12/6/2010
An Introduction to Airport Planning Chris Cain BA(Oxon), MPhil, MRTPI, MATRS Strategic Aviation Consultant, Chairman of FARE and Associate of Northpoint Aviation Services & Princeton Management Associates Loughborough University: 3 December 2010
My Experience of Airport Planning Supra-national: Regional Airports Guidelines and other EU Directives airports; structural funding and state aid National: UK Airports White Paper – SERAS, RASCO, supporting technical studies; and post white paper implementation – Masterplan and Surface Transport Guidelines, Route Development Fund Protocol
Regional: Scotland, New York, South West Airports Airport specific: Newquay POLICY WONK TO AIRPORT DIRECTOR; TURNING THEORY INTO PRACTICE !
1
12/6/2010
Scope of Presentation Top Down vs Bottom Up Airport Planning New York Airports Strategic Review Air Transport White Paper Airport Masterplans
Airport Masterplanning at Newquay
Top Down vs Bottom Up Airports as key infrastructure assets – subject of periodic national and regional strategic planning Airports as transport businesses – subject to on-going planning of detailed, incremental and major enhancement projects targeted at safety, operational efficiency and revenue generation Major airport projects are „lumpy‟ and „risky‟ investments producing step-change improvements but with protracted payback periods; small projects are „incremental‟, low risk and easily funded Airports in public ownership – management time focused on „grande projets‟; privately owned - it is on small incremental projects producing quick returns
2
12/6/2010
Top Down - Strategic Airport Planning Supra-National Airport Planning: EU Transport Plan, CESAR, Observatory on Airport Capacity etc US National Plan - Future of Air Transport Review
National Plans (eg UK White Paper, Transport Canada) Regional or World City Level – System Planning New York, New England, Canadian Provincial London and South East, Paris Basin, Scotland
Single airport masterplan; group investment strategies
Top Down – Strategic Airport Planning Within the UK National Policy Statement: Air Transport White Paper and subsequent reviews – uncertain status since announcement of the Coalition Agreement Planning Policy Guidance Notes and Statements – subject to frequent change by the „Executive‟ and increasing evidence of inconsistency Regional Spatial Plans – now abandoned Local Development Plans – much delayed; transition documents becoming outdated, status unclear Airport Masterplans: significant progress, many now complete; potential for SDO‟s and AAP‟s
3
12/6/2010
Bottom Up – Airport Planning from First Principles Maintenance as well as enhancement – reliable functionality of existing assets and processes as important as improvements generated by new ones Priority to small projects – fix problems, immediate enhancements Incremental takes precedence over radical – “if it ain‟t broke, don‟t fix it”; value of the „Stuff Manager‟! Transformational – where problems or new requirements won‟t be adequately addressed by incremental solutions, but need „fixing‟ Strategic – Long term, visionary, directional. For when times are good or someone else is paying!
Bottom Up – Airport Planning from First Principles Historic trends – How have key metrics changed in the short and longer term; implications for future operations, facilities, commercial & financial planning Current status – Land/asset register and condition surveys; demand and capacity audit; passenger/airline surveys/complaints; management data – KPIs (ave check-in and turn round times, queue lengths etc.) and management accounts (pax, aero/non-aero revenue, operating costs) Constraints mapping - aerodrome capability (TORA, TODA, ILS Category, Fire Cover, stands), safeguarding plans, PSZ‟s, environmental, ground transport
4
12/6/2010
Bottom Up – Airport Planning from First Principles Forecasts – Pax, ATM‟s, other activities, revenues, costs, delays, dwell times Gates/apron requirements, runway capacity, taxiway/hold configurations IATA standards – sizing of apron/stands; terminal areas (check-in, security/baggage handling, departure gates, arrivals/immigration/baggage collection) Ground transport access and car parking Focus on project identification targeting processing efficiency, operating cost reductions, relieving bottlenecks, maximising revenues
From Long Term Strategy to Short Term Operational Delivery Airport Masterplan: 20 to 30 year horizon – dovetails with national, regional and local land use plans Airport Development Plan: typically 5-10 years – tied capital financing arrangements in the form of equity and debt structure Airport Business Plan: 3 year horizon, reviewed annually
Airport Budget: Annual financial targets, KPI‟s and delivery plans Monthly Board Papers: Management accounts, performance tracking, pax surveys, environmental and complaints monitoring Management Team and staff meetings
5
12/6/2010
New York Airports Strategic Review
RPA’s New York Demand Projections
6
12/6/2010
Expected Runway/Airspace Capacity Shortfall: 2 Delay Standards
Average Capacity Shortfall Delay Current 115MAP 130MAP 150MAP 20 233 17 40 68 10 -39 66 95
New York: Capacity Solutions? ATC – Gate to gate, runway optimisation, spacing, stacking Infrastructure – Runways JFK or EWR? Taxiways, new holds? Terminal/stand capacity (eg large aircraft) Rail air substitution - Boston and Washington corridors Secondary Airport development Regulation – pricing, restricting of aircraft types or frequency of traffic
7
12/6/2010
The Future of Air Transport The Future of Air Transport White Paper, published in December 2003 - first comprehensive statement of UK Government policy on airports in 20 years.
Culmination of 4 years of studies, a year of consultation and a year of preparation and drafting. Took account of 500,000 responses received to the consultation exercise - one of largest ever responses to a Government consultation. Wide ranging, high profile, controversial. Grounded in detailed analysis, in depth consultation and thorough policy formulation and testing. Stood test of time – well regional sections have!
The Future of Air Transport Demand in UK projected to be 2-3 times current levels by 2030 - c 500mppa; revised downward in subsequent forecasts – now c475m. White Paper encourages making best use existing capacity first, but also supports further growth at airports subject to stringent environmental controls Provided for up to 4 new runways, 10 runway extensions, 6 major new terminals, and incremental development elsewhere Makes clear building limitless new capacity to meet demand not sustainable way forward. “Balanced” approach to airport development required, addresses impacts on local people and the natural environment.
8
12/6/2010
The Future of Air Transport – S.East Provision for two new runways at existing airports in the South East by 2030
STN then LHR, but only if stringent environmental conditions met); rejected new airport option.
Luton to develop up to maximum capacity of single runway - including runway extension; expansion of London City, Southampton and other small airport
STN R2 proposals, LHR mixed mode/R3 environmental studies all run into significant opposition, court procedures, then new Government „line in the sand‟ Do nothing, make max use approach; SE Taskforce – „long grass‟ mechanism
Future of Air Transport - Regions Support for growth of regional airports and air services is key component of overall national policy, where consistent with sustainable development principles Principal aims:
a) encourage use of local airports, offer passengers more choice b) take pressure off crowded South East airports c) reduce need for long surface journeys, particularly to SE
Support for new infrastructure - airside and landside 120mppa new capacity - 2 new runways, 2 more kept under review, new commercial airport, 3 major new terminals 30m Manchester, 25m Birmingham, 15m Edinburgh, 5-10m at GLA, NCL, BRS, NEM, LBA, LIV, less 5m elsewhere
Govt support for regional airports appears to remain – recession has slowed development
9
12/6/2010
Airport Master Plans The Future Of Air Transport (DfT, Dec 2003) stated: "We will expect airport operators to produce master plans, or where appropriate, to update existing master plans to take account of the conclusions on future development set out in the White Paper." "Airport operators should begin this process immediately, with a view to the production of new or revised master plans as soon as possible, and preferably within the next twelve months."
Airport Master Plans – The Aim Master Plans long required in North America and elsewhere – adopted and adapted concept for UK Wanted vehicle for turning strategic national policy into airport specific proposals/delivery plans post White Paper Seeking a way of increasing transparency of airport plans and encouraging airports to continue the dialogue begun with their stakeholders during the White Paper Needed to respond to new plan led planning system Extensive discussion with airports and their stakeholders before guidance published in June 2004 Enable long term resource planning within Government Provides recognisable vehicle for monitoring progress on ATWP delivery at each airport.
10
12/6/2010
Guidance on Preparation of Airport Master Plans DfT guidance sets out methodology for master plan development; suggests issues airports should address. Aims to retain flexibility for airports, whilst encouraging transparent, evidence-based approach to airport planning advocated by White Paper. Airport master plan is not a statutory plan; not grant planning approval - must be sought in the normal way, but Does provide focal point for detailed land use planning for airports; key role in informing regional/local planning. Balance operational/commercial, economic and environmental requirements
Creating a Sustainable Business Finding the right balance of:ECONOMIC IMPACT
SOCIAL IMPACT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
All of these impacts can be positive or negative Many of the positive effects are region wide Many of the negative effects are local
11
12/6/2010
23
Dialogue NATIONAL
Government Policy
Influencing
FORMAL
INFORMAL Development Plans
Good Neighbour
LOCAL
Master Plan Formats Development proposals should take form of layout plans for period to 2015/16 and less detailed block land use plans for period to 2030/31, with accompanying text and tables.
Safeguarding maps showing boundaries, safety surfaces, PSZs etc
12
12/6/2010
2g Aerodrome Safeguarding
2h Public Safety Zone (PSZ)
13
12/6/2010
Master Plans – Impact Assessment Economy
Safety Public Safety Zones Aerodrome Safeguarding Environment Noise Local Air Quality Landscape Biodiversity Heritage Water Health
Wider Economic Benefits Accessibility Public Transport Private Transport
Integration Spatial Strategy Strategic Transport Network Economic Regeneration Previously Used Land
Airports Preparing Master Plans DfT Guidance indicated the following 30 airports were expected to produce master plans: Aberdeen Belfast City Belfast Intl. Birmingham Blackpool Bournemouth Bristol Intl. Cardiff Durham Tees Valley Doncaster Sheffield
Edinburgh Exeter Glasgow Humberside Inverness Leeds Bradford Liverpool London City London Gatwick London Heathrow
London Luton London Stansted Manchester Newcastle Newquay Norwich Nottingham E Midlands Plymouth Prestwick Southampton
Others have also chosen to do so, but voluntarily: Southend City of Derry
Lydd-Ashford International Wolverhampton International
Biggin Hill Kent International
14
12/6/2010
Master Plan Progress Timescales relaxed in Guidance vs ATWP - still proved challenging Most now complete or well advanced Being picked up in planning process – uncertainty now introduced; post code lottery Essential for funding bids – internal and external Have become high profile documents First round of updates due shortly
Newquay Cornwall Airport Masterplan Interim Statement – 2005 Forecasts, constraints mapping - late 2007 Optioneering – Early 2008 Impact assessments including SEA - Mid 2008
Draft published November 2008 Finalised June 2009 Comprises: Core Document, Exec Summary, Technical Appendices – Economic, Climate Impact Assessment, SEA, Environmental Management Plan, ASAS
15
12/6/2010
Growth of NCA: Demand Forecasts 2.5 m
Newquay Airport Passenger Forecast (FY 2005/06 - 2035/36) (Source: AviaSolutions)
Annual Passengers
2.0 m
Base Case Low Scenario High Scenario 1.5 m
1.0 m
0.5 m
0.0 m 2006
2011
2016
2021
2026
2031
2036
Financial Year Ending March
Newquay Cornwall Airport RAF St Mawgan
16
12/6/2010
Newquay Development Plan Framework
Masterplan: Land Acquisition
17
12/6/2010
Masterplan: South Side Option
Masterplan: South Side Option
18
12/6/2010
Value of Newquay Masterplan Definitive land use plan for the airport – reflected in Unitary Authority Core Strategy, Convergence Programme, LEP Bid Framework for Business Plan, Capital Programme, Asset Management Plan Provided certainty for planning in safeguarded areas and for adjacent development Implementation will depend on commercial progress and finding availability
19
12/6/2010
NQY - Incremental Airport Planning Masterplan strategic, time consuming but essential Business Plan and Board Reports are key airport plannig tools on a day to day basis Project and capital programmes – series of gateways: scope, project brief, design, costing, programme, commissioning Far more focus on transformation through a programme of small scale projects And on fixing problems and maintaining what exists
Newquay - Incremental Improvements
20