Antennas for automotive applications M. Martinez, A. Winkelmann, R. Baggen

15 April 2010, Artic, Barcelona

Overview
Today & Future services
New developments
Requirement profile
Car integration
Today‘s solutions
Future trends
Conclusions

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Data rates only increase … Datenrate 
Mobiltät

ty rsi ues e v Di hniq c Te

A

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MIM

D T e iv e ch rsi n i ty qu es

e tiv n ap atio Ad dul o M

WCDMA HHSDPA, SD HSUPA P

O

MO MI

WLAN OFDM

today´s limit

UWB

Services of Today • GSM/UMTS services • WLAN (3.5 GHz) • Satellite radio • DVB-S (Ku-band) • Navigation

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Services of Tomorrow WiMax/LTE (3.4-3.6 GHz/ Band1 or 7): • High data rates, hence:  Large absolute bandwidth  MiMo capability

• MiMo capable antenna concepts • Diversity capability required

(Dedicated Short Range Communication, C2I)

DSRC/ITS (5.8 GHz): (Intelligent Transport System, C2C) • Originates from the RFID-area • Medium data rates

UWB (3-10 GHz), 60 GHz: • High-to-extremely high data rates with multimedia content • Dedicated for in-car communication 04/10

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• Pseudo omni-directional radiators

• Pseudo omni-directional radiators • Directive radiators

Upcoming Satellite services Astra (Ku-band): • Possible bi-directional links in future, extension services into the Ka-band

• Steerable antenna frontends • Tracking capability • Line-of-Sight

INMARSAT/Thuraya (L-band): • Bi-directional links

• Steerable antenna frontends • Tracking capability • Line-of-Sight

SDARS/Ondas/World Space Radio: • Satellite radio

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• Pseudo omnidirectional radiators • partially diversity capability

„New“ developments • High data rates

MiMo/Diversity  Distributed antennas  Global coverage replacing pseudo omnidirectional coverage of a single antenna

• Digitalisation/One chip solutions  New antenna positions possible through new more cost-effective connections within the car infrastructure  Digital signal processing • Standarised technologies

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Digital Beam Forming (DBF) Compact cost-effective steerable antenna frontends for satellite reception

Requirement profile
Multi-band capability
Compact design
Fits into the overall picture of the car body
Good spatial coverage
High flexibility with a minimum number of antenna modules
Diversity- and MIMO-capability
Extremely cost effective
Low in-Car SAR exposure

NB: Only antennas for communication/multimedia systems are considered here, no radar applications 04/10

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Integration into car



Only Only little little space space available available despite despite the the size size of of the the car! car! 6

9 8 7

8 7 5 4 1

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3

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2

9

1. FM-radio & terrestrial television 2. FM-radio & terrestrial television 3. Multiband modules & satellite terminals 4. Satellite terminals 5. Shark fin multiband antenna module 6. Multiband modules for diversity/MIMO 7. Supporting antennas for diversity/MIMO 8. Supporting antennas for diversity/MIMO 9. Supporting antennas for diversity/MIMO

Today‘s solutions

  GPS–Patch GPS–Patchantenna antenna   GSM GSM800/900/1800/1900 800/900/1800/1900   Optional OptionalDAB DABantenna antenna   GSMGSM-and andDAB-antenna DAB-antennaare aremostly mostly located locatedon onthe thevertical verticalPCB PCB 04/10

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Future trends   Multiband Multibandantenna antennasystems systems   MIMO/Diversity MIMO/Diversity   Electronical Electronical beam beam forming forming

- Trend goes reconfigurable antenna systems © IMST GmbH - All rightstowards reserved

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Reconfigurable antenna systems Complete Completesystem systemisiscomposed composedof ofconnected connectedmulti-band multi-bandantenna antenna modules modulesthat thatare arespatialy spatialydistributed distributedthrough throughthe thecar‘s car‘s infrastructure infrastructure Module 1: rooftop fin Module 2: external back mirror

Th e

Fu tu r

Module 3: external back mirror *In cooperation with BMW Forschung und Technik, Munich - Germany 04/10

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e

Concept: Connected Car Module 1 Central Antenna steering

Wireless Router

Module 2 Module 3

Data Logging Device Sensors

Requirements Requirementsfor forcombination combinationof ofantenna antennamodules modules1,2 1,2&&33 ••ItItshould shouldbe bepossible possibletotoseparate separatethe thefrequency frequencyranges rangesofofall allservices services ••The Theisolation isolationbetween betweenthe thedifferent differentservices servicesshould shouldbe beadequate adequate ••ItItshould shouldbe bepossible possibletotorealise realisethe thedesired desiredantenna antennacharacteristic characteristicfor foraasingle singleservice service 04/10

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Example: interconnected multi-band modules • 700 MHz (UMTS 700 for USA) till 2600 MHz (UMTS Japan) • WiFi- und WiMax- 2400, 3600 and 5800 MHz • GPS • Satellite radio (ONDARS, etc..) 6 b

4

5 1

a

2

3

Frequenzweiche Mux

Pre-Processing

GSM/UMTS MiMo

Funktionsaufbau Antennenzentralmodul 11.= Mehrbandantenne Multiband antenna 0.80.8-5,9 GHz-5.9GHz GHz 22,3. und 3 = Mehrband Multiband antenna GSM/UMTS GSM/UMTS Multiband Antenna WiFi/WiMAX WiFi/WiMAX 44,5und 5 = Mehrband 6. Combined GPS/ONDAS antennao.SDARS 6 = Kombiantenne GPS/ Ondas A = GSM/UMTS array aB== WiFi/WiMAX GSM/UMTS Array b = WiFi/WiMAX Array

Frequenzweiche Mux

Pre-Processing WiFi (2.4/5.8) MiMo

Frequenzweiche Mux

Frequenzweiche Mux

Pre-Processing

WiMAX MiMo

GPS

Daten / Kommunikationsbus + bus Steuerbefehle Pre-Processing Data/Communication & Pre-processing

CPU (MiMo)

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ONDAS o. SDARS

Multiband module shark fin (add-on) Multiband Antenna (MbA)

Multiband Antenna (WbA)

Frequencies/GHz Services

Solution A (WiMax-MIMO)

MbA

WbA: 2.4 GHz - 6 GHz MbA: 0.8 GHz - 6 GHz

WbA Frequencies/GHz

Solution B (LTE-MIMO) WbA: 1.7 GHz - 6 GHz MbA: 0.8 GHz - 6 GHz 04/10

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Services

MbA WbA

Shark fin prototype

> 900 MHz > 1700 MHz







Material: Material:Rogers Rogers4003, 4003,d=813 d=813µm, µm,top/bottom top/bottomcopper copperlayer layerddcucu=17 =17µm µm 3 3 Dimensions: Dimensions:33x34x0.8 33x34x0.8mm mm3, ,small smallpatch; patch;55x60x0.8 55x60x0.8mm mm3, ,large largepatch patch



Good Goodimpedance impedancematching: matching:-10 -10dB dB@ @f f==1.7GHz-5.8GHz 1.7GHz-5.8GHzfor forthe thesmall small patch; -10 dB @ f = 1.1GHz-6GHz) for the large patch patch; -10 dB @ f = 1.1GHz-6GHz) for the large patch

High Highreproducibility reproducibility

Easy Easyintegration integrationinto intothe theshark sharkfin fincasing casing 04/10

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Integrated antenna in rear external mirror

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Example interconnecting network 13

Problem Problem ••WiMax WiMaxBoard Boardhas has22antenna antennaports ports available, available,44antennas antennashave havehowever howeverto to be beconnected. connected.

0°

14 90°

0°

 by byusing usingthe thephase phasedifferences differencesinin the theButler Butlermatrix, matrix,various variousantenna antenna patterns patternscan canbe begenerated generated 04/10

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90°

0°

f

g

h

a

b

c

d

0°

90°

0° 2 50

••Butlermatrix: Butlermatrix:  effective effectivedistribution distributionof ofall allsignals signals

0°

e

1

Solution Solution

16

15

0°

90° 3

0° 4 50

New tuning concepts The Thecar carbecomes becomesmore more&&more moreaamobile mobilephone phoneon onwheels wheels Mobile Mobilephone phonetechnologies technologies&&concepts conceptstransfered transferedto toautomotive automotive antennas antennas

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Innovative satellite terminals in L-band Requirements Requirements  Transmit: Transmit:EIRP=40dBm±2dB EIRP=40dBm±2dB  Receive: Receive:G/T=-17 G/T=-17dB/K dB/K  Circular Circularpolarisation polarisation  Low Lowprofile profileand andlow lowcost cost  Full Fullhemispherical hemisphericalcoverage coverage elevation elevation≥15° ≥15°

Prototype 04/10

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Artist impression

Innovative satellite terminals in Ku-band GEO-satellite

NATALIA

20 cm

Dedicated antenna with low gain

Small size

Attractive for the automotive industry 04/10

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Dedicated receiver designed for very low S/N using specialised services

Dedicated satellite services based on interference scenarios

 Memory caching  Repeatability

Conclusions  Services Services&&Requirements Requirementsfor forautomotive automotiveapplications applicationshave havebeen been presented presented  Nowadays Nowadayssolutions solutionspossess possessall allmultiband multibandcapability capability  In Innear nearfuture futureMIMO/diversity MIMO/diversity&&beam beamforming formingwill willbecome becomemore more&& more moreimportant importantdue dueto tobandwidth bandwidthhungry hungrymultimedia multimediaapplications applications  Solutions Solutionsfor forthis thiswill willnot notbe befound foundinindesigning designingonly onlyone onemultiband multiband antenna antennabut butinincreating creatingaacomplete completesystems systemsof ofconnected connectedantenna antenna modules modulesgoverned governedby byaacentral centralprocessing processingmodule module  Technologies Technologies&&Concepts Conceptsused usedininthe thepast pastfor formobile mobilephone phone applications applicationscan canbe betransferred transferredto tothe theautomotive automotiveplatform platform

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