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
Commissioning AO-40
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AO-40’s Intended Orbit Ultimate Orbital Goal: - Three-axis stabilization - Apogee: 47,700km - Perigee: 4000 to 10,000km - Inclination: 63 degrees - Orbital Mean: 16 hours (same pass every 48 hours)
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
How Can You Help? • Monitor and record telemetry during orbital maneuvers • Use the Satellite !!! • Support AMSAT – Command and control expenses – www.amsat.org – Become a member of AMSAT (There is much more fun to come!)
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• GOALS – Eliminate common misconceptions about satellite operations – Build a reliable two-way voice – Ground Station for ~ $430 – No special knowledge techniques or tools required – Something the neighbors will like
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Common Myths about Satellites – The equipment is too expensive – You need specialist microwave skills – You need expensive specialist tools and test equipment
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Equipment needed to Receive AO-40 – Antenna – Downconverter – Receiver
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Receive Antenna – 60cm TVRO Offset Fed Dish – G3RUH feed – 2 hours – Cost: ($0)
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Offset Fed Dishes – Feed does not obscure radiated beam – Slightly elliptical – Section of a fullsize parabolic dish
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Downconverter – Convert 2.4GHz to an Intermediate Frequency (IF) – Cheap TV Receive converters can be used – Modifications can be very simple – Cost: $20-$84 including modifications
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• AIDC Transystems Downconverter – Crystal for 144MHz IF (maybe) – Snip the λ/4 stub – Replace dipole/reflector feed with Nadapter – New filter to remove second IF image – http://members.aol.com/k5gna/
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Receiver – Must be able to resolve SSB at the Downconverter IF (144MHz) – Must be cheap – FT-290R MK-I ~$142 or less
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Testing the Receiver Configuration – Pointing the feed (without the dish) to the ground should show increase in audible noise. – With the feed on the dish there will be a small increase in noise if you point the dish at the sun. – Point the dish at AO-40 and you will hear telemetry and be able to tune the downconverter LO
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Equipment to Transmit on AO_40 – What band? – How much power for reliable voice communications? – Balancing Transmitter Power and – Antenna Gain – What Transmitter? – What Amplifier? – What Antenna?
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Transmitter – Need to transmit SSB on 435MHz – Must be cheap – FT-790R MK-I ~ $128 or less
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Amplifier – FT-790 1 watt output inadequate, so need some more power – Must be cheap. – Second user 50W amplifier ~ $111 or less
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Transmitting Antenna I – Small 435MHz band >10dBic gain – 3 hours – Cheap ~$31 including power splitter
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Transmitting Antenna II – Power splitter -Two λ/4 pieces of RG59 – Orthogonal elements offset by λ/4
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Putting it Together – Transponder pass-band tracking – Computer Doppler correction – Where’s the rotator?
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Computer Doppler Correction – In practice, for an entry level system this is optional – Facilities of InstantTune with InstantTrack allow mic button up/down doppler correction
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Where’s the Rotator – Az-El rotator would completely blow budget – ‘Armstrong’ technique perfectly acceptable!
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• What special skills and equipment do I need? – – – – – – –
Ability to use: Soldering Iron Screwdriver Hack saw Drill Ruler Magnetic Compass
AMSAT OSCAR-40 An International Satellite For All Radio Amateurs
• Did we hit the Budget? – $498.00 not quite
