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Pablo A. Estévez, José C. Príncipe, and Pablo Zegers (Eds.)

Advances in Self-Organizing Maps 9th International Workshop, WSOM 2012 Santiago, Chile, December 12–14, 2012 Proceedings

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Editors Prof. Pablo A. Estévez Department of Electrical Engineering University of Chile Santiago Chile

Prof. Pablo Zegers Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas Universidad de los Andes Santiago Chile

Prof. José C. Príncipe Computational NeuroEngineering Laboratory University of Florida Gainesville, FL USA

ISSN 2194-5357 e-ISSN 2194-5365 ISBN 978-3-642-35229-4 e-ISBN 978-3-642-35230-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35230-0 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012952597 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

This book contains refereed papers presented at the 9th Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM 2012) held at the Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, on December 12–14, 2012. The workshop brought together researchers and practitioners in the field of self-organizing systems. Among the book chapters there are excellent examples of the use of SOMs in agriculture, computer science, data visualization, health systems, economics, engineering, social sciences, text and image analysis, and time series analysis. Other chapters present the latest theoretical work on SOMs as well as Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) methods. Our deep appreciation is extended to Teuvo Kohonen, for serving as Honorary General Chair and for enthusiastically supporting the idea of holding the workshop for the first time in Latin-America. We warmly thank the members of the Steering Committee and the Executive Committee. In particular we thank to Guilherme Barreto, Publicity Chair, and Timo Honkela, for handling the papers with conflict of interest. Our sincere thanks go to Barbara Hammer and Jos´e Pr´ıncipe for their plenary talks. We are grateful to the members of the Program Committee and other reviewers for their excellent and timely work, and above all to the authors whose contributions made this book possible. October 2012

Pablo A. Est´evez Jos´e C. Pr´ıncipe Pablo Zegers

Organization

WSOM 2012 was held during December 12–14, 2012, organized by the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Chile.

Executive Committee Honorary Chair Teuvo Kohonen

Academy of Finland, Finland

General Chair Pablo A. Est´evez

University of Chile, Chile

General Co-chair Jos´e C. Pr´ıncipe

University of Florida, USA

Program Chair Pablo Zegers

Universidad de los Andes, Chile

Publicity Chair Guilherme A. Barreto

Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil

Steering Committee Teuvo Kohonen Marie Cottrell Pablo Est´evez Timo Honkela Erkki Oja

Academy of Finland, Finland Universit´e Paris 1, Panthe´on-Sorbonne, France University of Chile, Chile Aalto University, Finland Aalto University, Finland

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Organization

Jos´e Pr´ıncipe Helge Ritter Takeshi Yamakawa Hujun Yin

University of Florida, USA Bielefeld University, Germany Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan University of Manchester, UK

Program Committee Jos´e Aguilar Guilherme Barreto Ernesto Cuadros-Vargas Yoonsuck Choe Marie Cottrell Tetsuo Furukawa Barbara Hammer Timo Honkela Ryotaro Kamimura Olga Kurasova Jorma Laaksonen Kai Labusch Jean-Charles Lamirel Ezequiel L´opez-Rubio Thomas Martinetz Haruna Matsushita Erzs´ebet Merenyi Antonio Neme Yoshifumi Nishio Erkki Oja Ioannis Pitas Marina Resta Udo Seiffert Leticia Seijas Olli Simula Marc Strickert Kadim Tasdemir Heizo Tokutaka Michel Verleysen Thomas Villmann Pablo Zegers, Chair Jacek Zurada

Universidad de los Andes, Venezuela Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil San Pablo Catholic University, Peru Texas A&M University, USA Universit´e Paris 1, Panthe´on-Sorbonne, France Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Bielefeld University, Germany Aalto University, Finland Tokai University, Japan Vilnius University, Lithuania Aalto University, Finland University of L¨ubeck, Germany LORIA, France University of Malaga, Spain University of L¨ubeck, Germany Kagawa University, Japan University of Rice, USA Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico Tokushima University, Japan Aalto University, Finland University of Thessanoliki, Greece University of Genova, Italy Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany University of Buenos Aires, Argentina Aalto University, Finland Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany European Commission Joint Research Centre, Italy SOM Japan Inc., Japan Universit´e Catholique de Louvain, Belgium University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Germany Universidad de los Andes, Chile University of Louisville, USA

Organization

Additional Referees Rewbenio Frota Jos´e E. Maia C´esar L. Cavalcante Mattos Isaque Monteiro Ajalmar R. Da Rocha Neto Luis G. Mota Souza Matashige Oyabu Masaaki Ohkita Claudio Held Jan Chorowski Henry Sch¨utze Jens Hocke Ioannis Chantas Alexandros Iosifidis Symeon Nikitidis

Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil Federal University of Cear´a, Brazil Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Japan SOM Japan Inc., Japan University of Chile, Chile University of Louisville, USA University of L¨ubeck, Germany University of L¨ubeck, Germany University of Thessanoliki, Greece University of Thessanoliki, Greece University of Thessanoliki, Greece

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Contents

Plenary How to Visualize Large Data Sets? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barbara Hammer, Andrej Gisbrecht, Alexander Schulz

1

Theory and Methodology On-Line Relational SOM for Dissimilarity Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Madalina Olteanu, Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix, Marie Cottrell

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Non-Euclidean Principal Component Analysis and Oja’s Learning Rule – Theoretical Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Biehl, Marika K¨astner, Mandy Lange, Thomas Villmann

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Classification of Chain-Link and Other Data with Spherical SOM . . . . . . . . Masaaki Ohkita, Heizo Tokutaka, Makoto Ohki, Matashige Oyabu, Kikuo Fujimura

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Unsupervised Weight-Based Cluster Labeling for Self-Organizing Maps . . . Willem S. van Heerden, Andries P. Engelbrecht

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Controlling Self-Organization and Handling Missing Values in SOM and GTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tommi Vatanen, Ilari T. Nieminen, Timo Honkela, Tapani Raiko, Krista Lagus

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Opposite Maps for Hard Margin Support Vector Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ajalmar R. da Rocha Neto, Guilherme A. Barreto

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Intuitive Volume Exploration through Spherical Self-Organizing Map . . . . . Naimul Mefraz Khan, Matthew Kyan, Ling Guan

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Using SOM as a Tool for Automated Design of Clustering Systems Based on Fuzzy Predicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gustavo J. Meschino, Diego S. Comas, Virginia L. Ballarin, Adriana G. Scandurra, Luc´ıa I. Passoni

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Contents

From Forced to Natural Competition in a Biologically Plausible Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Francisco Javier Ropero Pel´aez, Antonio Carlos Godoi

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Image Processing Sparse Coding Neural Gas Applied to Image Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Horia Coman, Erhardt Barth, Thomas Martinetz Hand Tracking with an Extended Self-Organizing Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Andreea State, Foti Coleca, Erhardt Barth, Thomas Martinetz Trajectory Analysis on Spherical Self-Organizing Maps with Application to Gesture Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Artur Oliva Gonsales, Matthew Kyan Image Representation Using the Self-Organizing Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Leandro A. Silva, Bruno Pazzinato, Orlando B. Coelho Inverse Halftoning by Means of Self-Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Flavio Moreira da Costa, Sidnei Alves de Ara´ujo, Renato Jos´e Sassi Restoration Model with Inference Capability of Self-Organizing Maps . . . . . 153 Michiharu Maeda Improvements in the Visualization of Segmented Areas of Patterns of Dynamic Laser Speckle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Luc´ıa I. Passoni, Ana Luc´ıa Dai Pra, Adriana Scandurra, Gustavo Meschino, Christian Weber, Marcelo Guzm´an, H´ector Rabal, Marcelo Trivi

Learning Vector Quantization Online Visualization of Prototypes and Receptive Fields Produced by LVQ Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 David Nova, Pablo A. Est´evez Efficient Approximations of Kernel Robust Soft LVQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Daniela Hofmann, Andrej Gisbrecht, Barbara Hammer Gradient Based Learning in Vector Quantization Using Differentiable Kernels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Thomas Villmann, Sven Haase, Marika K¨astner

Nonlinear Analysis and Time Series Nonlinear Time Series Analysis by Using Gamma Growing Neural Gas . . . . 205 Pablo A. Est´evez, Jorge R. Vergara

Contents

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Robust Regional Modeling for Nonlinear System Identification Using Self-Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Amauri H. de Souza Junior, Francesco Corona, Guilherme A. Barreto Learning Embedded Data Structure with Self-Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . . . 225 Edson C. Kitani, Emilio Del-Moral-Hernandez, Leandro A. Silva

Text Mining and Language Processing Enhancing NLP Tasks by the Use of a Recent Neural Incremental Clustering Approach Based on Cluster Data Feature Maximization . . . . . . . 235 Jean-Charles Lamirel, Ingrid Falk, Claire Gardent Combining Neural Clustering with Intelligent Labeling and Unsupervised Bayesian Reasoning in a Multiview Context for Efficient Diachronic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Jean-Charles Lamirel Lexical Recount between Factor Analysis and Kohonen Map: Mathematical Vocabulary of Arithmetic in the Vernacular Language of the Late Middle Ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Nicolas Bourgeois, Marie Cottrell, Benjamin D´eruelle, St´ephane Lamass´e, Patrick Letr´emy Computational Study of Stylistics: Visualizing the Writing Style with Self-Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Antonio Neme, Sergio Hern´andez, Teresa Dey, Abril Mu˜noz, J.R.G. Pulido

Applications of Data Mining and Analysis Verification of Metabolic Syndrome Checkup Data with a Self-Organizing Map (SOM): Towards a Simple Judging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Heizo Tokutaka, Masaaki Ohkita, Nobuhiko Kasezawa, Makoto Ohki Analysis of Farm Profitability and the Weighted Upscaling System Using the Self-Organizing Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Mika Sulkava, Maria Yli-Heikkil¨a, Arto Latukka Professional Trajectories of Workers Using Disconnected Self-Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Etienne Cˆome, Marie Cottrell, Patrice Gaubert Understanding Firms’ International Growth: A Proposal via Self Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Marina Resta, Riccardo Spinelli Short Circuit Incipient Fault Detection and Supervision in a Three-Phase Induction Motor with a SOM-Based Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 David Coelho, Claudio Medeiros

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Contents

The Finnish Car Rejection Reasons Shown in an Interactive SOM Visualization Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Jaakko Talonen, Mika Sulkava, Miki Sirola A Model for Mortality Forecasting Based on Self Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . 335 Marina Resta, Marina Ravera Paths of Wellbeing on Self-Organizing Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Krista Lagus, Tommi Vatanen, Oili Kettunen, Antti Heikkil¨a, Matti Heikkil¨a, Mika Pantzar, Timo Honkela Exploring Social Systems Dynamics with SOM Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Marina Resta Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363