Air Pollution and Our Children s Health

Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health What air pollution does to kids Drives the inception of asthma in first year Air Pollution and Our Children...
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Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

What air pollution does to kids Drives the inception of asthma in first year

Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

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What air pollution does to kids Triggers asthma exacerbations

Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

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What air pollution does to kids Contributes to chronic lung damage

Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

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What air pollution does to kids Affects all mucous membranes

Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

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What air pollution does to kids Damages the stratum corneum

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Environmental Exposures Environmental Allergens, Infections, Tobacco Smoke Exposures:

Normal Lung Function

Inception of Asthma

Mild Asthma

“Triggers”

Severe Asthma

Genetic Factors: Atopy, Airway Hyperreactivity Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

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Th-1 & Th-2 Phenotypes

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Environmental Exposures as Switching Agents: •  •  •  •  •  • 

Rural Environment Crowded living conditions Older siblings present Early on in day care Early exposure to animals TB, Hep A, Measles infection

Th-1

Protective Immunity

•  •  •  •  •  • 

Urban environment Air pollution Maternal smoking Western lifestyle Antibiotic exposure Dust mites, cockroaches

Th-2

Atopy Busse, NEJM 344:350-362, 2000

Childhood Asthma Rates on the Rise

1 in 3 in Fresno County Fresno County is the Asthma Capital of the state www.Fresno Bee.com Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

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Childhood Asthma Rates on the Rise More than 1 in 5 children in the valley have asthma-the highest level in the state www.fresnobee.com

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Childhood Asthma Rates on the Rise

13% nationwide National Center Healthcare Statistics MMWR Report, 2005

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Childhood Asthma Rates on the Rise

Up 247% in U.S. 1980-2005 National Center Healthcare Statistics MMWR Report, 2005

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Let’s review the pollutants

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Federal Clean Air Act 1990 • The Fed’s set the standards for harmful pollutants • 188 listed • All affect respiratory system • Many are carcinogens Air Pollution and Our Children’s Health

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some examples… Asbestos Beryllium Mercury Benzene Coke Oven Emissions Vinyl Chloride Radionuclides - Radioactive Elements

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National Ambient Air Quality Standards • PM – Particulate Matter –  PM Coarse 2.3-10 µg –  PM fine