AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science

AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Annual Report 2009 Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszic...
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AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science

Annual Report 2009 Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszica Wydział Fizyki i Informatyki Stosowanej

Raport Roczny 2009

WYDZIAŁ FIZYKI I INFORMATYKI STOSOWANEJ

Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Wydział Fizyki i Informatyki Stosowanej AGH Dean prof. dr hab. inż. Wojciech Łużny

Deputy Dean for General Affairs prof. dr hab. inż. Marek Przybylski

Deputy Dean for Education dr hab. Andrzej Lenda, prof. AGH

Deputy Dean for Student Affairs dr inż. Krzysztof Malarz

Administrative Director dr inż. Janusz Chmist

Address of the Faculty Office AGH University of Science and Technology (Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica) al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science ul. Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Building D-10

Phones +48 12 633 37 40, +48 12 617 29 53

fax +48 12 634 00 10

E-mail address [email protected], [email protected]

Web-page www.pacs.agh.edu.pl

Contents Spis treści Preface

5

Physicists – Doctors Honoris Causa of AGH University of Science and Technology, Honorary Consuls of AGH-UST and AGH-UST Honorary Professors

7

Departments, Groups and Leaders, Achievements in 2009

9

PhD Students

27

Selected results

29

Third-party funds

93

Umowy UE realizowane w 2009 Other grants

93 95

Publications

113

Conferences presentations and seminars

137

Scientific events

165

Books and book chapters Artykuły w czasopismach z listy filadelfijskiej Materiały konferencyjne zagraniczne Referaty opublikowane w Polsce Inne czasopisma

Invited lectures Contributed presentations

Habilitations and PhD defenses Organized conferences Faculty seminars

113 115 127 129 133

137 139

165 166 167

Preface Wstęp The Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science (FPACS) is one of the fifteen Faculties of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow. The origins of the Faculty are dated back to 1919, when the Academy of Mining was founded, within which the Chair of Physics was erected. It has undergone several organizational transformations until in 1991 the AGH Senate has decided to form the Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Techniques. In 2004 the name was changed to Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, accordingly to the changes in the fields of scientific and educational activity. Scientific activity of the Faculty comprises both basic and applied research in solid state physics, nuclear and elementary particles physics, medical physics and physics of the environment. There are six departments within the Faculty: 1. Department of Applied Informatics and Computational Physics (Katedra Informatyki Stosowanej i Fizyki Komputerowej) 2. Department of Applied Nuclear Physics (Katedra Zastosowań Fizyki Jądrowej) 3. Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics (Katedra Fizyki Medycznej i Biofizyki) 4. Department of Solid State Physics (Katedra Fizyki Ciała Stałego) 5. Department of Particle Interaction and Detection Techniques (Katedra Oddziaływań i Detekcji Cząstek) 6. Department of Condensed Matter Physics (Katedra Fizyki Materii Skondensowanej) All together 180 persons are employed including 130 scientists and 50 technical and administrative staff. There are 40 full professors and 75 assistant professors or post-docs. Faculty offers several degree programs leading to B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees. The undergraduate studies consist of seven-semester bachelor programs in three distinct areas: technical physics, medical physics and applied computer science. They are followed by three-semester graduate programs, leading to the M.Sc. degree in the various specialisations. Area: Medical Physics; specialisations: Dosimetry and Electronics in Medicine, Imaging and Biometrics, Area: Technical Physics; specialisations: Computer Physics, Solid State Physics, Nuclear Physics, Environmental Physics,



Area: Applied Computer Science; specialisation: Computer Techniques in Science and Technology. Faculty members teach both general physics courses and selected branches of physics for students of twelve Faculties of the AGH-UST. The teaching covers both reading lectures as well as organizing tutorials (physics problems classes) and laboratory work. Faculty’s teaching assignments for students of other faculties include both undergraduate and graduate levels. Some of lectures are offered in English. Faculty organizes complementary courses for the 1st year students of the University in physics and mathematics. The aim of the courses is to fill possible gaps in the high-school education that discourage young candidates from electing technical- and science-oriented areas of study and – for the candidates who undertook such studies – increase the efficiency of the training. Faculty hosts three four-year programs of Ph.D. Studies in Physics. The first of them are the regular Ph.D. studies in the fields related to the research interests of Faculty members, i.e. technical nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, high energy physics, nuclear electronics, environmental physics. The second Ph.D. program started on the 1st October 2009 co-organized with Cracow’s Institute of Nuclear Physics and Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry (both Institutes are units of the Polish Academy of Science – PAS). The program under the name “Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Studies (ISD): New Materials for Modern Technologies and Future Energetics” is financed by the EU Structural Funds (Program: Kapitał Ludzki). The ISD goal is training high-class specialists, with the Ph.D. degree, in fields recognized as strategically important in EU and presented under the general terms: Info, Bio, Nano and Techno. The program of the Ph.D. studies covers a wide variety of physical, chemical and technological topics in materials science and modern energetics. Finally, the third Ph.D. program run in co-operation with Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry of PAS and selected research institutes of 10 European countries is a common International PhD program in Nanoscience. The project is financed by European Union Innovative Economy Program acting via Foundation for Polish Science. It had been selected for financial support as one of three projects in the first call for the International PhD Studies Programs and started in September 2008. Research is scheduled for 4 or 5 years, of which 6 to 24 months the students will spend abroad, mostly in Western European institutes that belong to the consortium. Faculty offers also a three semester Post-diploma (part-time) Study for Teachers. The studies are intended for primary and secondary school teachers, who want to gain additional qualifications giving them right to teach: physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science, natural sciences and technical education.



Physicists – Doctors Honoris Causa of AGH University of Science and Technology Prof. Marian Mięsowicz 1979

Prof. Andrzej Oleś 1995

Prof. Michał Heller 1996

Prof. Andrzej Z. Hrynkiewicz 1999

Prof. Manuel Ricardo Ibarra 2008

Physicist – Honorary Consul of AGH-UST prof. Rolf-Dieter Heuer (General Director of CERN) 2009

Physicist – AGH-UST Honorary Professor prof. Jerzy Niewodniczański 2009



Long-term visitors October 2008-March 2009 – Advera Mwijage from Tanzania, scholarship holder UNESCO – 6 months (to K. Kułakowski) October 2009 - Sukriti Bhattacharya, PhD student from Universita Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Italy, 1 month (to K. Saeed) Mr. Christian Priesley Kofi DAGADU (to M. Lankosz / Z. Stegowski) Department of Nuclear Engineering & Material Science National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission P.O. Box Lg 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Fellowship from IAEA Vienna



Departments, Groups and Leaders, Achievements in 2009 Katedry, Zespoły i ich Kierownicy, Najważniejsze osiągnięcia w 2009 r. Department of Solid State Physics Katedra Fizyki Ciała Stałego Staff Head prof. dr hab. Kapusta Czesław, full professor

Magnetic Bulk- and Nanomaterials Group Zespół Badań Magnetycznych, Elektrycznych i Strukturalnych prof. dr hab. Kapusta Czesław, full professor dr Japa Ewa, associate professor dr Przewoźnik Janusz, associate professor dr inż. Sikora Marcin, associate professor dr Żukrowski Jan, associate professor mgr inż. Lemański Andrzej, teaching assistant mgr inż. Michalik Jan, teaching assistant dr inż. Rybicki Damian, teaching assistant mgr inż. Pilipowicz Aleksander Syrek Jolanta mgr inż. Musiał Wacław Kazała Tadeusz Bąkowski Mariusz

Magnetic, Electrical and Structural Research Group Zespół Badań Magnetycznych, Elektrycznych i Strukturalnych dr hab. Paja Antoni, associate professor dr Gondek Łukasz, associate professor dr inż. Niewolski Janusz, teaching assistant



Superconducting and Magnetic Materials Group Zespół Materiałów Nadprzewodzących i Magnetycznych prof. dr hab. Kołodziejczyk Andrzej, full professor dr hab. inż. Kozłowski Andrzej, associate professor dr hab. inż. Tarnawski Zbigniew, associate professor dr inż. Chmist Janusz, associate professor dr inż. Tokarz Waldemar, associate professor dr Woch Wiesław, associate professor mgr Zalecki Ryszard

Surface Nanostructures Group Zespół Nanostruktur Powierzchniowych prof. dr hab. Korecki Józef, full professor dr Karaś Wojciech, associate professor dr Ślęzak Tomasz, associate professor dr inż. Ślęzak Michał dr Strzelczyk Bartosz dr Zając Marcin prof. dr hab. inż. Przybylski Marek, associate professor

Activity Activity in Scientific Boards, Academies, Scientific Societies, Committees etc. A. Paja • Member of the Interdisciplinary Committee for Supporting International Scientific Cooperation at the Ministry of Science and Higher Education • Member of the Control Committee of the Cracow Division of the Polish Physical Society (finishing his term) • President of the General Control Committee of the Polish Physical Society (commencing his term) • Associate Editor of the Research Journal of Physics

Cz. Kapusta • Member of the Condensed Matter Board of the European Physical Society, since 2005. • Member of the Committee of the CMD’23 European Physical Society Conference, Warsaw, August 2010. • Chairman of the Kraków-Katowice Division of the Societas Humboldtiana Polonorum, 2004-2009.

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PROFILE Scientific activity of the Department concentrates on the studies of structural, magnetic and electronic properties and phenomena in the nano- and sub-nanometric thin films and multilayers, in the rare earth-3d element intermetallics and their interstitial solutions of hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen, in superconductors, including the HTc ones, in magnetic oxides, including the colossal - and low field magnetoresistive ones, in nanoparticle magnetic materials for MRI contrast and magnetic hyperthermia as well as in disordered metallic materials. The experimental facilities of the Department include: 1. MBE set-up for preparation and analysis of thin films and nanostructures, equipped with LEED, AES, MOKE and CEMS with UHV sample transfer possibility. 2. ARUPS-XPS spectrometer. 3. VSM, AC susceptometer, ESR spectrometer, set-up for magnetoresistance measurements with closed circle refrigerator and calorimeter for specific heat measurements in 2-300 K range. 4. X-ray diffractometer with temperature controll within 2-450 K range. 5. Physical Property Measurement System (Quantum Design model, closed circle liquifier) equipped with 9 Tesla magnet, 2-400 K (VSM: 2-1100 K) temperature range. 6. Moessbauer spectrometers (4) for 6 isotopes, 4-1000 K temperature range. 7. NMR spectrometers for proton resonance (15 MHz) and for magnetic materials, 5-1000 MHz, closed circle refrigerator, 2-300 K. The research staff of the Department extensively uses synchrotron beamlines as well as neutron and muon facilities at the laboratories abroad.

ACHIEVEMENTS • Implementation of the nuclear resonant scattering of synchron radiation for magnetic characterization of complex metal and oxide nanostructures. • Determination of the crystal field levels splitting in RPdIn (R = Ce, Pr, Nd) compounds. • Formulation of the general calculation scheme for the resistivity of binary and ternary disordered systems. • Determination of the nature of magnetostructural transition in Ca2FeReO6 with high pulsed field XMCD. • The first direct observation of lattice dynamics at the Verwey transition in magnetite. • Determination of bismuth valence in a Tl0.7Bi0.3Sr1.6Ba0.4CaCu2Oy superconductor from X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. • Determination of individual site structural, magnetic and electronic properties of a new iron(II)octacyanoniobate(IV) ferromagnet with TC 43 K.

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Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics Katedra Fizyki Medycznej i Biofizyki Staff Head prof. dr hab. inż. Lankosz Marek, associate professor

Biomedical and Environmental Research Group Zespół Badań Biomedycznych i Środowiskowych prof. dr hab. inż. Lankosz Marek, associate professor dr inż. Węgrzynek Dariusz, assistant professor dr inż. Chwiej Joanna, assistant professor dr inż. Furman Leszek, assistant professor dr inż. Samek Lucyna, assistant professor dr inż. Szczerbowska-Boruchowska Magdalena, assistant professor dr inż. Stęgowski Zdzisław, assistant professor dr inż. Dudała Joanna, teaching assistant mgr Ostachowicz Beata, teaching assistant inż. Wierzbicki Adam mgr Ostrowski Antoni mgr inż. Kochańska-Donizak Elżbieta Tomasik Ryszard

Molecular Biophysics and Bioenergetics Group Zespół Biofizyki Molekularnej i Bioenergetyki dr hab. Burda Kvetoslava, associate professor dr Fiedor Joanna, teaching assistant

Biomedical Imaging and Modeling Group Zespół Obrazowania i Modelowania dr hab. Wasilewska-Radwańska Marta, associate professor dr inż. Jung Aleksandra, assistant professor dr inż. Matusiak Katarzyna, teaching assistant dr Matuszak Zenon, assistant professor prof. dr hab. Figiel Henryk, full professor dr Turek Krzysztof, assistant professor

Moessbauer Spectroscopy Group Zespół Spektroskopii Mössbauerowskiej prof. dr hab. Dubiel Stanisław, full professor dr inż. Cieślak Jakub, assistant professor

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ACTIVITY Kvetoslava Burda • A member of the Organizing Committee of Frontiers in Modern Physics and its Applications, Held in Cracow at the Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH University of Science and Technology, 28-29 May, 2009 • A member of Scientific Council at Multidisciplinary School of Engineering in Biomedicine, AGH University of Science and Technology

Stanisław M. Dubiel • Member of Board of Polish Physical Society (2005-2009) • Fellow Institute of Physics (London) (since 2002) • Member of Research Boards of Advisers, The American Biographical Institute (since 2005)

Henryk Figiel • Member of the Main Board of the Polish Physical Society • Chairman of the Auditorial Comission od the Polish Society of Neutron Diffraction • Chairman of the Auditorial Comission od the Polish Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Association • Chairman of the board of BIOMAR Consortium • Member of the Programme Board of the Inter-Faculty School of Biomedical Engineering • Member of International Steering Committee of the International Symposia on Metal Hydrogen Systems • Member of the Advisory Board of the 40th Meeting of Polish Physicists • Member of the Scientific Committee of the Second Polish Forum - Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technology

Aleksandra Jung • Vice Chairman of the Krakow Branch of the Polish Society of Medical Physics

Marek Lankosz • Member of X-Ray Spectrometry Advisory Board (since 2008) • Member of Scientific Council of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (since 2002) • Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the International Conference on Development and Applications of Nuclear Technologies NUTECH 2011 (since 2008) • Member Committee of Nuclear Technology at the National Atomic Energy Agency (since 2009)

Zdzisław Stęgowski • Member Committee of Nuclear Technology at the National Atomic Energy Agency (since 2009) • Member of Editorial Board – Nucleonic Bulletin

Marta Wasilewska-Radwańska • Associate Editor in Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics (2008) • Polish Society of Medical Physics (PSMP), Secretary General (since 2005) • European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics (EFOMP), Chair of the Education and Training Committee (since 2007) • Member of the Committee of Medical Physics, Radiobiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Division VI Medical Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences (since 2007) and Chair of the Radiation Hygiene Commission (since 2007) • Member of the Commission (at the Ministry of Health) for standard procedures and external clinical audits in nuclear medicine (since 2009) • Member of the Editorial Board of the Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering (since 1998) • Associate Editor of the Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics (since 2008)

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Dariusz Węgrzynek • Secretary of the Organizing Committee of the International Conference on Development and Applications of Nuclear Technologies NUTECH 2011 (since 2008)

Post-graduated fellows Mr. Christian Priesley Kofi DAGADU Department of Nuclear Engineering & Material Science National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission P.O. Box Lg 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana. Fellowship from IAEA Vienna

ACHIEVEMENTS Moessbauer Spectroscopy Group • Determination with NMR techniques of a sub-lattice magnetism for sigma-FeV alloys. • Measurement and theoretical calculation of partial phonon density of states and related thermodynamic properties for a quasi-equiatomic Fe-Cr alloy in alpha and sigma phases. • Demonstration of a correlation between colour and amount of Fe-containing minerals in samples of ochres from Roussillon.

Biomedical Imaging and Modeling Group • The description of toxin removing dynamics by particular components of the “Prometheus” system. • Construction of resonance r.f. coils for low field Magnetic Resonance Imaging system

Biomedical and Environmental Research Group • Coordination of the IAEA Technical Cooperation Project RER/2/005 “Characterizing Seasonal Variations in Elemental Particulate Matter Concentrations in European Urban and Rural Areas under Different Climate Conditions”- 2009-2011 • Development of statistical methods for identification of the sources of particulate matter and determination of mass contribution. • Determination of the possible mechanisms of neuroprotective action of tacrolimus in epileptic rat brain. In light of the obtained results the neuroprotective action of FK-506 is both a result of calcineurin inhibition and direct blockade of K+ channels (calcineurin-dependent and calcineurinindependent mechanism). • Development of computer method for matrix and geometrical effects elimination in XRF micro spectroscopy of single grains

Molecular Biophysics and Bioenergetics Group • Demonstration that protonation and deprotonation processes may modify the spin state of nonheme iron on the acceptor site of photosynthetic reaction centers of type Q. • Comprehensive thermodynamic description of association of membrane proteins. • We found that tumor cells are less responsive to the topographical features of the substratum that their normal counterparts. • We showed that ionizing radiation stimulates protective mechanisms in the erythrocyte membranes.

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PROFILE The Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics was reorganized in September 2009. The part of the Nuclear Methods Group was transferred form Department of Applied Nuclear Physics to DMPB. A new established team was named Biomedical and Environmental Research Group. Also the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Group and Biomedical Imaging and Modelling Group have been merged since September 2009 following retirement of prof. Marta Wasilewska-Radwańska.. The new group named Biomedical Imaging and Modeling Group under leadership of prof. Henryk Figiel was established. The scientific profile of the group continues activities of the joined groups.

ACTIVITIES Moessbauer Spectroscopy Group Our research interests include two areas: (1) solid state physics and (2) bio-farmaceutico-medical physics. Our current activities of the former are concentrated on experimental and theoretical investigation of various physical properties of the sigma-phase in binary alloy systems (e. g. FeCr, FeV, CoCr) as well as dynamical properties of poly- and nanocrystalline bcc Fe-Cr alloys, using various experimental (e. g. Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Neutron Diffraction, Magnetometry) and theoretical (e. g. Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green’s function) methods. Regarding the latter, we are interested in forms and properties of iron present in samples of an organic origin (e. g. ferritin) as well as those having application in medicine (e.g. medicaments). Biomedical Imaging and Modeling Group The scientific subjects of the group consist of: • nuclear magnetic resonance imaging • optical imaging • modeling of physiological processes • nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging and Quality Assurance procedures. Research concerning MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is focused on the low-field imaging systems based on permanent magnets. The other research interest of the group encompasses problems related to cancer radio- and phototherapy of melanomas and free radical processes in biology. These include both experimental and theoretical investigations. The group develops mathematical modeling of selected physiological processes. It focuses especially on application of compartment modeling for extracorporeal liver support therapy. The scientific activity of the group concerns also nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging and QA (Quality Assurance) procedures and in this field designing of phantoms for static and dynamic studies was succesfuly developed..

Biomedical and Environmental Research Group The research at the Biomedical and Environmental Research Group relates to the development and application of nuclear analytical methods and examination of dynamic systems. The main topics of interest are biomedical research, environmental science, and protection of cultural heritage. Of particular importance is the investigation of the role of biomodulators in the biochemical mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progress of brain gliomas, neurodegeneration, and epilepsy. The elemental and molecular chemical micro imaging is performed with the use of the techniques based on synchrotron radiation, i.e. synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy (FTIR).

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Another research topics of interest are development and applications of methods based on X-ray micro-beams for investigating chemical element distributions in heterogeneous samples and utilization of coherent synchrotron beams in studies of living organisms. A research is conducted on utilization of coherent synchrotron beam for investigating the morphology/physiology of insectvectors transmitting malaria (anopheles mosquito) and African trypanosomiasis (glossina fly) diseases. The investigations in environmental science are connected with the influence of air pollution on cultural heritage and on urban and rural environments. Samples of air particulate matter are collected in historical buildings (churches, museums) and in urban and rural areas. Statistical methods are used for identification of possible sources of air pollutants emission. The scope of research is also application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for prediction of related physical phenomena and evolution of dynamic system. The CFD results are validated by radiotracer experiments. These methods have been applied to characterize flow in jet mixers and in hydrocyclone classifiers. The laboratory is equipped with state-of-art facilities including X-ray fluorescence and infrared confocal microscopes, multifunctional X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for localized and bulk ultra trace analysis of organic (infrared microscopy) and inorganic (X-ray fluorescence) compounds in various kinds of samples.

Department of Condensed Matter Physics Katedra Fizyki Materii Skondensowanej Head prof. dr hab. Wolny Janusz, full professor prof. dr hab. Kaprzyk Stanisław, full professor prof. dr hab. inż. Łużny Wojciech, full professor prof. dr hab. Sikora Wiesława, associate professor prof. dr hab. inż. Wierzbanowski Krzysztof, full professor prof. dr hab. inż. Zięba Andrzej, associate professor dr hab. inż. Toboła Janusz, associate professor dr hab. inż. Baczmański Andrzej, assistant professor dr hab. inż. Tarasiuk Jacek, assistant professor dr inż. Armatys Paweł, assistant professor dr inż. Bernasik Andrzej, assistant professor dr Bombik Andrzej, assistant professor dr inż. Haberko Jakub, assistant professor dr inż. Kulka Jan, assistant professor dr Nizioł Jacek, assistant professor dr Pytlik Łucjan, assistant professor dr inż. Wroński Sebastian, assistant professor mgr inż. Wawszczak Roman, teaching assistant dr inż. Wiendlocha Bartłomiej, teaching assistant Błaszczyk Władysław Skotnicki Ryszard

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Activity K. Wierzbanowski • Member of Board of review: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials (PAN) • Reviewer of Physical Review Letters (PRL) • Participation is scientific committee of the conference on Conf. on Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation: MECA SENS V – Mito, Japan (2009)

J. Wolny • Member of Committee of Crystallography, Polish Academy of Science

W. Sikora • Member of Committee of Crystallography, Polish Academy of Science

A. Zięba • Member of Main Board, Polish Physical Society • Member of Commission of Rewards and Distinctions, Polish Physical Society • Member of Section of Foundations of Metrology of Committee of Metrology and Measurement Equipment, Polish Academy of Sciences

Profile Scientific activities of the Department are mainly focused on the following topics: • Properties and symmetry analysis of selected phases of ordered structures • Studies of aperiodic structures • Deformation, recrystallisation and stress in materials • Electron structure of the solid state • Polymer research • Theory of measurement uncertainty

Achievements • Morphology studies of organic solar cells indicate strong correlation between structure and their performance. • Study of Sb as an amphoteric dopant in PbTe semiconductor. • Interpretation of Compton profiles in exotic LaFeO1-xFxAs superconductor. • Explanation of strong thermoelectric properties in Zintl phases Mo3-xRuxSb7 and Mo3Sb7-xTex. • Application of the symmetry analysis method based on the theory of group representations to construction of models describing behavior of complex social systems in different evacuation scenarios. • Analysis of recovery of polycrystalline copper in room temperature. • Method of 3-D visualization of the structure and mechanical properties of human bone on the basis of computer tomography scans • Structure refinement of different CMA.

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Department of Applied Informatics Katedra Informatyki Stosowanej Head prof. dr hab. Kułakowski Krzysztof, full professor

Complex Systems Group Zespół Układów Złożonych prof. dr hab. Kułakowski Krzysztof, full professor prof. dr hab. Maksymowicz Andrzej, full professor prof. dr hab. Spałek Józef, full professor prof. dr hab. inż. Kąkol Zbigniew, full professor dr hab. inż. Saeed Khalid, associate professor dr hab. Lenda Andrzej, associate professor dr inż. Dydejczyk Antoni, assistant professor dr inż. Gawroński Przemysław, assistant professor dr inż. Gronek Piotr, assistant professor dr inż. Krawczyk Małgorzata, assistant professor dr inż. Malarz Krzysztof, assistant professor dr inż. Wołoszyn Maciej, assistant professor mgr inż. Panasiuk Piotr, teaching assistant mgr inż. Szczepański Adam, teaching assistant dr inż. Kawecka-Magiera Barbara, senior lecturer dr inż. Malinowski Janusz, lecturer dr inż. Krupińska Grażyna, senior lecturer mgr inż. Wolak Tomasz

Theory of Nanomaterials and Nanodevices Group Zespół Teorii Nanostruktur i Nanourządzeń prof. dr hab. Bednarek Stanisław, full professor prof. dr hab. Adamowski Janusz, full professor dr hab. inż. Horzela Andrzej prof. dr hab. Jeżabek Marek, full professor dr hab. inż. Szafran Bartłomiej, assistant professor dr inż. Chwiej Tomasz, assistant professor dr inż. Spisak Bartłomiej, assistant professor

Activity Krzysztof Malarz • Member of Cracow Branch Council, Polish Physical Society - (1999-2009) • Managing Editor, Central European Journal of Physics (since 2006) • Member of the Local Organizing Committee, 40th Meeting of Polish Physicists • Member of the Scientific Council, 5th Polish Conference on Computer Games Engineering

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Józef Spałek • Member of the Science Council, Ministry of Science and  Higher Education for the period 2008-11.

Khalid Saeed • Editor-in-Chief of International Journal on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications (since 2008), Publishers: MIR Labs, USA • Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Biometrics (since 2007) Publishers: Inderscience, UK • Conference General Chair, ICBAKE 2009 – International Multi-Conference on Biometrics and Kansei Engineering, June 25-28, Cieszyn, Poland • Conference General Chair, CISIM 2009, December 9-11, Coimbatore, India • Member of International Scientific Committee, The 16th International Multiconference on Advanced Computer Systems, 14-16 October 2009, Międzyzdroje, Poland • Member of the Program Committee, The Fifth International Workshop on Artificial Neural Networks and Intelligent Information Processing (ANNIIP 2009), Italy - Milan, 4 - 5 July 2009

Zbigniew Kąkol • Vice Rector for Education • Member of Jury of the Małopolska Grant Foundation „Sapere Auso” • Member of Board of the Zielinscy Foundation of Educational Help for Young People

Krzysztof Kułakowski • Member of the Organizing and Scientific Committee, Fourth Polish Symposium of Econo- and Sociophysics, May 7-9, 2009, Rzeszów, Poland • Chair of the Organizing Committee, ICBAKE 2009 – International Multi-Conference on Biometrics and Kansei Engineering, June 25-28, Cieszyn, Poland

Guests • October 2008-March 2009 – Advera Mwijage from Tanzania, scholarship holder UNESCO – 6 months (to K. Kułakowski) • October 2009 - Sukriti Bhattacharya, PhD student from Universita Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Italy, 1 month (to K. Saeed)

Profile Research is conducted in a few threads; below the topics are mentioned which are concentrated in the Complex Systems Group. One of them is connected with the collaboration with the Departmento Fisica de Materiales at the Universidad del Pais Vasco, Spain. This research deals with modeling the stray field of amorphous microscopic wires of complex domain structure, including simulations of the process of remagnetization of these wires due to their bistability. Another research deals with modeling sociological processes in general frames of game theory. Since 2009, the subject is conducted in frames of 7FP EU on applications of complexity theory to socio-technical systems. Our contribution is based on our earlier experiences on cellular automata and complex networks, and it is a continuation of these topics. Our new direction of research is biometrics. This research area deals with the applications of computer science, in particular the pattern recognition, to the methods of human identification and verification.

Achievements A new numerical simulation of the influence of age-modified mutation rate on biological aging, with the explanation of the Mathuzalem effect.

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Department of Particle Interaction and Detection Techniques Katedra Oddziaływań i Detekcji Cząstek Staff Head prof. dr hab. Kisielewska Danuta, full professor

Elementary Particles Physics Group Zespół Fizyki Cząstek Elementarnych prof. dr hab. Kisielewska Danuta, full professor prof. dr hab. Muryn Bogdan, full professor dr hab. inż. Przybycień Mariusz, associate professor dr inż. Adamczyk Leszek, assistant professor dr inż. Bołd Tomasz, assistant professor dr inż. Grabowska-Bołd Iwona, assistant professor dr inż. Obłąkowska-Mucha Agnieszka, assistant professor dr inż. Szumlak Tomasz, assistant professor dr Szuba Janusz, teaching assistant dr inż. Ciba Krzysztof

Nuclear Electronics and Radiation Detection Group Zespół Elektroniki Jądrowej i Detekcji Promieniowania prof. dr hab. inż. Dąbrowski Władysław, full professor dr hab. inż. Idzik Marek, assistant professor prof. dr hab. Jeleń Kazimierz, full professor dr inż. Fiutowski Tomasz, assistant professor dr inż.. Hottowy Paweł, assistant professor dr inż. Kowalski Tadeusz, assistant professor dr inż. Mindur Bartosz, assistant professor dr inż. Skoczeń Andrzej, assistant professor dr inż. Świentek Krzysztof, assistant professor dr inż. Wiącek Piotr, assistant professor mgr Aguilar Jonathan, research assistant mgr Ambalathankandy Prasoon, research assistant mgr Imran Ahmed Mohammed, research assistant mgr Koperny Stefan, teaching assistant mgr inż. Dwużnik Michał, research assistant mgr inż. Prochal Bogusław Filipek Wiesław Jędrzejowski Franciszek Pieron Jacek Tora Tadeusz

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Activity K. Jeleń • Head of AGH Centre of Energy Studies (from 2009) • Member of Scientific Council of the Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (2008-2011) • Member of Scientific Council of the Institute of Atomic Energy POLATOM (2008-2011) • Chairmen of Scientific Council of Małopolska & Podkarpacie Clean Energy Cluster (from 2009) • Member of Council for Atomic Energy Matters of National Atomic Energy Agency (2009-2012) • Member of Monitoring Committee EURATOM Fission – National Contact Point.

D. Kisielewska • Member of the Physics Committee of III Department of Polish Academy of Sciences (2007-2010) • Member of Scientific Council of The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (2008-2011) • Member of Scientific Council of The Andrzej Sołtan Institute for Nuclear Studies (2008-2011) • Member of High Energy Physics Committee of Council for Atomic Energy Matters of National Atomic Energy Agency (2009-2012) • Member of Central Committee of the Scientific Degrees (2007-2010)

W. Dąbrowski • Member of the Consortium Council of the National Centre for Hadron Radioteraphy. • Member of the editorial board of the Journal of Instrumentation. • Member of the editorial board of the Nukleonika journal • Member of the International Advisory Committee of the Seventh Ineternational Meeting on Front End Electronics for Particle Physics, Photon Science, and Related Applications, Long Island, New York, May 18-21, 2009.

M. Przybycień • Member of the Local Organizing Committee of The 2009 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, 16-22 July 2009, Krakow, Poland.

Achievements • Measurement of charged and neutral current deep inelastic scattering cross sections with a longitudinally polarized electron beam at HERA (ZEUS experiment) • Measurement of the longitudinal proton structure function at HERA (ZEUS experiment) • Commissioning of the Semiconductor Tracker and the Transition Radiation Detector in the ATLAS experiment at CERN (as member of the ATLAS Collaboration) • Design and manufacturing of new front-end chip ABCN25 for readout of silicon strip detectors in the Super LHC environment. • Development of fully integrated Analog-to-Digital Converter for the Luminosity Detector at the International Linear Collider. • Demonstration of functionality and performance of 512-electrode system for simultaneous electrical stimulation and recoding from retina tissue • Preparation for collection and analysis of the real data in the LHCb experiment: improvement of the silicon vertex locator detector (VELO), progress in the development of new trigger philosophy, determination of the selection criteria for new processes of the beauty mesons decays.

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Profile The scientific activity of Department cover three areas of research: • basic research of elementary constituents of the matter and their interactions in high energy collisions • design and construction of detectors and readout electronics for high energy physics experiments and other applications • instrumentation for neuroscience experiment and investigation of interfaces between electronic circuits and live neuronal tissues. The high energy experiments are long term projects and because of high cost of large accelerators and detection facilities they are performed by large international collaborations. Our participation in experiments is as complete as possible and covers all phases of the projects: preparations of the research programs, design and construction of the experimental apparatus, data analyses as well as maintaining and upgrading detector systems. Currently we participate in analysis of data from three experiments, which have finished data taking: • ZEUS e±p at HERA (DESY), • DELPHI e+e- at LEP (CERN), • OPAL e+e- at LEP (CERN). Over last decade have contributed to design and construction of two new experiments: • ATLAS pp at LHC (CERN), • LHCb pp at LHC (CERN), and in the coming years we will focus on running these two experiments and on data analysis. In parallel, we carry out R&D programs aiming at development of the detector concepts and new detector technologies for an upgrade of the ATLAS experiment and for a future experiment at the International Linear Collider. The activity in the area of front-end electronics focuses on development of circuits and system for readout of position sensitive detectors employing Application Specific Integrated Circuits. The Department is a member of the EUROPRACTICE organisation, which offers access to CAD tools and prototyping using advanced semiconductor technologies. We carry out development of readout ASICs for the following detector technologies: • tracking detectors for high energy physics experiments based on silicon microstrip detectors, • detectors for X-ray imaging based on silicon microstrip detectors, • detectors for neutron imaging based on Micro Strip Gas Chambers (MSGC), • detectors for charge particles and X-ray imaging based on Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM). Particular attention is paid to radiation effects in semiconductor devices and circuits, which are of primary importance in the front-end electronics for readout of silicon strip detectors in the high energy physics experiments. In the area of neuroscience we focus on development of systems for imaging of neural activity in live neural tissues. A common aim of various research projects is to develop two ways communication between live neurons and electronic circuits, which require electrical stimulation of neurons with arbitrary spatial and temporal patterns and simultaneous recording of elicited neuron responses. The developed experimental systems are based on multielectrode arrays array and ASICs. In collaboration with various collaborators in the area of neuroscience we develop specific systems for investigation of different neural tissues, including retina, brain, cortex, and participate also in analysis of data from neuroscience experiments.

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Department of Applied Nuclear Physics Katedra Zastosowań Fizyki Jądrowej Staff Head prof. dr hab. inż. Różański Kazimierz, full professor

Physics of Functional Materials Group Zespół Fizyki Materiałów Funkcjonalnych prof. dr hab. Pszczoła Jarosław, associate professor

Environmental Physics Group Zespół Fizyki Środowiska prof. dr hab. inż. Różański Kazimierz, full professor dr inż. Duliński Marek, assistant professor dr inż. Kuc Tadeusz, assistant professor dr inż. Nęcki Jarosław, assistant professor dr inż. Nguyen Dinh Chau, assistant professor dr inż. Przybyłowicz Wojciech, assistant professor dr inż. Rosiek Janusz, assistant professor dr inż. Wachniew Przemysław, assistant professor dr inż. Zimnoch Mirosław, assistant professor dr inż. Gorczyca Zbigniew, teaching assistant dr inż. Jodłowski Paweł, teaching assistant mgr Fiedorowicz Justyna mgr inż. Mróz Halina Pach Franciszek Wróblewski Ryszard

Nuclear Methods Group Zespół Metod Jądrowych prof. dr hab. inż. Kreft Andrzej, associate professor dr Bolewski Andrzej, assistant professor dr inż. Ciechanowski Marek, assistant professor dr Czapliński Wilhelm, assistant professor dr inż. Petryka Leszek, assistant professor dr hab. inż. Markowicz Andrzej, associate professor

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Activity K. Różański • Member of the Council for Atomic Energy Matters of the National Atomic Energy Agency • Member of the Polish National Committee, International Geosphere and Biosphere Programme of the International Council for Science • Member of the Editorial Board of the journal “Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies” (since 2000) • Vice-chairman of the Society of Research on Environmental Changes “GEOSPHERE”

A. Kreft • Member of the Council for Atomic Energy Matters of the National Atomic Energy Agency • Chairman of the Commission Nuclear Techniques of the Council for Atomic Energy Matters • Member of the Coordinator Team of the Clean Energy Cluster

J. Pszczoła • Member of the Interfaculty Commission of Technical Sciences of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences

Profile Department Applied Nuclear Physics (DANP) is composed of three groups: (i) Environmental Physics Group, (ii) Nuclear Methods Group, and (iii) Functional Materials Group. Research activities of DANP cover selected topics of nuclear physics and its applications in areas such as environmental sciences, material sciences as well as industrial applications of nuclear methodologies. Moreover, DANP is responsible for two specializations being thought in the framework of the Technical Physics discipline offered by the Faculty at B.Sc. and M.Sc. level. Major instrumentation available at DANP: • an arc melting system with contact-less ignition for synthesis of materials, • a system to measure magnetoelectric effect of materials, • analytical system for low-level tritium assay in natural waters, • analytical systems for determination of isotope ratios of light elements (2H/1H, 13C/12C, 14C/12C, 15N/14N, 18O/16O) in environmental materials (water, rocks and deposits, gases, organic matter), • analytical systems for detection of trace compounds (ppm, ppb, and ppt level) in the atmosphere.

Achievements • Completion of comprehensive, multidisciplinary study of natural analogue site, Ruprechtov, Czech Republic, with the aid of isotope and geochemical tools. • Completion of a reconnaissance study aimed at determination of natural radioactivity levels and annual radiation doses for a large set of bottled waters currently available on the market in southern Poland. • Publication of a monograph entitled „Thermodynamic and isotopic model of carbon dioxide exploitation during periodic operation of Zuber I borehole in the Krynica Spa”. • Realization of the measuring system for magnetoelectric effect • Determination of the influence of 3d-electrons on the band structure, magnetic and electrical properties and hyperfine interactions observed in rare earth – transition metal compounds

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Administration Staff Administracja, Obsługa dr inż. Chmist Janusz Kalinowska Jadwiga bibliotekarz mgr Wijas Aneta mgr Waluś Grażyna mgr inż. Horzemska-Ciślak Marta mgr inż. Hamerla Katarzyna mgr Starmach Agnieszka Baliga Ewa inż. Bonczarowski Roman Czech Kazimierz Flis Grzegorz Leśniak Ewa Lipniacka Jolanta Olszyńska Elżbieta mgr Sobczyk Krystyna Stefanko Agnieszka Wolak Celina Sikora Franciszek Setkowicz Stanisław Wydmański Kazimierz Berski Marek Kozera Jan Setkowicz Piotr Baran Stanisława Jastrzębska Danuta Łapczyńska Małgorzata Pabiś Dorota Wójtowicz Lucyna Wróbel Maria

Teaching Support Group Zespół Obsługi Dydaktyki dr hab. Lenda Andrzej, associate professor dr Sanok Zofia, assistant professor mgr Kułakowska Magdalena, senior lecturer inż. Chmieliński Adam inż. Cyganik Stanisław inż. Skalski Andrzej Ciślak Adam Jędrzejowski Franciszek Opoka Zenon

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CERN Staff mgr inż. Dubert Paweł mgr inż. Dubert Anna mgr inż. Gaj Wawrzyniec mgr inż. Gorzawski Arkadiusz Seweryn Grzegorz mgr inż. Skała Aleksander Baran Krzysztof

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PhD Students Name Ahmed Mohammed Ambalathankandy Prasoon Augstyńska Dominika Brożek Marcin Dulińska Justyna Dworak Andrzej Dziedzic Justyna Gach Grzegorz Gieszczyk Wojciech Jamrozik Agnieszka Janc Krzysztof Karczmarska Agnieszka Kocjan Przemysław Kołodziej Tomasz Krzak Małgorzata Kuczera Paweł Kutorasiński Kamil Lewkowicz Aneta Marciszko Marianna Nosek Magdalena Oćwieja Magdalena Onik Katarzyna Pajor Anna Pasek Wojciech Pawłowski Jarosław Perzanowski Marcin Proniewski Bartosz Przyborowski Dominik Skubis Anna Smolik Damian Surmacz Kamil Szkudlarek Aleksandra Wodniak Iwona Wójcik Anna Katarzyna Wroński Marcin Wróbel Paweł Zielińska Alicja Zegrodnik Michał ISD Bartyzel Jakub Drogowska Karolina Gajda Paweł Grynkiewicz Przemysław Hałas Agnieszka Jabłońska Magdalena Kozioł Anna Kulis Szymon Łysoń Barbara Nowak Jakub

Year 1 1 1 1 ISD 1 1 1 ISD 1 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 1 ISD 1 1 1 1 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 ISD 1 1 1 ISD 2 2 MPD 2 2 2 MPD 2 2 2 2 2

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Supervisor dr. hab. M. Idzik dr. hab. M. Idzik prof. K. Strzałka (UJ) dr hab. P. Łodziana (IFJ PAN) prof. M. Lankosz prof. Z. Burda (UJ) prof. P. Warszyński (IKiFP PAN) prof. D Kisielewska doc. P. Olko (IFJ PAN) dr hab. K. Burda dr hab. J. Tarasiuk doc. M. Wolny-Marszałek (IFJ PAN) dr hab. K. Saeed dr. hab. A. Kozłowski prof. P. Warszyński (IKiFP PAN) prof. J. Wolny dr hab. J. Toboła prof. M. Witko (IKiFP PAN) dr hab. A Baczmański doc. P. Weroński (IFJ PAN) prof. Z. Adamczyk (IKiFP PAN) doc. M. Derewiński (IKiFP PAN) prof. P. Warszyński (IKiFP PAN) dr hab. B. Szafran prof. S. Bednarek doc. M. Wolny-Marszałek (IFJ PAN) prof. H. Figiel dr. hab. M. Idzik prof. S. Bednarek prof. W. Batko (AGH-WIMiR) dr hab. K. Saeed prof. Cz. Kapusta doc. K. Drozdowicz (IFJ PAN) doc. J. Mietelski (IFJ PAN) prof. K. Wierzbanowski prof. M. Lankosz prof. W. Dąbrowski prof. J. Spałek prof. K. Różański dr hab. Z. Tarnawski prof. S. Taczanowski (AGH WEiP) prof. S. Bednarek dr hab. K. Burda prof. H. Figiel prof. J. Korecki dr hab. M. Idzik dr hab. K. Zakrzewska (AGH-WEAIiE) prof. K. Różański

Name Nowak Michał Oettingen Mikołaj Pohorecka Maria Poniedziałek Maciej Rybak Marcin Rydygier Przemysław Sarna Michał Selvaraj Babu Nivas Senderowska Katarzyna Śleziak Monika Szumniak Paweł Tomkowicz Joanna Wójcik Grzegorz Ziarek Marcin Żychowicz Dariusz Adamska Anna Maria Bochenek Michał Broniec Anna Czyżycki Mateusz Kaczmarska Magdalena Kowalik Marcin Koźlak Kamil Ornat Maurycy Padoł Anna Smoleń Magdalena Szklarska-Łukasik Monika Świebocka Joanna Wójcik Paweł Zaleski Aliaksandr Chodak Jacek Dudek Remigiusz Matlak Krzysztof Seremak-Peczkis Paulina Sowa Anna Tabiś Wojciech Wach Paulina Duda Michał Freindl Kinga Haduch Jerzy Jeleń Dorota Krawczyk Artur Kuna (Bartyzel) Agnieszka Lasyk Łukasz Łabno Bartłomiej Półtorak Karolina Pycia (Manterys) Marta Stępień Joanna Zwoźniak Agnieszka Żywczak Antoni

Year 2 MPD 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 MPD 2 MPD 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 MPD 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

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Supervisor dr hab. B. Szafran dr hab. J. Cetnar (AGH WEiP) dr hab. K.Urbańska UJ dr hab. B. Szafran prof. K. Kułakowski prof. W. Dąbrowski dr hab. K. Burda prof. H. Figiel doc. M. Witek (IFJPAN) prof. M. Mazurkiewicz (AGH-WGiG) prof. S. Bednarek prof. K. Kułakowski prof. S. Taczanowski (AGH WEiP) prof. H. Figiel prof. H. Figiel dr hab. H. Nhu-Tarnawska (UP) prof. W. Dąbrowski dr hab. P. Augustyniak (AGH WEAIiE) prof. M. Lankosz dr hab. K. Burda prof. A. Kołodziejczyk prof. H. Figiel prof. A. Paja prof. Cz. Kapusta dr hab. P. Augustyniak (AGH WEAIiE) prof. J. Pszczoła prof. H. Figiel prof. J. Adamowski prof. T. Stobiecki (AGH WEAIiE) dr hab. P. Augustyniak (AGH WEAIiE) prof. S. Bednarek prof. J. Korecki prof. Cz. Kapusta prof. J. Adamowski prof. A. Kozłowski prof. K. Różański prof. J. Wolny prof. J. Korecki prof. H. Figiel prof. K. Różański prof. J. Pszczoła prof. W. Sikora doc. R. Kozłowski (IFiKP PAN) prof. J. Adamowski prof. W. Dąbrowski prof. K. Różański prof. Cz. Kapusta prof. J. Pszczoła prof. H. Figiel

Selected results Numerical simulation of the influence of age-modified mutation rate on biological aging A. Z. Maksymowicz Department of Applied Informatics and Computational Physics in cooperation with:

M. S. Magdoń-Maksymowicz Department of Mathematical Statistics, AR-Agricultural University, Kraków

In this study we proved that expected modification of the mutation rate m(a) with age a does influence overall characteristics of mortality distribution q(a), a fraction of items eliminated from the population when we go from age (a) to (a+1) in simulated transition from time (t) to next time step (t+1). Standard bit-string model of population dynamics, developed by Penna [1], is usually explored for the genetic mutation-based theories of biological aging. The experimentally observed mortality q(a) dependence follows the Gompertz exponential law for a above the minimum reproduction age, which essentially is the result of the Penna model. In this model a constant mutation rate m is assumed. However, deviation from the Gompertz law is observed for the very old items, close to the maximal age. This needs explanation and one of the possibilities considered for this effect may result from an increase of mutation rate m(a) with age, as discussed in this study. Population dynamics may be described in terms of number of individuals n(a,t) at age a and at time t. The sum over a yields current population n(t), yet usually we are interested in the equilibrium state, when after long enough time n(a) = n(a,t). Mortality q(a) is defined as the percentage of items eliminated when we go to the next time step: t → (t+1), a → (a+1). We have q(a) = 1 - n(a+1)/n(a). In the discrete time model, the transition from time (t) to the next time step (t+1) results from the balance between death

rate p and birthrate b. If p and b were the only model parameters (constants), then only unacceptable trivial cases would turn up: either n=0 for p>b, else we get unlimited population growth. The so called Verhulst factor restores the balance within a finite population n. The basic idea is to replace death rate parameter p by a suitable function of population n so that p becomes larger for overpopulated habitat. In the simplest logistic model, death rate p (known as the Verhulst factor) is assumed to be proportional the current population n(t), p(t)=n(t)/N, where N is interpreted as environmental capacity. At equilibrium, this model yields population n/N=b/(1+b) and age-independent mortality q(a)=n. The advantage of the Penna model is that it gives mortality q(a) as increasing function of age a, following the Gompertz law. Vast literature on biological aging indicates many possible factors that may contribute to the process of aging. Oxigen radicals which may damage the genome, programmed cell death after certain number of cell divisions where telomeres are partly lost during each division or mutation accumulation are often named as possible reasons for aging. Asexual version of the Penna model of population evolution which belongs to mutation accumulation theory, the most popular foundation of biological aging concept. This model of biological aging yields results which basically agree with the Gompertz law. In asexual version of Penna model, the genome of a newly born, represented by a computer

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word with bit value ‘1’ for the bad mutation so the standard reference model may be recovand ‘0’ for no mutation, is inherited from a sinered by putting slope s=0. The number of itgle parent. The baby’s age a=0 and its genome erations for typical set of parameters for which is not just a copy of parent’s - it may acquire at population distribution reaches equilibrium, the moment of birth some extra ‘bad’ mutaapart from statistical fluctuations, was of order tions - each bit may randomly be set to one of 1000. The computer simulation was carried with probability m. In the evolution rule leadout for mutation threshold T=1, effective muing from time (t) to (t+1), we count all ‘ones’ in tation rate m(0) scanned from 0.01 to 0.03, the the genome of the individual of age a, from bit slope s was varying from zero to 0.002 (with position zero to bit a on entry to the new era, life span of maximum age a=120) and birth marking them as active. The actual number rates changing from b=0.1, to b=0.2. (Here the of activated mutations μ(a) will be checked ‘effective mutation rate m(0)’ is an adjustable against some threshold value T of maximum parameters which, by definition, produces the number of bad mutations at which genetic same population n for s>0 as the reference set death occurs. In direct computer simulation, with s=0.) Example of changes of mortality the above algorithm is executed in the form q(a) caused by modification of mutation rate of iterations over number of time steps necesm(a) is shown below. sary to reach equilibrium; in each time step we scan the population pool and for each individual the life game of elimination due to Verhulst factor, or genetic death, or for other reasons takes place. If the individual survives, it may give birth and the newly born baby takes on parent’s genome, enriched by extra mutations at rate m per bit. For Fig.1. The left figure is the standard Penna model with slope s=0 and this asexual case, simpler m(0)=0.01 for birth rate b=0.1. Exponential character of mortality q(a) then the sexual one, an against age a is clearly seen in the whole range of ages until age a=31 analytical solution was of about limit at which genetic death toll makes the population exfound by Coe at al [2] in tinct. The right figure for s>0 illustrates typical tendencies which follow the form of a map n(a,L,t) assumed monotonic increase of the mutation rate with parent’s age, → n(a,L,t+1), where here for slope s=0.001, m(a)=m(0)+s∙a. Note the shift of maximal age to n(a,L,t) is the population larger values. Points with error bars represent direct simulation results at given age a of given which were also carried out for reference. Less precise agreement begenome length L at time tween crosses and the solid line for larger a is due to poorer statistics t. This new characteristics as population at old ages n(a) is greatly reduced, leading to significant L is defined just as the bit fluctuations in q(a). position with critical ‘1’ for the deadly number T of bad mutations. The main findings of our studies are: In our studies we followed the ana1)slowing down mortality rate at the oldest lytical solution of a master-like type of iterative old, a sort of Mathuzalem effect, and 2)a shift equation n(a,L,+t+1)=F{n(a,L,t)} given by Coe, of the genome length distribution towards and we adopted it to the case when mutation larger values. We may conclude that the asrate m(a) depends on parent’s age [3]. We assumed modification of mutation rates tosume a specific m(a) dependence in order to wards larges values of older individuals may account for the effect that older individuals be responsible for the observed in population may produce less healthy children. The simrelative slowing down mortality for the oldest plest linear form was proposed, m(a)=m(0)+s∙a, old items.

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References: 1

T. J. P. Penna, J. Stat. Phys. 78 (1995) 1629

2

J. B. Coe and Y. Mao, Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 051925

3

M. S. Magdoń-Maksymowicz and A. Z. Maksymowicz, Phys. Rev. E 79 (2009) 061919

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Design of luminosity detector for the future International Linear Collider M. Idzik, T. Fiutowski, K. Swientek, J. Aguilar, P. Ambalathankandy, Sz. Kulis, D. Przyborowski Nuclear Electronics and Radiation Detection Group, Department of Particle Interactions and Detection Teachniques

in cooperation with: IFJ PAN Cracow Poland, DESY Zeuthen Germany

To investigate the elementary structure of matter, a powerful accelerators and sophisticated detecor systems are needed. Even before the recently completed Large Hadron Collider (LHC) began to collide particles, it was already known that future linear e+e- colliders like the  International Linear Collider (ILC, www.linearcollider.org/cms/) and the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC, clic-study. web.cern.ch/CLIC-Study/), would be needed for more precise investigations into the nature of the universe. The success of these new machines will depend greatly on the development of novell detectors, with improvements in particle identification, track reconstruction, and energy measurement capabilities even while operating in a harsh, high-density radiation environment. Thousands of researchers have been working for many years on the design of the future ILC collider [1], the most probable successor of the LHC. One of the challenges for the ILC detectors is to acheive an unprecedented accuracy of less than 10-3, as required by the luminosity measurement. The luminosity of the ILC will be measured by the LumiCal detector, which constitutes an important part of the Forward Calorimetry region. LumiCal will be built as a Si/W sandwich calorimeter composed of alternating passive absorber (W) layers and active sensor (Si) layers. The active part of the LumiCal comprises 30 layers of 300 μm-thick DC-coupled silicon sensors. Each layer is divided into 48 azimuthal sectors. Each sector, with the inner radius of 8 cm and the outer of 20 cm, is also segmented into 64 radial pads with a constant pitch. In total, the detection system requires about 2·105 readout pads.

The AGH Nuclear Electronics Group is a member of the international FCAL collaboration (Forward Calorimetry, www-zeuthen. desy.de/ILC/fcal/), created in order to develop and build the detectors working at small polar angles (forward detectors) at the future linear accelerators, ILC and CLIC. Presently, the Nuclear Electronics Group, in collaboration with IFJ PAN, is working on a prototype of the LumiCal detector module. This work is probably the most solid and advanced contribution of any Polish group towards the design and construction of the ILC detector system. The importance of detector development for the ILC experiments has also been recognised through the European Community R&D programmes. The work by the Nuclear Electronics Group is supported by participating in the European Framework Programmes. The development of the infrastructure for a prototype test of the LumiCal detector is supported by the 6th Framework Programme under the EUDET project (www.eudet.org). EUDET involves 31 well-known European institutions from 12 different countries. ILC detector development is also supported by the Marie Curie Network through the MC-PAD project (mc-pad.web.cern.ch/mc-pad/) within the 7th Framework Programme. The MC-PAD network is formed by leading european institutions in experimental particle physics (e.g. CERN, DESY, INFN, GSI, NIKHEF, PSI) in order to develop novell detection systems for future experiments. The MC-PAD network supports young researchers participating in these works, and some of them work for LumiCal in the Nuclear Electronics Group AGH. At present, the work of the Nuclear Electronics Group is concentrated mainly on

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the design and prototyping of the LumiCal tor. The main readout electronics functionalreadout electronics. The design of the Luity is implemented in two integrated circuits: miCal readout electronics depends on sevthe front-end ASIC [2,4] and the ADC ASIC eral requirements as well as assumptions [3,4]. The prototype ASICs are fabricated usconcerning LumiCal architecture. The readout ing 0.35 μm CMOS technology. should work in two modes: physics mode and The front—end ASIC comprises calibration mode. In physics mode the deteca charge sensitive amplifier, a pole--zero cantor should be sensitive to electromagnetic cellation circuit (PZC) and a shaper. In order showers resulting in high energy depositions, to cope with large charges in physics mode and the electronics should be able to procand small ones in calibration mode, variable ess signals of up to 10 pC of ionized charge gain is implemented in both the charge senor even more per sensor pad. In calibration sitive amplifier and the shaper. A number of mode it should be able to detect signals from measurements have been performed to charrelativistic muons, i.e. should be able to regacterize the gain, noise, speed and other paister minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). This rameters of the prototype ASIC. An example means that signals as small as 2 fC (correresult of the gain measured in physics mode sponding to the low end of the Landau disis shown in fig1. tribution for MIPs in 300 μm thick silicon) should be detected. The chosen sensor geometry results in a very wide range of pad capacitance, 10 pF – 100 pF, connected to a single readout electronics channel. Because of very high expected pad occupancy, the electronics should be fast enough to resolve signals from consecutive beam bunches which are separated in time by about 350 ns. Simulations of Fig.1. Measured and simulated gain of the front-end ASIC in the physLumiCal indicate that the ics mode for different sensor capacitances reconstruction procedure needs about 10-bit precision in the measure This and other measurements conment of deposited energy. Severe requirefirm that the key parameters regarding gain, ments set on readout electronics power disnoise, and speed are in good agreement with sipation may be strongly relaxed if a scheme simulations. is implemented to switch the power on and The ADC ASIC is designed using off between ILC bunch trains. This is feasipipeline architecture which assures a good ble since in the ILC experiment there will be compromise between speed, area and power a pause of about 200 ms after each 1 ms consumption. A 1.5-bit per stage fully differbunch train. Because about 2·105 readout ential scheme was chosen for its simplicity channels need to be contained in a small deand immunity to offsets, crosstalk and other tector volume, a single channel should not disturbances. The ASIC comprises a sample exceed a pitch of about 200 μm. To fulfill the and hold stage, 9 pipeline stages (containabove requirements, development of muling multiplying analog to digital converters tichannel, application-specific integrated cirand subADCs), and a digital correction block. cuits (ASICs) is needed. The general concept A photograph of the ADC prototype glued and of a full readout chain comprises a charge bonded on the PCB board is shown in fig.2. sensitive amplifier, a shaper, a digitizer (ADC) To estimate the ASIC performance with zero suppression, and a data concentraa number of static and dynamic measure-

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ments were done [3,4]. An example of the measured ADC transfer function is shown in fig.3. Measurements show very small (< 0.5 LSB) static nonlinearities and good dynamic performance expressed by the high signal to noise ratio (>58 dB). To summarize, the development of

readout electronics for the LumiCal detector seems to be on a good track. Work on the design and integration of the multichannel version of the readout is ongoing. When this has been completed, integration of the full detector chain – comprising the sensor, the readout electronics, and the complete detector tungsten plane – will begin.

Fig.2. Photograph of the bonded ADC prototype ASIC

Fig.3. Transfer function of the prototype ADC ASIC

References: 1

G. Aarons, (W. Dąbrowski, M. Idzik, Sz. Kulis, T.Lesiak, B. Pawlik, L.Suszycki, K. Świentek) et al., Internation Linear Collider, Reference Design Report, ILC-2007-001, www.linearcollider.org/cms; International Large Detector, ILD, Letter of Intent www.ilcild.org/documents/ild-letter-of-intent.

2

M.Idzik, Sz. Kulis, D. Przyborowski, “Development of front-end electronics for the luminosity detector at ILC”, 2009 Nuclear Instruments and Methods A 608 pp.169-174.

3

M. Idzik, K. Świentek, Sz. Kulis, “Design and measurements of 10 bit pipeline ADC for the Luminosity Detector at ILC”, Proceedings of Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, TWEPP-09, Paris, France, 21-25 Sep, 2009.

4

M. Idzik, K. Świentek, T. Fiutowski, Sz. Kulis, D. Przyborowski, P. Ambalathankandy, “Readout electronics for LumiCal detector”, EUDET-Report-2009-09, www.eudet.org/e26/e27/

34

An ongoing analysis of data from large accelerator facilities: LEP (experiments DELPHI and OPAL), HERA (experiment ZEUS) L. Adamczyk, T. Bołd, I. Grabowska-Bołd, D. Kisielewska, B. Muryn, A. Obłąkowska-Mucha, M. Przybycień, J. Szuba, T. Szumlak Elementary Particles Physics Group, Department of Particle Interactions and Detection Techniques

In cooperation with: DELPHI :Collaboration – 59 laboratories from Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA,. OPAL Collaboration – 34 laboratories from Canada, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, UK and USA, ZEUS Collaboration – 56 laboratories from Belgium, Canada, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Spain, UK and USA

The experiments DELPHI and OPAL at LEP (Large Electron- Positron Collider) in CERN and ZEUS at HERA ( Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage) in Hamburg already finished the data taking but physics analyses of large data sets are still being continued. In 2009 the experiments published 22 papers in journals from the ISI Master Journal List. The most important results are the following.

gies (√s) between 130 GeV and 207 GeV are consistent with the results obtained by other experiments as well as with the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). They allow to set new limits on the scales of contact interactions, which are found to lie in the range 2–13 TeV, depending on the chirality structure of the new physics contribution [3]. All measurements performed at LEP are consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model. On the other hand we know that the SM can not be the final picture, because of several theoretical problems. One of them is known as the hierarchy problem and is related to the observed weakness of gravity in comparison with other interactions. Recently a new theory has been proposed in which large extra spatial dimensions appear. The weakness of gravity results from the fact that gravitons, which are meant to mediate the gravitational interactions, in contradiction to other elementary particles, may propagate also in extra dimensions. Measurement of the cross section for the production of single photons in e+e− collisions at LEP is in agreement with expectations from the SM process e+e− → ν−νγ. The absence of an excess of events has been used to set a limit of 1.69 TeV at 95% CL on the fundamental mass scale for the theory with n=1 extra dimension.[2]

DELPHI experiment at LEP Beam electrons at LEP II, which scatter at very small angles, are a strong source of quasi-real photons (Q2~0). Studies of inclusive production of charged hadrons in two-photon collisions allow for tests of perturbative chromodynamics (QCD). The measured distributions of transverse momentum of particles produced in this process and the differential cross sections dσ/dpT in pseudorapidity range |η|20T, in a temperature range wide enough to induce a substantial change in the relative phase fraction. Such experimental conditions are available only recently employing the energy dispersive acquisition technique available at the ID24 beamline in combination with minipulsed field setup made by ESRF Sample Environment Laboratory [3]. Analysis of the B and T evolution of Re orbital-to-spin magnetic moment ratio gives an unequivocal evidence that the two magnetocrystalline phases observed in CFRO are characterized by different spin-orbit coupling. The insulating phase, observed at low temperature and field, is being suppressed by the metallic one, characterized by larger ab-

solute value of L/S, either upon heating above TS or upon application of a strong magnetic field of several Tesla. The shape comparison of bulk magnetization with the XMCD derived Re one (Figure 2) reveals a striking difference, which is attributed to electron redistribution between anti-ferromagnetically coupled Re and Fe sites upon temperature and field change. Quantitative analysis revealed that Re magnetization is significantly higher, with respect to bulk, in the insulating phase. This gives evidence that the metal-insulator phase transition is accompanied with the evolution in the population of Re t2g orbitals as well as with the charge-transfer between Fe and Re sites. Both effects have a strong influence on the hopping integral of the double-exchange-like interaction between Re and Fe sites and, thus, on the electronic properties of the compound studied.

Fig. 2. Temperature and field evolution of the normalized Re and bulk magnetizations. The latter one is adopted from data published in ref. [4]. Smoothed iso-M curves are presented at arbitrary values as guides for the eyes.

References: 1

K.-I. Kobayashi, T. Kimura, H. Sawada, K. Terakura, and Y. Tokura, Nature (London) 395, 677 (1998).

2

D. Serrate, J.M. DeTeresa, and M.R. Ibarra, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 023201 (2007).

3

P. van der Linden, O. Mathon, C. Strohm, and M. Sikora, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 075104 (2008).

4

J. M. Michalik, J.M. DeTeresa, J. Blasco, P.A. Algarabel, M.R. Ibarra, C. Kapusta, and U. Zeitler, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 506206 (2007).

55

Bilirubin removal during extracorporeal liver support therapy with FPSA Prometheus A. JUNG, M. ZADORA, Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Biomedical Imaging and Modeling Group, in cooperation with

P. KRISPER, R. STAUBER, B. HADISH, H. HOLZER Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria

D. SCHNEDITZ Institute of Physiology, Medical University, Graz, Austria

Extracorporeal liver support therapy is currently available and mostly two systems: MARS (Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System) and Prometheus (FPSA, Fractionated Plasma Separation and Adsorption) are used in clinical practice. Both systems are more complex than hemodialysis as not only watersoluble toxins but also protein bound ones are removed during the treatment. Prometheus system consists of few elements: AlbuFlow membrane, which separates albumin bound toxins and high-flux membrane FX50 in the primary circuit, as well as two adsorbers in the secondary circuit (Prometh02, Prometh01). Therefore removal characteristics of toxins are also complex and very important to clarify and characterize the efficiency of ELS systems. Among the many substances removed during FPSA different forms of bilirubin were measured by standard laboratory tests. Unconjugated bilirubin was relatively poorly removed during Prometheus treatment and was prone to measurement errors leading to inconsistent and implausible data. Thus we concentrated on conjugated bilirubin to better understand the removal process for the different components of the Prometheus system. To this end the clearance and the solute removal provided by mentioned membranes and adsorbers were separately analyzed. The study was done in 8 acute-on-chronic liver failure patients during eighteen treatments. Conjugated bilirubin concentrations were measured at least 5 times during each treatment for the same flow rates recommended by the manufacturer. Samples were taken from 6 points of the Prometheus system:

4 samples represented inflow and outflow concentrations in primary and secondary circuit and 2 samples represented points between membranes and between adsorbers. The results of concentration changes allowed calculating clearance and removal rate of conjugated bilirubin for the whole ELS system, for the ELS system without FX50 dialyzer, for the FX50 dialyzer itself, for adsorbers together and separately. Clearance calculations were corrected for the effect of ultrafiltration when necessary (ultrafiltration was provided in 6 treatments). Conjugated bilirubin concentration significantly (p

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