Brown Marmorated Stink Bug IPM Working Group Meeting
Alson H. Smith Research and Extension Center Virginia Agriculture Experiment Station Virginia Tech. Winchester, VA November 29, 2011
Submitted by:
Dr. Tracy Leskey PI, Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Working Group Research Entomologist USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station 2217 Wiltshire Road Kearneysville WV 25430-2771 USA TEL: 304-725-3451 x329 FAX: 304-728-2340 EMAIL:
[email protected] Dr. George Hamilton Co-PI, Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Working Group Extension Specialist in Pest Management Professor of Entomology and Chair Department of Entomology 93 Lipman Drive Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08901 TEL: 732-932-9774 PEST MANAGEMENT OFFICE: 732-932-9801 FAX: 732-932-9751 EMAIL:
[email protected]
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Table of Contents
Working Group Membership (as of December 6, 2011) Executive Summary Oral Presentation And Discussion Group Summaries
3-6 7 8-15
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Working Group Membership
Current Roster as of December 6, 2011
Name
Affiliation
Email
Abney, Mark
NC State University
[email protected]
Agnello, Art
Cornell
[email protected]
Aldrich, Jeffrey
USDA-ARS-BARC
[email protected]
Angle, Jay
Chemtura
[email protected]
Bai, Barry
Oregon Dept. of Ag
[email protected]
Behling, George
Nob Hill Orchards
[email protected]
Bergh, Chris
Virginia Tech
[email protected]
Bergmann, Erik
UMD
[email protected]
Bernhard, Karen
[email protected]
Bickerton, Matt
Penn State University Extension NC State University
Biddinger, David
Penn State University
[email protected]
Biggins, Brian
Miolea Organic Farm
[email protected]
Black, Bob
Catoctin Mountain Orchard
[email protected]
Blue, Deborah
WVU
[email protected]
Brunner, Jay
Washington State University
[email protected]
Brust, Gerald
UMD
[email protected]
Butler, Bryan
UMD Extension
[email protected]
Cook, Stanley
EPA
[email protected]
Cooper, Rick
Cooper Pest Control
Cullum, John
USDA-ARS-AFRS
[email protected]
Czokajlo, Darek
Alpha Scents, Inc.
[email protected]
David, Paul
Gowan Company
[email protected]
Davis, Paula
Pioneer Hi-Bred
[email protected]
Day, Eric
VT
[email protected]
Dieckhoff, Christine
USDA-ARS-BIIR
[email protected]
Dively, Galen
UMD
[email protected]
Dowdy, Alan
USDA-APHIS-PPQ
[email protected]
Dulin, Bunky
[email protected]
Eaton, Alan
Sweet Corn Processor, SEW Friel UNH
Epstein, David
USDA-ARS-OPMP
[email protected]
Fiola, Joe
UMD
[email protected]
Fleischer, Shelby
Penn State University
[email protected]
Flick, Dan
Wilbur-Ellis Company
[email protected]
Frasier, Hannah
[email protected]
Fultz, Stanley
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture UMD
Futrell, Susan
Red Tomato
[email protected]
Ganske, Don
DuPont
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
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Name
Affiliation
Email
Gardenhour, Bill
Gardenhour Orchards
[email protected]
Gariepay, Tara
[email protected]
Gauen, Kenneth
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Pictsweet Company
Gill, Stanton
UMD Extension
[email protected]
Green, Thomas
IPM Institute of North America
[email protected]
Grieshop, Matthew
Michigan State University
[email protected]
Gut, Larry
MSU
[email protected]
Haas, Mike
Michigan State University
[email protected]
Haas, Tom
Cherry Hill Orchards
[email protected]
Hackett, Kevin
ARS Nat'l Program Leader
[email protected]
Hamilton, George
Rutgers
[email protected]
Hammon, Bob
Tri River Area Ext (CO)
[email protected]
Hancock, Torri
USDA-ARS-AFRS
[email protected]
Hardenburg, Jay
[email protected]
Herbert, Ames
Nat'l Grape Coop. Assoc., Inc./Welch's VA Tech
Hitchner, Erin
Syngenta Crop Protection
[email protected]
Hoebeke, Rick
University of Georgia
[email protected]
Hoelmer, Kim
USDA-ARS
[email protected]
Hull, Larry
Penn State University
[email protected]
Hunter, Craig
[email protected]
Inkley, Douglas
Ontario Fr. & Veg. Growers’ Assoc. Nat'l Wildlife Federation
Jacobs, Steve
PSU
[email protected]
Jasinski, Jim
[email protected]
Jentsch, Peter
Ohio State University Extension Cornell U-Hudson Valley Lab
Jones, Ashley
UMD
[email protected]
Kamminga, Kathy
VA Tech
[email protected]
Kenny, Sarah
UMD Extension
[email protected]
Khrimian, Ashot
USDA-ARS-BARC
[email protected]
Kirfman, Gary
Valent, USA
[email protected]
Klick, Suzanne
UMD Extension
[email protected]
Koplinka-Loehr, Carrie
NE IPM Center
[email protected]
Krawczyk, Greg
Penn State
[email protected]
Kuhar, Tom
Virginia Tech
[email protected]
Kunkel, Brian
University of Delaware
[email protected]
Lee, Doo-Hyung
USDA-ARS-AFRS
[email protected]
Leggett, John
DuPont Crop Protection
Leskey, Tracy
USDA-ARS-AFRS
[email protected] [email protected]
Loeb, Greg
Cornell U-Geneva
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
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Name
Affiliation
Email
Long, Beth
[email protected]
Lurvey, Edith
Office of Congressman Joe Pitts (PA) USDA-ARS-Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit IR-4
Mackintosh, Bill
Mackintosh Fruit Farm, CPS
[email protected]
MacLean, Priscilla
Hercon Environmental
[email protected]
Mafra-Neto, Agenor
ISCA Technologies, Inc.
[email protected]
Mahoney, Matt
Bayer CropScience
[email protected]
Maier, Chris
UDSA-Forest Service
[email protected]
Malinoski, Mary Kay
UMD Extension
[email protected]
Malone, Darrin
DuPont
[email protected]
Malone, Sean
VA Tech
[email protected]
Marks, Brandon
Clarion - Rooms Manager
[email protected]
Mathews, Clarissa
[email protected]
McAllister, Ray
Shepherd University/Redbud Farm CropLife America
Meck, Michelle
LABServices
[email protected]
Meneley, Jan
AgBio
[email protected]
Mizell, Russ
UFL
[email protected]
Moore, Guy
Larriland Farm
[email protected]
Myers, Clayton
US Environmental Protection Agency Northeast IPM Center
[email protected]
[email protected]
Nielsen, Anne
California League of Food Processors Michigan State University
O'Neill, Jeff
Central Life Sciences
[email protected]
Orr, Mark
Orr Bros. Tree Fruit
[email protected]
Pagac, Benedict
Army Public Health Command
[email protected]
Park, Yong-Lak
WVU
[email protected]
Patton, Terry
UMD
[email protected]
Pfeiffer, Doug
VA Tech
[email protected]
Polk, Dean
Rutgers
[email protected]
Poulos, James
Technology Transfer, ARS
[email protected]
Ramsey, Amanda
Scentry Biologicals
[email protected]
Rane, Karen
UMD
[email protected]
Raupp, Mike
UMD
[email protected]
Reissig, Harvey
Cornell
[email protected]
Rice, Eric
Country Pleasures
[email protected]
Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar
Rutgers University
[email protected]
Rogers, Ted
USDA-ARS-OPMP
[email protected]
Rose, Robyn
USDA-APHIS
[email protected]
Luster, Doug
Myers, Elizabeth Neenan, Rob
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
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Name
Affiliation
Email
Roy, Michele
[email protected]
Rozyne, Michael
Quebec Ministry of Agriculture Red Tomato
Samuel-Foo, Michelle
IR-4
[email protected]
Saunders, Mike
Penn State University
[email protected]
Schumacher, Dave
Hercon Environmental
[email protected]
Scorza, Cameron
USDA-ARS-AFRS
[email protected]
Seetin, Mark
US Apple
[email protected]
Shannon, Mark
Suterra
[email protected]
Shearer, Peter
Oregon State University
[email protected]
Shenot, Rob
[email protected]
Short, Brent
Shenot Farms, PA Veg Growers Assoc USDA-ARS-AFRS
Shrewsbury, Paula
University of Maryland
[email protected]
Soergel, Deonna
Penn State university
[email protected]
Spichiger, Sven-Erik
PA Dept of Agriculture
[email protected]
Stamm, Greg
CBC America
[email protected]
Starner, Van
IR-4
[email protected]
Steffel, Jim
LABServices
[email protected]
Stevens, Charlie
Valent, USA
[email protected]
Strube, Andrew
Strube's Stink Bug Traps
[email protected]
Szendrei, Zsofia
MSU
[email protected]
Tatman, Kathleen
USDA-ARS-Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit Office of Congressman Roscoe Bartlett Penn State University
[email protected]
[email protected]
Vargas, Chad
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Adelsheim Vineyard
Villanassery Joseph, Shimat
Virginia Tech
[email protected]
Vining, Marvin
Nat'l Grape Coop
[email protected]
Volker, Kurt
TKI NovaSource
[email protected]
Walgenbach, Jim
University of North Carolina
[email protected]
Weber, Donald
USDA-ARS-BARC
[email protected]
Weigle, Tim
NYS IPM Program, Cornell
[email protected]
Welty, Celeste
[email protected]
Wise, John
Ohio State University Extension Michigan State University
Whalen, Joanne
UDEL Extension
[email protected]
Wiles, Sean
USDA-ARS-AFRS
[email protected]
Willet, Mike
NW Horticultural Council
[email protected]
Wright, Starker
USDA-ARS-AFRS
[email protected]
Zhang, Aijun
USDA-ARS-BARC
[email protected]
Zhang, Quing-He
Sterling International, Inc.
[email protected]
Taylor, Sallie Timer, Jody Ure, Brian
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
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Executive Summary The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) continues to spread throughout the United States. Officially, BMSB has been detected in 36 states and the District of Columbia. The largest populations continue to persist in PA, NJ, DE, MD, WV, and VA; each documented severe losses in crops and serious nuisance problems from BMSB in 2010 and continued problems in 2011. Established populations also exist in CA, CT, IN, KY, MA, NH, NC, NY, OH, OR, and TN, though crop losses have not yet been reported. In addition, BMSB has been detected in AL, AZ, FL,GA, IA, IL, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NM, RI, TX, SC, VT, WA and WI. The fourth formal BMSB Working Group meeting was held at the Alson H. Smith Agricultural and Research and Extension Center (AREC) facility in Winchester, VA on November 29, 2010. Research and extension personnel from USDA-ARS, Rutgers University, Penn State University, Cornell University, North Carolina State University, Oregon State University, Ohio State University, University of Maryland, and Virginia Tech, as well as commercial research industry professionals, commercial and organic growers, and USDA-APHIS, EPA- IR-4, and Northeastern IPM Center attended the meeting. Participants delivered presentations discussing the impact of BMSB in agriculture and the human environment. Over 80 people were in attendance, and the overall BMSB Working Group membership continues to increase. During the meeting, members related that BMSB discussed the fact that BMSB continues to be a significant agricultural problem with injury being recorded in tree fruit, vegetables, row crops, small fruit, and grape in the mid-Atlantic. In bordering states such as NC, OH, and NY, agricultural problems have not been reported, though established populations are now present. Season-long pressure was documented in much of the midAtlantic on tree fruit. Sweet corn was identified as a very attractive host for BMSB in MD, VA, WV and other locations. Large populations were also found on invasive plant species including Tree-of-Heaven and Paulownia tomentosa throughout the region. Nymphal presence in flats of blueberries harvested mechanically was discussed. Insecticide trials have been conducted by a number of researchers with certain products showing good efficacy against BMSB. Among the tree fruit community, there was a discussion that led to the recommendation that a Section 18 be pursued for bifenthrin if EPA determines that there is room in the risk cup for new uses. Throughout the mid-Atlantic, there appeared to be an overall decrease in the size of the overwintering population compared with 2010. Estimates of the 2011 overwintering population indicate that it may be between 10-15% of that observed in 2010. The reason for the late-season decline in populations is unknown, but researchers pointed to several weather-related events including a period of drought followed by several tropical storm events and cooler temperatures. The BMSB IPM Working Group is planning to meet at least once in 2012 to review existing and establish new priorities as well as provide updates on research, outreach, and regulatory topics.
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BMSB Working Group Meeting Oral Presentation Summaries November 29, 2011 Tracy Leskey: Opening Remarks and Map Distribution Update • • •
Welcome to all participants. One two-day meeting proposed for 2012 Mike Raupp asked the group to consider the question whether BMSBs probe/bite. Often brought up by the public. John Tooker confirmed that Steve Jacobs is working with Penn State medical personnel to examine effects of BMSB probing/bites and exposure.
George Hamilton: Population Trends in New Jersey During 2011 • • • • •
• • •
2011: Texas and New Mexico added to states with BMSB detection 1st damage on peppers reported in New York California BMSB presence believed to be limited to L.A. county 2010: New Jersey importers had questions about import rejections in Europe due to presence of BMSB in shipments Blacklight trap captures in NJ primarily in southwestern part of state until July. Populations declined at end of August, first part of September o First catch- June 8th o Apparent Peak- July 23-27 Correlation found between baited trap and blacklight captures o Apparent peak- August 10 No reports of damage in North Jersey Previous years had reports of BMSB in northwest NJ but not seen in the same manner this season
Peter Jentsch: Surveying the BMSB in New York State • • • • • • • • •
Requested specimens from public to survey of BMSB presence in state. 33 NYS counties sent in specimens totaling 232 live bugs (90.6% confirmed as BMSB) Looking to overlay invasive species locations in state with BMSB presence in state 2010 and 2011 = Very few BMSB captured in baited pyramid traps Some adults and nymphs found in pepper planting in Marlboro, NY Found BMSB on maple, ash, and tree of heaven Most BMSB seem to be in lower Hudson Valley Used modified universal moth trap top to improve speed of trap check Agricultural monitoring in 28 farms using modified Tedders traps and light traps
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Greg Krawczyk: PA Updates • • • • • • • • •
The bugs do not appear to be prevalent everywhere in the state. Southern part of state has many more bugs Essentially no trap captures until August in 2011, but BMSB observed in visual assessments Many BMSB found in soybean field neighboring trap in border of apple but did not catch much in the trap; no BMSB damage observed in those apples Pyrethroids had greatest residual control of 2nd instars; based on class of chemistry Lannate performed very poorly in terms of damage reduction in apples Increases seen in ERM, SJS and WAA Apparent need for targeted BMSB sprays for control in addition to conventional spray programs Pyrethroids tested only on nymphs Jon Tooker (Field Crop Entomologist Penn St.)- In conjunction with the PA Department of Agriculture, PSU has created stinkbug-info.org as a reporting tool for BMSB presence and activity.
Kathy Kamminga: Seasonal Biology and Landscape Ecology Observations on BMSB in VA in 2011 •
• • • •
3-min. visual survey of nymphs and adults on many plants o Paulownia, mimosa, redbud, mulberry, black walnut, tree of heaven, wild cherry, crepe myrtle, catalpa = primary hosts Most eggs: tree of heaven, paulownia, mulberry. Most adults: sweet corn Most BMSB found on non-native hosts Evidence suggests that there is one generation per year in Blacksburg based on plant samples and Degree Day accumulation
Doo-Hyung Lee: Preliminary Survey for Overwintering Sites of BMSB •
• •
Movement to overwintering sites (dead trees) starting around 1st to 2nd week of October from feeding sites (live trees): determined by surveying orchards adjacent to wood lots Cooperative project being developed with APHIS to use dogs to detect BMSB presence in the natural landscape. Commonalities in natural overwintering site – all bugs found in standing/leaning, dry, porous, dead trees found in generally in open areas, and at high elevation
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Group Discussion: Population Density/Apparent Increases & Decreases •
Delaware o Fewer than in 2010
•
Pennsylvania o Spread throughout the state, but populations lower overall than in 2010
•
New Jersey o Some areas greater, and some lower compared with 2010
•
Maryland o Increased (5-10X) in blacklight captures and noticeably higher on Delmarva peninsula. o Overall, late season populations down.
•
Virginia o Increase populations in soybeans, new county presence recorded, but still seemingly patchy throughout state.
•
West Virginia o Despite season-long pressure in cropping systems, observed apparent lateseason decline in populations possibly due to abiotic factors. o Although a second generation recorded in field cage studies, development was ~one month behind 2010.
•
New York o No damaging populations, most reports in the Hudson valley. o After Hurricane, more BMSB observed.
•
North Carolina o Few observed in agricultural settings, primarily in urban settings but not many bugs overall
•
Ohio o Found 1 in 2010 and 18 in 2011 in baited pyramid traps with 85% in Columbus area (seen in soybean fields)
Ames Herbert: Soybean Insect Pest Management Update • • • • • •
Soybeans susceptible at R4 stage. Injury leads to flat pod, deformed seed and stay-green injury to border Heaviest infestations seen where fields border Tree of Heaven Heavy infestations also when bordering corn Mostly localized to edge of fields Growers spraying single boom width of edge of field 10
• • •
BMSB doesn’t appear to cause injury that is different than that inflicted native stink bugs R4 more susceptible than R6 On cotton, native stink bugs attracted to 1.8 cm (growing seed) boll and up to 3.2 cm (anything larger is too tough); however 1.8 cm bolls may not be as attractive to BMSB as more damage seen on largest (3.2 cm) boll…however not currently seeing BMSB in cotton in VA
Shimat Joseph: Incidence of BMSB feeding Injury in Eastern Tree Fruits: Temporal Effects • •
Severity of fruit exposed in August was highest Full season management of BMSB necessary
Stanton Gill: Results of Greenhouse and High Tunnel Monitoring for BMSB • • • •
Feed on herbaceous perennials, but not a lot of injury No problems in commercial greenhouses/high tunnels from BMSB and none captured in traps After hurricane, BMSB found in high tunnel when previously only found outside BMSB do not seem to like greenhouses. In experimental greenhouses bugs had to be continually reintroduced because they would die o Why? (UV light? Humidity? Other?)
Chris Bergh: Small-plot trials for managing BMSB Injury in Tree Fruits • • • • • • •
High mite populations observed in Lannate and Belay treatments High WAA populations in Vydate and Venom treatments Supression of SJS with pyrethroids except Danitol, no suppression by Vydate or Thionex Best control from Venom (repeated applications of one material), then Leverage, Danitol, Baythroid. Thionex, Vydate and Lannate very similar to untreated control as well as Declare was poor. In-seasonal apple programs, mites may have been flared by Intrepid + Assail, Esteem seemed to suppress SJS Increased BMSB injury higher in canopy of trees, no real differences between programs
Dean Polk: BMSB Management in NJ Tree Fruit • • • •
More injury observed below surface of fruit than visible on surface of peaches No differences observed in trap type comparisons in peaches Possible interaction between BMSB damage and Brown Rot Disconnect exists between monitoring and damage 11
Andrew Strube: Progress and Future of Strube’s Commercial Stink Bug Traps • • •
Caught lots of BMSB at Tom Haas’ Cherry Hill Orchards with fluorescent light and sticky panels Observation that he believes BMSB are less attracted to UV light than fluorescent light Apparent peak capture for season in Walkersville at about 2-3am (73 degrees F and humid)
Jim Jasinski: BMSB Trapping Network and Results in Ohio 2011 • •
•
Captured 18 total BMSB in 2011 pyramid baited traps Captured 148 BMSB in blacklight traps and bugs were captured from May-Sept. with the highest captures being in July o Spiked in mid-July at 18 BMSB No reports of damage yet to fruit or vegetables
Starker Wright: Integrating Olfactory and Visual Stimuli as Attractants • •
• • • • •
Baited pyramid traps not attractive to BMSB adults during most of growing season #10 experimental lure capturing far more BMSB than other experimental treatments in pyramid traps. Only based on late-season use (verification needed for of early season attractiveness) Light trials proving to be promising (optimal intensity and wavelength found to catch 200-400X more bugs than unbaited traps) Early season attraction to light still must be confirmed After middle of September there is no response to light Tracy Leskey explained that agreements will be established with other institutions to collaborate in testing of #10 experimental lure in trapping studies Next step: to combine visual and olfactory stimuli with a more effective capture mechanism in hopes of producing a season-long monitoring tool
Doug Inkley: The Efficacy of Outdoor Traps; Location, Placement, and Timing • • • •
Found BMSB in entire garden; not just edge of plots Tested Rescue trap; found if fins of trap touch vegetation, catch increases Removed 56000+ BMSB but still had terrible damage to garden Major damage = asparagus, tomato, apple
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Jan Meneley: Trap Catch in Soybeans • • • •
Small yellow Dead Inn traps on ground do not capture nymphs Elevated Dead Inn trap did capture nymphs Venting of jar top can increased trap capture, but also needed kill strip Has improved formulation of attractant (P. stali) o New formulation caught 2X more bugs than original formulation
Tom Kuhar: Update on Insecticide Efficacy on Vegetable Crops • •
•
Testing supercooling point of BMSB as part of research program; data not presented Research on BMSB control in vegetables through a green bean dip bioassay and field efficacy trials on peppers of selected insecticides indicates some of the most promising chemicals against BMSB for vegetables o Permethrin, Scorpion, Bifenture were the best Rimon and Dimilin bioassay o egg dip is ineffective at killing eggs o bean and carrot dip- nymphs exposed did not molt o adult female fed on Rimon- and Dimilin-dipped beans and carrots- did not die, and still producing fertile eggs
Brent Short: Field Evaluations of Residual Chemical Efficacy Against the BMSB • •
Goal was to discover which chemicals will remain toxic to BMSB the longest on trees in the field Chemical residual efficacy factors: o Rate o Coverage o Chemistry- type/class of chemical used o Precipitation- decreased residual efficacy of all chemicals o Adjuvant- increased residual efficacy of chemicals (especially Thionex) o Bug health- overwintered adults are weaker and can be controlled by weaker chemistries compared with newly molted adults
Group Discussion: Improving Traps and Lures • • • • •
Most existing types of trapping and monitoring considered poor. Targeted population for monitoring/trapping considered to be adults over nymphs, but nymphs still important Some believe sweep netting is not worth continuing- did not prove to be an effective monitoring tool Need to determine the best use of methyl decatrienoate lures Possibly need different strategy for each crop 13
•
Question of competitiveness of lure used within cropping (if bugs are already on something they like is pheromone competitive enough to draw them off the host?)
Edith Lurvey: IR-4 Efficacy Study • • •
Tested Dinotefuran and Etofenprox with and without PBO (chemical synergist) on peppers, peaches, apples, sweet corn and raspberries No statistically significant differences found between any treatment on any crop (only numerical differences) IR-4 will not be funding any research in 2012
Carrie Koplinka-Loehr and Elizabeth Myers: Outreach and Communication Strategies for Our BMSB Project • • • •
Funding opportunities: Regional IPM Grants and IPM Partnership Grants Program supported through USDA NIFA Surveys will be used to determine what changes growers have made based on knowledge obtained Surveys will focus on growers and not homeowners
Doug Pfeiffer: Using Scholar to Manage BMSB Information and Communication • • • • •
Scholar login page: scholar.vt.edu Can set up academic course work and project management sites in Scholar If you lose your password it can be reset from the site and a new password will be emailed to your registered email address Resource for presentations, articles and media associated with BMSB as uploaded by enrolled participants Aim of Scholar: to share information among researchers, industry, and stakeholders
Clayton Myers: Regulatory Update • • • • • • • • •
Agency published a cumulative risk assessment for pyrethroids to allow assessments of new uses Agency has to review aggregate risk in the “risk cup” Problem with bifenthrin is risk cup is filled by residential-related uses; driven by risk to children at athletic field and parks Questions remain regarding registrations over what species and in which states More testing with synergists and pyrethroids Need rate testing on bifenthrin Do not know reasoning for 30-d treatment intervals for bifenthrin Group wants to pursue Section 18 on bifenthrin in apple and peach Still need request of registration to IR-4 of dinotefuran on apple (renewal of Section 18) 14
Group Discussion: Standardizing Rearing Methodology • • • • • • • •
•
Use organic vegetables (beans, zucchini, apples, grapes, carrots, peanuts) Seed paper- brown paper with wall paper glue, sprinkle sunflower and buckwheat seeds on, and cut into little squares when dry No food until 1st instars move off of the egg mass (just water- soaked dental wicks) Maintain twice weekly, but remove egg masses on a daily basis Live plant materials (cuttings or whole plants) work best for egg rearing/hatching: cotton, paulownia, beans, butterfly bush. Rain-X can be used to deter them from surfaces No more than 30 adults per Bug Dorm, nymphs can be kept in small plastic containers with mesh top Ideal abiotic conditions o Temperature- approx. 75 F or 24 C o Humidity- 60-70% (anything over 70% encourages mold) o Light/Dark cycle- 16:8 (light:dark) Fall collection- bugs will begin to feed within 2 weeks and egg laying will begin in 6 weeks
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