SHANG DYNASTY
ANCIENT CHINA World History Chapter 3, Section 3 Early Civilizations Chapter 4, Section 4 Philosophy & Religion Chapter 4, Section 5 Empires
ZHOU (JOE)DYNASTY 1122 - 256 B.C.
1750 to 1122 B.C.
Geography
Adv. World History Chapter 3, Section 3 Early Chinese Civilizations Chapter 3, Section 4 Rise & Fall of Chinese Empires
Yellow River Yangtze River
SELF EFFICIACY
What do these mean to you?
SHANG DYNASTY 1750 to 1122 B.C.
How do you they make you feel? What role do you play in making rituals work? JP #4
WHAT IS YOUR UNIQUE POTENTIAL?
GOV’T & SOCIAL STRUCTURE
King Nobles Artisans and Merchants
ritual sacrifice @ death
Consider where you are on the social structure...
where are YOU on this diagram?
Peasants Slaves
where are your classmates? your relatives?
JP #4
Do you want to be there? Why or why not? Where do you want to be? WHY? JP #4
MANDATE OF HEAVEN “right to rule”
ZHOU (JOE)DYNASTY 1122 - 256 B.C.
a good dynasty holds the Mandate
a bad dynasty loses it
king must rule according to the DAO What kinds of events would cause the king to lose the Mandate of Heaven and be overthrown?
DYNASTIC CYCLE a new dynasty establishes power with a Mandate of Heaven
the dynasty collapses central gov’t begins to collapse; rebellions and invasions begin
FARMING
SILK
dynasty rules successfully for many years, then begins to decline
The Chinese concept of filial piety says that grown children have an obligation to take care of their elderly parents at the expense of their own needs What important Western concepts seem to conflict with this idea of filial piety? JP #4
BRONZE
ORACLE BONES
fortune telling 50 million people!
SELF CONCEPT What are your own views? Would you be willing to do this in your life? (Consider the importance of family in your own life. All of you come from very different backgrounds which influence who you are and your values (self-concept). JP #4
ANCESTOR VENERATION Qingming - 清明節 “Clear & Bright”
JOURNAL PROMPT #4 Please continue your reflection on some of the questions we have discussed in class. Please refer to your China presentation slides that are labeled JP#4. A few questions to consider:
! America’s creed is “the pursuit of happiness,” but to what extent are Americans actually encouraged to pursue what makes them happy? Please explain.
! In what way(s) are you living or do you plan to live within a system that is inherently flawed?
! Why are the Danes so happy and can that be achieved in America? Why or why not?
Why would rituals and festivals be important to Chinese families? Do you have any family traditions? If so, explain what they are and how they evolved.
! What is your purpose in life? Are you happy with where you stand on the "social structure" diagram? Did death sever familial ties for the Chinese?
! What do you think the "social structure" diagram should actually measure? Explain.
(For instance, in one class we discussed "personality" as a way to measure where one falls on the diagram. Meaning that those who were genuinely good, caring, loving, etc. would be considered "King" and so forth down the scale.)
tomb guards
RITUAL & BURIAL
tomb relics
close up of tomb guards WARRING STATES PERIOD 403 B.C. to 221 B.C.
collapse of Zhou
WHY? 1. rulers became corrupt 2. civil war broke out 3. nobles fought one another for control
ramifications?
Three philosophies evolved which would have a great impact on Chinese history and government
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
Confucianism
As we review these philosophies: - compare the central ideas/principals to your own beliefs (self concept) - ... to those in your family and/or community
“a reforming conservative”
“If the people be led by laws, and uniformity be imposed on them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but will have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity be provided for them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and will become good.”
- what can you do to help others? (Using your beliefs) (purpose / meaning in life).
The Chinese Classics, James Legge, 1893
CONFUCIUS “Let the ruler be filial (dutiful, devoted) and kind to all people; then they will be faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent; then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous.” The Chinese Classics, James Legge, 1893
CONFUCIUS
followed by students who listened to his speeches
individual morality and ethics, and the proper exercise of political power by the rulers.
Analects
Philosophy 1. put needs below those of family and community
political and ethical what was it based on?
2. be kind and demonstrate empathy 3. gov’t service given on intelligence, talent, & virtuous character
BELIEFS Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc. Hsiao: love within the family: love of parents for their children and of children for their parents
FIVE CONSTANT RELATIONSHIPS 1. Parent & Child 2. Husband & Wife
Yi: righteousness Xin: honesty and trustworthiness
3. Older Siblings & Younger Siblings
Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards others; the highest Confucian virtue
4. Older Friend & Younger Friend
Chung: loyalty to the state, etc.
5. Ruler and Subject
CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION based entirely on Confucianism memorize Analects… students from all backgrounds make or break family This is a reference book that was used for preparing for the civil service examinations. The small size of the imprint made it convenient for traveling and sometimes was snuck into the examination hall by less scrupulous examinees, evidently for cheating. Since it was a book prepared when the demand appeared, very few have survived, making this quite precious. http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh95/grandview/books/account_3_en.html - National Palace Museum
TAOISM (DAOISM)
“refers to a power which envelops, surrounds and flows through all things, living and nonliving. The Tao regulates natural processes and nourishes balance in the Universe. It embodies the harmony of opposites
Lazoi
Tao Te Ching
let’s analyze some poetry!
Philosophy
(i.e. there would be no love without hate, no light without dark, no male without female.)
founded by....
”
LET’S DO THIS AS A CLASS... Better stop short than fill to the rim. Oversharpen the blade, and the edge will soon blunt. Amass a store of gold and jade, and no one can protect it. Claim wealth and titles, and disaster will follow. Retire when the work is done. This is the way of heaven. Now let’s look at some more Tao Te Ching...
1. follow the Dao (Way) by inaction - not action 2. natural way of life
Tao Te Ching Primary Source Analysis - Identify the source: Who created the document? When? Where? - Explore the source: What information and opinion does the document provide for us? - Analyze the source: What was the purpose of the document? Who was the intended audience and what kind of impact did it have on the people who read it? - Personalize the source: How do you feel about the document? What kind of insight does it give you into the time period/ author/ civilization?
CONQUERING THE SELF We have discussed at length about how water illustrates the Taoist concept of inaction as action. In understanding how humans illustrates this concept, we analyzed the following lines in the Tao:
LEGALISM What did Hanfeizi believe about humans? Philosophy
Conquering others is power Conquering the self is strength Conquering the self, though it doesn’t require more power, does require much more discipline and strength than simply conquering another. In conquering oneself, one is employing the concept of inaction as action. (Through inaction, you are accomplishing much more and influencing much more than simply physically conquering others.) Conquering the self is di!erent for each individual. For some, it may be overcoming a livelong fear. For others, it may be overcoming a serious pressure situation. For others, it is conquering the feeling of inadequacy, and struggling to overcome the feelings of failing in life.
What is your idea of conquering the self?
Hanfeizi
1. humans are evil 2. social order only achieved by a strong ruler and harsh laws
guide for rulers
3. people will only be obedient through fear
so... does this guy like Confucianism?
THREE PRONG FOCUS Fa - 法 law is more important than individuals law is the ultimate authority there could be no leniency
Shi - 勢
ruler derives authority from his position personal qualities unimportant benevolence is useless (because it leads to chaos)
Shu - 術
the ruler must follow the fa and shi if he does, then he will be successful
Is human nature basically good or evil?
first unification of China into single country
QIN SHIHUANGHI
“shi yung di”
raised by a Legalist scholar...
THE QIN DYNASTY (CH’IN) 221 B.C. - 207 B.C
oh wait... the word “China” looks similar....
THE GREAT WALL
What was the purpose? Who built it? why do people want to build walls, even if they are ineffective?
?
totalitarian 1. censorate spied on other branches 2. land owning aristocrats replaced with regional administrators what were the other branches?
VIDEO: BEHIND THE GREAT WALL (QIN DYNASTY) Questions to Consider as you watch: Besides building a wall, how else might one illustrate their power? Why did China build walls? (Not just the Great Wall) What changes did Emperor Qin make to the dynasty? How was the Great Wall built? How did Qin’s power affect the lives of his people?
TOMB OF THE QIN
CULTURAL SUPPRESSION - burned books and killed philosophers - suppress other philosophies Why go to all the trouble?
700,000 men built during Shihuangdi’s lifetime
~7,500 terracotta statues 120 x 6,700 x 3,100
PRIMARY SOURCE READING
(202 B.C. — A.D. 220)
A Chinese Woman Among the Barbarians
After reading and taking notes on the poem, please answer the following questions: Based on Tsai Yen’s verses, describe Tatar life. What aspects of Tatar life does Tsai Yen find intolerable from the Chinese point of view? Why does Tsai Yen have ambiguous feelings about retunring to Hand China? http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0402/feature1/index.html
CONFUCIAN GOV’T therefore???
Lui Bang
CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION based entirely on Confucianism memorize Analects… students from all backgrounds make or break family This is a reference book that was used for preparing for the civil service examinations. The small size of the imprint made it convenient for traveling and sometimes was snuck into the examination hall by less scrupulous examinees, evidently for cheating. Since it was a book prepared when the demand appeared, very few have survived, making this quite precious. http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh95/grandview/books/account_3_en.html - National Palace Museum
TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENTS
PEASANTS military service & hard labor
1 acre of land free farmers
PAPER! Textile manufacturing water mils Iron casting Invention of steel Rudder & aft (rear) rigging -led to ships and expanded trade
tenant farmers Confucian texts printed into book form
Historical changes often follow technological changes.
What modern technological changes have had an impact on history?
VIDEO 2: STORY OF THE SILK ROAD (HAN DYNASTY) Questions to Consider as you watch: What are some differences between the Qin and the Han dynasty? What is a monopoly? Who had a monopoly on what? What goods were traded along the silk road? What ideas were spread along the silk road? Why was Buddhism so accepted in China?
