Name: _____________________

ANATOMY BLIZZARD BAG 3 1. Explain why the cells below look different from one another. Nerve cell

2. Muscular and Skeletal Systems The skeletal and muscular systems work together to support the body and allow for movement. The skeletal system also makes blood cells and protects vital organs. Bones are living organs that are made up of

and have blood

vessels and nerves that run through them. They are light because they have a

.

The five functions of the skeletal system are: movement, shape and support, store minerals, produce _________________, and __________________________ organs. Muscles always work in One muscle

.

while the other relaxes.

3. Circulatory System The circulatory system carries needed substances (oxygen and nutrients) to cells and carries waste products (CO2) away from cells. It also helps fight disease.

Blood is made up of plasma,

, white blood cells and platelets.

Red blood cells carry

to body cells and ___________

__________________away from body cells. Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called are the tiny blood vessels where gas exchange happens. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries in the lungs. When oxygen rich blood returns from the lungs it enters the ______

_______ of the heart (atria and ventricle) to get pumped out the aorta to the

e.

h.

f.

g.

4. Label the parts of the heart. b. a.

d.

c.

The correct sequence that blood takes as it travels through the body is below: __________ (right side)  lungs heart (_________ side)  to ___________ 5. Respiratory System The respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside air into the body and removes the waste products carbon dioxide and water from the body. Air is a mixture mostly made up of two gases

Human use the

and

from the air we breathe for

Air goes in the nasal passages and travels down the tube called the The trachea splits into smaller and smaller tubes. At the ends of the smallest tubes are the , tiny air sacs where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged. When a person exercises his/her heart rate increases to bring more

and glucose to their muscle cells.

6.

Glucose + Oxygen

Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water

The chemical equation above represents the process of Circle the organic molecule that is broken down for energy in this process: carbohydrate

protein

lipid

vitamin

Circle the major waste product of respiration in cells: sugar

carbon dioxide

oxygen

nitrogen

7. Look at the graph below. On the left is a description of Bob’s motion and speed. On the right, describe what Bob’s heart rate would look like at each position. (increasing, decreasing or remaining the same) Describing Motion

Part B

Part A

Part A B C

Part C

Describing Heart Rate

Part D

Part C Part B

Part E

Part F

Description of Bob’s direction and speed Moving slowly 1 m/s away from starting point Increase speed 8 m/s away from starting point Standing still for 3 seconds

Part A

Part A B C D

E

Slowly 10/7.5 m/s (1.3 m/s) returning to starting point Moving past starting point fast 20 m/s

F

Standing still for 4 seconds

F

D

Part D

Why does Bob’s heart rate increase while exercising?

E

Part E

Description of Bob’s Heart Rate

Part F

8. Digestive System The digestive system breaks down food into nutrient molecules the body can use, absorbs the molecules into the blood, and eliminates waste products. List the six nutrients the human body needs for survival:

9. Complete the chart with the name of the nutrient: Organic Nutrient Molecules that Provide Calories Name of Molecule

Function Main source of energy for the body Builds cellular materials

Foods Found In pasta, bread, cereal, grains

fish, meats, eggs, beans, nuts, peanut butter Stores energy and dissolve vitamins butter, ice cream, cheese, oils

10. List the sequence of organs in the order the food travels through the digestive tract:

11. In the mouth,

bite and crush the food and the enzyme amylase found in begins to break down the carbohydrate starch into

In the esophagus, peristalsis, ____________ ________________, squeezes the food down to the stomach. The churning of the stomach along with stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) and the enzyme break down

. The thick paste then goes to the small

intestine. Most of the ______________ digestion (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates) happens in the small intestine. Nutrients are absorbed through the villi into the blood vessels and are carried to the body cells. The liver produces

which is secreted into the small intestine and breaks ________

in food down into small droplets. In the large intestine, is absorbed and the left over substances are formed into a solid form to be eliminated from the body as waste through the anus.

12. Complete the following chart by  Putting an “X” in each box where mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, or absorption occurs.  Listing the enzyme(s) found in each digestive organ.  Listing any other important parts or facts about each organ. Mechanical digestion- the physical process of breaking food into smaller pieces. (The pieces could be put back together). Chemical digestion- the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. (The final product is not the same as the original molecule. It cannot be returned to the original molecule). Absorption- the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood.

Part

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine Large Intestine Liver

Gall Bladder

Pancreas

Mechanical Digestion

Chemical Digestion

Absorption

Enzyme(s)

Other

Nervous System The nervous system receives information about what is happening to the body and directs the way the body responds to this information.

Cells that carry information through your nervous system are called A

picks up a stimulus from the environment and changes it into a nerve

impulse. The nerve impulse travels through nerves to the that then carries the impulse to the brain. The brain interprets the impulse and sends a message to the that tell the muscles to contract. A

is an

automatic response that takes place very fast. In a reflex action, the

is not

involved. The impulses travel from the __________ neuron to the spinal cord and then back to the ___________ neurons. In order for the body to perform a reflex action the ___________________ and _____________________ systems must work together.

13. Endocrine System are chemicals that carry messages throughout the body. Hormones are produced by glands of the endocrine system. The pancreas produces a hormone known as

. Not making this

any of enough of this hormone results in a disease called diabetes.

14. Excretory System The

remove carbon dioxide waste from blood.

The

filter out waste products (urea from the

breakdown of proteins and extra water) from the blood. These wastes are eliminated in urine.