Animal Health in the Light of Natural Disasters and Bioterrorism OIE Questionnaire Review and Proposed Recommendations 26th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission of Europe Gary Vroegindewey, DVM, MSS, DACVPM Chair, OIE ad hoc Group on Natural Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Relation to Animal Health and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health

Disaster Definition A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

( Ref.: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction)

UN Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 for Disaster Risk Reduction

Post Hyogo Framework for Action for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2015

Rinderpest- A Model of Disaster Risk Reduction

Floods 2014

Landslide

Earthquake

Volcano

Wildfire

Avian Influenza 2007

E. coli 2011

Bluetongue

African Swine Fever

Agroterrorism- Food and Agriculture Defense

Animal Health in the Light of Natural Disasters and Bioterrorism

48 of 53 (91%) Countries responded to the OIE Questionnaire

Respondents Delegates

12

Delegate Representatives

22

Neither-Delegate nor Focal Point

14

1. Animal Health and Welfare in Disaster Management in National Legislation? Responses

YES-38 (79%) NO-8 YES/NO-1 No Response-1

2. Competent Authority have Legal Responsibility for Animal Health and Welfare in Disasters? Responses

YES-42 (88%) NO-1 LIMITED-5

2.2 Level of Collaboration with Veterinary Service and Competent Authority? Responses No Response-38

Excellent-2 Responses Good-6

Poor-1 0

10

20

30

40

3. Animal Health and Welfare incorporated into National Disaster Management Plans? Responses

YES-39 (81%) NO-9

3.1 What Animal Species are Covered in National Disaster Management Plans? Responses Livestock/Production-39

Zoo/Aquatic-25

Repsonses Companion Animals-25

Wildlife-20 0

10

20

30

40

50

3.1 What Animal Species are Covered in National Disaster Management Plans? Responses

Lab Animals-17

Repsonses

Other-not specified-3

0

5

10

15

20

4. Organizations Supporting Animal Health in Disaster Management Responses Internal NGOs-33

Local Animal Control/Regulatory-31

Responses

ad hoc Animal Response Group-27

External NGOs-9

0

20

40

5. Aware of Livestock Emergency Guidance (LEGS) Standards? Responses

YES-19 NO-29 (60%)

5.1 Trained in Livestock Emergency Guidance (LEGS) Standards? Responses

YES-6 NO-13

6. Competent Authority use Guidelines for Disaster Management of Animal Health Responses

YES-15 NO-29

6.1 What Guidelines are Used? Regional: EU Legislation EU Guideline/National Plan FAO Guideline National: National Guidelines 2 Federal/National/Civil Defense Law 4 National Disaster/Crisis Management/Contingency Plan 6 Contingency Plans and Operational Manuals Local: Local Developed Plans

7. Recent Experience with Natural Disaster? Responses

YES-22 NO-25 (52%)

7.1 Type of Recent Disaster? Responses Flood-18

Landslide-2 Responses Earthquake-1

Drought-1 0

5

10

15

20

7.1 Type of Recent Disaster? Responses Volcano-1

Forest Fire-1

Responses

Hurricane-1

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

7.2 Animal Health and Welfare Incorporated into Recent Disaster Response? Responses

YES-21 (96%) NO-1

7.3 How Effective Was Response? Responses

Acceptable-3 Good-5 Effective-9 Very Effective-2

7.4 After Action / Lessons Learned Report? Responses

YES-2 YES-Not Public-12 NO-9

8. Competent Authority with Legal Authority to Investigate Bioterrorism Events? Responses

YES-37 (77%) NO-11

9.1 Does the Competent Authority Have Capacity to Investigate Bioterrorism Events? Responses

YES-35 NO-13

9.1 Bioterrorism Capacity Gaps Responses Trained Personnel-12 Budget-11 Responses

Lab Capacity BSL-9 Forensics/Attribution-8 0

5

10

15

9.1 Bioterrorism Capacity Gaps Responses Equipment/Supplies/Drugs-8 Legal Authority-6 Responses

Surveillance System-4 Reporting Authority/Capacity-2 0

2

4

6

8

10

Bioterrorism Authority/Capacity Mismatch • Seven countries identified the authority/responsibility to investigate animal related bioterrorism events, but lacked the capacity.

• Three countries identified the capacity to investigate animal related bioterrorism events, but lacked the authority.

10. OIE activities to support Competent Authority Are there actions or activities by OIE that would assist the Competent Authority in your country to plan and response to animal health and in natural disaster and bioterrorism events? Responses

YES-45 (94%) NO-3

10.1 OIE activities to support Competent Authority Responses Guidance in Terrestrial Code-34

Develop Regional DM-BT Workshops-33 Responses

Develop Online DM-BT Training-31 Convene Global DM-BT Summit-25 0

10

20

30

40

10.1 OIE activities to support Competent Authority Responses Create OIE DM-BT Collaborating Centers-25

Provide DM-BT Exercises-24 Responses

Facilitate Mutual Support Agreements-19

Embed DM-BT into PVS-17 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10.1 OIE activities to support Competent Authority Responses Embed DM-BT into Vet Curriculum-19

Assist in DM-BT Legislation-17

Responses

Provide DM-BT Planning Teams16

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Potential Recommendations based on OIE Survey 1. OIE convene a Global Conference on Animal Health and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health in Disasters. 2. OIE develop and execute training for Animal Health and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health in Disasters including regional workshops, on line training, and table top exercises.

3. OIE develop and maintain a disaster management and disaster risk reduction resource center.

Potential Recommendations based on OIE Survey 4. OIE identify and engage strategic partners in disaster management and disaster risk reduction. 5. The Member Countries foster the development of collaborative mutual support to augment their capacity to prepare for and respond to disasters. 6. The Member Countries encourage assessment of and publication on animal disaster related events to establish a database of lessons learned and best practices.

Potential Recommendations based on OIE Survey 7. The OIE evaluate the establishment of a Collaborating Centre in the Europe region on animal health and welfare and veterinary public health in for disasters including bioterrorism to give Member Countries in the Region easier access to a source of capacity building in this field. 8. The OIE evaluate including disaster management and disaster risk reduction with the OIE Guideline for Veterinary Education Core Curriculum.

Potential Recommendations based on OIE Disaster Survey 9. The OIE continue to develop guidelines and standards relating to animal health and welfare and veterinary public health in for disasters including bioterrorism and evaluate including these within the Terrestrial Code and Aquatic Code.

Discussion