ALS-inhibitor-Tolerance in Sugar Beet

An innovative concept in weed control ALS-inhibitor-Tolerance in Sugar Beet Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Hain Bayer CropScience AG Frankfurt/Main, Germany Ou...
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An innovative concept in weed control

ALS-inhibitor-Tolerance in Sugar Beet

Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Hain Bayer CropScience AG Frankfurt/Main, Germany

Outline

The concept of ALS-inhibitor Tolerance in Sugar Beet Basics about the ALS-inhibitor Tolerance • •

How it was found How it was integrated into high yielding hybrids

The ALS-inhibitor Herbicides Concept •

What do we expect from this technology?

Timeline Comparison with other Herbicide Tolerance concepts, e.g. Clearfield® & Roundup® Weed resistance management

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What should we understand by ALS-inhibitor Tolerance in Sugar Beet?

Dedicated Herbicide** based on ALS-inhibitor a.i.s

** broad efficacy against all major weeds

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+

Modern Sugar Beet Hybrids*

* varieties completely tolerant to ALS-inhibitor herbicide

Basics of ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Tolerance



The concept is based on changes in the gene for acetolactate

synthase, which happen naturally, but rarely, during cell division



The tolerance was not created, but occurred spontaneously in cultivated sugar beet cell cultures



Out of 1.5 billon cells one single herbicide tolerant cell was detected, which formed the basis for the development of the new system.

This is equivalent to one single sugar beet plant out of 15.000 ha beet production

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Basics of ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Tolerance

In ALS-inhibitor Tolerant sugar beets the ALS-inhibiting herbicide



can not bind with ALS enzyme responsible for production of essential amino acids, production of proteins is not blocked therefore sugar beet continues growing normally Substrate

Plant lives Enzyme

Herbicide

Herbicide cannot bind Substrate

Plant lives Enzyme Substrate

Substrate cannot bind

Herbicide

Plant dies Enzyme

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Enzyme

Basics of ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Tolerance



The resistant sugar beet cells were selected in cell and tissue cultures and subsequently regenerated to sugar beet plants



This new plant is the “donor” in the backcrossing method, to transmit the characteristic in the existing gene pool

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Principle of marker assisted backcrossing

Elite line

Wild-type, resistance donor

Initial recombination

x

Gene with the desired tolerance

50% Backcrossing

Desired genotypes (converted lines)

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x Undesired genotypes

The ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Concept

Active ingredients: The herbicide will contain per liter:



50g Foramsulfuron (FSN)



+

30g Thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM)

Leaf and residual activity: Foramsulfuron is mainly a leaf contact herbicide whereas Thiencarbazone-methyl is working both via leaf and in the soil with residual effect



Formulation type: It will be a liquid product formulated as an oil dispersion

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The ALS-inhibitor Herbicide Concept



Dose rate: Target dose rate per season limited to 1,0L/ha, applied

as a single spray or as a split of two treatments in a time period of approx. 14 days 

Spray timing: Application between cotyledon stage and 8 leaves of sugar beet. The optimum for an application is reached at the 1-3

leaf stage of weeds 

Additives: No oils or additives have to be tank mixed to activate the herbicide



Mixtures: due to the broad control spectrum

in most cases there is no need for mixtures. But if needed FSN+TCM can be easily combined with other herbicides (e.g. for weed resistance management)

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What do we expect from this new technology?

The combination of two complementary active ALS-inhibitors in one product leads to:

Very broad efficacy in control of annual broadleaved weeds and all major annual grass weeds

Suppression of the main perennials emerging in sugar beet

Suppression or complete control of volunteers such as oilseed rape, sugar beet, cereals, sunflower and potato (except ALSI tolerant varieties)

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What do we expect from this new technology?

The combination of leaf-active and residual control components in one highly active product results in:

Fewer herbicide applications compared to conventional methods: season long control with only 1-2 applications

Lower application rate, less release of herbicidal active substances into the environment

A wide and flexible window for herbicidal applications

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What do we expect from this new technology?



Crop safety: 

No impact on crop development since 100%-tolerance to corresponding Foramsulfuron + Thiencarbazone containing herbicide



Full utilization of yield potential

ALSI tolerant hybrid

-------------------------Susceptible normal hybrid Untreated 12

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2,0L/ha 1,0L/ha 4,0L/ha FSN+TCM co-formulation

What do we expect from this new technology?

Most important weeds species in European sugar beet under control Less Susceptible Weeds

Susceptible Weeds Agropyron repens

Echinochloa crus-galli (18)

Sorghum halepense

Alopecurus myosuroides (8)

Poa annua (3)

Triticum aestivum

Aethusa cynapium (10)

Fumaria officinalis (7)

Galisoga ciliata

Amaranthus lividus (2)

Galium aparine (18)

Galisoga parviflora (3)

Amaranthus retroflexus (19)

Hibiscus trionum

Geranium dissectum

Ambrosia elatior (2)

Lamium amplexicaule (4)

Helianthus annus

Ammi majus (2)

Lamium purpureum (22)

Senecio vulgaris (8)

Anagallis arvensis (8)

Matricaria chamomilla (32)

Sinapis arvensis (2)

Anthemis arvensis (2)

Matricaria sp. (2)

Solanum nigrum (15)

Brassica napus (6)

Mercurialis annua (10)

Sonchus arvensis (2)

Capsella bursa pastoris (6)

Papaver rhoeas

Sonchus asper (3)

Chenopodium album (75)

Polygonum aviculare (17)

Sissymbrium officinalis

Chenopodium hybridum (4)

Polygonum convolvulus (56)

Stellaria media (18)

Chenopodium polyspermum

Polygonum lapathifolium (8)

Thlaspi arvense (11)

Datura stramonium (2)

Polygonum persicaria (16)

Urtica urens (5)

Descurainia sophia (2)

Portulaca oleracea

Viola arvensis (25)

Euphorbia helioscopia

Raphanus raphanistrum

Cirsium arvense (5) Veronica hederifolia (2)

Veronica persica (26)

() = number of efficacy results

Weed control efficacy of a 2x treatment of 25g/ha FSN + 15gai/ha TCM, corresponding to 2x0,5L/ha, in herbicide tolerant sugar beet, assessment at row closure, 89 trials, Europe, 2006-2012 13

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VERPE (26)

CIRAR (5)

CHEAL (75)

STEME (18)

POLAV (17)

MERAN (10)

AMARE (19)

VIOAR (25)

POLPE (16)

SOLNI (15)

POLCO (56)

ANGAR (8)

MATCH (32)

CHEHY (4)

URTUR (5)

AETCY (10)

SONAS (3)

LAMPU (22)

GALAP (18)

THLAR (11)

BRSNW (6)

POLLA (8)

FUMOF (7)

SINAR (2)

SENVU (8)

LAMAM (4)

CAPBP (6)

ECHCG (18)

POAAN (3)

ALOMY (8)

% efficacy assessed at row closure

What do we expect from this new technology?

Weed control efficacy of a 2x treatment of 25g/ha FSN + 15gai/ha TCM, corresponding to 2x0,5L/ha, in herbicide tolerant sugar beet, 30 most important weed species, 89 trials, Europe, 2006-2012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Experimental ALS-inhibitor Tolerant Hybrid

Weed control performance in a field with strong Chenopodium / Amaranthus infestation

ALSI tolerant hybrid untreated 15

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ALSI tolerant hybrid + FSN/TCM 2x0,5L/ha

Experimental ALS-inhibitor Tolerant Hybrid

Weed control performance in a field with strong Polygonum convolvulus / Chenopodium album infestation

ALSI tolerant hybrid untreated 16

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ALSI tolerant hybrid + FSN/TCM 2x0,5L/ha

Experimental ALS-inhibitor Tolerant Hybrid

Weed control performance in a field with strong Sonchus infestation

ALSI tolerant hybrid untreated 17

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ALSI tolerant hybrid + FSN/TCM

When should the new system be available in the market?



The system will be made available to local crop institutes and

consulting partners in the next years to jointly verify ways to further optimize cultivation practices in sugar beet 

The authorization procedure of both components, varieties and herbicide, will be synchronized



It is intended to develop the technology in all relevant sugar beet markets 2012 2001 Start basic research

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Patent & Pressrelease

Development & Evaluation trials

2017–2020

Approval & Market launch

Is this the same system as Clearfield®?



The basic idea is similar: 



But the result is different: 





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What is involved is the use of an ALS-inhibitor herbicide in a non-genetically modified, herbicide tolerant crop Due to the nature of the crop, in sugar beet the harvest takes place before plants enter the flowering stage. This means there is no pollen flow and no seed production; therefore little risk of presence of volunteer beet seeds on harvested field and no spreading of seeds by contaminated harvesters FSN+TCM offers an almost complete control spectrum, under normal conditions no need for a mixing partner or sequence application with other herbicides FSN+TCM as a herbicide product with well-balanced foliar and residual activity ensures continuous weed control with lower dependency on soil moisture status

What if we compare this technology with Roundup®?



It is a non-GMO solution, it corresponds to a natural selection and

conventional breeding



By the combination of foliar activity and residual activity components in the soil, fewer sprayings should be necessary, which

will eventually lead to savings on energy and CO2 reductions



Lower release of herbicidal active substances into the environment



Possible sugar beet yield decrease generated by residues of ALS herbicides commonly used in other crops can be avoided

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Weed resistance management



Permanent utilization of herbicides with the same mode of action in all crops during crop rotation produces a higher selection pressure.



This is also the case for herbicides inhibiting the ALS, therefore principles of integrated weed management should be followed:   





Well-ordered crop rotation Use of different herbicidal mode of actions across crop rotation Change of active substance or tank mixture ALS inhibitors with other mode of action Adequate soil cultivation and cropping records

Weed species, which can develop resistance rapidly, should be observed considering several aspects, e.g.:    

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Genetic variability within the species Emergence and growth properties Population size Seed production and persistence of the seeds

Conclusion

Broad weed control spectrum

Complete tolerance

Effective weed management

Fewer herbicide applications

Utilize full yield potential

Successful beet production

Wide & flexible application window

Efficient and convenient weed control

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Thank you for your attention!

Backup slide 13 & 14

EPPO code

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AETCY

English name Fool´s parsley

Latin name Aethusa cynapium

ALOMY

Blackgrass

Alopecurus myosuroides

AMARE

Common amarant

Amaranthus retroflexus

ANGAR

Scarlet pimpernel

Anagallis arvensis

BRSNW

oilseed rape

Brassica napus

CAPBP

Shepherd’s purse

Capsella bursa-pastoris

CHEAL

Common lambsquarters

Chenopodium album

CHEHY

Maple-leaved goosefoot

Chenopodium hybridum

CIRAR

Creeping thistle

Cirsium arvense

ECHCG

Cockspur

Echinochloa crus-galli

FUMOF

Common fumitory

Fumaria officinalis

GALAP

Cleavers

Galium aparine

LAMAM

Henbit dead-nettle

Lamium amplexicaule

LAMPU

Red dead-nettle

Lamium purpureum

MATCH

Scented mayweed

Matricaria chamomilla

MERAN

Annual mercury

Mercurialis annua

POAAN

Annual meadowgrass

Poa annua

POLAV

Knotgrass

Polygonum aviculare

POLCO

Black bindweed

Fallopia convolvulus

POLLA

Pale persicaria

Polygonum lapathifolia

POLPE

Redshank

Polygonum persicaria

SENVU

Common groundsel

Senecio vulgaris

SINAR

Charlock

Sinapis arvensis

SOLNI

Black nightshade

Solanum nigrum

SONAS

Prickly sow-thistle

Sonchus asper

STEME

Common chickweed

Stellaria media

THLAR

Field pennycress

Thlaspi arvense

URTUR

Annual nettle

Urtica urens

VERPE

Common field speedwell

Veronica persica

VIOAR

Field pansy

Viola arvensis

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