7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ALTERNATIVE ENERGY EXPO CENTER, KARACHI

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY STATUS IN PAKISTAN PROF DR NASIM A. KHAN SENIOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OSMANI & COMPANY (PVT) LTD 14 MARCH 2013 DR. [email protected], [email protected]

EARLY GOVERNMENT EFFORT • Originally the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission initiated projects in solar energy but this effort was soon transferred to other Ministries. 1960’S [PEC] • They include Solar Energy Research Centre [SERC] under Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [PCSIR] in the Ministry of Science and Technology; • Appropriate Technology Development Organization (ATDO) in the Ministry of Science and Technology; • a Directorate General of Renewable Energy Resources (DGER) in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources; and • a Directorate of Renewable Energy [DAE] under the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in the Ministry of Water and Power.

Several solar-lit villages in different parts of the country and a small wind turbine established by the Directorate of New and Renewable Energy Resources during the 80’s

SERC RESEARCH RESULTS

EARLY GOVERNMENT EFFORT • ATDO was later upgraded and renamed as the Pakistan Council for Appropriate Technology (PCAT) [1980’S]. • A new organization the National Institute of Silicon Technology [NIST], was also created in the Ministry of Science and Technology to develop solar cell manufacturing. [1980’S] • All organizations under the Ministry of Science and Technology were later merged into the Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy Technology (PCRET) [1990’S], while DGER and the Renewable Energy Directorate under WAPDA were either closed or were not utilized.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SILICON TECHNOLOGY NOW PCRET BUILDING

PRIVATE SECTOR • ALMOST NON EXISTENT

FINANCING/ LEGAL INSTITUTES • ALMOST NON EXISTENT

EXISTING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN PAKISTAN – AEDB [ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BOARD] [2003/4] – PCRET [ PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES] – AED SINDH [ ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF SINDH] [2005/6] – PUNJAB POWER DEVELOPMENT COMPANY [2007/8] – SINDH ELECTRICTY COMPANY [2009/10]

CURRENT PRIVATE SECTOR • RENEWABLE ENERGY ASSOCIATION OF PAKISTAN • PAKISTAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION • SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY • CONSULTANTS • INSURANCE COMPANIES • STUDENTS • ENERGY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS IN UNIVERSITIES • SEVERAL BUSINESSES OPERATING • SEVERAL NGO’S PRESENT

ENERGY SECURITY DILEMMA • POPULATION PATTERN • ENERGY GENERATION PATTERN • SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY SCENARIO

POPULATION PATTERN

• ENERGY GENERATION PATTERN

HYDROPOWER JAMMU& KASHMIR

EXISTING AND POTENTIAL HYDROPOWER PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

• ENERGY GENERATION PATTERN

HYDROPOWER JAMMU& KASHMIR

OIL KHOST SHARIG SOR-RANGE

THERMAL SUI

LAKHRA

THERMAL

THAR COAL

EXISTING AND POTENTIAL OIL, GAS AND COAL RESERVES IN PAKISTAN

JAMMU& KASHMIR

AVAILABILTY OF SOLAR ENERGY IN POPULATION CENTERS IN PAKISTAN

APRIL

SOURCE: SOLAR ENERGY GUIDE AND DATABOOK FOR PAKISTAN N.A.KHAN

GUPIS GILGIT CHITRAL 1.5 3.3

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN MONTH:

MAY

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30METERS

0.9

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

1 M/S

6 M/S

2 M/S

7 M/S

3 M/S

8 M/S

4 M/S

9 M/S

2.5 BUNJI 3.0 2.3 CHILAS ASTOR 2.6 SKARDU

3.8 DROSH 3.0 DIR

PESHAWAR

1.7

1.9 PARACHINAR 3.0

1.3

MUZAFFARABAD BALAKOT

0.9 KAKUL 1.9 ISLAMABAD 1.2 JHELUM 0.9

5 M/S

D. I. KHAN 2.4

10 M/S

WIND SPEED COLOUR CODE

KOTLI 3.9

1.8 ZHOB

3.3

3.4 3.5

KALAT

JACOBABAD 3.0

MAY

KHUZDAR

PANJGUR 3.3

STUDY REPORT BY PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

NAWABSHAH 4.2 PADIDAN

JIWANI

1.9 KHANPUR

SUKKUR 2.1

3.5

5.0

3.2 BAHAWALNAGAR

2.1 BAHAWALPUR

2.0

DALBANDIN NOKUNDI

2.7 MULTAN

BARKHAN

SIBI

2.1

5.1

2.5

LAHORE

1.6 FAISALABAD

LORALAI

QUETTA

SIALKOT

2.3 HYDERABAD

10.8 ORMARA

KARACHI 5.9

4.5 8.3 BADIN

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN 9.1 CHOR

GUPIS GILGIT 2 .5 CHITRAL 1.5 BUNJI 4.6 3.1 DROSH 3 .3 2 .5 CHILAS ASTOR DIR 2 .9 SKARDU 1.0 3.6

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN MONTH:

JUNE

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30 METERS DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

1 M/S

6 M/S

2 M/S

7 M/S

3 M/S

8 M/S

4 M/S

9 M/S

PESHAWAR 1.9 PARACHINAR 3 .4 1.9

1.3

MUZAFFARABAD BALAKOT 1.1 KAKUL 1.7

ISLAMABAD 1.4 JHELUM 0.9

5 M/S

D. I. KHAN 2 .5

10 M/S

WIND SPEED COLOUR CODE

KOTLI 3.3

2 .2 ZHOB

4.3

FAISALABAD

4.1

MULTAN 2 .5

2 .2

DALBANDIN

KALAT

JIWANI

2.5

JACOBABAD 3.4

KHANPUR

JUNE

SUKKUR 2.9

KHUZDAR

STUDY REPORT BY PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

NAWABSHAH 6.1

9.7 ORMARA

3.8 BAHAWALNAGAR

2.5 BAHAWALPUR

PADIDAN 5.1

BARKHAN

SIBI

2 .2

3.1

PANJGUR 3.6

4.0

3 .3

QUETTA

NOKUNDI

LAHORE

2 .3

LORALAI

7.8

SIALKOT

KARACHI 5.9

3.0

5.2 HYDERABAD 8.1 BADIN

9.0 CHOR

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

WIND MAPPING SURVEY FOR POWER POTENTIAL

PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT – WIND MEASURING SITES IN BALUCHISTAN

Pakistan Meteorological Department

WIND MAPPING SURVEY FOR POWER POTENTIAL

PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT–WIND MEASURING SITES IN SIND

WIND TURBINES ON COASTLINE OF KARACHI

DEVELOPED BY

DIRECTOR PROJECT 10 CORPS, ADVANCED ENGINEERING RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (AERO), SOLAR TEAM EME, NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY (NCAE) IN COLLABORATION WITH

DHA KARACHI, VOLTA BATTERIES,

OCEAN SERVICES, NICE LINK TRUST, SOLAR PRODUCTS INCORPORATED PAKISTAN, WIND

BARON

WIND LIT COAST OF DHA KARACHI

Street lights of Beach Avenue, DHA Karachi

Micro wind turbines installed at Village Dandari, Ghora Bari, Thatta Sindh

TWO WIND PUMPS BY MERIN PVT OPERATIONAL IN BALOCHISTAN

Project experience Technical Advisor Hybrid Power System Community Managed

Client •

New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (MFAT)

Location •

Coastal Balochistan, Pakistan

Date •

2002 – ongoing, (Co-partnered with Empower Consultants Ltd) Facilities; Solar-diesel hybrid system Services; Resource assessment, System design, Site installation

Project experience Technical Advisor Client •

New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (MFAT) (Co-partnered with Empower Consultants Ltd)

Location •

Durgai, Baluchestan, Pakistan

Date •

2003

Facilities • 7.5 kW wind turbine, 0.5 kW solar panels, a 10 kW diesel generator, and 60 x 2v long-life acid batteries. Services Hybrid System Installation Resource assessment Wind, •Solar and Diesel • System design

•

Site installation

GHARO-KATIBANDAR-HYDERABAD WIND CORRIDOR AT 50 METERS

14

METERS/SECOND

12

10 8

HYDERABAD GHARO

6

KATIBANDAR

4

2 0 JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

MONTH

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

.

MONTH:

GUPIS GILGIT

3.6

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN

CHITRAL 4.6 DROSH 3 .3

JUNE

1.5

BUNJI 3.1 2 .5 CHILAS ASTOR 2 .9 SKARDU

DIR

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30 METERS

2 .5

1.0

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

1.3

PESHAWAR 1.7

1.9 PARACHINAR

MUZAFFARABAD BALAKOT

1.1 KAKUL

1 M/S

6 M/S

2 M/S

7 M/S

3 M/S

8 M/S

1.4 JHELUM

4 M/S

9 M/S

KOTLI

3 .4

1.9

ISLAMABAD

0.9

5 M/S

D. I. KHAN

10 M/S

WIND SPEED COLOUR CODE

3.3

2 .5

2 .2

4.3 2 .3

LORALAI

FAISALABAD 4.0 3 .3

QUETTA

MULTAN 2 .5

BARKHAN

SIBI

2 .2

KALAT

2.5

JACOBABAD

KHANPUR

3.4 3.1

3.8 BAHAWALNAGAR

2.5 BAHAWALPUR

2 .2

DALBANDIN NOKUNDI

LAHORE

ZHOB

4.1

7.8

SIALKOT

JUNE

SUKKUR 2.9

Average summer wind direction from Gharo to Hyderabad

PANJGUR

KHUZDAR

3.6

STUDY REPORT BY PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

NAWABSHAH 6.1 PADIDAN 3.0

5.1 JIWANI

9.7 ORMARA

KARACHI 5.9

5.2 HYDERABAD 8.1 BADIN

9.0 CHOR

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

MICRO SITING OF WIND FARMS BY AEDB EXPERTS

GHARO AREA

AEDB DATA

50m Wind Mast –Zephyr Power

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

60m Wind Measuring Mast- NPE

First 60m Wind Measuring mast in Pakistan (www.KonDen.com)

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

JHIMPIR

AEDB DATA LAND IN JHIMPIR, THATTA DISTRICT, SINDH

JHIMPIR AREA WIND FARMS

AEDB DATA

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Masterwind

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Masterwind

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Zorlu

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Zorlu

WIND FARM AT JHIMPIR

NUMBER OF WIND SPEED DATA COLLECTION MASTS INSTALLED IN PAKISTAN 80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

INSTALLED/YR

2007

2008

CUMULATIVE MASTS

2009

2010

2011

2012

WIND ENERGY POWER PROJECTS TARIFF AEDB DATA S.No Name of IPP 1 Dawood Power Ltd 2 Zorlu Enerji 3 FFC Energy Ltd Three Gorges First WInd Farm 4 Pakistan 5 Yunus Energy Ltd 6 Foundation Wind Energy - I Ltd 7 Foundation Wind Energy - II Ltd 8 Tenaga Generasi Ltd 9 Gul Ahmed Wind Power Ltd 10 Sapphire Wind Power Company Ltd 11 Metro Power Company Ltd 12 Master Wind Energy Ltd 13 Zephr Power Ltd 14 Sachal Energy Development Pvt Ltd

Tariff (US$ Cents per kWh) 11.87 13.3456 16.109 13.9399

13.9399 17.3672 14.1359 14.1164 13.6202 14.6098 13.2483 14.5236 14.532 15.9135 14.8618

Date Announced 6 Dec, 2008 13 Dec, 2011 10 Aug, 2010 15 Dec, 2011

15 Dec, 2011 15 Feb, 2012 16 Mar, 2012 16 Mar, 2012 26 April, 2012 8 May, 2012 8 May, 2012 15 May, 2012 29 June, 2012 24 May, 2012 3 Jan, 2012

STAKEHOLDER ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN WIND POWER PROJECTS

• • • • • • •

AEDB GOVT OF SINDH NEPRA NTDC HESCO KESC INVETSTORS

INVESTORS • • • • • • •

STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN NATIONAL BANK OF PAKISTAN HABIB BANK OF PAKISTAN MUSLIM COMMECIAL BANK ALLIED BANK FAYSAL BANK ASKARI BANK

LEGAL AND FINANCING INSTITUTES DEVELOPED • LEGAL COUNCILS; – KABRAJI & TALIBUDDIN – HAIDERMOTA & CO

• FINANCIAL CONSULTANTS; – BRIDGE FACTOR

• WIND ENERGY CONSULTANTS – – – – –

ME CONSULT RER OSMANI WIND ROSE IPEC

EXISTING SOLAR ENERGY SCENARIO IN PAKISTAN

SOLAR POTENTIAL OF PAKISTAN TOTAL ANNUAL SOLAR ENERGY OVER PAKISTAN= 2,324,320,000,000

MWH

SOLAR POTENTIAL IS

30,000 TIMES ANNUAL ENERGY GENERATED IN PAKISTAN

GOMA

NARAM ADM GYONG

OLDING

ADIL

PAIJU IHEC

GHAYARI DUMBA BAO

SKARDU

HAMZI GHUND

GILGIT BURZIL

LEH NULLAH

GULTARI

SHAKMA

NEKRUN

BUNYAL

KEL

QUETTA

SHARDA

SERVING THE NATION WITH A DIFFERENCE VINJORE

AWARAN

RANAK DHAR GHARO KARACHI

MARA POST

URAN KEL

TARIQ CAMP

SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB COLLEGE OF EME

MINI SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT SPONSORED BY MINISTRY OF S&T AND UNESCO

MINI SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT SPONSORED BY MINISTRY OF S&T AND UNESCO

SOLAR CELL FABRICATION MACHINE AT SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

CADMIUM TELLURIDE SOLAR CELLS FABRICATED AT SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

SOLAR WATER DISINFECTOR FOR 100 LITERS/DAY

INSTL OF SOLAR PANEL AT IHEC 18,500 FEET ELEVATION

SOLAR LIGHTS AT GOMA HOSPITAL

SOLAR LIGHTS AT GOMA WORKSHOP

DEMONSTRATION OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS TO MASSES IN NA

Solar lighting System on top of Mosque in Awaran, Balochistan

SOLAR LIT ROOMI PARK RAWALPINDI

SOLAR LIT PRESIDENCY PARK

SOLAR LIT PARK AT GILGIT

SOLAR LIT CAA PARK GILGIT

FCNA GATE LIT BY NIGHT WITH SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR CAR DESIGNED BY STUDENTS AT SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB CAN BE IMPROVED FOR AUTO RICKSHAWS

FRONT WALL AFTER GLASS FITMENT

FINAL FRONT VIEW OF THE HOSPITAL IN WINTERS

Hospital at Jambar Kashmir being heated by solar heated water

• STIRLING ENGINE DEVELOPED IN PAKISTAN

• STIRLING ENGINE DEVELOPED IN PAKISTAN

Remote Village Electrification •

Demonstration project of 100 solar homes at Narian Khorian completed, and inaugurated by the Prime Minister in June 2005.

•

Pilot project of 100 solar homes in each province completed.

•

A total of 1,762 homes electrified in 30 villages so far in all four provinces

•

7,874 off-grid villages to be electrified by AEDB in Balochistan (6,968) and Sindh (906)

•

400 (300 in Balochistan and 100 in Sindh) to be electrified in the Ist phase of the program

•

3000 homes in Sindh electrified

SINDH 3000 HOMES

Overview of village Bharomal (Sindh)

ALLAH BAKHSH DANDAR, BALOCHISTAN

SOLAR WATER PUMPING FROM COAL MINE

NE recently completed a successful installation of Pakistan's largest solar water pumping system. The system employs a solar array size of 7 kW and is capable of delivering a daily water output of more than 600,000 litres.

DHA CITY KARACHI

PAKISTAN ENGINEERING COUNCIL ISLAMABAD

SOLAR PV CELL MANUFACTURERS • AKHTER SOLAR • SARA SOLAR • AROUND 9 MW OF SOLAR PV CELLS HAVE BEEN MANUFACTURED AND INSTALLED IN PAKISTAN • Around $ 100 MILLIONS MARKET

BIO-ENERGY • BIO-DIESEL POLICY APPROVED AND AVAILABLE • THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF JATROPHA, PONGAMIA PLANTED • BIO GAS PLANTS [5000 INSTALLED, 1000 BEING INSTALLED IN PUNJAB]

GERMAN AGENCY FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION (GTZ)

•

“Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency

Programme” of six years duration • Initiated in October 2003 • Euro 3,500,000 committed by Germany for the first two years of the Programme • Aims to improve capacity / capability of the Public & Private Sectors for RE, including i) Rural Electrification ii) Energy Efficiency activities in selected

UNDP-GEF • Two-year project for “Sustainable Development of Utility Scale Wind Power Production” approved by GoP • Project funding amounts to US $ 3.1 Million • Aims to elaborate on the existing wind policy • Country-wide wind resource assessment also part of the project

USAID / SOUTH ASIAN REGIONAL INITIATIVE ON ENERGY (SARI) • Country-wide Wind and Solar Resource Assessment carried out under the USAID/SARI Programme amounting to US $ 1.9 Million • Project spanned over a two-year time period; initiated in 2004

CONCLUSION

EUROPEAN ENERGY SOURCES SHIFT TO NOTE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ALL NEW POWER (GW) IN EUROPE DURING THE YEAR 2009

10 8 6 4

ENERGY SOURCE

SOLAR CSP

HYDRO

NUCLEAR

WASTE

OIL

BIOMASS

COAL

SOLAR PV

0

GAS

2

WIND

POWER GIGA WATTS

12

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION OF WEST SOLAR/AE 50 YRS

NUCLEAR 50 YRS

NIL

MILLIONS OF YRS

OIL & GAS

WOOD

COAL

THOUSANDS OF YRS

150 YEARS

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION OF REMOTE AREAS OF PAKISTAN

NIL

WOOD (MILLIONS OF YEARS)

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION RECOMMENDED STRATEGY PAKISTAN SOLAR/AE 50 YRS

NUCLEAR 50 YRS

NIL

MILLIONS OF YRS

OIL & GAS

WOOD

COAL

THOUSANDS OF YRS

150 YEARS

INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES A QUESTION IS, WHEN WOULD AN AVERAGE PAKISTANI USE ENERGY EQUAL TO ENGLAND OF 1970 ?

PLAN SUCH A TARGETTED GROWTH FOR THE YEAR 2030 OR 2050

IN REALITY IN PAKISTAN, SOLAR ENERGY AND WIND ARE THE ACTUAL SOURCES REST ALL ARE ALTERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGY