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KATHERINE MANSFIELD’S LIFE

ENGLISH AND IRISH LITERATURE

FRENCH LITERATURE

1888 October, 14 Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp is born to Annie Dyer and Harold Beauchamp, residing at 11 Tinakori Rd, Wellington, New Zealand, “a little land with no history.” She will be one of six children.

1888 - George Francis Armstrong, Mephistopheles in Broadcloth: A Satire; - Mary Elizabeth Braddon, The Fatal Three; -Robert Buchanan, The Heir of Linne; The City of Dream: an Epic Poem; -Wilkie Collins, The Legacy of Cain (novel in 3 vols.); -Arthur Conan Doyle, Micah Clarke; -Birth of T. S. Eliot; - Sir William Schwenck Gilbert, The Yeomen of the Guard; - George Gissing, A Life's Morning; - George Grossmith, A Society Clown: Reminiscences; - Thomas Hardy, Wessex

1888 -Maupassant, Pierre et Jean; -birth of Bernanos and Jouhandeau; -Émile Verhaeren, Les Débacles; -Zola, Le rêve; -Barrès, Sous l’Œil des barbares; Le Culte du moi; -Claudel, Fragment d’un drame; -The Brothers Karamazov translated into French (Frères Karamazov); -Georges Courteline, Le Train de 8 h 47;

AMERICAN LITERATURE

1888 -Birth of Eugene Gladstone O’Neill; -death of Bronson and Louisa May Alcott; -Henry James, “The Aspern Papers”;

- Walt Whitman, November Boughs, Complete Poems and Prose; -Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward; -Theodore Roosevelt, Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail; -Grace Elizabeth King, Monsieur Motte.

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ARTS & SCIENCE (other major philosophical and scientific works, music, painting) 1888 -John Boyd Dunlop invents the first pneumatic tire; -George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak; -Vincent Van Gogh, L’Arlésienne; Bedroom in Arles (La Chambre à coucher); Café Terrace at Night; beginning of the project the Décoration for the Yellow House (Sunflowers); series of the Flowering Orchards; The Night Café; some paintings of the series The Roulin Family; The Yellow House; Starry Night Over the Rhone; -Paul Gauguin, The Painter of Sunflowers; Madame Roulin; The Vision After the Sermon

MAIN HISTORICAL EVENTS

1888 - Germany: Emperor Frederick III dies and is succeeded by his son Wilhelm II; -Brazil: slavery is abolished by the Lei Aurea (“Golden Law”); -(12 March, USA) Great Blizzard paralyzes the east coast and causes 400 deaths;

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Tales; - W. E. Henley, A book of Verses; -death of Mary Howitt; - Thomas Hughes, A manual for cooperators. Prepared at the request of the Cooperative congress, held at Gloucester, in April, 1879; -Kipling, Plain Tales from the Hills; Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys, In Black and White, Wee Wee Willie Winkie, and Turn overs from "The Civil and Military Gazette"; -Edward Lear, Nonsense Botany; -death of Edward Lear; -Eliza Lynn Linton, Through the Long Night (serialized in The People); - George MacDonald, The Elect Lady; -Gerald Massey, “The Name and Nature of the Christ”; “The Secret

(Jacob wrestling with the Angel); -Renoir, Girl with Spikes - Girl with Flowers; -Camille Pissarro, Apple harvest at Eragny; - Georges Seurat, Porten-Bessin: The Outer Harbor (Low Tide); - Henri Toulouse Lautrec, Equestrienne (at the cirque fernando); -John William Waterhouse, The Lady of Shalott; Cleopatra; -Sir Lawrence AlmaTadema, The Roses of Heliogabalus; -Edmund Blair Leighton, Call to Arms; -Johannes Brahms, Violin Sonata in D minor (opus 108); -Claude Debussy, Arabesque No. 1, L. 66 for piano; -Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 1, Lieder aus “Des Knaben Wnderhorn”; -Richard Strauss, Don

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Drama of Shakespeare’s Sonnets”; - George Meredith, A Reading of Earth; - William Morris (selection), A Dream of John Ball; The House of the Wolfings; Signs of Change; “The Revival of Architecture”; “The Revival of Handicraft”; “Ugly London”; - Margaret Oliphant, The Second Son (18871888); -John Addington Symonds, translation of Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini; -Oscar Wilde, The Happy Prince and Other Tales; -H. G. Wells, "The Devotee of Art";

1889 - William Allingham, Life and Phantasy; -John Barlas (pseudonym: Evelyn

Juan; Macbeth (first version); Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Symphony No. 5

1889 -birth of Cocteau and Reverdy; -Bourget, Le Disciple; -Maeterlinck, La

1889 -Edith Wharton publishes poems in “Scribner’s Magazine”; -William Dean Howells, 3

1889 -The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated on 31 March; -Bergson, Essai sur les

1889 -Benjamin Harrison wins the presidency (USA) -(USA) Admitted to statehood: North

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Douglas), Love Sonnets; -Annie Besant, "Why I became a Theosophist"; -M. E. Braddon, The Day Will Come; -Robert Browning, Asolando; -Death of Robert Browning; -Buchanan, A Man's Shadow; On Descending into Hell: a letter addressed to the Right Hon. Henry Matthews, Q.C., Home Secretary, concerning the proposed suppression of literature; The Bride of Love; -Lewis Carroll, Sylvie and Bruno (vol. I); - Wilkie Collins, Blind Love (novel in 3 vols., completed by Walter Besant after WC's death); -death of Wilkie Collins; -Marie Corelli, Ardath; -Doyle, The Mystery of Cloomber; - Sir William Schwenck

Princesse Maleine; -Christophe, La Famille Fenouillard; -La Revue Blanche launched; -birth of Jean Cocteau and Pierre Reverdy; -death of Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Jules Champfleury (pseudonyme de Jules Husson) and of Barbey d'Aurevilly; -first French comic strip (bande dessinée).

Annie Kilburn; -Theodore Roosevelt, The Winning of the West; -Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee in King’s Arthur Court; -Munsey’s Magazine (1889-1929); - birth of Donn Byrne (Irish parents).

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données immédiates de la conscience; -Klimt, The Sirens; -Lautrec, Ball at the Moulin de la Galette; -Seurat, La Tour Eiffel -Paul Gauguin, The Green Christ; The Yellow Christ; -Van Gogh, copies after Millet and others; series of the Roulin Family; Starry Night; - The Exhibition at the Café Volpini; -John William Waterhouse, Ophelia; -Thomas Eakins, The Agnew Clinic; -Frederick McCubbin, Down on His Luck; -Theodore Robinson, Winter Landscape; -Enrique Granados, Danzas españolas; -The Gondoliers (music: Arthur Sullivan, libretto: W. S. Gilbert; Savoy Theatre)

Dakota and South Dakota, Montana, and Washington; -Germany: birth of Adolph Hitler; -France: Boulangists are defeated in the general elections of July; The Second International (in existence until 1916); -Japan: The Constitution of the Empire of Japan; -Brazil: Emperor Dom Pedro II is deposed, Brazil is declared a republic; -Africa: Ras Menelik becomes Emperor of Ethiopia and concludes the treaty of Uccialli with Italy. British South Africa Company rules a territory which will be named Rhodesia.

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Gilbert, The Gondoliers; - George Gissing, The Nether World; -death of Gerard Manley Hopkins; -T. Hughes, David Livingstone; - death of G. P. R. James; -Edward Lear (post.), Tennyson’s Poems, illustrated by Lear; -Gerald Massey, My Lyrical Life: Poems Old and New; -Morris (selection), “Gothic Architecture”; “Monuments in Westminster Abbey”; “Socialism and Anarchism”; The Roots of the Mountains; -Oliphant, Lady Car; -Walter Pater, Appreciations: With an Essay on Style; -Coventry Patmore, Principle in Art; -John Ruskin, Praeterita, (1885-1889); Dilecta (1885-1889);

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-Robert Louis Stevenson, The Master of Ballantrae: A Winter’s Tale; The Wrong Box (co-written with Lloyd Osbourne); -Swinburne, Poems and Ballads (third series); -Arthur Symons, Days and Nights; -Alfred Lord Tennyson, Demeter and Other Poems; -Oscar Wilde, The Decay of Lying; -William Butler Yeats, The Wanderings of Oisin;

1890 - Dickens, The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices; -Richard Doddridge Blackmore, Kit and Kitty; -death of Dion Boucicault; -M. E. Braddon, One Life, One Love;

1890 -“Mercure de France”; “Hermitage”; -birth of Maurice Genevoix and Victor Serge; -France, Thaïs; -death of Octave Feuillet; -Zola, La Bête humaine;

1890 -Emily Dickinson, Poems; -Howells, A Hazard of New Fortunes; -Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives; -Henry James, The Tragic Muse; -Sarah Orne Jewett, 6

1890 -Belle époque; -Paul Fort founds the Théâtre d'art; -James George Frazer, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (1890-1915); -William James, Principles of Psychology;

1890 -France: birth of Charles de Gaulle; -Germany: Bismarck resigns; -Union between Netherlands and Luxembourg comes to an end; -USA: Yosemite Park

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-Buchanan, The Moment After: a tale of the unseen; The English Rose; -Marie Corelli, Wormwood ; -Arthur Conan Doyle, The Sign of Four; The Firm of Girdlestone; -Marianne Farningham, (pseudo. Eva Hope) Stanley and Africa; - George Gissing, The Emancipated; - Hardy, "The Lady Penelope"; A Group of Noble Dames; - William Ernest Henley, Views and Reviews; -Ernest William Hornung, A Bride from the Bush; -James, The Tragic Muse; -Kipling, The Courting of Dinah Shadd and Other Stories and The City of Dreadful Night; -Eliza Lynn Linton, About Ulster; -G. MacDonald, A

-Claudel, Tête d’or; -Christophe, Le Sapeur Camenber; -Renan, L’Avenir de la science. -Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, Axël

Tales of New England

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-Van Gogh, L’Arlésienne (1890 versions); At Eternity’s Gate; Houses in Auvers; Harvest near Auvers; The Church at Auvers; Thatched Cottages by a Hill; Daubigny’s Garden; double-squares and squares; Portrait of Dr Gachet; Wheat Field with Crows; -Monet, Canoe on the Epte; he begins the series “Haystacks”; -Cézanne, Boy in a Red Vest (1888-1890); Madame Cézanne; -William-Adolphe Bouguereau, The Bohemian; -Alma-Tadema, The Frigidarium ; -Fattori - Dvořák, Requiem; -Sibelius, Piano Quintet in G minor; -Mascagni, Cavalleria Rusticana; -Tchaikovsky, Queen of Spades;

created (29 December); 200 Sioux killed by soldiers in South Dakota; Sherman Act; McKinley Tariff Act; US Census officially states the frontier has broken up; -Cile: civil war; -Africa: Italy consolidates Eritrea into a colony; agreement between Germany and Great Britain about settlements in East Africa; Cecil Rhodes becomes Prime Minister of the Cape Colony.

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Rough Shaking; -W. Morris News from Nowhere; The Story of the Glittering Plain; “Vandalism in Oxford”; -death of cardinal John Henry Newman; -Oliphant, Kirsteen (1889-1890); -Stevenson, Father Damien: an Open Letter to the Rev. Dr. Hyde of Honolulu; Underwoods; -J. A. Symonds, Essays, Speculative and Suggestive; translation of The Memoirs of Count Carlo Gozzi; -W. B. Yeats, Lake Isle of Innsifree;

1891 -George Francis Armstrong, One in the Infinite; -Braddon, Gerard; or, The World, the flesh, and the Devil; -Buchanan, The Outcast: a rhyme for the time; Come, Live with Me and

-Borodin starts Prince Igor;

1891 -Maupassant goes insane -Rimbaud dies; -Jean Moréas opposes the Symbolists and founds “L’École romane”; -Georges de PortoRiche, Amoureuse;

1891 -Death of Melville (b.1819) in New York; -James, “The Pupil”; -Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman, A New England Nun and Other Stories; -Rose Terry Cooke, Huckleberries Gathered 8

1891 -Thomas Edison patents the “kinetoscope”; -John William Waterhouse, Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses; -Toulouse-Lautrec, pster advertising “La Goulue”; Woman Combing her

1891 -(USA) International Copyright Law; Populist Party formed in Cincinnati, Ohio; General Electric; -Russia: construction on the Trans-Siberian Railway begins; -Italy: Leone XIII, Rerum

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be My Love; The Coming Terror, and other essays and letters; The Trumpet Call; The White Rose (with George R. Sims); The Wedding Ring: a tale of to-day; -Doyle, The White Company; The Doings of Raffles Haw; -George du Maurier, Peter Ibbetson; -Ford Madox Ford, The Brown Owl; -George Gissing, New Grub Street; -Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’Urbervilles; "For Conscience' Sake"; ." The Doctor's Legend"; "A Few Crusted Characters"; A Group of Noble Dames (published by Osgood, McIlvaine); “On the Western Circuit"; "The Son's Veto"; "What The Shepherd Saw"; - Kipling, The Light that Failed, Letters of Marque and Life's

-Mallarmé, Pages -André Gide, Les cahiers d’André Walter; -Allais, À se tordre; -Huysmans, Là-bas; -Zola, L’argent; -Moréas, Le Pélerin passionné; - Émile Verhaeren, Falmbeaux noirs; -Gide, Le Traité du Narcisse; -Schwob, Coeur double.

from New England Hills; -Howells, Criticism and Fiction; -Emily Dickinson, Poems: Second Series; -Hamlin Hannibal Garland, Main-Travelled Roads; -Mary Noailles Murfree (pen name Charles Egbert Craddock), In the “Stranger People’s” Country; -Sophia Alice Callahan, Wynema: A Child of the Forest (first novel by a Native American woman author).

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Hair - Two Women in Nightgowns; -Seurat, Circus; -Monet, poplar series; Haystacks (series begun in 1890); -Gauguin, Tahitian Women on the Beach; Le Repas; Hail Mary; Conversation; -Henri Rousseau, Tiger in a Tropical Storm; -Mary Cassatt, The Bath (1891-92); -Frederic Leighton, The Return of Persephone; -Monet, Haystack. End of the Summer. Morning; -John William Waterhouse, Ulysses and the Sirens; -John Collier, Priestess of Delphi; -Brahms, Clarinet Quintet in B Minor, Opus 115; -Delius, Irmelin; -Emile Pessard, Les folies amoureuses (Théâtre de l’Opéra-

Novarum.

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Handicap; -E. L. Linton, About Ireland; "An Octave of Friends," with Other Silhouettes and Stories; -G. MacDonald, There and Back; -Meredith, One of Our Conquerors appears in The Fortnightly, The Australasian and The New York Sun; - W. Morris, Poems by the Way; “Address on the Collection of Paintings of the English Pre-Raphaelite School”; “The Socialist Ideal: Art”; -Oliphant, The Cuckoo in the Nest (1891-1892); -William Sharp, Sospiri di Roma ; -G. B. Shaw, Quintessence of Ibsenism; -Stevenson, Ballads; -Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray; Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Other Stories;

Comique).

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Intentions; Salome;

1892 - Mary Elizabeth Braddon, The Venetians; -Buchanan, Buchanan's Poems for the People No. 1; The Lights Of Home (with Sims); The Lost Paradise (with Sims); The Black Domino (with Sims); -M. Corelli, The Soul of Lilith; The Silver Domino; -Doyle, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; The Great Shadow; Beyond the City; Lot No. 249 -Marianne Farningham, Nineteen Hundred? A forecast and a story; -Ford Madox Ford, The Feather; The Shifting of the Fire; -Sir William Schwenck Gilbert, The Mountebanks; Haste to the Wedding;

1892 -Zola, La Débâcle; -Maeterlinck, Pelléas et Mélisande; -Feydeau, Monsieur chasse; -Sardou, Madame SansGêne; -France, Le Jongleur de Notre Dame; La Rotisserie de la Reine Pedauque; -Rodenbach, Bruges-laMorte; -Wuthering Heights translated into French (Hauts de Hurlevent).

1892 -death of Whitman (b. 1819); -James, “The Real Thing”; -Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (AfricanAmerican woman author), Iola Leroy; -death of Rose Terry Cooke (b. 1827); -Mary Hallock Foote, The Chosen Valley; -William Dean Howells, The Quality of Mercy; -Grace Elizabeth King, Tales of a Time and Place; -Joel Chandler Harris, Uncle Remus and His Friends.

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1892 -Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel invents the diesel engine; -Lautrec starts painting At The Moulin Rouge; In Bed; Reine de Joie; -Sir Frank Dicksee, Passion; -Frederic Leighton, The Garden of the Hesperides -George Hitchcock, The Flight Into Egypt; -John William Godward, Leaning on the Balcony; -Gauguin, We Shall Not Go to the Market Today; The Spirit of the Dead Keeps Watch; -Renoir, Girls at the Piano;

1892 -USA: democrat and former president Grover Cleveland is elected over Benjamin Harrison and Populist candidate J. B. Weaver; -Italy: Italian Socialist Party is founded; -GB: Gladstone is reelected prime Minister.

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-G. Gissing, Denzil Quarrier; Born in Exile; -Weedon Grossmith, The Diary of a Nobody; -Thomas Hardy, The Pursuit of the WellBeloved; -W. E. Henley, The Song of the Sword (London Voluntaries); (with Stevenson) Beau Austin; (with Stevenson) Deacon Brodie; (with Stevenson), Admiral Guinea; -E. W. Hornung, Under Two Skies; -Kipling, Barrack-Room Ballads, Rhymed Chapter Headings and The Naulahka: -Meredith, The Empty Purse; -Oliphant, The Sorceress (1892-1893); -birth of Vita SackvilleWest; -George Bernard Shaw, Widower’s Houses (publ. 1893); -Stevenson, The

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Wrecker (co-written with Lloyd Osbourne); A Footnote to History, Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa; Across the Plains; -A. Symons, Silhouettes; -Death of Lord Alfred Tennyson; -Tennyson, The Death of OEnone, and Other Poems; The Foresters; -Wilde, The House of Pomegranates; Lady Windermere’s Fan; -William Butler Yeats, The Countess Kathleen; he founds the National Literary Society of Ireland;

1893 -Annie Besant, An Autobiography; -Mary Elizabeth Braddon, All Along the River; A Life Interest; -Buchanan, The Wandering Jew: a Christmas carol;

1893 - Émile Verhaeren, Les Campagnes hallucinées; -Zola, Monsieur Pascal; -Malot, En famille; -Courteline, Boubouroche; Messieurs les ronds-decuir;

1893 -Henry James, “The Real Thing and Other Tales”; “The Middle Years”; Essays in London and Elsewhere; Picture and Text; -Stephen Crane, Maggie: A Girl of the 13

1893

1893 -US: Hawaii becomes a US protectorate; World’s Columbian Exhibition (Chicago); -GB: Gladstone reintroduces a Home Rule Bill (but it will be rejected by the House

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Woman and the Man: a story; The Piper of Hamelin: a fantastic opera; -L. Carroll, Sylvie and Bruno (vol. II); -Mary Coleridge, The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus; -M. Corelli, Barabbas; -Doyle, The Refugees; Jane Annie, or the Good Conduct Prize; -Marianne Farningham, A Story of 50 Years; (pseudo. Eva Hope), New World Heroes; -Ford Madox Ford, The Question at the Well; -Sir William Schwenck Gilbert, Utopia Limited; or, The Flowers of Progress; -G. Gissing, The Odd Women; -Hardy, "The Fiddler of the Reels"; "Master John Horseleigh, Knight"; "A Tryst at an Ancient Earthwork"; -Hornung, Tiny Luttrell;

-Jules Renard, L’Écornifleur; -France, Les Opinions de Jerome Coignard; -Robert de Montesquiou, Les Chauves-souris; Le Chef des odeurs suaves; -Heredia, Les Trophées; -Christophe, L’Idée fixe du savant Cosinus;

Streets; -Alice French (better known as Octave Thanet), Stories of a Western Town; -Henry Blake Fuller, The Cliff-Dwellers; -Joseph Nicolar, The Life and Traditions of the Red Man; -“McClure’s Magazine” (N.Y.)

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of Lords). Foundation conference of the Independent Labour Party; -The Banca Romana scandal; Prime Minister Giolitti resigns; -Belgium adopts universal male suffrage; -Africa: Menelik II learns that the Italian version of the treaty makes Ethiopia a protectorate of Italy and denounces the agreement.

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-T. Hughes, Alfred the Great; - Kipling, Many Inventions; -G. MacDonald, Heather and Snow; The Poetical Works of George MacDonald (2 vols); Scotch Songs and Ballads; A Dish of Orts; -Meredith, Lord Ormont and His Aminta appears in Pall Mall Magazine; -Morris, “Printing”; “Textiles”; -Oliphant, A House in Bloomsbury (18931894); -birth of Wilfred Owen; -W. Pater, Plato and Platonism: A Series of Lectures; -C. Patmore, Religio Poetae; -Elizabeth Missing Sewell, The Autobiography of Elizabeth M. Sewell; -George Bernard Shaw, The Philanderer (publ. 1898); Mrs. Warren’s

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Profession(publ. 1898); -Stevenson, Catriona (aka David Balfour); Island Nights’ Entertainments (aka South Sea Tales); The Beach of Falesá; -J. A. Symonds, translation of The Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti; In the Key of Blue and Other Prose Essays; Walt Whitman. A Study; -death of J. A. Symonds; -H. G. Wells, "The Flying Man" (aka "The Advent of the Flying Man"); -Wilde, A Woman of No Importance; The Duchess of Padua; -W. B. Yeats, The Rose; The Celtic Twilight; he edits an edition of the Works of William Blake;

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1894 -R. D. Blackmore, Perlycross; -Braddon, The Christmas Hirelings; Thou Art the Man; -Buchanan, The Devil's Case: a bank holiday interlude (in verse); The Charlatan (play); Rachel Dene: a tale of the Deepdale Mills; Red and White Heather: North Country tales and ballads; -Doyle, The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes; The Parasite; -George du Maurier, Trilby; -Ford Madox Ford, The Queen Who Flew; -G. Gissing, In the Year of Jubilee; -Hardy, Life’s Little Ironies (publ. By Osgood, McIlvaine); "An Imaginative Woman"; -Hardy, Life’s Little Ironies;

1894 -Renard, Histoires naturelles; Poil de carotte; -Gorges Courteline, Ah! Jeunesse!; -Zola, Lourdes; -France, Le Lys Rouge; -Mendès, La Légende du Parnasse contemporain; -Schwob, Le Livre de Monelle; -France, Le Lys rouge; -Jarry, Les minutes de sable mémorial.

1894 -Mark Twain, Pudd’nhead Wilson; -James, “The Death of the Lion”; “The Coxon Fund”; Theatricals; -Harriet Prescott Spofford, A Scarlet Poppy and Other Stories; -Kate Chopin, Bayou Folk; -Howells, A Traveler from Altruria; -Death of Constance Fenimore Woolson (b. 1840); -Edward Everett Hale, The Brick Moon of Other Stories; -Gertrude Atherton, Before the Gringo Came.

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1894 Claude Debussy, L’Après-midi d’un faune

1894 -(USA) workers’ strikes (the Pullman Strike); -Italy: risings known as the Sicilian Fasci. The fasci’s leaders are imprisoned. Suppression of the anarchist insurrection in Lunigiana; -(France) The conviction of Dreyfus for treason; president Sadi Carnot is stabbed by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio; -(Russia): Nicholas II takes the throne; - First Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895); -Africa: Gladstone’s government announces that Uganda is to become a British protectorate.

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-Hornung, The Boss of Taroomba; The Unbidden Guest; -birth of Aldous Huxley (d. 1963); -Kipling, Jungle Book; -E. L. Linton, The One Too Many (serialized in Lady’s Pictorial); -death of Henry Morley; -W. Morris, The Wood Beyond the World; “How I Became a Socialist”; Chants for Socialists; -death of Walter Pater; -W. Pater, “The Child in the House”; -death of Christina Rossetti; -The quarterly journal “The Yellow Book” launched; -W. Sharp, Vistas; -G. B. Shaw, Arms and the Man (publ. 1898); -Stevenson, The Ebbtide (co-written with Lloyd Osbourne); -A. C. Swinburne, Astrophel and Other

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1895 Begins school at Kaori village school.

Poems; Studies in Prose and Poetry; -H. G. Wells, "Æpyornis Island"; "A Deal in Ostriches"; "The Diamond Maker"; "The Final Men" (…; in this year Wells publishes lots of short stories); -Wilde, The Sphinx; -W. B. Yeats, The land of Heart’s Desire; -Wilde, The Sphinx. 1895 -Blackmore, Fringilla; Tales of the Telling House (America title: Slain by the Doones); -Braddon, Sons of Fire; -Buchanan, The Charlatan (novel, written with Henry Murray); Diana's Hunting; -Conrad, Almayer’s Folly; -M. Corelli, The Sorrows of Satan; -Ernest Dowson, Dilemmas; -G. Gissing, Eve's

1895 -Huysmans, En route; -Zola, Rome; -Louÿs, Les Chansons de Bilitis; -Jarry, César Antéchrist; - Émile Verhaeren, Les Villes tentaculaires; -Gide, Paludes; -The Picture of Dorian Gray translated into French (Portrait de Dorian Gray); -Paul Hervieu, Les Tenailles; -Georges de PortoRiche, Le Passé; -Tristan Bernard, Les

1895 -Death of Frederick Douglass (Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey); -James, “The Next Time”; “The Altar of the Dead”; Theatricals: Second Series; Guy Domville; -Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage; -Alice Brown, MeadowGrass: Tales of New England Life; -Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Violets and Other Tales; -Constance Fenimore

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Chekhov, The Seagull

1895 -Cuban rebellion; -Japan/China: treaty of Shimonoseki; -France: the Federation of Workers’ Council merges with the National Federation of Trade Unions, giving rise to the Confédération Générale du Travail; -Italy: general elections give Crispi a huge majority; -Ecuador: civil war.

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Ransom; Sleeping Fires; -Hardy, Jude the Obscure; -Hornung, The Cricket on the Green; -Kipling, The Second Jungle Book; -E. L. Linton, In Haste and At Leisure (3 vols); -George MacDonald, Lilith; -Meredith, The Amazing Marriage; -W. Morris, The Wood at the End of the World; (and A. J Wyatt) The Tale of Beowulf Done out of the Old English Tongue; “The Royal Tombs in Westminster Abbey”; “The Restoration of Rouen Cathedral”; -W. Pater (posth), Greek Studies: A Series of Essays; Miscellaneous Studies; -C. Patmore, The Rod, The Root and The Flower; -Fiona MacLeod

Pieds nickelés; -Georges Courteline, La Peur des coups; -Paul Valéry, Introduction à la méthode de Léonard de Vinci.

Woolson, The Front Yard and Other Italian Stories; -Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage; Black Riders; -Ina Coolbrith (Josephine Donna Smith), Songs from the Golden Gate; -Hamlin Garland, Rose of Dutcher's Coolly; -James Lane Allen, A Kentucky Cardinal; -Simon Pokagon, An Indian on the Problems of His Race.

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(William Sharp), The Mountain Lovers; -G. B. Shaw, Candida (publ. 1898); The Man of Destiny (publ. 1898); -Stevenson, Vailima Letters; The Amateur Emigrant (posth.); -J. A. Symonds, Blank Verse; -A. Symons, London Nights; -H. G. Wells, The Time Machine; The Wonderful Visit; "The Argonauts of the Air"; "A Catastrophe"; "The Cone"; "How Pingwell Was Routed"; "Le Mari Terrible" (…; in this year Wells publishes lots of short stories); Select Conversations With an Uncle (now extinct); The Stolen Bacillus and Other Incidents; -Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest; An Ideal Husband; -the trial of Oscar

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Wilde.

1896 -Max Beerbohm, The Works of Max Beerbohm; Caricatures of Twenty-Five Gentlemen; -Blackmore, Dariel; -Braddon, London Pride; -Buchanan, Is Barabbas a Necessity?; Effie Hetherington; A Marriage by Capture: a romance of to-day; -M. Coleridge, Fancy's Following; -Conrad, An Outcast of the Islands; “The Idiots”; -M. Corelli, The Murder of Delicia; The Mighty Atom; Cameos; -Doyle, Rodney Stone; -death of author and illustrator Georges du Maurier;

1896 -birth of A. Breton; -Alfred Jarry, Ubu Roi; -Louÿs, Aphrodite; -Hugo, Correspondance; -Schwob, La Croisade des enfants; -Proust, Les Plaisirs et les Jours; -Gourmont, Le Livre des masques; -Renard, Histoires naturelles; -Valéry, Une soirée avec Monsieur Teste.

1896 -Henry James, "The Figure in the Carpet"; The Other House; -birth of Francis Scott Fitzgerald (d. 1940); -Macmillan Co. founded; - Stephen Crane, George's Mother; The Little Regiment and Other Episodes of the American Civil War; -Sarah Orne Jewett, The Country of the Pointed Firs; -Harold Frederic, The Damnation of Theron Ware; -Abraham Cahan, Yekl; -Emily Dickinson, Poems: Third Series; -Paul Laurence Dunbar, Lyrics of Lowly Life; -James Lane Allen, 22

1896 -first use of X-rays to treat breast cancer; -(23 April) Koster and Bial's Music Hall in New York: first movie; -the first comic strip, “The Yellow Kid”, appears in New York World; -B. Russell, German Social Democracy; -Bergson, Matière et Mémoire; -death of William Morris. -La Bohème/The Bohemian Girl by the Italian composer Giacomo Puccini is first performed, in Turin, Italy -Alfred Nobel dies -Henri Becquerel

1896 -(USA) the Klondike rush begins; -(3 Nov, USA) Presidential election: Republican McKinley wins over William Jennings Bryan -Italy: Crispi resigns. Antonio di Rudini becomes minister of the interior. -Asia: Anglo-French agreement on the Siamese question. Independence of Siam. -Anti-Spanish revolt in the Philippines. -Cuba: anti-Spanish revolt. -Africa: defeat of Italy in Adwa. Italians recognise Ethiopian

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-F. Madox Ford, Ford Madox Brown: a Record of his Life and Works; - Sir William Schwenck Gilbert, The Grand Duke; or, The Statutory Duel; -G. Gissing, The Paying Guest; -Weedon Grossmith, A Woman with a History; -Hardy, "A CommitteeMan of 'The Terror'"; "The Duke's Reappearance"; -Hornung, The Rogue's March: A Romance; -Alfred Edward Housman, A Shropshire Lad; -death of Thomas Hughes; -Kipling, The Seven Seas and Soldier Tales; -E. L. Linton, Dulcie Everton (3 vols); “Twixt Cup and Lip," and Other Stories; -Massey, My Lyrical Life: Poems Old and New (new edition);

Summer in Arcady.

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discovers the phenomenon of natural radioactivity. -The first Olympic Games of the modern era are held in Athens. -English translation of Theodor Herzl’s Der Judenstaadt (The State of the Jews) appears. -The Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz publishes his novel Quo Vadis?.

independence. -France annexes Madagascar.

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-W. Morris, The Well at the World's End; The Sundering Flood (posthumously published); The Water of the Wondrous Isles (posthumously published); Old French Romances Done into English; Preface to The Nature of Gothic by Ruskin; -death of William Morris; -Oliphant, “The Library Window”; -W. Pater, (posth.; unfin), Gaston de Latour ; -death of Coventry Patmore; -Christina Rossetti, New Poems (posthumous); -“The Savoy” is published (only eight issues); -Stevenson, Weir of Hermiston (unfinished); Songs of Travel and Other Verses; -Elizabeth M. Sewell,

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Conversations Between Youth and Age; -Fiona MacLeod (W. Sharp), The Washer of the Ford and Other Legendary Moralities; -H. G. Wells, The Island of Doctor Moreau; The Wheels of Chance; "The Apple"; "In the Abyss"; "The Plattner Story”; "The Purple Pileus" (…; in this year Wells publishes several short stories); The Red Room;

1897 -George Francis Armstrong, QueenEmpress and Empire, 1837-1897; -M. Beerbohm, The Happy Hypocrite; -Braddon, Under Love's Rule; - Rands (Matthew Browne), Lilliput Lectures (publ. Posthumously); Lazy Lessons & Essays on Conduct;

1897 -birth of Louis Aragon; -Rostand, Cyrano de Bergerac; -Péguy, Jeanne d’Arc; -Renard, Le Plaisir de rompre; -Jarry, les Jours et les Nuits; -Barrès, Les Déracinés; -Loti, Ramuntcho; -Gide, Les Nourritures terrestres; -Mallarmé, Divagations; Un coup de dés jamais

1897 -Edith Wharton publishes Decoration of Houses, with Ogden Codman; -Edwin Arlington Robinson, Children of the Night; -Simon Pogagon, “The Future of the Red Man”; -Mary Hartwell Catherwood, The Spirit of an Illinois Town and The Little Renault; -Ellen Glasgow, The 25

1897 -B. Russell, An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry;

1897 -(April) A revolt breaks out in Crete; (December)The Peace of Costantinople -Russification in Poland and Baltic countries; Anti-Semitic measures in Russia -Asia: Germany annexes Qingdao. -South America: civil war in Uruguay. End of the War of Canudos

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-Buchanan, The Ballad of Mary the Mother: a Christmas carol (and other poems); -Butler, The Authoress of the Odyssey; -Mary Coleridge, The King with Two Faces; Fancy's Guerdon; -Conrad, The Nigger of the “Narcissus”; “The Lagoon” (in Cornhill Magazine); “An Outpost of Progress” (published in Cosmopolis); -M. Corelli, Ziska; -Doyle, Uncle Bernac; -G. du Maurier, The Martian; -Marianne Farningham, In Evening Lights; -G. Gissing, The Whirlpool; “Human Odds and Ends”; -Hardy, The WellBeloved (first published in 1892); "The Grave by the Handpost"; -Hornung, Dead Men Tell No Tales; -Kipling, Captains

n’abolira le hazard; -Paul Hervieu, La Loi de l’Homme; -Courteline, Monsieur Badin; Une lettre chargée; La Voiture versée.

Descendant; -Kate Chopin, A Night in Arcadie; -Henry James, What Maisie Knew; The Spoils of Poynton; -Ruth McEnery Stuart, In Simpkinsville: Character Tales; -Richard Harding Davis, Soldiers of Fortune; -death of Harriet Jacobs; -birth of William Faulkner (d. 1962)

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near Bahia, Brazil. -Africa: Treaty between France and Ethiopia.

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Courageous; -G. MacDonald, Salted with Fire; -death of Margaret Oliphant; -Pater (posth.), Essays from “ The Guardian”; -G. B. Shaw, You Never Can Tell (publ. 1898); The Devil’s Disciple (publ. 1901); -Stevenson, St. Ives: being the Adventures of a French prisoner in England (unfinished); -Bram Stoker, Dracula; -A. Symons, Amoris Victima; -“The Yellow Book” ceases publication; -H. G. Wells, The Invisible Man; “The Crystal Egg”; “Le Mari Terrible”; “The Ghost of Fear”; "The Lost Inheritance"; “A Story of the Stone Age”; “The Star” (…; in this year Wells publishes several short stories); The Plattner Story and

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Others; Thirty Strange Stories;

1898 Attends Wellington Girls’ High School. Publishes first work in High School Reporter.

1898 -Annie Besant, The Ancient Wisdom; -Braddon, In High Places; Rough Justice; -Buchanan, Father Anthony: a romance of to-day; The Rev. Annabel Lee: a tale of to-morrow; -Samuel Butler translates the Iliad; -Conrad, Tales of Unrest; -M. Corelli, The Song of Miriam and Other Stories (Repackage of Cameos); The Modern Marriage Market (with others); -Doyle, The Tragedy of The Korosko; -Marianne Farningham, A Window in Paris; -G. Gissing, The Town Traveller; Charles Dickens: A Critical Study;

1898 -Zola’s article, “J’accuse” is published (“L’Aurore”, January, 13); -Zola, Paris(1897?); -Louÿs, La Femme et le pantin; -Margueritte, Une Époque; -Mirbeau, Le Jardin des supplices; -Nietzsche’ s main works are translated into French (Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra; Au delà du bien et du mal); -Courteline, Les Boulingrin;

1898 -Gertrude Atherton, The Californians; -Finley Peter Dunne, Mr. Dooley in Peace and in War; -Henry James, “The Turn of the Screw”; “In the Cage”; -Stephen Crane, The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure; -Brander Matthews, Outlines in Local Color; -Abraham Cahan, The Imported Bridegroom and Other Stories; -Frank Norris, Moran of the “Lady Letty”; -death of Edward Bellamy (b. 1850); -death of Harold Frederic (b. 1856) -“Yellow Journalism”

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1898 -Alfred North Whitehead, A Treatise on Universal Algebra with Applications; -death of Edward Burne-Jones.

1898 -explosion and sinking of the American battleship Maine (Havana); -The US annexes Hawaii; -Spanish-American war; -Italy: Bava-Beccaris massacre. -France: Zola publishes “J’Accuse” -Norway: Universal Manhood suffrage is introduced. -Russia: The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party is formed -China "Hundred Days" ends short period of liberal reform and execution of the reformer Tan Ssu-tung; the British annex the Wei-hai region in Shantung; the Russians

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-Hardy, Wessex Poems and Other Verses; -Hornung, Some Persons Unknown; Young Blood; -Kipling, An Almanac of Twelve Sports,The Day's Work and A Fleet in Being; -death of Eliza Lynn Linton; -Meredith, Odes in Contribution to the Song of French History appear in Cosmopolis; -G. B. Shaw, Plays Pleasant; Plays Unpleasant ; Caesar and Cleopatra (publ. 1901); The Perfect Wagnerite, Commentary on the Ring; -A. Symons, translation of The Dawn (by Emile Verhaeren); -H. G. Wells, The War of the Worlds; “The Man Who Could Work Miracles”; “Mr Leadbetter’s Vacation”; “The Stolen Body” (…); -Wilde, The Ballad of

annex Lu-shan in Liaotung. -South-America. End of the Spanish-American War: Treaty of Paris (Spain cedes Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and also the Philippines hich is yet to be conquered) for $20 million. -The USA, Britain, and Germany sign the Samoan Partition Treaty. -America’s annexation of Hawaii. -Africa: The Fashoda Incident brings France and the United Kingdom to the verge of war

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1899 Transfers to Miss Swainson’s school where she meets Maori princess Maata Mahupuku, later remembered in novel fragment, “Maata.” KM described by teacher as “surly” and “imaginative to the point of untruth.”

Reading Gaol; 1899 -M. Beerbohm, More; -Braddon, His Darling Sin; -William Brighty Rands (Matthew Browne), Lilliput Lyrics (publ. posthumously); -Buchanan, The New Rome; poems and ballads of our empire; -Butler, Shakespeare’s Sonnets Reconsidered; -Conrad, Heart Of Darkness (it appears serially in Blackwood’s Magazine); -G. Gissing, The Crown of Life; -Hornung, The Amateur Cracksman; -Kipling, Stalky and Co. and From Sea to Sea; -E. L. Linton (post.), My Literary Life; -Oliphant, The Autobiography and Letters of Mrs M. O. W. Oliphant; -G. B. Shaw, Captain

1899 -Zola, Fécondité; -Gourmont, Esthétique de la langue française; -Feydeau, La Dame de chez Maxim; -Gide, Le Prométhée mal enchaîné; -Vogüé, Les Morts qui parlent; -Courteline, Le gendarme est sans pitié; - Émile Verhaeren, Les Visages de la vie; -Tristan Bernard, L’anglais tel qu’on le parle; -Moréas, Les Stances.

1899 -Edith Wharton publishes first stories, Greater Inclination; -birth of Hemingway (d. 1961); -Charles W. Chesnutt (African-American author), The Conjure Woman and The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line; -S. Crane, The Monster and War is Kind; -birth of Hart Crane; -Kate Chopin, The Awakening; -Alice-Dunbar Nelson, The Goodness of St. Rocque and Other Stories; -Alice Brown, Tiverton Tales; -Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wall-paper; -James, The Awkward Age; “Europe”; “Paste”; -Frank Norris, McTeague; Blix;

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1899 -G. E. Moore, The Nature of Judgement.

1899 -France: Emile Loubet is elected president of France -China: Boxer rebellion begins; John Hay proclaims "Open Door Policy" -South Africa: civil war in Bolivia and Venezuela. Colombia: The Thousand Days War. -Africa: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (shared administration of Sudan till 1956). Beginning of the Anglo Boer War begins

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Brassbound’s Conversion (publ. 1901); -A. Symons, Images of Good and Evil; The Symbolist Movement in Literature; translation of Boule de Suif (by Maupassant); -H. G. Wells, When the Sleeper Awakes; "Mr Brisher's Treasure”; “A Vision of Judgement”; A Cure For Love; Tales of Space and Time; -Yeats and Lady Gregory cooperate in the foundation of the Irish Literary Theatre; The Wind among the Reeds.

-Harriet Prescott Spofford, The Nemesis of Motherhood.

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1900 -death of Oscar Wilde, Ernest Dowson and John Ruskin; -Braddon, The Infidel; -W. B. Rands (Matthew Browne), Lilliput Revels & Innocent's Island (publ. posthumously); -Buchanan, Andromeda: an idyll of the Great River; -S. Butler translates the Odyssey; -G. K. Chesterton, Greybeards at Play; The Wild Knight and Other Poems; -Conrad, Lord Jim; -M. Corelli, Jane; Boy; The Master Christian; -Ernest Dowson, The Poems of Ernest Dowson (publ. posthumously); -Doyle, The Great Boer War; -Ford Madox Ford, Poems for Pictures; The Cinque Ports;

1900 -birth of Robert Desnos, Antoine de SaintExupéry; Julien Green; -(Willy and) Colette, Claudine à l’école; -Courteline, Les commissaire est bon enfant; L’Article 330; -Claudel, Connaissance de l’Est; -Mirbeau, Le Journal d’une femme de chambre; -Jarry, Ubu enchaîné; -Bergson, Le rire; -Darmesteter, Hatzfeld and Thomas, Dictionnaire général de la langue française; -Rostand, L’Aiglon; -Eugène Brieux, La Robe rouge.

1900 -Stephen Crane dies in Germany; -Zitkala-Sa, Impressions of an Indian Childhood, The School Days of an Indian Girl, and An Indian Teacher among Indians; -Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars; -Mark Twain, "The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg"; -Theodore Roosevelt, The Strenuous Age; -Smart Set; -Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie; -James, “The Great Good Place”; “Mrs. Medwin”.

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1900 -Russell, A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz; -Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams -Matisse begins “Fauvist” movement

1900 -Italy: assassination of King Umberto I. Victor Emmanuel III ascends the throne. Russia: The Socialist -Revolutionary Party. -China: the Boxers occupy Peking and besiege the foreign embassies. -Africa: British occupation of Pretoria. The Boers engage a protracted guerrilla warfare against the British forces

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-W. E. Henley, For England’s Sake; -Hardy, "A Changed Man"; "Enter a Dragoon"; -Hornung, The Belle of Toorak; Peccavi; -Kipling, The Kipling Reader -E. L. Linton (post.), The Second Youth of Theodora Desanges (introduction by G. S. Layard); -H. G. Wells, Love and Mr Lewisham;

1901 -George Francis Armstrong, Ballads of Down; -Arthur Christopher Benson, poems set to music by Edward Elgar: “In the Dawn”, “Speak, Music”, “Speak, My Heart!” and the “Coronation Ode”

1901 -birth of André Malraux; -First Nobel Prize for Literature, awarded to Sully Prudhomme; -Courteline, Les Balances; -Zola, Travail; -Brieux, Les Remplaçantes; -France, L’Affaire

1901 -Frank Norris, The Octopus; -Charles W. Chesnutt, The Marrow of Tradition; -James, The Sacred Fount.

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1901 -first broadcast of a human voice via radio; -Maurras, Anthinéas

1901 -Italy: Zanardelli becomes prime minister. -Great Britain: death of Queen Victoria; she is succeeded by her eldest son Edward VII (son of Victoria; Saxe-Coburg and Gotha). The British

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including “Land of Hope and Glory” (1901-1902); -Annie Besant, Thought Forms; -Buchanan, The Complete Poetical Works of Robert Buchanan; -death of Buchanan; -G. K. Chesterton, The Defendant; -M. Coleridge, The Fiery Dawn; -Conrad (with Ford Madox Ford), The Inheritors; “Amy Foster”; -M. Corelli, The Passing of A Great Queen; -Marianne Farningham, (pseudo. Eva Hope), Life of General Gordon; -Weedon Grossmith, The Night of the Party; -George Grossmith, Piano and I: Further Reminiscences; -G. Gissing, Our Friend the Charlatan; -Hardy, Poems of the Past and Present;

Crainquebille; Monsieur Bergeret á Paris; -Margueritte, Une Époque (continuation); -Louÿs, Les Aventures du roi Pausole; -Anna de Noailles, Le Cœur innombrable; -Charles-Louis Philippe, Bubu de Montparnasse; -Hervieu, la Course du flambeau.

House of Lords rules on the ‘Taff Vale Case’, weakening the position of trade unions. -China: The Boxer Protocol of September 7, 1901 ended the uprising. -US: assassination of President William McKinley. Roosevelt is the new president. -Africa: anti-British guerrilla

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-Hornung, The Black Mask; -Kipling, Kim and War's Brighter Side; -Meredith, A Reading of Life, with Other Poems; -G. B. Shaw, Three Plays for Puritans; The Admirable Bashville (publ. 1909); -H. G. Wells, The First Man in the Moon; "A Dream of Armageddon"; "Filmer"; "Mr Skelmersdale in Fairyland"; "The New Accelerator".

1902 Frequents the musical Trowell family. Falls in love with Tom (Arnold) Trowell, cellist, whom she calls “Caesar.” Dreams of pursuing a musical career.

1902 -death of Samuel Butler; -G. K. Chesterton, Thomas Carlyle; Twelve Types; -publication of Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad; "The End of the Tether"; "To-morrow"; Youth, a Narrative and Two Other Stories; -M. Corelli, Temporal Power; A Christmas

1902 -Gide, L’Immoraliste; -Rolland, Le 14 Juillet; -Cahrles Péguy, De Jean Coste; -Jarry, Le Surmâle; -Ghil, Les Pantoun des Pantoun; -Péladan, Modestie et Vanité; - Frères Tharaud, Dingley, l’illustre écrivain;

1902 -Edith Wharton publishes first novel, Valley of Indecision; -Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities; -Henry James, The Wings of the Dove; -Ellen Glasgow, The Battle-Ground; -Owen Wister, The Virginian; -Frank Norris dies;

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1902 -Macedonia: rebellions against the Ottoman Empire -UK: Robert Cecil, Lord Salisbury, retires as British prime minister, and is succeeded by his nephew Arthur Balfour. Britain signs a treaty with Japan to safeguard

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1903 January, 29 The Beauchamps sail to England on the S.S

Greeting; -Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles; -F. Madox Ford, Rossetti; -G. Gissing, The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft; -Hardy, The Dynasts; -Hornung, The Shadow of the Rope; -Kipling, Just So Stories; -A. Symons, Poems (2 vols.); translation of Francesca da Rimini (by D’Annunzio); -H. G. Wells, The Sea Lady; The Inexperienced Ghost" (aka "The Story of the Inexperienced Ghost"); The Loyalty of Esau Common"; -William Butler Yeats, “Adam’s Curse”.

- Émile Verhaeren, Les Forces tumultueuses; -Jarry, Le Surmâle.

-Susie King Taylor, Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33d United States Colored Troops Late 1st S. C. Volunteers; -birth of Steinbeck (d. 1968).

1903 -A. C. Benson, The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories; -Braddon, The Conflict;

1903 -birth of Radiguet and Simenon; -Zola, Vérité (posthumous);

1903 -William Edward Burghardt DuBois, The Souls of Black Folk; “The Talented Tenth”; 36

their common interests in Korea and China. -Australia: white women over the age of twenty-one win the right to vote. -US: Roosevelt withdraws federal troops from Cuba (Platt Amendment). The US Congress passes the Philippines Government Act, making the Philippines a US territory. -Africa: the Boers accept British sovereignty (Treaty of Vereeniging)

1903 -Arnold Schoenberg, Pelléas et Mélisande; -G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica; Review of Frenz

1903 -Emmeline Pankhurst founds the Women’s Social and Political Union;

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Niwaru. The trip lasts forty-two days.

1903-JUNE 1906 Enrolls with sisters Vera and Chaddie at Queen’s College, Harley Street to be “finished.” Develops friendship with Ida Constance Baker. Adopts the name “Katherine Mansfield,” while Ida becomes “Lesley Moore”. Meets first literary mentor, Walter Rippmann, German teacher. Discovers the work of Oscar Wilde. Publishes five stories in school magazine and becomes its editor. Completes studies at Queen’s College in June. Works on novel

-G. K. Chesterton, Robert Browning; Tennyson; Thackeray; Leo Tolstoy; Varied Types; -Conrad, (with Ford Madox Ford), Romance; Typhoon and Other Stories; -Doyle, The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard; -Bertram Dobell, Rosemary and Pansies; -Marianne Farningham, Harvest Gleanings and Gathered Fragments; -Hornung, Raffles, The Amateur Cracksman; -Kipling, The Five Nations; -birth of George Orwell (d. 1950); - G. B. Shaw, Man and Superman (publ. 1903); Maxims for Revolutionists; -A. Symons, Cities; Plays, Acting and Music; -John Millington Synge, In the Shadow of the Glen;

-Eugène Torquet (pen name: John Antoine Nau), Force Ennemie (1st Goncourt prize); -Paul Léautaud, Le petit Ami; -Mirbeau, Les Affaires sont les affaires; -Renée Vivien, Évocations; -Courteline, La Paix chez soi; -Paul Hervieu, Le Dédale; -Charles-Louis Philippe, Le père Perdrix; -Camille Mauclair, La Ville Lumière.

-Henry James, The Ambassadors; “The Birthplace”; “The Beast in the Jungle”; -Jack London, The Call of the Wild; -Mary Austin, The Land of Little Rain; -Frank Norris, The Pit; The Responsibilities of the Novelist

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Brentano’s The Origin of the Knowledge of Right and Wrong; The Refutation of Idealism; -B. Russell, The Principles of Mathematics;

-Russia: pogroms in Gomel and Kishinev. The Russian Social Democratic Party splits into the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks. -Italy: Giolitti becomes Prime Minister. Pope Pius X succeeds Pope Leo XIII. -South America: with US encouragement, Panama proclaims its independence from Colombia, concluding the Hay/Bunau-Varilla Treaty, negotiating the terms for the building of a Panama Canal. -Africa: British forces complete the conquest of northern Nigeria.

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fragment “Juliet”. KM’s period at Queen’s College is recorded in Ida Baker’s memoirs, The Memories of LM.

-H. G. Wells, “The Land Ironclads”; "Mr. Skelmersdale in Fairyland"; "The Magic Shop"; "The Magic Shop"; "The Valley of the Spiders"; Twelve Stories and a Dream; -publication of In the Seven Woods by Yeats.

1904 -birth of Cecil-Day Lewis; -M. Beerbohm, The Poets’ Corner; -A. C. Benson, The Isles of Sunset; -Braddon, A Lost Eden; -Gilbert Keith Chesterton, The Napoleon of Notting Hill; G. F. Watts; -M. Coleridge, The Shadow on the Wall; -Conrad, Nostromo; -M. Corelli, God's Good Man; The Strange Visitation of Josiah McNason;

1904 -Moréas, Iphigénie; -Gourmont, Promenades littéraires; -Leroux, La double vie de Théophraste Longuet; -Henry Bataille, Maman Colibri; -Romain Rolland, JeanChristophe (first, second and third volume of the series); -Léon Frapié, La Maternelle (Goncourt prize); -Myriam Harry, La conquête de Jérusalem; -Charles-Louis Philippe,

1904 -Henry James, The Golden Bowl; -Jack London, The SeaWolf; -Robert Herrick, The Common Lot; -death of Kate Chopin.

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1904 - Quatuor à cordes en ré mineur d'Arnold Schoenberg

1904 -France and UK sign the “Entente Cordiale”, agreements concerning colonial expansion (ex. Egypt and Morocco); -Russia: Russo-Japanese war to gain control of Manchuria and Korea; -Australia: John Christian Watson becomes the world’s first Labour Prime Minister; -US: presidential election, President Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) defeats Alton B Parker

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-Doyle, The Return of Sherlock Holmes; -Marianne Farningham, Women and their Saviour; -G. Gissing, Veranilda; -Hardy, The Dynasts, Part 1; -Hornung, Denis Dent: A Novel; -Joyce starts writing Stephen Hero (published in 1944).; -birth of Patrick Kavanagh; -Kipling, Traffics and Discoveries; -G. B. Shaw, John Bull’s Other Island (publ. 1907); How He Lied to Her Husband (publ. 1907); -A. Symons, Studies in Prose and Verse; -John Millington Synge, Riders to the Sea; -H. G. Wells, The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth; “The Country of the Blind”.

Marie Donadieu; -Guillaumin, La Vie d’un simple; -Marius and Ary Le Blond, La Sarabande; -Claude Farrère, Fumée d’opium; -Nobel Prize for Literature, Frédéric Mistral; -Jules Romains, L’Âme des hommes

(Democrat).

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1905 -Bloomsbury Group; -Braddon, The Rose of Life; -G. K. Chesterton, Heretics; The Club of Queer Trades; -M. Corelli, Free Opinions; -Lord Dunsany, Gods of Pegana; -Ford Madox Ford, The Benefactor; The Soul of London; Hans Holbein the Younger; -Edward Morgan Forster, Where Angels Fear to Tread; -G. Gissing, Will Warburton; -Hornung, A Thief in the Night; Stingaree; -G. B. Shaw, Major Barbara (publ. 1907); -A. Symons, A Book of Twenty Songs; Spiritual Adventures; Aubrey Beardsley; -J. M. Synge, The Well of

1905 -Ohnet, La Conquérante; -Moréas, Les Stances; -Courteline, La conversion d’Alceste; -Claude Farrère, Les Civilisés (Gouncourt prize); -Romain Rolland, Jean Christophe (fourth volume of the series); -Marius and Ary Le Blond, Les Sortilèges; -Jules Huret, De San Francisco au Canada; -André Chevrillon, Sanctuaires et Paysages d’Asie; -France, Monsieur Bergeret á Paris; -Henry Bataille, La Marche nuptial; -Claudel, Poèmes de la Sexagésime; -Péguy, Notre Patrie.

1905 -William Dean Howells, “Editha”; -Charles W. Chesnutt, The Colonel’s Dream; -Robert Herrick, The Memoirs of an American Citizen; -Edith Wharton, House of Myrth; -James, English Hours;

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1905 -G. E. Moore, The Nature and Reality of the Objects of Perceptions; -B. Russell, On Denoting;

1905 -Ireland: the “Sinn Fein” is founded; -Russia: Russian Revolution. -France: law on the separation of the Churches and the State. -UK: Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman forms a Liberal ministry in Great Britain with Robert Asquith as chancellor of the Exchequer, Richard Haldane as war secretary and Sir Edward Grey as foreign secretary. -Japan: the Treaty of Portsmouth ends the 1904-1905 RussoJapanese War. -China: Sun Yat-sen organizes anti-Manchu revolutionary movement and founds the Tang-meng-hui (United League).

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the Saints; -H. G. Wells, Kipps; “The Empire of the Ants”;

1906 -Braddon, The White House; -G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens: A Critical Study; -Conrad, "The Brute"; "The Informer"; "An Anarchist"; "Gaspar Ruiz" (Strand Magazine); -M. Corelli, The Treasure of Heaven; -Doyle, Sir Nigel; -Lord Dunsany, Time and the Gods; -Marianne Farningham, Women and their Work;

-US: the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is founded in Chicago. -Africa: the visit of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany to Tangier, Morocco, sets off the “First Moroccan Crisis” between France and Germany.

1906 -Valéry, La Soirée avec Monsieur Teste; -Claudel, Le partage de midi; - Jérôme et Jean Tharaud, Dingley, l’illustre écrivain is awarded the Goncourt prize. -Mlle Husson (pen name: André Corthis), Gemmes et Moires; -Charles-Louis Philippe, Croquignolle; -Jehan Rictus, Fil de fer; -Jane Landre, La Gargouille;

1906 -Death of Paul Laurence Dunbar (b. 1872); -Jack London, White Fang; -Mark Twain, What is Man?; -Upton Sinclair, The Jungle; -Muckraking articles: Ray Stannard Baker, The Railroads on Trial; David Graham Phillips, The Treason of the Senate.

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1906 -Britain: the Liberals win a huge victory. They launch a programme to help the poor and the elderly. The British government passes legislation to provide children with free meals at school: School Meals Act. The British Trade Disputes Act reverses the Taff Vale judgement of 1901. -France: Dreyfus is

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-Ford Madox Ford, The Nature of a Crime (with J. Conrad); The Fifth Queen; The Heart of the Country; -G. Gissing, “The House of Cobwebs”; -Hardy, The Dynasts, Part 2; -Henry Irving, Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving (publ. by B. Stoker); -Kipling, Puck of Pook's Hill; -G. B. Shaw, The Doctor’s Dilemma (publ. 1911); -A. Symons, The Fool of the World; Studies in the Seven Arts; -H. G. Wells, In the Days of the Comet; "The Door in the Wall".

-Henry Bernstein, La Griffe; Le Voleur; -Pierre Villetard, La Montagne d’amour; -Jean Bouvier, Les Abandonnées; -Jarry, Ubu sur la Butte; -Lucien Rolmer, L’Hôtel de Sainte Agnès et des Célibataires; -André Suarès, Voici l’homme; -Gaston Chéreau, Champi-Tortu; - Émile Verhaeren, La Multiple splendeur.

rehabilitated. Clément Fallières, the candidate of the Left, is elected president of France -Russia: reformer Peter Stolypin becomes prime minister and introduces agrarian reforms -Italy: Giovanni Giolitti’s coalition ministry deals with strikes and unrest in southern Italy -Cuba: liberal revolt against President Palma. -Germany, France: a conference is convened in Algeciras (Spain) to solve the first Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany. -South Africa: Transvaal and Orange River Colony are granted selfgovernment by Britain.

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DECEMBER 1906 – JUNE 1908 Returns with sisters to New Zealand but cannot adjust. Friendship with Edie Bendall recorded in diary. Publishes three stories “Vignettes,” “Silhouettes,” and “ In a Café” in Australian newspaper, Native Companion. Takes a camping trip to visit the hinterland of New Zealand at the insistence of her father. Writes “The Education of Audrey,” heavily influenced by Oscar Wilde. JULY 6, 1908 Leaves New Zealand for

1907 -William Allingham, A Diary; -birth of Wystan Hugh Auden; -M. Beerbohm, A Book of Caricatures; -Braddon, Dead Love Has Chains; Her Convict; -W. B. Rands (Matthew Browne), The Young Norseman (publ. posthumously); -G. K. Chesterton, The Man Who Was Thursday1908 -death of Mary Coleridge; -Conrad, The Secret Agent; “The Black Mate”; -W. H. Davies, New Poems; -Doyle, Through the Magic Door; -Marianne Farningham, A Working Woman's Life; -Ford Madox Ford, An

1907 -Georges Courteline, Conversion d’Alceste; -Leblanc, Lupin, gentleman cambrioleur; -Claudel, Processional pour saluer le siècle nouveau; -Leroux, Le Mystère de la chambre jaune; -Zévaco, Les Pardaillans; -Claudel, Art poétique; -Ségalen, Les Immémoriaux; -Saint-Pol Roux, Fééries intérieures; -Sardou, Madame SansGêne; -Émile Moselly, Jean des brébis, ou Le Livre de la Misère; Terres Lorraines (Goncourt prize); -Colette Yver, Princesses de science; -Tristan Bernard, Monsieur Codomat; -Jean Vignaud, Terre ensorcelée. -birth of Maurice

1907 -Edith Wharton settles in Paris; -Edith Wharton, The Fruit of the Tree; -Henry James, The American Scene; -1907-09, New York Edition of James's work; -Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (privately printed).

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1907 -Picasso, ‘Les Demoiselles d’Avignon’; -Cubist exhibition in Paris; -Bergson, L’Évolution créatrice.

1907 -Britain: Schools Medical Inspection Act Hague Convention (Second Peace Conference) -Norway: female suffrage -Austria-Hungary: a bill extends suffrage to all males aged 24 -Sweden: proportional representation for elections to both chambers of its parliament. Gustavus V becomes king -New Zealand: by proclamation of King Edward VII, New Zealand assumes complete selfgovernment as the Dominion of New Zealand (26 September)

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England aboard the Papanui never to return.

SUMMER 1908 Resides at student hostel, Beauchamp Lodge, near the canal at Paddington. Receives from family a weekly allowance of forty shillings: thirty for the rent and ten for the rest. AUTUMN - WINTER 1908 Reconnects with the Trowell family now in London. Transfers her feelings to Tom’s twin brother, Garnet, a violinist. Becomes pregnant by Garnet.

English Girl: a Romance; Privy Seal: his Last Venture; The Spirit of the People; The PreRaphaelite Brotherhood: a Critical Monograph; -Forster, The Longest Journey; -James Joyce, Chamber Music; he writes Giacomo Joyce; -Kipling, Collected Verse; -Desmond MacCarthy, The Court Theatre; -birth of Louis MacNeice; -Ezra Pound settles in Europe; - Elizabeth Missing Sewell, The Autobiography of Elizabeth M. Sewell. Edited by Her Niece, Eleanor L. Sewell; -G. B. Shaw, The Interlude at the Playhouse (publ. 1907); -B. Stoker, “The Censorship of Fiction”;

Blanchot, René Char, Eugène Guillevic, Rémi Georges Hergé, Jules Roy, Roger Vailland; -death of Hector Malot, Sully-Prudhomme, JorisKarl Huysmans, Alfred Jarry; -Péguy, Situations (1907–1908).

-Asia: Britain and Russia establish zones of influence on Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet. -Korea becomes a Japanese protectorate. -Central America: war breaks out between Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador

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“The Censorship of Stage Plays” ( in The Nineteenth Century); -A. Symons, Cities of Italy; William Blake; -J. M. Synge, The Playboy of the Western World; The Aran Islands;

1908 -Braddon, During Her Majesty's Pleasure; -G. K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy; All Things Considered; -Mary Coleridge, Poems Published posthumously (ed. Henry Newbolt); -Conrad, "Il Conde"; "The Duel"; A Set of Six (US: 1915); -M. Corelli, Holy Orders; The Kybalion (anonymously with others); -W. H. Davies, Nature Poems; The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp; How It Feels to be Out of Work; -Lord Dunsany, The

1908 - Leblanc, Arsène Lupin contre Herlock Sholmès -Anatole France, L'Ile des pingouins; -Leroux, Le Parfum de la dame en noir; -Romains, La Vie unanime; -Cros, Le Collier de griffes; -Forton, Les Pieds nickelés (bande dessinée), -François Durand (pen name: Miomandre), Écrit sur de l'eau; -Édouard Estaunié, La Vie secrète; -Amédée Rouquès, Le jeune Rouvre; -Henri Barbusse,

1908 -Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, The Shoulders of Atlas; -Jack London, The Iron Heel; -James, The Whole Family (collaborative novel); “The Jolly Corner”;

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1908 -Portugal: King Carlos I is assassinated -Bulgaria: Bulgaria is declared independent from the Ottoman Empire -Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina -Belgium: King Leopold II takes the Congo for Belgium (Belgian Congo). -Italy: an earthquake hits the region of the Strait of Messina -UK: the Coal Mines Regulation Act gives the miners an eight-hour

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Sword of Welleran and Other Tales of Enchantment; -Marianne Farningham, Lyrics of the Soul; -Ford Madox Ford, The Fifth Queen Crowned: a Romance; Mr.Apollo: a Just Possible Story; -F. Madox Ford launches “The English Review”; -Forster, A Room with a View; -Hardy, The Dynasts, Part 3; -Ezra Pound, A Lume Spento; A Quinzaine for this Yule; -G. B. Shaw, Getting Married (publ. 1911); -A. Symons, London: A Book of Aspects; translation of Elektra (by Hofmannstahl); -J. M. Synge, The Tinker's Wedding (publ.); -H. G. Wells, The War in the Air.

L’Enfer; -Jean Viollis, Monsieur le Principal; -Maeterlinck, L’Oiseau bleu; -Tristan Bernard, L’Étrangleuse; Les Jumeaux de Brighton.

day. The Liberals introduce Old Age Pensions. Children’s Act -Germany: Wilhelm II gives the Daily Telegraph an interview containing statements against the British people (and the French, Russians and Japanese) -Ottoman Empire: revolt of the Young Turk nationalists in Macedonia. Sultan Abdul Hamid II restores the Ottoman constitution -Persia: Shah Mohammed Ali overthrows the Persian constitution of December 1906 -US: the Republican William Howard Taft wins the US presidential election, defeating the Democrat William

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Jennings Bryan

JANUARY 1909 Publishes “The Education of Audrey” in the Evening Post. Begins to find a mature voice with her story “The Tiredness of Rosabel” . MARCH 2, 1909 Marries George Bowden, singing and elocution teacher, ten years her senior, at the Paddington Registry Office. Wears black to her wedding with Ida as

1909 -M. Beerbohm, Yet Again; -Braddon, Our Adversary; -G. K. Chesterton, George Bernard Shaw; Tremendous Trifles; The Ball and the Cross; -W. H. Davies, Beggars; -Marianne Farningham, Songs of Joy and Faith -Ford Madox Ford, The 'Half Moon': A Romance of the Old War and the New; -Hardy, Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses; -Hornung, Mr. Justice Raffles;

1909 -Gide, La Porte étroite; -Colette, L’Ingénue libertine; -Feydeau, La Puce à l’oreille; -Zévaco, L’Hôtel SaintPol; -Courteline, La Cruche; -Farrère, La Bataille; -Mauriac, Les Mains jointes; -Georges Athenas and Aimé Merlo (pen names: Marius and Ary Le Blond), En France (Goncourt prize); -Edmond Jaloux, Le Reste est silence; -François Mauriac, Les Mains jointes;

1909 -Gertrude Stein, Three Lives; -William Carlos Williams, Poems; -James, Italian Hours.

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1909 -Matisse, “The Dance” -Diaghilev’s Russian ballet in Paris; -Filippo Tommaso Marinetti’s Manifesto appears in Le Figaro;

1909 - Belgium: after the death of Leopold II, Albert I succeeds to the Belgian throne. -Italy: Baron Sidney Sonnino becomes prime minister. -UK: the suffragette Marion Wallace Dunlop is the first hunger striker in Britain. Oldage and noncontributory pensions are paid out by the government. David Lloyd George, chancellor of the

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only witness. Leaves Bowden immediately afterwards. Bowden later caricatured in “Mr. Reginald Peacock’s Day” Nine years pass before their divorce.

MAY 1909 Disapproving of KM’s attachment to Ida, Annie Beauchamp takes her daughter to Bad Worishofen, Bavaria and leaves her there, probably unaware that she is pregnant. Experiences here provide material for her first collection In a German Pension.

-Kipling, Actions and Reactions; -death of Meredith; -Ezra Pound, Personae; Exultations; -G. B. Shaw, The Glimpse of Reality(publ. 1926); Press Cuttings (publ. 1909); The Fascinating Foundling (publ. 1926); The Glimpse of Reality A Tragedietta (publ. 1926); How to Write a Popular Play; -birth of Stephen Spender; -death of A. C. Swinburne; -A. Symons, The Romantic Movement in English Poetry; -death of John Synge; -H. G. Wells, TonoBungay; Ann Veronica; "The Beautiful Suit" (aka "A Moonlight Fable");

-Victor Cyril, Une Main sur la nuque; -Gilbert de Voisins, Le Bar de la Fourche; -Jean Giraudoux, Provinciales; -Émile Nolly, Hien, le Maboul; -Charles Pettit, Pétales de rose et quelques Bonzes; -Jean Vignaud, La Passion de Claude Bernier; -Jules Romains, Odes et Prières (1909-1913); -Cocteau, La Lampe d'Aladin.

Exchequer, proposes taxes on profits and lands, but this “People’s Budget” is rejected by the House of Lords. -Ottoman Empire: the Turkish nationalists take control of the Ottoman Parliament: this event is followed by a counterrevolution. The Young Turks depose Abdul Hamid II, who is succeeded by Mohammed V.

LATE JUNE 1909(?) Has a miscarriage. 48

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SUMMER 1909 Romantic involvement with Floryan Sobieniowski, Polish critic and translator through whom she discovers Chekhov and new Russian literature. Writes “The Child Who Was Tired” borrowing a plot from Chekhov. May have contracted gonorrhea from Floryan with whom she plans to run away to Paris. JANUARY 1910 Returns to London, residing at the Strand Palace Hotel. Floryan eagerly awaits her in Paris, but she ends their affair. LATE WINTER 1910 Lives briefly with

1910 -Braddon, Beyond These Voices; -G. K. Chesterton, What's Wrong With the World; Alarms and Discursions; William Blake; Five Types; -Conrad, “The Secret Sharer”; -M. Corelli, The Devil's

1910 -Rostand, Chantecler; -Claudel, Cinq grandes odes; -Roussel, Impressions d’Afrique; -Rolland, Les Amies; -Apollinaire, L’Hérésiarque et Cie; -Colette Willy, La Vagabonde;

1910 -Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull House; -Death of Mark Twain (b. 1835); -death of Rebecca Harding Davis (b. 1831); -death of William Sydney Porter (O. Henry) (b. 1862).

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1910 -Post-Impressionist exhibition in London; -Russell, Philosophical Essays; Principia Mathematica (19101913, with Alfred North Whitehead)

1910 -Death of Edward VII, accession of George V (second son of Edward VII; Windsor) -Portugal is declared a republic -Japan annexes Korea -South Africa: Louis Botha is the first prime

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George Bowden. Meets Alfred Richard Orage, editor of The New Age, future pupil of G.I. Gurdjieff . Publishes “The Child Who Was Tired” in The New Age. Will later credit Orage as being the person who “taught her how to write.”

MARCH 1910 After an attack of peritonitis, undergoes operation to remove infected Fallopian tube. Ida nurses her back to health at Rottingdean. SUMMER 1910 Befriended by Orage and his mistress, South African writer, Beatrice Hastings, caustic critic for the New Age, future

Motor (from A Christmas Greeting); -W. H. Davies, Farewell to Poesy; -Dobell, Century of Sonnets; -Lord Dunsany, A Dreamer’s Tales and Other Stories; -Ford Madox Ford, A Call: the Tale of Two Passions; The Portrait; -E. M. Forster, Howards End; -Kipling, Rewards and Fairies. -Ezra Pound, Provenca; The Spirit of Romance; -Fiona MacLeod (W. Sharp), The Dominion of Dreams Under the Dark Star; Poems and Dramas; -G. B. Shaw, Misalliance (publ. 1914); The Dark Lady of the Sonnets (publ. 1914); Treatise on Parents and Children; -H. G. Wells, The History of Mr Polly; The Sleeper Awakes (revised edition

-Péguy, Mistères de la charité de Jeanne d’Arc; Notre Jeunesse; -Louis Pergaud, De Goupil à Margot (Goncourt prize); -Marguerite Audoux, Marie-Claire; -Jules Romains, Un être en marche; -Cocteau, Le Prince frivole.

minister of the recently established Union of South Africa (dominion of the British Empire) -Russia: Tolstoy dies -Mexico: the Mexican Revolution against autocrat Porfirio Díaz breaks out.

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lover and model of Amedeo Modigliani. House-sits a flat in Cheyne Walk. Becomes friends with William Orton with whom she keeps a journal. Orton will depict her in his autobiographical novel, The Last Romantic which includes passages apparently written by KM.

of When the Sleeper Awakes); "Little Mother Up the Morderberg"; "My First Aeroplane"; -Yeats, The Green Helmet and Other Poems; he is manager of the Abbey Theatre.

NOVEMBER 1910 Post-Impressionist Exhibition opens in London, with works by Van Gogh, Gaugin, Picasso, Matisse. KM will be among the many visitors. JANUARY 1911 Moves to 69 Clovelly Mansions in Gray’s Inn

1911 -M. Beerbohm, Zuleika Dobson; Cartoons: The

1911 -Paul Claudel, L’Otage; -Leroux, Chéri-Bibi;

1911 -Edith Wharton publishes Ethan Frome;

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1911 -Alfred North Whitehead, An

1911 -Britain: Parliament Act; National Insurance Act.

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Road.

Second childhood of John Bull; -A. C. Benson, The Child SPRING 1911 of the Dawn; Paul the May have been Minstrel and Other pregnant again. Ida Stories; Baker recounts the -M. E. Braddon, The episode in The Green Curtain; -G. K. Chesterton, The Memories of LM. Ballad of the White Horse; The Innocence Of JUNE 22, 1911 Coronation of George V Father Brown; Wit and Wisdom of G. K. attended by the Chesterton; Beauchamp family with Appreciations and whom she is reunited. Criticisms of the Works Re-establishes ties with of Charles Dickens; younger brother Leslie, -Conrad, Under Western Eyes; "A Smile of “Chummie”. Fortune"; "Prince Roman"; DECEMBER 1911 -M. Corelli, The Life Publication of In a Everlasting; German Pension. -W. H. Davies, Songs of Submits “The Woman at Joy and Others; A Weak the Store,” New Zealand Woman -F. Madox Ford, Ladies murder story to Whose Bright Eyes; The Rhythm, avant-garde Critical Attitude; Ancient magazine edited by Lights and Certain New John Middleton Murry. Reflections;

-Guitry, Le veilleur de nuit; -Jules Romains, Mort de quelqu’un; -Feydeau, Occupe-toi d’Amélie; -Péguy, Victor-Marie, Comte Hugo; Le porche du mystère de la deuxième vertu; -Jacob, Saint-Matorel; -Alphonse de Châteaubriant, Monsieur des Lourdines (Goncourt prize); -Louis de Robert, Le roman du malade; -Georges de PortoRiche, Le Vieil Homme.

-Theodore Dreiser, Jennie Gerhardt; -Novelist and progressive journalist David Graham is killed in New York. -“The Masses” (N. Y.); -James, The Outcry;

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Introduction to Mathematics;

The House of Lords in Great Britain gave up its veto power: the House of Commons becomes the more powerful House. First national railway strike. The first escalators in Britain are installed at Earls Court underground station in London. Suffragettes stormed Parliament in London. -Portugal: women are granted suffrage -Russia: the prime minister Peter Stolypin is killed by a revolutionary -Morocco, Germany, France: Second Moroccan Crisis (also known as Agadir Crisis). Germany obtains territories in Congo. -Italy: Giovanni Giolitti is prime minister for the

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Meets Murry at dinner party organized by W.L. George.

-Forster, The Celestial Omnibus (and other stories); -Hornung, The Camera Fiend; -Kipling, A History of England; -David Herbert Lawrence, The White Peacock; -John Masefield, The Everlasting Mercy; -birth of Flann O’Brien; -Pound, Canzoni; -Fiona MacLeod (W. Sharp), The Silence of Amor. Where the Forest Murmurs; -G. B. Shaw, Fanny's First Play (publ. 1914); -Bram Stoker, The Lair of the White Worm; -H. G. Wells, The New Machiavelli; "The Obliterated Man"; The Door in the Wall and Other Stories; The Country of the Blind and Other Stories;

fourth time. Italy annexes Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Libya (from the Ottoman Empire) -China: the Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution (also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution) ends with the abdication of Emperor Puyi. Sun Yatsen is elected as the provisional president of the Republic of China. -Mexico: lots of Mexicans start emigrating to the US. F. Madero is elected president

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APRIL 1912 Murry moves in as KM’s lodger at 69 Clovelly Mansions, occupying “the Buddha room” at 7s.6d a month. This period is vividly described in Murry’s autobiography, Between Two Worlds. SPRING 1912 Becomes assistant editor of Rhythm. Attacked by Hastings and Orage in The New Age. AUGUST 1912 Forced with Murry to leave Clovelly Mansions because they are not married. SEPTEMBER 1912 Moves with Murry to Runcton Cottage near

1912 -William Allingham, By the Way; -M. Beerbohm, A Christmas Garland; -G. K. Chesterton, Simplicity and Tolstoy; A Miscellany Of Men; Manalive; -Conrad, "Freya of the Seven Isles"; ‘Twixt Land and Sea; -W. H. Davies, The True Traveller; -Walter de la Mare, The Listeners; -Doyle, The Lost World; The Terror of Blue John Gap; -Lord Dunsany, The Book of Wonder; -Ford Madox Ford, The New Humpty Dumpty; The Panel: A Sheer Comedy; -Hardy, "The Convergence of the Twain (Lines on the Loss of the ''Titanic')."; -Hornung, Fathers of Men;

1912 -Claudel, L’Annonce faite à Marie; -Blaise Cendrars, Pâques à New York; -Saint-John Perse, Éloges; -Péguy, Le Mystère des Saints Innocents; -Pergaud, La Guerre des boutons; -Georges Courteline, Les Linottes; -France, Les Dieux ont soif; -Leroux, Rouletabille chez le Tsar; -Guitry, Un beau mariage; -André Savignon, Les Filles de la pluie (Goncourt prize); -Jacques Morel, Les Feuilles mortes; -Julien Benda, L’Ordination; -Charles Vildrac, Découverte; -Alexandre Mercereau, Les Contes des ténèbres; -Cocteau, La Danse de

1912 -birth of Irish writer Mary Lavin (in Massachusetts) -Edith Wharton, The Reef; -Willa Cather, Alexander’s Bridge; -Theodore Dreiser, The Financier; -Sui-Sin Far (Edith Maude Eaton), Mrs. Spring Fragrance; -Zane Grey, Riders of the Purple Sage; -James Weldon Johson, The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man; -Mary Antin, The Promised Land; -Founding of Poetry magazine.

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1912 -“Futurist” exhibition in Paris; -Carl Gustav Jung, The Psychology of the Unconscious; -Vanessa Bell, Studland Beach; -G. E. Moore, Ethics; -Russell, The Problems of Philosophy;

1912 -Britain: the Liberals introduce a Home Rule Bill (Irish question); the first British National Health Insurance payments are made. Sinking of the Titanic in the North Atlantic Ocean, off the coasts of Newfoundland. The Royal Flying Corps (predecessor of the RAF) is established in England. The British House of Lords oppose the House of Commons by rejecting home rule for Ireland. Leonard Woolf marries Virginia Duckworth. -Austria-Hungary: Stephen Tisza, leader of the Hungarian National Party of Work, is elected president of the Hungarian chamber. -Italy: male suffrage approved. -The Balkans. Treaty of

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Chichester. Quarrel with Henri Gaudier and Sophie Brzeska. Receives uninvited guest, Floryan Sobieniowski.

OCTOBER 1912 The publisher of Rhythm goes bankrupt. KM pledges annual income from her father to pay back a printer’s debt for four years. Moves with Murry back to London to dreary digs in Chancery Lane, furnished with a camp bed, two chairs, and a packing case. They struggle to keep the magazine afloat. Contributors include Hugh Walpole and DH Lawrence.

-Kipling, Collected Verse (British edition) and Songs from Books; -Lawrence, The Trespasser; -Alfred Edward Marsh edits the anthology Georgian Poetry (1st volume); -Ezra Pound, Ripostes; translation of Guido Cavalcanti’s poems (The Sonnets and ballate of Guido Cavalcanti); -Vita Sackville-West, A Dancing Elf; -Fiona MacLeod (W. Sharp), The Divine Adventure. Iona. Studies in Spiritual History; -W. Sharp, Poems; Studies and Appreciations; Papers Critical and Reminiscent; Literary Geography and TravelSketches; Vistas (repr.); -G. B. Shaw, Androcles and the Lion (publ. 1914); Overruled (publ. 1916); Pygmalion

Sophocle

Lausanne between Italy and the Ottoman Empire. -US: the Democrat Woodrow Wilson wins the US presidential election -Argentina: universal male suffrage granted -Morocco: treaty of Fez (Morocco becomes a French protectorate). -China: 1 January 1912 is set as the first day of the First Year of the Republic. Sun Yat-sen founds the Kuomintang

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CHRISTMAS 1912 Spends Christmas in Paris with Murry.

MARCH 1913 In need of fresh air, KM rents a house in the country in Buckinghamshire where Murry is to join her on weekends. They find the separation stressful. MAY 1913 Rhythm becomes the short-lived Blue Review and publishes a story by DH Lawrence, “The Soiled Rose”. JUNE 1913 Friendship develops with DH Lawrence and Frieda.

(1912-13; publ. 1914); -death of Bram Stoker; -Giles Lytton Strachey, Landmarks in French Literature; -H. G. Wells, Marriage; 1913 -M. Beerbohm, Fifty Caricatures; -Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Miranda; -G. K. Chesterton, Magic; The Victorian Age in Literature; -Conrad, Chance; -W. H. Davies, Foliage: Various Poems; -Doyle, The Poison Belt; The Horror of the Heights; -F. Madox Ford, Mr. Fleight; Henry James, A Critical Study; -Forster starts writing Maurice (published posthumously in 1971); -Weedon Grossmith, From Studio to Stage; -Hardy, “A Changed Man” and Other Tales

1913 -Proust, Du côté de chez Swann ; -Jules Romains, Les Copains ; -Apollinaire, Alcools ; Les Peintres Cubistes ; La Peinture moderne ; L’Antitradition futuriste, manifeste synthèse ; -Colette, L’Envers du music-hall , L’Entrave ; -Péguy, L’Argent; La Tapisserie de Sainte Geneviève et de Jeanne d'Arc; La Tapisserie de Notre-Dame; Ève; -Alain-Fournier, Le Grand Meaulnes ; -Martin du Gard, Jean Barois ; -Barrès, La Colline inspirée ;

1913 -Edith Wharton publishes Custom of the Country; -Willa Cather, O Pioneers!; -Ellen Glasgow, Virginia; -Robert Frost, A Boy’s Will; -Jack London, The Valley of the Moon; -Henry James, A Small Boy and Others; -Oscar Micheaux, The Conquest: The Story of a negro Pioneer; -“Vanity Fair”; - William Carlos Williams, The Tempers.

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1913 -John Maynard Keynes, Indian Currency and Finance; -design enterprise Omega Workshops is founded; -Sidney and Beatrice Webb found The New Statesman

1913 -UK: British House of Commons accept Home-Rule Law. British suffragette Emily Pankhurst is sentenced to 3 years in jail (for inciting persons to place explosives outside the house of the chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George). -US: the US Congress passes the Glass-Owen Currency Act (Federal Reserve Bank Act), establishing a Federal Reserve Board -The Balkans: Second Balkan War. -Turkey: the Young

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Murry later describes the foursome swimming naked in a lake and feasting on steak and tomatoes. This relationship will partly provide inspiration for Lawrence’s novel, Women in Love, with KM serving as a model for Gudrun and Murry for Gerald.

JULY 1913 Moves with Murry to Baron’s Court, described by Ida as “a suburban flatlet with communal gardens at the back.” Murry occupies the study while KM works on the dining table.

(Macmillan ed.); Poems of 1912-1913; -Hornung, The Thousandth Woman; -Lawrence, Sons and Lovers; Love Poems and Others; - Vachel Lindsay, General William Booth Enters Into Heaven; -Fiona MacLeod (W. Sharp), The Winged Destiny. Studies in the Spiritual History of the Gael; -G. B. Shaw, Beauty's Duty (publ. 1934); Great Catherine (publ. 1919); The Music Cure (publ. 1926); -A. Symons, The Knave of Hearts: 1894-1908; -H. G. Wells, The Passionate Friends; The Star.

-Cendrars, La Prose du Transsibérien ; -Péguy, La Tapisserie de Notre-Dame ; -Zévaco, Les Pardaillans (suite) ; -Valery Larbaud, A. O. Barnabooth ; -Segalen, Stèles ; -Marcel Tendron (pen name : Marc Elder), Le Peuple de la mer (Goncourt prize) ; -Camille Marbo, La Statue voilée ; -Léon Werth, La Maison Blanche ; -Paul Éluard, Premiers Poèmes.

Turks (CUP) seize power. -China: Yuan Shih-k’ai's crackdown on the Kuomintang begins -Mexico: Huerta establishes a military dictatorship.

NOVEMBER 1913 Completes opening chapters of “Maata”. 57

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DECEMBER 1913 Moves with Murry to 31 Rue de Tournon, Paris. Is attracted to bohemian writer Francis Carco. Writes “Something Childish but Very Natural.” FEBRUARY 1914 Leaves Paris with Murry after he is declared bankrupt and returns to London. Carco helps them dispose of their furniture by selling it to brothels Ida sends money by post, tearing a fivepound note in half and enclosing it in two separate envelopes to make sure it would not be stolen by postal

1914 -G. K. Chesterton, The Wisdom Of Father Brown; The Flying Inn; Trial of John Jasper, Lay Precentor of Cloisterham Cathedral in the County of Kent, for the Murder of Edwin Drood; London; -M. Corelli, Innocent; -W. H. Davies, Nature; The Bird of Paradise; -Doyle, The British Campaign in France and Flanders: 1914; -death of Bertram Dobell;

1914 -Gide, Les Caves du Vatican; -Carco, Jésus-la-Caille; -France, La Révolte des anges; -Bourget, Le Démon de midi; -Adrien Bertrand, L’Appel du sol (Goncourt prize awarded in 1916); -Estaunié, Les choses voient; -Péguy, Note conjointe sur M. Bergson et la philosophie bergsonienne;

1914 -Theodore Dreiser, The Titan; -Henry James, Notes of a Son and Brother; Notes on Novelists; -Gertrude Stein, Tender Buttons; -Vachel Lindsay, The Congo; -Carl Sandburg, Chicago; -Frank Norris, Vandover and the Brute; -Sinclair Lewis, Our Mr. Wrenn; -Ambrose Bierce (b. 1842) disappears in Mexico and is presumed

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1914 -Russell, Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy;

1914 -Outbreak of World War I

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workers.

APRIL 1914 Moves with Murry to Fulham (102 Edith Grove). JULY, 1914 Moves with Murry to Chelsea (111 Arthur Street). JULY 13, 1914 KM and Murry are witnesses at the wedding of DH Lawrence and Frieda. AUGUST 4, 1914 War is declared.

-F. Madox Ford, Collected Poems; -Hardy, “A Changed Man” and Other Tales (Wessex ed.); Satires of Circumstance; -Hornung, The Crime Doctor; -Joyce, Dubliners; -Lawrence, The Prussian Officer and Other Stories; The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd; Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays; -Wyndham Lewis founds “Vorticist” movement; -birth of Patrick O’Brian; -Founding of Blast and Egoist; -Ezra Pound organizes the Imagists; Pound and Thomas Ernest Hulme(ed.), Des Imagistes: an Anthology; -G. B. Shaw, Common Sense about the War; -birth of Dylan Thomas; -H. G. Wells, The Wife of

- Paul Éluard, Le Dailogue des inutiles ; -Romains, Sur les quais de la Villette.

dead; -Death of S. Weir Mitchell (b. 1829); -Death of Sui-Sin Far (Edith Maude Eaton).

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Sir Isaac Harman; The World Set Free; -Yeats, Responsibilities.

OCTOBER 1914 –FEB 1915 Moves with Murry to Rose Tree Cottage in Buckinghamshire close to the Lawrences, whose frequent quarrels create a strained atmosphere. First meeting with Kotelianski. In Between Two Worlds Murry, describes his endless philosophical discussions with Lawrence and Gordon Campbell which make KM feel isolated and estranged. FEBRUARY 3, 1915 Leslie arrives in England for military training.

1915 -Georgian Poetry; -Death of Rupert Brooke; -Rupert Brooke, 1914 and Other Poems; -G. K. Chesterton, Poems; Wine, Water And Song; The Appetite of Tyranny; The Crimes of England; -Conrad, Victory ; Within the Tides; -Doyle, The Valley of Fear; -Lord Dunsany, FiftyOne Tales; -F. Madox Ford, When Blood is their Argument: an Analysis of Prussian Culture; The Good Soldier; -Hornung, Trusty and Well Beloved; -Lawrence, The Rainbow;

1915 Nobel Prize to Romain Rolland -Claudel, Corona benignitatis anni dei; -Apollinaire, Case d’Armons; -Pierre Reverdy, Poèmes en prose.

1915 -T. S. Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”; -Edgar Lee Masters, Spoon River Anthology; -Willa Cather, The Song of the Lark; -Margaret Deland, Around Old Chester; -Theodore Dreiser, The “Genius”; -Dorothy Canfield Fisher, The Bent Twig; -Robert Frost, North of Boston.

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1915 -death of the sculptor Henri Gaudier-Brzeska (co-founder of Blast)

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FEBRUARY 15, 1915 Brief trip to France to join Carco. The episode provides inspiration for “An Indiscreet Journey.” FEB 25, 1915 Returns to Murry at Rose Tree Cottage. MARCH –MAY 1915 Divides her time between Murry’s flat in London and Carco’s flat in Paris, near the Quai des Fleurs, while Carco is at the front. Begins writing “The Aloe,” reevoking her New Zealand childhood.

-Mina Loy, “Love Songs” (published in the debut issue of “Others”); -"Mary Postgate," The New Army in Training and France in War; -Pound, Cathay; -Dorothy Richardson, Pointed Roofs; -G. B. Shaw, O'Flaherty VC (publ. 1920); -H. G. Wells, Bealby: A Holiday; The Research Magnificent; "The Sad Story of a Dramatic Critic"; "The Story of the Last Trump"; "The Wild Asses of the Devil"; Boon, The Mind of the Race, The Wild Asses of the Devil, and The Last Trump; -Virginia Woolf, The Voyage Out.

JUNE 1915 Moves with Murry to 5 Acacia Road in St John’s Wood. Receives frequent visits 61

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from Leslie while he is stationed in England. In the garden of this house grows KM’s pear tree.

OCTOBER 7, 1915 Leslie Beauchamp is killed in France while demonstrating how to use a hand grenade. KM plunges into depression. NOVEMBER 1915 Moves with Murry to Bandol in the south of France. DECEMBER 7, 1915 Murry returns to London. DECEMBER 1915 Receives a moving letter of sympathy from Lawrence consoling her 62

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for Leslie’s death.

DECEMBER 31, 1915 - FEBRUARY 1916 Murry joins KM in Bandol at the Villa Pauline. KM rewrites “The Aloe.” APRIL 1916 Returns to England with Murry and moves to Higher Tregerthen in Cornwall to be near the Lawrences , but finds their company overwhelming. JUNE 1916 Moves with Murry to Mylor in the south Cornish coast. SEPTEMBER 1916 Murry starts work as a translator in military intelligence.

1916 -The Egoist starts serializing Tarr, by Wyndham Lewis; -A. C. Benson, Escape and Other Essays; -Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Mary; -G. K. Chesterton, Divorce vs. Democracy; The Book of Job; A Shilling for My Thoughts; Temperance and The Great Alliance; -W. H. Davies, Child Lovers; Collected Poems; -Lord Dunsany, Tales of Wonder; -Huxley, The Burning Wheel; -Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; -Kipling, Sea Warfare; -Lawrence, Amores; Twilight in Italy and Other Essays;

1916 -Apollinaire, Le Poète assassiné; -Carco, Les Innocents; -Barbusse, Le Feu; -Tzara, La première aventure celeste de Monsieur Antipyrine; - Paul Éluard, Le Devoir ; -Reverdy, La Lucarne ovale.

1916 -Carl Sandburg, Chicago Poems; -Sherwood Anderson, Windy McPherson's Son; -Mark Twain, The Mysterious Stranger; -William Dean Howells, The Leatherwood God; -Grace King, The Pleasant Ways of St. Medard; -Amy Lowell, Men, Women, and Ghosts; -Ring Lardner, You Know Me Al; -H. D. (Hild Doolittle), Sea Garden; -Deaths of Henry James (b. 18439, Jack London (b. 1876), and Richard Harding Davis (b. 1864).

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1916 -Russell, Principles of Social Reconstruction; Justice in War-time

1916 -Britain: Lloyd George Prime Minister; -Ireland: The Easter Rising

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He and KM take up residence in Bloomsbury at 3 Gower Street. Painter Dorothy Brett lived on the second floor; Dora Carrington in the attic.

AUTUMN 1916 Frequents Lady Ottoline Morrell in Garsington The circle includes: Lytton-Strachey, T.S. Eliot, Bertrand Russell, Aldous Huxley among others.

-Ezra Pound, Lustra; Gaudier Brzeska: a Memoir; Certain noble plays of Japan: from the manuscripts of Ernest Fenollosa; "Noh", or, Accomplishment: a study of the classical stage of Japan (with Fenollosa); "The Lake Isle"; -G. B. Shaw, The Inca of Perusalem (publ. 1919); Augustus Does His Bit (publ. 1919); Macbeth Skit (publ. 1967); Pygmalion; -A. Symons, Tragedies; Figures of Several Centuries; -H. G. Wells, Mr Britling Sees it Through.

NOVEMBER 1916 Friendship and correspondence with Bertrand Russell begins. First meeting with Virginia Woolf.

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FEBRUARY 1917 Moves to a studio at 141a Church street in Chelsea, later joined by Ida. Murry moves to 47 Redcliffe Road. Friendship develops with Virginia Woolf. APRIL 1917 Begins writing for the New Age again. Proposes “Prelude” to the Hogarth Press. WINTER 1917 Discovers spot on right lung.

1917 -Georgian Poetry; -the Woolfs founds The Hogarth Press; -G. K. Chesterton, Lord Kitchener; A Short History of England; -Conrad, The Shadow Line; “The Tale”; “The Warrior’s Soul”; -Doyle, His Last Bow; -T. S. Eliot, Prufrock and Other Observations; -Hardy, Moments of Vision; -Hornung, Ballad of Ensign Joy; -death of Thomas Ernest Hulme; -Huxley, Jonah; -Kipling, A Diversity of Creatures; -Lawrence, Look! We have come through!; -Pound, Twelve Dialogues of Fontenelle; -Vita Sackville-West, Poems of West and East; -Siegfried Sassoon, Huntsman;

1917 -Paul Valéry, Le Jeune Parque; -Apollinaire, Les Mamelles de Tirésias; -Duhamel, La vie des martyrs; -Claudel, L’Ours et la Lune; -Jacob, Le Cornet à dés; -Philippe Soupault, Aquarium; -Georges de PortoRiche, Le Marchand d’estampes; - Paul Éluard, Le Devoir et l’Inquiétude. -Giraudoux, Lectures pour une ombre.

1917 -Edith Wharton, Summer; -Hamlin Garland, A Son of the Middle Border; -Abraham Cahan, The Rise of David Levinsky; -Sinclair Lewis, The Job; -Edna St. Vincent Millay, Renascence; -T. S. Eliot, Prufrock and Other Observations; -David Graham Phillips, Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise; -Oscar Micheaux, The Homesteader; -Pulitzer Prizes established; -H. D., The God; - William Carlos Williams, Al Que Quiere; -James, The Ivory Tower (unfinished); The Sense of the Past (unfinished).

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1917 -Jung, The Unconscious; -Russell, Political Ideals; -Alfred North Whitehead, The Organization of Thought Educational and Scientific; -Wyndham Lewis is appointed as an official war artist

1917 -Revolutions in Russia; -America enters the War; -Britain: George V decrees that the Royal family would be known by the surname of Windsor

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-G. B. Shaw, Annajanska, the Bolshevik Empress (publ. 1919); -H. G. Wells, The Soul of a Bishop.

JANUARY – FEBRUARY 1918 Returns alone to Bandol to the Hotel Beau Rivage. Begins writing “Je Ne Parle Pas Français”. Ida arrives in Bandol. Has first lung hemorrhage. MARCH 1918 Flees to Paris with Ida where they are trapped by the German bombardment. APRIL 11,1918 Returns to London with Ida.

1918 -G. K. Chesterton, How to Help Annexation; -M. Corelli, The Young Diana; -W. H. Davies, A Poet's Pilgrimage (or A Pilgrimage In Wales); Forty New Poems; Raptures; -Doyle, Danger! And Other Stories; -Lord Dunsany, Tales of War -Ford Madox Ford, On Heaven, and Poems written on Active Service; -Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poetry is published: The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins (notes and introduction by Robert Bridges);

1918 -Giraudoux, Simon le pathéthique; -Duhamel, Civilisation 1914-1917; -Proust, A l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleur; -Claudel, Le Pain dur; -Cendrars, Le Panama ou Les Aventures de Mes Sept Oncles; -Apollinaire, Calligrammes; Couleur du temps; L’esprit nouveau et les poètes; -Valery Larbaud, Enfantines; -Tzara, Vingt-cinq poems; -Cocteau, Le Coq et l'Arlequin; - Paul Éluard, Poèmes pour la paix ; -Jacob, Le

1918 -Willa Cather, My Antonia; -Edith Wharton, The Mame; -Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams; -Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, Edgewater People; -Booth Tarkington, The Magnificent Ambersons; -O. Henry Award for the short story established.

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1918 -Debussy dies; -Rutherford splits the atom; -Vanessa Bell, The Tub; -G. E. Moore, Some Judgments of Perceptions; -Russell, Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays; Proposed Roads to Freedom: Socialism, Anarchism and Syndicalism; -Tristan Tzara, Manifeste Dada.

1918 -Votes for women aged thirty and over in Britain; -universal male suffrage; -end of World War I; -Ireland: 69 Sinn Fein MPs refuse to attend Parliament and declare themselves the elected assembly of the Irish people.

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MAY 3, 1918 KM and Murry are married at the Kensington Registery Office. KM wears Frieda Lawrence’s wedding ring from her first marriage. MAY-JUNE 1918 Spends six weeks in Cornwall with Anne Estelle Rice. AUGUST 8, 1918 Annie Beauchamp dies in Wellington. August 1918 Moves with Murry to 2 Portland Villas, “the elephant” in Hampstead. Ida comes to live with them as housekeeper.

-Hornung, Wooden Phanérogame ; Cross; -Giraudoux, Simon le -Huxley, The Defeat of Pathétique. Youth; -Joyce, Exiles; -Lawrence, New Poems: - Wyndham Lewis, The Tarr (book-form); -Mary MacCarthy, A Pier and a Band; -Wilfred Owen, “Dulce et Decorum Est”; -death of Wilfred Owen; -Pound, Pavannes and Divisions; -Siegfried Sassoon, “Glory of Women”; Counterattack; -Strachey, Eminent Victorians: Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, Dr. Arnold, General Gordon; -A. Symons, Colour Studies in Paris; -Arthur Waley, A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems; -H. G. Wells, Joan and Peter: A Story of an Education; "Peter

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NOVEMBER 11, 1918 End of World War I.

Learns Arithmetic".

FEBRUARY 1919 Murry becomes editor of The Athenaeum.

1919 -M. Beerbohm, Seven Men; -G. K. Chesterton, Irish Impressions; -Conrad, The Arrow of Gold; -M. Corelli, My Little Bit; -Lord Dunsany, Tales of Three Hemispheres; Unhappy Far-Off Things; -Hardy, Collected Poems; -Hornung, Notes of a Camp-Follower on the Western Front; The Ballad of Ensign; The Young Guard; -Kipling, The Graves of the Fallen and The Years Between; -Lawrence, Bay: a book of poems; -John Masefield, Reynard the Fox; -Pound, Quia Pauper Amavi; The Fourth Canto;

APRIL 1919 Begins reviewing for The Athenaeum. Begins translating Chekhov’s letters with Koteliansky. SEPTEMBER 1919 Travels to San Remo with Murry and Ida. After Murry’s departure, moves with Ida to the Casetta Deerholm in Ospedaletti. NOVEMBER 1919 Receives visit from Harold Beauchamp and his cousin Connie.

1919 -Gide, La Symphonie Pastorale; -Breton founds special Littérature; -Claudel, Les Coéphores d’Eschyle; La Messe làbas. -Soupault, Rose des vents; -Cocteau, Ode à Picasso - Le Cap de BonneEspérance; -Reverdy, La Guitare endormie; -Jules Supervielle, Poèmes de l’humour triste; -Giraudoux, Amica America; -Duhamel, La Possession du monde; -Giraudoux, Elpénor.

1919 -Pulitzer Prizes: For literature--Booth Tarkington, The Magnificent Ambersons; for biography--Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams; -Sherwood Anderson, Winesburg,Ohio; -H. D., Notes on Thought and Vision

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1919 -Picasso, “Pierrot and Arlequin”; -Renoir dies; -Keynes, The Economic Consequences of Peace; -Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy; -Omega closes; -Bergson, L’Énergie spirituelle.

1919 -Treaty of Versailles

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MID-DECEMBER 1919 Murry joins KM in Ospedaletti.

JANUARY 1920 Travels with Ida to France and enters a L’Hermitage, a clinic in Menton. Receives insulting letter from DH Lawrence. FEBRUARY 1920 Goes to live at Villa Flora with Cousin

-Vita Sackville-West, Heritage; -Fiona MacLeod (W. Sharp), Poems and Dramas (republished); -G. B. Shaw, Heartbreak House (1913-19; publ. 1919); -Arthur Waley, Japanese Poetry: The Uta; -H. G. Wells, The Undying Fire; -Woolf, Night and Day; Modern Fiction -Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole; -Georgian Poetry. 1920 -M. Beerbohm, Herbert Beerbohm Tree; And Even Now; -G. K. Chesterton, The Superstition of Divorce; The Uses of Diversity; The New Jerusalem; -Conrad, The Rescue; -M. Corelli, A Love of Long Ago; -W. H. Davies, The Song of Life;

1920 -Apollinaire, La femme assise; - Aragon, Feu de joie; Soupault (with André Breton), Les Champs magnétiques; -Montherlant, Le relève du matin; -Proust, Le côté des Guermantes; -Valéry, Le cimetière marin; Odes; Album des

1920 -Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence; -Edith Wharton, In Morocco; -Sinclair Lewis, Main Street; -F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise; -Anzia Yezierska, Hungry Hearts; -Ezra Pound, Hugh Selwyn Mauberly;

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1920 -Dada festival in Paris; -Russell, The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism;

1920 -Partition established in Government of Ireland Act;

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Connie and companion, Jinnie Fullerton.

APRIL, 1920 Returns with Ida to the Elephant in Hampstead. SEPTEMBER 1920 Travels with Ida to France, residing at Villa Isola Bella in Menton. AUTUMN 1920 Sobieniowski blackmails KM over youthful love letters. Assisted by Ida, works intensely on reviews and short stories, including “Miss Brill” and “The Daughters of the Late Colonel,” partially modeled on Ida. Learns of Murry’s liaison with Elizabeth Bibiesco.

-De La Mare, Poems 1901-18; -Eliot, The Sacred Wood; -Fry, Vision and Design; -Huxley, Limbo; Leda; -Kipling, Horace Odes, Book V and Letters of Travel; -Lawrence, Women in Love; The Lost Girl; Touch and Go; -Wilfred Owen, Poems (posthumous); -Pound, Umbra; Hugh Selwyn Mauberley; -G. B. Shaw, A Glimpse of the Domesticity of Franklin Barnabas (publ. 1932); -A. Symons, Lesbia and Other Poems; Charles Baudelaire: A Study.

vers anciens; -Claudel, Le Père humilié; Les Euménides d’Eschyle; Protée; -Valery Larbaud, Beauté, mon beau souci (1920-1923); -Duhamel, La Confession de minuit; -Cocteau, Escale. Poésies (1917-1920); Carte blanche; -Radiguet, Les Joues en feu; -Roger Martin du Gard starts Les Thibault; - Paul Éluard, Les Animaux et leurs hommes, les hommes et leurs animaux ; Onze Haï-kaïs ; -Jacob, Le Cinématoma (1920-1929) ; -Giraudoux, Adorable Clio ; -Jacques de Lacretelle, La Vie inquiète de Jean Hermelin.

-Eugene O'Neill, The Emperor Jones; -Robert Frost, Mountain Interval; -Death of William Dean Howells (b. 1837); - William Carlos Williams, Kora in Hell. Improvisations; -H. D., Translations.

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DECEMBER 2, 1920 Publication of Bliss and Other Stories. DECEMBER 1920 Murry joins her for Christmas in Menton. MAY 1921-JANUARY 1922 Moves to Montreux, Switzerland with Ida. Moves to Chateau Belle Vue, Sierre where she is joined by Murry. Moves with Murry to Chalet des Sapins ( Montana-sur-Sierre), near her cousin Elizabeth. Writes “At the Bay,” “The Garden Party,”and “The Doll’s House”. Obtains the address of Russian doctor Ivan Manoukhin from

1921 -M. Beerbohm, A Survey; -M. Corelli, The Secret Power; -W. H. Davies, The Captive Lion and Other Poems; The Soul's Destroyer; Form (ed Davies and Austin O Spare, Vol 1, Numbers 1, 2 & 3, 1921/1922) -Walter de la Mare, The Veil; -Ford Madox Ford, Thus to Revisit, Some Reminiscences. -Huxley, Chrome Yellow; -Lawrence, Tortoises; Movements in European History; Psychoanalysis

1921 -Breton and Soupault, Les champs magnétiques; -Aragon, Anicet ou le Panorama; -Giraudoux, Suzanne et le Pacifique; -Proust, Sodome et Gomorrhe; -Reverdy, Étoiles peintes; -Nobel prize to Anatole France; -Jacques Chardonne, L’Épithalame; -trial of Barrès; -Jules Romains, Amour couleur de Paris; -Estaunié, L’Ascension de M. Baslèvre;

1921 -Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Flappers and Philosophers (stories); -John Dos Passos, Three Soldiers; -Sherwood Anderson, The Triumph of the Egg; “The Egg”; - awarded Pulitzer Prize for Edith Wharton’s novel, The Age of Innocence; - William Carlos Williams, Sour Grapes; - James Joyce's Ulysses is published in Paris; 500 copies imported to America are seized by the U. S. Post Office as obscene material and

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1921 -Russell, The Analysis of Mind; -Wyndham Lewis’s exhibition, Tyros and Portraits;

1921 -British Broadcasting Corporation established -the British government make a treaty with Irish rebels and Ireland is divided into two parts. Irish Free State (under the British rule). The treaty is not accepted by the assembly in Dublin.

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Koteliansky. Reads Cosmic Anatomy.

and the Unconscious; Sea and Sardinia; -Pound, Poems, 1918– 1921; -Vita Sackville-West, Orchard and Vineyard; -G. B. Shaw, Back to Methuselah (1918-20; publ. 1921); -Lytton Strachey, Queen Victoria; -Arthur Waley, The No Plays of Japan; -H. G. Wells, "The Grisly Folk"; -Woolf, Monday or Tuesday; -Yeats, Michael Robartes and the Dancer.

-Valery Larbaud, Amants, heureux amants; -Cocteau, Les Mariés de la tour Eiffel; - Paul Éluard, Les Nécessités de la vie et les conséquences des rêves ; Exemples ; -Jacob, Le Laboratoire central ; Le Roi de Béotie ; -Radiguet, Les Pélican ; « Denise » ; -Mauriac, Préséances.

burned; -Marianne Moore, Poems; -H. D., Hymen; Paint It Today (publ. 1992); Asphodel (publ. 1992).

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JANUARY 30, 1922 Leaves for Paris with Ida. FEBRUARY – MAY 1922 Decides to try Manoukhin’s X-ray treatment Murry joins her in Paris; Ida returns to Switzerland. Publication of The Garden Party and Other Stories. Finds treatment debilitating. Writes “The Fly”. June, 1922 Returns to Switzerland, near Randogne with Murry. Moves to Sierre with Ida. AUGUST 1922 Returns to London with

1922 -G. K. Chesterton, Eugenics and Other Evils; The Ballad of St. Barbara and Other Poems; The Man Who Knew Too Much; What I Saw in America; -W. H. Davies, The Hour of Magic (illustrated by Sir William Nicholson); Shorter Lyrics of the Twentieth Century, 1900-1922 (anthology); -Lord Dunsany, Don Rodriguez: Chronicles of Shadow Valley; -Eliot, The Waste Land; he founds The Criterion; -Forster, Alexandria: A History and Guide; -Galsworthy, The Forsyte Saga; -Hardy, Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses; -Alfred Edward Housman, A Shropshire Land; Last Poems; -Huxley, Mortal Coils; -Joyce, Ulysses;

1922 -Colette, La maison de Claudine; -Valéry, Charmes; -Romains, Lucienne; -Proust dies; -Claudel, Poèmes de guerre (1914-1916); -Estaunié, L’Appel de la route; Solitudes; -Valery Larbaud, Mon plus secret conseil; -Soupault, Westwego (1917-1922); -Aragon, Les Aventures de Télémaque; -Cocteau, Vocabulaire; Antigone; Le Secret professionnel; -Martin du Gard, Le Cahier gris; Le Penitencier; - Paul Éluard, Répétitions ; Les Malheurs des immortels ; -Supervielle, Débarcadères ; -Giraudoux, Siegfried et le Limousin ; -Jacques de Lacretelle,

1922 -Francis Scott Fitzgerald, The Beautiful and Damned; Tales of Jazz Age; - T. S. Eliot, The Waste Land (1921-1922); -Sinclair Lewis, Babbitt; - Anzia Yezierska, Salome of the Tenements; - Eugene O'Neill, The Hairy Ape; -Willa Cather, One of Ours; -Edith Wharton, The Glimpses of the Moon; - Katherine Anne Porter, "Maria Conception" (Century); - T. S. Eliot founds Criterion magazine (1922-1939); -Booth Tarkington wins the Pulitzer Prize for Alice Adams; -e. e. Cummings, The Enormous Room;

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1922 -Russell, The Problem of China; -Bergson, Durée et simultanéité;

1922 -Ireland: civil war (192223)

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Murry and Ida. Stays with Dorothy Brett. Meets Orage.

-Lawrence, Aaron’s Rod; England, my England and Other Stories; Fantasia of the Unconscious; SEPTEMBER 1922 -Pound, The Natural Attends Ouspensky’s Philosophy of Love (by lectures. Rémy de Gourmont, translations); Obtains the address of -Lytton Strachey, Books the Institute for the and Characters; Harmonious -H. G. Wells, The Secret Development of Man in Places of the Heart; Fontainebleau from Tales of the Ouspensky. Unexpected; Rossetti and His Circle; -Woolf, Jacob’s Room; OCTOBER 2, 1922 Travels with Ida to Paris. -Georgian Poetry.

Silbermann ; -Mauriac, Le Baiser au lépreux.

OCTOBER 14,1922 Examined by Dr. James C. Young, pupil of Gurdjieff. OCTOBER 16,1922 Enters the Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man, not as a pupil but as a 74

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guest, or special visitor. She will be befriended by Olgivanna, future wife of Frank Lloyd Wright, who will later publish a memoir of her friendship with KM in The Bookman, 1931 and by Alexandre de Salzmann and his wife, Jeanne. Ouspensky recounts a conversation at the institute with KM in In Search of the Miraculous. Orage will also publish his account of her life there in Talks with Katherine Mansfield at Fontainebleau in The Century, 1924.

JANUARY 9,1923 After Murry’s arrival at the institute for a visit, KM climbs a flight of

1923 -M. Beerbohm, Things New and Old; -G. K. Chesterton, St.

1923 -Estaunié, L’Infirme aux mains de lumière; -Raymond Radiguet, Le

1923 -Edith Wharton receives Yale honorary award of Doctor of Letters;

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1923 -Keynes, Tract on Monetary Reform;

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stairs, hemorrhages and dies.

Francis of Assisi; Poems; -Conrad (with Madox Ford), The Nature of a Crime; The Rover; -M. Corelli, Love and The Philosopher; -W. H. Davies, True Travellers. A Tramp's Opera in Three Acts (illustrated by Sir William Nicholson); Collected Poems, 1st Series; Collected Poems, 2nd Series; Selected Poems; `Poets and Critics'; What I Gained and Lost By Not Staying At School; -Doyle, Tales of Terror & Mystery; -F. Madox Ford, The Marsden Case; -Forster, Pharos and Pharillon (A Novelist's Sketchbook of Alexandria Through the Ages); -Hardy, The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall;

Diable au Corps; death of Radiguet; -Cocteau, La Rose de François - Plain-Chant; Le Grand écart - Thomas l'imposteur; -Martin du Gard, La Belle Saison; -Marcel Arland, Terres étrangères; -Mauriac, Fleuves de feu.

- Willa Cather, A Lost Lady; - Wallace Stevens, Harmonium; - William Carlos Williams, Spring and All; Go Go; The Great American Novel; - Jean Toomer, Cane ; -e. e. Cummings, Tulips and Chimneys; -Hemingway, Three Stories and Ten Poems.

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-Hornung, Old Offenders and a Few Old Scores; -Aldous Huxley, Antic Hay; On the Margin; -Kipling, The Irish Guards in the Great War and Land and Sea; -Lawrence, Kangaroo; The Fox, The Captain’s Doll, The Ladybird; Birds, Beasts and Flowers; Studies in Classic American Literature; Translation of Mastro-Don Gesualdo; -Mina Loy, Lunar Baedecker [sic]; -High MacDiarmid, Annals of the Five Senses; -Pound, Indiscretions; Le Testament (one-act opera); -Vita Sackville-West, Challenge; -Shaw, Saint Joan(publ. 1924); -A. Symons, Love’s Cruelty; Dramatis Personae; translation of

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Gioconda (by D’Annunzio); -H. G. Wells, Men Like Gods; Tales of Wonder; -Yeats is awarded Nobel Prize in Literature.

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