12/6/2010

An Introduction to Airport Planning Chris Cain BA(Oxon), MPhil, MRTPI, MATRS Strategic Aviation Consultant, Chairman of FARE and Associate of Northpoint Aviation Services & Princeton Management Associates Loughborough University: 3 December 2010

My Experience of Airport Planning  Supra-national: Regional Airports Guidelines and other EU Directives airports; structural funding and state aid  National: UK Airports White Paper – SERAS, RASCO, supporting technical studies; and post white paper implementation – Masterplan and Surface Transport Guidelines, Route Development Fund Protocol

 Regional: Scotland, New York, South West Airports  Airport specific: Newquay  POLICY WONK TO AIRPORT DIRECTOR; TURNING THEORY INTO PRACTICE !

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Scope of Presentation  Top Down vs Bottom Up Airport Planning  New York Airports Strategic Review  Air Transport White Paper  Airport Masterplans

 Airport Masterplanning at Newquay

Top Down vs Bottom Up  Airports as key infrastructure assets – subject of periodic national and regional strategic planning  Airports as transport businesses – subject to on-going planning of detailed, incremental and major enhancement projects targeted at safety, operational efficiency and revenue generation  Major airport projects are „lumpy‟ and „risky‟ investments producing step-change improvements but with protracted payback periods; small projects are „incremental‟, low risk and easily funded  Airports in public ownership – management time focused on „grande projets‟; privately owned - it is on small incremental projects producing quick returns

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Top Down - Strategic Airport Planning  Supra-National Airport Planning:  EU Transport Plan, CESAR, Observatory on Airport Capacity etc  US National Plan - Future of Air Transport Review

 National Plans (eg UK White Paper, Transport Canada)  Regional or World City Level – System Planning  New York, New England, Canadian Provincial  London and South East, Paris Basin, Scotland

 Single airport masterplan; group investment strategies

Top Down – Strategic Airport Planning Within the UK  National Policy Statement: Air Transport White Paper and subsequent reviews – uncertain status since announcement of the Coalition Agreement  Planning Policy Guidance Notes and Statements – subject to frequent change by the „Executive‟ and increasing evidence of inconsistency  Regional Spatial Plans – now abandoned  Local Development Plans – much delayed; transition documents becoming outdated, status unclear  Airport Masterplans: significant progress, many now complete; potential for SDO‟s and AAP‟s

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Bottom Up – Airport Planning from First Principles  Maintenance as well as enhancement – reliable functionality of existing assets and processes as important as improvements generated by new ones  Priority to small projects – fix problems, immediate enhancements  Incremental takes precedence over radical – “if it ain‟t broke, don‟t fix it”; value of the „Stuff Manager‟!  Transformational – where problems or new requirements won‟t be adequately addressed by incremental solutions, but need „fixing‟  Strategic – Long term, visionary, directional. For when times are good or someone else is paying!

Bottom Up – Airport Planning from First Principles  Historic trends – How have key metrics changed in the short and longer term; implications for future operations, facilities, commercial & financial planning  Current status – Land/asset register and condition surveys; demand and capacity audit; passenger/airline surveys/complaints; management data – KPIs (ave check-in and turn round times, queue lengths etc.) and management accounts (pax, aero/non-aero revenue, operating costs)  Constraints mapping - aerodrome capability (TORA, TODA, ILS Category, Fire Cover, stands), safeguarding plans, PSZ‟s, environmental, ground transport

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Bottom Up – Airport Planning from First Principles  Forecasts – Pax, ATM‟s, other activities, revenues, costs, delays, dwell times  Gates/apron requirements, runway capacity, taxiway/hold configurations  IATA standards – sizing of apron/stands; terminal areas (check-in, security/baggage handling, departure gates, arrivals/immigration/baggage collection)  Ground transport access and car parking  Focus on project identification targeting processing efficiency, operating cost reductions, relieving bottlenecks, maximising revenues

From Long Term Strategy to Short Term Operational Delivery  Airport Masterplan: 20 to 30 year horizon – dovetails with national, regional and local land use plans  Airport Development Plan: typically 5-10 years – tied capital financing arrangements in the form of equity and debt structure  Airport Business Plan: 3 year horizon, reviewed annually

 Airport Budget: Annual financial targets, KPI‟s and delivery plans  Monthly Board Papers: Management accounts, performance tracking, pax surveys, environmental and complaints monitoring  Management Team and staff meetings

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New York Airports Strategic Review

RPA’s New York Demand Projections

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Expected Runway/Airspace Capacity Shortfall: 2 Delay Standards

Average Capacity Shortfall Delay Current 115MAP 130MAP 150MAP 20 233 17 40 68 10 -39 66 95

New York: Capacity Solutions?  ATC – Gate to gate, runway optimisation, spacing, stacking  Infrastructure – Runways JFK or EWR? Taxiways, new holds?  Terminal/stand capacity (eg large aircraft)  Rail air substitution - Boston and Washington corridors  Secondary Airport development  Regulation – pricing, restricting of aircraft types or frequency of traffic

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12/6/2010

The Future of Air Transport  The Future of Air Transport White Paper, published in December 2003 - first comprehensive statement of UK Government policy on airports in 20 years.

 Culmination of 4 years of studies, a year of consultation and a year of preparation and drafting.  Took account of 500,000 responses received to the consultation exercise - one of largest ever responses to a Government consultation.  Wide ranging, high profile, controversial. Grounded in detailed analysis, in depth consultation and thorough policy formulation and testing. Stood test of time – well regional sections have!

The Future of Air Transport  Demand in UK projected to be 2-3 times current levels by 2030 - c 500mppa; revised downward in subsequent forecasts – now c475m.  White Paper encourages making best use existing capacity first, but also supports further growth at airports subject to stringent environmental controls  Provided for up to 4 new runways, 10 runway extensions, 6 major new terminals, and incremental development elsewhere  Makes clear building limitless new capacity to meet demand not sustainable way forward. “Balanced” approach to airport development required, addresses impacts on local people and the natural environment.

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The Future of Air Transport – S.East  Provision for two new runways at existing airports in the South East by 2030

 STN then LHR, but only if stringent environmental conditions met); rejected new airport option.

 Luton to develop up to maximum capacity of single runway - including runway extension; expansion of London City, Southampton and other small airport

 STN R2 proposals, LHR mixed mode/R3 environmental studies all run into significant opposition, court procedures, then new Government „line in the sand‟  Do nothing, make max use approach; SE Taskforce – „long grass‟ mechanism

Future of Air Transport - Regions  Support for growth of regional airports and air services is key component of overall national policy, where consistent with sustainable development principles  Principal aims:

 a) encourage use of local airports, offer passengers more choice  b) take pressure off crowded South East airports  c) reduce need for long surface journeys, particularly to SE

 Support for new infrastructure - airside and landside  120mppa new capacity - 2 new runways, 2 more kept under review, new commercial airport, 3 major new terminals  30m Manchester, 25m Birmingham, 15m Edinburgh, 5-10m at GLA, NCL, BRS, NEM, LBA, LIV, less 5m elsewhere

Govt support for regional airports appears to remain – recession has slowed development

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Airport Master Plans The Future Of Air Transport (DfT, Dec 2003) stated:  "We will expect airport operators to produce master plans, or where appropriate, to update existing master plans to take account of the conclusions on future development set out in the White Paper."  "Airport operators should begin this process immediately, with a view to the production of new or revised master plans as soon as possible, and preferably within the next twelve months."

Airport Master Plans – The Aim  Master Plans long required in North America and elsewhere – adopted and adapted concept for UK  Wanted vehicle for turning strategic national policy into airport specific proposals/delivery plans post White Paper  Seeking a way of increasing transparency of airport plans and encouraging airports to continue the dialogue begun with their stakeholders during the White Paper  Needed to respond to new plan led planning system  Extensive discussion with airports and their stakeholders before guidance published in June 2004  Enable long term resource planning within Government  Provides recognisable vehicle for monitoring progress on ATWP delivery at each airport.

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Guidance on Preparation of Airport Master Plans  DfT guidance sets out methodology for master plan development; suggests issues airports should address.  Aims to retain flexibility for airports, whilst encouraging transparent, evidence-based approach to airport planning advocated by White Paper.  Airport master plan is not a statutory plan; not grant planning approval - must be sought in the normal way, but  Does provide focal point for detailed land use planning for airports; key role in informing regional/local planning.  Balance operational/commercial, economic and environmental requirements

Creating a Sustainable Business Finding the right balance of:ECONOMIC IMPACT

SOCIAL IMPACT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

All of these impacts can be positive or negative Many of the positive effects are region wide Many of the negative effects are local

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Dialogue NATIONAL

Government Policy

Influencing

FORMAL

INFORMAL Development Plans

Good Neighbour

LOCAL

Master Plan Formats Development proposals should take form of layout plans for period to 2015/16 and less detailed block land use plans for period to 2030/31, with accompanying text and tables.

Safeguarding maps showing boundaries, safety surfaces, PSZs etc

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2g Aerodrome Safeguarding

2h Public Safety Zone (PSZ)

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Master Plans – Impact Assessment Economy

Safety Public Safety Zones Aerodrome Safeguarding Environment Noise Local Air Quality Landscape Biodiversity Heritage Water Health

Wider Economic Benefits Accessibility Public Transport Private Transport

Integration Spatial Strategy Strategic Transport Network Economic Regeneration Previously Used Land

Airports Preparing Master Plans DfT Guidance indicated the following 30 airports were expected to produce master plans: Aberdeen Belfast City Belfast Intl. Birmingham Blackpool Bournemouth Bristol Intl. Cardiff Durham Tees Valley Doncaster Sheffield

Edinburgh Exeter Glasgow Humberside Inverness Leeds Bradford Liverpool London City London Gatwick London Heathrow

London Luton London Stansted Manchester Newcastle Newquay Norwich Nottingham E Midlands Plymouth Prestwick Southampton

Others have also chosen to do so, but voluntarily: Southend City of Derry

Lydd-Ashford International Wolverhampton International

Biggin Hill Kent International

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Master Plan Progress  Timescales relaxed in Guidance vs ATWP - still proved challenging  Most now complete or well advanced  Being picked up in planning process – uncertainty now introduced; post code lottery  Essential for funding bids – internal and external  Have become high profile documents  First round of updates due shortly

Newquay Cornwall Airport Masterplan  Interim Statement – 2005  Forecasts, constraints mapping - late 2007  Optioneering – Early 2008  Impact assessments including SEA - Mid 2008

 Draft published November 2008  Finalised June 2009  Comprises: Core Document, Exec Summary, Technical Appendices – Economic, Climate Impact Assessment, SEA, Environmental Management Plan, ASAS

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Growth of NCA: Demand Forecasts 2.5 m

Newquay Airport Passenger Forecast (FY 2005/06 - 2035/36) (Source: AviaSolutions)

Annual Passengers

2.0 m

Base Case Low Scenario High Scenario 1.5 m

1.0 m

0.5 m

0.0 m 2006

2011

2016

2021

2026

2031

2036

Financial Year Ending March

Newquay Cornwall Airport RAF St Mawgan

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Newquay Development Plan Framework

Masterplan: Land Acquisition

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Masterplan: South Side Option

Masterplan: South Side Option

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Value of Newquay Masterplan  Definitive land use plan for the airport – reflected in Unitary Authority Core Strategy, Convergence Programme, LEP Bid  Framework for Business Plan, Capital Programme, Asset Management Plan  Provided certainty for planning in safeguarded areas and for adjacent development  Implementation will depend on commercial progress and finding availability

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NQY - Incremental Airport Planning  Masterplan strategic, time consuming but essential  Business Plan and Board Reports are key airport plannig tools on a day to day basis  Project and capital programmes – series of gateways: scope, project brief, design, costing, programme, commissioning  Far more focus on transformation through a programme of small scale projects  And on fixing problems and maintaining what exists

Newquay - Incremental Improvements

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