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Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Procedures and Calculation Results

Prepared by: GENIVAR Inc. Submitted to: Suncor Energy Products Inc. April 29, 2013

DOCUMENT INFORMATION Client:

Suncor Energy Products Inc.

Report Title

Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment: Procedure and Calculation Results

Issue Date:

April 29, 2013

Document Version:

9

APPROVALS

[Signed Copy on File]

April 29, 2013

Written by: Matthew Breakey, P. Eng

Date

[Signed Copy on File]

April 29, 2013

Reviewed by: Kim Connolly, P. Eng & Errol Halberg, P. Eng

[Signed Copy on File]

Date

April 29, 2013

Approved by: Rob Istchenko, P.Eng

Date

DISCLAIMER The following report was generated for Suncor with the purpose of assessing and documenting the shadow flicker at the Adelaide Wind Power Project. The distribution, modification or publication of this report is not permitted without prior written agreement from GENIVAR. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither GENIVAR nor its Affiliates makes any warranty, either expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any results or any information disclosed. The interpretation of this and any other data or report related to this project is solely the responsibility of the client.

ii

Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 Objective .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Overview of Shadow Flicker ........................................................................................................... 2 Site Description................................................................................................................................ 3 Shadow Flicker Algorithm & Assumptions ..................................................................................... 3 Shadow Flicker Results.................................................................................................................... 6 Green House Mode Shadow Flicker Results ................................................................................ 6 Shadow Flicker Results for Most Impacted Receptors ................................................................. 7 Conclusions & Recommendations ................................................................................................. 10 Appendix A: WindPRO Shadow Flicker ....................................................................................... 11 Appendix B: Wind Direction Reduction Factor for the Corrected Case........................................ 14 Appendix C: Shadow Flicker Results for Each Receptor .............................................................. 16 Appendix D: Turbine Locations .................................................................................................... 27 Appendix E: Site Photos ................................................................................................................ 28 Appendix F: SWT-2.3-113 Wind Turbine Description ................................................................. 44 Appendix G: Shadow Flicker Maps ............................................................................................... 49

iii

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Adelaide Wind Power Project is being developed by Suncor Energy products Inc. (“Suncor”) and is located in southern Ontario near the city of Strathroy. The purpose of this analysis is to quantify the impact of shadow flicker at each identified receptor. Impact of shadow flicker was quantified as total hours per year and maximum minutes per day. The SHADOW module of the WindPRO software package was used to model “worst-case” and “corrected-case” scenarios for the shadow flicker at 508 receptors within or near project boundaries. All existing residences are considered as receptors, whether they participate or not in the project. Shadow receptor locations were provided to GENIVAR and are based on active residences near the project. The analysis assumes that the residences are made entirely from glass and are sensitive to shadow flicker from any direction (this is referred to as “green house mode”). A field study for ten of the most impacted receptors, shown in Table 1, was completed to qualitatively estimate the influence of obstacles on the predicted shadow flicker for specific windows. Inputs to the model include terrain data, turbine specifications, geographic location of the project to determine the daily sun path, and on-site meteorological data. The shadow flicker modelled for the worst-case assumes that the sky is clear during all daylight hours, the rotor is always perpendicular to the sun, and that the turbine blades are always rotating. In contrast, the shadow flicker modelled for the corrected-case uses available data from public weather stations to determine the probability of bright sunshine and on-site meteorological data is used to estimate periods of turbine operation and turbine orientation. The turbine layout considered for this analysis (revision of September 26, 2012) consists of 22 x Siemens SWT-2.3-113 wind turbines on 99.5 m towers. The receptors with the highest shadow flicker impact from the Suncor Adelaide Wind Power project are listed in Table 1 below. Like most Canadian provinces, Ontario does not have provincial standards stipulating an acceptable limit of shadow flicker at a receptor. Table 1: Estimated Time of Shadow Flicker for the Most Impacted Receptors (10) Receptor

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83

ID

East

North

Z

SF-415 SF-123 SF-407 SF-135 SF-416 SF-132 SF-297 SF-343 SF-94 SF-677

450506 437172 450404 437511 450483 437501 445007 448342 435627 446037

4763077 4763201 4761868 4763287 4761957 4763184 4764402 4764320 4764131 4764310

249 244 252 240 254 240 234 240 248 240

Green House Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Corrected Case Maximum Annual Hours Min/Day 19:19 00:40 14:38 00:47 12:28 00:35 12:03 00:33 09:16 00:32 06:29 00:32 06:12 00:33 06:05 00:26 05:38 00:39 05:35 00:21

Blockage Effect of Obstacles Minimal Full Partial Full Partial E&W, full N Full Partial None None Partial

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

8 24 7 23 7 22 18 14 24 14

June July July June August September June July December June

It is important to consider that the modelling assumptions used in the shadow calculation are conservative and may result in an overestimation of the shadow flicker amounts. Since the model assumes receptors are made entirely of glass, actual size, location and orientation of the windows relative to turbine locations may reduce the degree of flicker inside the dwellings. The effects of shadow flicker on these residences can be refined by determining the locations and dimensions of windows on the respective houses and investigating the presence of buildings, trees, or other obstacles between the house and the wind turbines. On-site verification of windows and obstacles for ten receptors was completed and the blockage effect is qualitatively defined in Table 1. Shadow flicker is expected to be reduced to nil at receptors SF-123, SF-132 and SF-135. Shadow flicker will be significantly reduced by blockage at receptors SF-297, SF-407, SF-416 and SF-677 than the calculated amounts using the green house assumption and un-altered at three receptors: SF-343, SF-415 and SF-94 (equal to amounts using green house assumption). 1

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this report is to estimate the impact of shadow flicker on receptors for both the ‘corrected case’ and ‘worst case’ modelling scenarios. This report presents the algorithm, assumptions and results of the shadow flicker as well as field studies of the ten most impacted receptors: SF-123, SF-132, SF-135, SF-297, SF-407, SF-415, SF-416, SF-677, SF-343 and SF-94.

OVERVIEW OF SHADOW FLICKER Shadow flicker occurs when the rotating blades of a turbine pass through the path between the sun and a window at a receptor when the sun is not obstructed by clouds. This phenomenon is dependent on weather conditions, site topography, and wind direction. The severity of shadow flicker will change both seasonally and hourly as a result of the seasonal movements of the sun. Shadow flicker can be calculated using the worst-case scenario or the corrected-case scenario. The worst-case or ‘astronomical maximum’ shadow flicker considers only the relative geographical location between turbines and receptors and assumes the sun is shining and the turbine rotor is spinning perpendicular to the sun path during all possible daylight hours. The corrected-case or ‘meteorologically probable’ shadow flicker utilizes on-site wind data and expected sunshine probability statistics to account for periods when the turbine is not operational, the orientation of the turbine and the probability of sunlight strong enough to cast a shadow. The occurrence of shadow flicker within a residence requires a direct line-of-sight between a window, a turbine and the sun. Obstructions and the orientation of the turbine and window may result in reduced occurrence of actual shadow flicker at a receptor. In the event that the amount of shadow flicker is a concern, introduction of obstacles and turbine operation adjustment for specific wind directions or times of day may be effective mitigation techniques. Ontario does not have provincial standards stipulating an acceptable limit of shadow flicker at a receptor. This is true for most Canadian jurisdictions which do not have established shadow flicker regulations.

2

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

SITE DESCRIPTION The Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project is located west of the city of London, Ontario. The project location is rural, consisting mainly of cultivated fields and some vegetated valleys. For this analysis, 508 receptors were identified and data was provided by Suncor. Residence locations have been listed in Appendix C: Shadow Flicker Results for Each Receptor. The shadow flicker assessment was completed based on a 22-turbine layout designed using the Siemens SWT-2.3-113 turbine technology, which is characterized by a hub height of 99.5 m and a rotor diameter of 113 m. Locations of wind turbines are listed in Appendix D: Turbine Locations. Relevant information on the Siemens SWT-2.3-113 wind turbine is included in Appendix F: SWT-2.3-113 Wind Turbine Description. The proposed project is adjacent to the proposed NextEra-Adelaide wind power project and these turbines have been included in the analysis. There are two other developments in the region: NextEra-Bornish and Napier, but both wind farms are located at distances significantly larger than a shadow can propagate and they do not influence the shadow flicker results at the Suncor Adelaide receptors. The NextEra - Adelaide project consists of 38 proposed GE 1.6-100 turbines1. The adjacent project and the proposed Adelaide turbine layouts are shown in Appendix G: Shadow Flicker Maps.

SHADOW FLICKER ALGORITHM & ASSUMPTIONS The WindPRO SHADOW module was used to model the shadow flicker at the Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project. WindPRO calculates the cumulative effect of shadowing from all turbines with a line of sight to each receptor. The worst-case results are evaluated on yearly and daily averaging periods and the corrected-case on a yearly averaging period. Elevation data, probability of sunshine, wind speeds, and wind direction were used in the shadow flicker calculation to determine operational periods of the turbine, orientation of the turbine and periods of bright sunshine. The propagation of the blade shadow gets gradually fainter with distance from the turbine and at some distance from the turbine, the edge of the turbine shadow will be hard to distinguish by the human eye. There are multiple methods used to determine the maximum shadow propagation including the blade width method (WindPRO), and ten times the turbine’s rotor diameter 2. The blade width method is the most conservative and has been selected for this report. The maximum shadow propagation distance was calculated and is based on the width of the turbine blade and a minimum solar incidence angle of 3º above the horizon. For the Siemens SWT-2.3-113 turbine, the maximum shadow propagation is estimated at 1,642 m based on the method outlined in Appendix A: WindPRO Shadow Flicker. For the GE 1.6-100 turbines at the NextEra project, the shadow propagation distance was estimated at 1,425 m using the same method. The shadow edge becomes more diffuse with distance until it becomes too faint to be perceptible. The presented shadow flicker amounts are based only on total frequency of shadow flicker and do not distinguish the character of the shadow flicker. WindPRO executes a site specific simulation of the solar trajectory relative to the wind project for an entire year. The complete description and shadow flicker calculation algorithm of WindPRO is provided in Appendix A: WindPRO Shadow Flicker. Both the worst-case and corrected-case shadow modelling scenarios assume that houses within the project have windows oriented in every direction and are, as a result, susceptible to flicker from all directions. This is known as the “green house mode” which represents a conservative estimate of the impact of shadow flicker.

1

NextEra Canada, {http://www.nexteraenergycanada.com/pdf/adelaide/1_DnO_Main_AppA-B_Part9.pdf} March 19, 2013

2

Parsons Brinckerhoff, ‘Update of UK Shadow Flicker Evidence Base’, Department of Energy and Climate Change.

3

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Further conservatism was taken by not including obstacles such as trees or large structures, which could block some or all of the shadow flicker effect at a receptor. Topography was included in the modelling; however, elevation changes smaller than the resolution of the sourced data may not have been captured3. For the ten most impacted receptors, shadow flicker was calculated for windows oriented towards turbines and the effect of obstacles qualitatively analyzed. The calculation of modelled worst-case results assume the following: -

The sun is unobstructed by cloud cover for all daylight hours for the entire year. The wind turbine blades are always rotating. The wind turbine rotor is always facing the sun from the perspective of the receptor.

The calculation of modelled “corrected-case” shadow flicker incorporated probability of sunshine (hours of bright sunshine per month). The sunshine hours for the Adelaide site were derived from the measurements from the London, Ontario, Environment Canada Monitoring station located 37 km from the project site. The station at London, Ontario uses the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder. This recorder consists of a 10-cm glass sphere which focuses sunlight on a card calibrated in hours. Sunlight burns a trace on the card, allowing the observer to determine to the nearest tenth of an hour the amount of sunshine that occurs on a given day. It should be noted that the recorder measures only “bright” sunshine, which is less than “visible” sunshine. For example, sunshine immediately after sunrise and just before sunset would not be bright enough to register. The monthly probabilities of sunshine used in the modelling are presented in Table 2. Table 2: Average Daily Hours of Bright Sunshine for the London Environment Canada Station. Bright Sunshine [hours/day] 2.1 3.2 3.9 5.4 7.1 8.1 8.5 7.2 5.4 4.1 2.3 1.7

Month January February March April May June July August September October November December

On-site wind data have been measured at the Adelaide project since June 9, 2008 and from these measurements, a long-term prediction of the wind dataset was generated during a full wind resource assessment completed by GENIVAR in 20094. The long-term wind dataset was used as inputs in the shadow calculation. The estimated annual number of hours of operation at the Adelaide project is 8064 hours based on the long-term wind data sets for the on-site meteorological tower. For the periods when the wind speed at the project is outside the operational range of the turbines, WindPRO assumes that the blades do not turn and consequently that there will be no shadow flicker. The corrected case shadow flicker hours includes a

3 4

LIO Elevation data has a grid spacing of 10 m, a horizontal uncertainty of 1 m and a vertical uncertainty of 0.25 m. GENIVAR, Adelaide Wind Power Project Resource Assessment Procedures and Calculation Results. November 13, 2009.

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Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment reduction of 8% from worst case shadow flicker hours to account for the 8% of the time the wind turbine blades are not rotating. The yaw system of the wind turbine changes the orientation of the rotor according to the wind direction, thus the shadow cast by the rotating blades changes according to the wind direction. The wind rose representing the wind direction distribution at the Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project is presented in Figure 1. Shadow flicker will have a maximum impact when the rotor is perpendicular or facing the sun and a minimum impact when the rotor is parallel to a line between the sun and the receptor. Based on the wind rose and orientation of each turbine to each receptor, a yaw correction factor was estimated for each pair and this correction factor is presented in Appendix B: Wind Direction Reduction Factor for the Corrected Case. The yaw correction factor has only been estimated for turbine-receptor pairs with at least 1 minute of shadow flicker in a year.

Figure 1: Wind Direction Distribution (Frequency %) at Adelaide Site at 100 m (long-term prediction based on data measured from June 9, 2008 to June 9, 2009).

5

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

SHADOW FLICKER RESULTS Green House Mode Shadow Flicker Results The detailed results of the WindPRO shadow flicker model are presented in tabular form in Appendix C: Shadow Flicker Results for Each Receptor which includes the "corrected-case" annual hours, the “worst-case” annual hours of shadow flicker, and the maximum daily minutes of shadow for the “worst-case” scenario. The shadow flicker resulting from the neighbouring NextEra Adelaide Wind Power project has been included in the results. Maps showing the iso-contour results for the “corrected-case” annual hours of shadow flicker have been included in Appendix G: Shadow Flicker Maps. The results shown in Appendix C: Shadow Flicker Results for Each Receptor and tabulated in Table 3 represent the predicted cumulative shadow flicker results from both the Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project and the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Center. Only receptors experiencing more than 1 minute of shadow flicker originating from a Suncor wind turbine are presented in Table 3. Table 3: Estimated Corrected Shadow Flicker Assuming Green House Mode Receptor ID SF-415 SF-123 SF-407 SF-135 SF-416 SF-132 SF-297 SF-343 SF-94 SF-677 SF-139 SF-347 SF-319 SF-503 SF-183 SF-146 SF-357 SF-193 SF-682 SF-424 SF-680 SF-271 SF-342 SF-126 SF-118 SF-423 SF-176 SF-324 SF-331 SF-231 SF-159 SF-495 SF-673 SF-339

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 450506 437172 450404 437511 450483 437501 445007 448342 435627 446037 437588 448488 446747 452431 439354 437701 448671 439463 449766 450932 448466 443056 448208 437343 436828 450902 438921 447093 447536 441547 438111 452248 438382 448125

North 4763077 4763201 4761868 4763287 4761957 4763184 4764402 4764320 4764131 4764310 4764343 4762967 4765416 4761797 4765081 4764270 4764126 4765852 4764183 4761443 4761669 4764314 4761440 4764597 4764259 4761720 4764275 4765703 4764302 4764349 4764371 4763484 4764242 4764178

Z 249 244 252 240 254 240 234 240 248 240 241 242 231 251 232 242 243 232 248 248 251 230 252 242 246 252 237 228 240 228 238 254 236 240

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 72:12 0:40 49:26 0:47 39:49 0:35 45:33 0:33 32:42 0:32 25:20 0:32 19:49 0:33 30:33 0:26 43:14 0:39 19:04 0:21 30:39 0:29 25:05 0:21 32:16 0:36 13:19 0:20 15:03 0:29 29:14 0:33 29:14 0:38 26:53 0:28 29:27 0:33 10:26 0:17 11:08 0:21 10:26 0:15 10:10 0:15 14:18 0:21 21:17 0:29 8:01 0:20 22:12 0:32 18:23 0:23 6:37 0:14 7:16 0:16 14:44 0:21 8:25 0:24 14:00 0:24 10:50 0:23

6

Corrected Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 19:19 14:38 12:28 12:03 9:16 6:29 6:12 6:05 5:38 5:35 4:48 4:43 4:37 4:16 3:50 3:48 3:41 3:26 3:25 3:24 3:10 3:04 2:59 2:41 2:35 2:23 2:26 2:10 2:07 2:05 1:48 1:47 1:41 1:44

Largest Contribution Turbine* 8 24 7 23 7 22 18 14 24 14 23 9 15 5 20 23 11 20 11 7 7 17 7 26 24 7 23 15 15 19 21 8 21 11

Month June July July June August September June July December June December September November July August December December December December June May June July August December August December January July July December September December February

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-672 SF-516 SF-676 SF-341 SF-315 SF-675 SF-187 SF-349 SF-340 SF-327 SF-44 SF-505 SF-681 SF-294 SF-679 SF-328 SF-310 SF-348 SF-43 SF-522 SF-318 SF-518 SF-329 SF-45 SF-212 SF-351 SF-330 SF-199 SF-520 SF-507 SF-356 SF-521 SF-257 SF-509 SF-674 SF-397 SF-311

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 436809 453028 444431 448219 446310 440170 439444 448575 448126 447343 434604 452459 449108 444886 447855 447389 445854 448539 434587 453556 446536 453400 447451 434617 440595 448601 447526 439774 453445 452688 448667 453475 442390 452795 440051 449802 445880

North 4767022 4763067 4764310 4765445 4766206 4764361 4764419 4764436 4761592 4765455 4764407 4764272 4764191 4764310 4764208 4765641 4766009 4765381 4767025 4762386 4765767 4762835 4765637 4763510 4764189 4765295 4765616 4764337 4763036 4763855 4765129 4762995 4764240 4763472 4764338 4761552 4764089

Z 242 252 232 233 228 230 234 240 252 229 250 245 244 233 241 229 228 234 253 254 228 258 230 256 228 234 230 232 257 248 236 258 229 254 230 254 242

* NextEra turbines are denoted with an “N” prefix

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 15:54 0:23 9:22 0:24 14:10 0:15 10:11 0:23 12:16 0:18 12:07 0:21 10:07 0:20 4:21 0:15 4:27 0:14 6:03 0:19 4:11 0:15 9:36 0:17 9:18 0:17 3:40 0:09 5:34 0:18 5:33 0:18 7:58 0:20 4:16 0:16 5:30 0:16 3:05 0:13 4:01 0:16 3:49 0:16 4:43 0:16 3:04 0:13 7:44 0:16 3:40 0:15 3:57 0:15 3:58 0:16 3:21 0:15 3:15 0:14 3:06 0:14 3:06 0:14 1:56 0:06 2:32 0:12 4:40 0:15 1:34 0:05 1:27 0:05

Corrected Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 1:43 1:38 2:40 1:22 1:20 1:17 1:16 1:14 1:14 1:08 1:07 1:07 1:06 1:04 1:02 0:49 0:50 0:47 0:47 0:47 0:45 0:45 0:44 0:43 1:11 0:41 0:41 0:40 0:38 0:36 0:36 0:35 0:33 0:32 0:28 0:27 0:25

Largest Contribution Turbine* 28 6 19 14 16 21 23 14 7 15 26 8 12 15 11 15 16 14 28 6 16 6 15 24 21 14 15 23 6 8 14 6 18 8 21 5 14

Month December February July November December December November August May October August January January June February February December October November April October March February September November October February February October October October October June September December June June

Shadow Flicker Results for Most Impacted Receptors Shadow Flicker at ten of the most impacted receptors was studied to determine shadow flicker for specific windows and determine if existing obstacles would reduce the shadow flicker experienced at these receptors. Note that a turbine can cast a shadow on two sides of a house at the same time and the corrected case shadow amounts calculated on a window by window basis are not always additive. For shadow flicker to occur, there must be line-of-site from the point of reception to the turbine. A summary of the analyzed receptors, distance to the turbines causing shadow flicker, bearing to the turbines causing shadow flicker and angle to the top of the turbines causing shadow flicker from the receptor is shown in Table 4. The edge of the shadow becomes more diffuse with distance until the shadow becomes too faint to notice. The maximum shadow propagation distance was calculated to be 1,642 m for the Siemens SWT-2.3-113 and 1,425 m for the GE 1.6-100. 7

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Table 4: Summary of Field Verified Receptors Receptor*

Turbine Location*

ID

East

North

SF-94

435627

4764131

SF-123

437172

4763201

SF-132

437501

4763184

SF-135

437511

4763287

SF-297

445007

4764402

SF-343

448342

4764320

SF-407

450404

4761868

SF-415

450506

4763077

SF-416

450483

4761957

SF-677

446037

4764310

Bearing

Turbine ID**

East

North

Distance [km]

Direction [° True]

Sector [1/16]

24 22 24 23 24 22 24 23 22 15 18 11 14 7 11 8 9 5 5 6 7 14

436172 438309 436172 438309 436172 438309 436172 438309 438309 446096 443799 449148 447170 449661 449148 451156 449734 451199 451199 451980 449661 447170

4763648 4763209 4763648 4763703 4763648 4763209 4763648 4763703 4763209 4765010 4765061 4763621 4764853 4762144 4763621 4763377 4763094 4762373 4762373 4762609 4762144 4764853

0.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.6 0.8 1.3

132 90 294 66 289 88 285 62 96 61 299 131 294 290 292 65 271 135 60 66 283 64

SE E WNW ENE WNW E WNW ENE E ENE WNW SE WNW WNW WNW ENE W SE ENE ENE WNW ENE

* Coordinates presented in UTM Zone 17, NAD83. ** NextEra turbines are denoted with an “N” prefix

Obstacle Most Z Affected Angle Season [°] December 12 July 8 July 8 July 7 September 6 September 11 June 6 June 10 June 11 June 7 June 6 July 8 July 7 July 11 June 6 June 12 June 11 June 9 August 11 August 5 August 11 June 7

The expected corrected case shadow flicker at the ten studied receptors for windows oriented towards turbines is shown in Table 5. Photos of each of the receptors (provided by Suncor) and maps showing these locations are shown in Appendix E: Site Photos. Existing obstacles at receptors SF-123, SF-132 and SF-135 will block the majority to all of the shadow flicker, reducing the amount of shadow experienced at these residences to nil. Existing obstacles will partially shield windows from shadow at receptors SF-297, SF-407, SF-416 and SF-677, reducing the overall amount of shadow flicker calculated based on the green house mode assumption. The amount of reduction will depend on the exact geometry of windows and the obstacles which is unknown. It should be further noted that the majority of receptors are greater than 1 km from the turbines resulting in the edge of the shadow being relatively diffuse.

8

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Table 5: Influence of Obstacles on Selected Windows Window Direction

Corrected Case (HH:MM)

Obstacle

E

05:38

No

S

05:38

No

ESE

06:21

Yes

WNW

08:17

Yes

SF-132

All

06:29

Yes

SF-135

All

12:03

Yes

E

02:22

Partial

W

03:50

Partial

SF-343

W S

03:41 02:23

No No

SF-407

W

12:33

Partial

ESE

12:44

No

WNW

06:32

Partial

E

05:31

Partial

N

09:07

Yes

W

09:07

Partial

E

05:35

Partial

N

05:34

Partial

ID

SF-94

SF-123

SF-297

SF-415

SF-416

SF-677

Notes Deciduous trees have been planted in line of site of the turbine, but will not significantly mitigate shadow flicker during winter months. Garage blocks the majority of the south side of house. Two windows on the south side will be exposed to shadow flicker. Deciduous trees will obscure shadow flicker from turbines 22 and 23 Tall conifers will block line of site from turbine 24 mitigating shadow flicker. House surrounded by dense deciduous trees which will block shadow flicker from spring to fall (most affected month is September) House surrounded by dense deciduous trees which will block shadow flicker from spring to fall (most affected month is June) Trees will reduce shadow from Turbine #15. Shadow is expected to be diffuse due to distance (1.2 km). Some trees and the garage will reduce shadow from Turbine #18. Shadow is expected to be diffuse due to distance (1.4 km). Shadow is expected to be diffuse due to distance (1.3 km). Shadow is expected to be diffuse due to distance (1.1 km). Out building and conifer trees will provide partial blockage of shadow from turbine 7. Forests to the east and south may help to reduce some shadow flicker. Shadow from turbine 11 is expected to be diffuse due to distance (1.5 km). Conifers in yard may help to reduce some shadow flicker once the trees grow taller. Deciduous trees and out building will provide partial blockage of shadow from turbine 5 & 6. Shadow from turbine 6 expected to be diffuse. Dense conifers on north side will block most of the shadow. Shadow from turbine 6 is expected to be diffuse. Trees on west side of house will help obscure some of the shadow. There are a few trees on the north-east side of the building offering shade. Shadow from turbine 14 is expected to be diffuse due to distance (1.3 km). Trees on the north-east side of the building will provide some shading. Shadow edge is expected to be diffuse due to distance (1.3 km).

9

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS The present study estimates the cumulative shadow flicker caused by the Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project and the NextEra Adelaide Wind Energy Centre on the surrounding 508 receptors. Shadow receptor locations were provided to GENIVAR and are based on constructed residences near the project. The receptors with the highest modelled cumulative shadow flicker from the Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project are listed in Table 6 below. Ontario does not have provincial standards stipulating acceptable limits of shadow flicker at a receptor. Table 6: Estimated Time of Shadow Flicker for the Most Impacted Receptors (10) Receptor

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83

ID

East

North

Z

SF-415 SF-123 SF-407 SF-135 SF-416 SF-132 SF-297 SF-343 SF-94 SF-677

450506 437172 450404 437511 450483 437501 445007 448342 435627 446037

4763077 4763201 4761868 4763287 4761957 4763184 4764402 4764320 4764131 4764310

249 244 252 240 254 240 234 240 248 240

Green House Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Corrected Case Maximum Annual Hours Min/Day 19:19 00:40 14:38 00:47 12:28 00:35 12:03 00:33 09:16 00:32 06:29 00:32 06:12 00:33 06:05 00:26 05:38 00:39 05:35 00:21

Blockage Effect of Obstacles Minimal Full Partial Full Partial E&W, Full N Full Partial None None Partial

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

8 24 7 23 7 22 18 14 24 14

June July July June August September June July December June

It is important to consider that the modelling assumptions used in the shadow calculation are conservative and may result in an overestimation of the shadow flicker amounts. Since the model assumes receptors are constructed entirely of glass, actual location and orientation of the windows relative to turbine locations may reduce the degree of flicker inside the dwellings. The effects of shadow flicker on these residences can be refined by determining the locations and dimensions of windows on the respective houses and investigating the presence of buildings, trees, or other obstacles between the house and the wind turbines. On-site verification of windows and obstacles for ten receptors was completed and shadow flicker is expected to be reduced to nil at receptors SF-123, SF-132 and SF-135, be significantly reduced by blockage at receptors SF297, SF-407, SF-416 and SF-677 and un-altered at three receptors: SF-343, SF-415 and SF-94. In cases where mitigation is necessary, Suncor has various mitigation measures at their disposal that can be investigated. For example, shutters could be installed on windows or trees planted between the proposed wind turbine and the houses in order to block the shadow. It is GENIVAR's understanding that Suncor will respond to and investigate all complaints regarding shadow flicker from the Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project and will work with residents to identify mitigation measures.

10

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

APPENDIX A: WINDPRO SHADOW FLICKER The following information has been modified from section 4.2 of the WindPRO help files. Introduction to SHADOW SHADOW is the WindPRO calculation module that calculates how often and in which intervals a specific area will be affected by shadows generated by one or more wind turbines. These calculations are expected case scenarios (i.e. calculations which are solely based on the probability of sunshine as calculated from the monthly maximum total duration of bright sunshine and the position of the turbine relative to the sun or the astronomical maximum shadow). Shadow flicker impact may occur when the blades of a wind turbine pass through the sun’s rays seen from a specific spot (e.g. a window in an adjacent settlement). If the weather is overcast or calm, or if the wind direction forces the rotor plane of the wind turbine to stand parallel with the line between the sun and the neighbour, the wind turbine will not produce shadow flicker impacts. Apart from calculating the potential shadow flicker impact at a given neighbour, a map rendering the iso-lines of the shadow flicker impact can be printed. This printout will render the amount of shadow flicker impact for any spot within the project area. The time of the day for which shadow flicker impact is critical and the definition of a receptor for which shadow flicker impact is calculated are less rigidly defined by best practices and is often something which should be evaluated in each individual case. As an example, a factory or office building would not be affected if all the shadow flicker impact occurred after business hours, whereas it would be more acceptable for private homes to experience shadow flicker impact during working hours, when the family members are at work/school. Finally, the actual amount of shadow flicker impact as a fraction of the calculated potential risk will depend heavily on the geographic location in question. In areas with high rates of overcast weather the problem would obviously decrease, and during potential hours of shadow flicker impact in the summer the wind turbine may often be stationary due to lack of wind. Statistics regarding the wind conditions and number of hours with clear sky can also be taken into account. As in the other WindPRO modules, input of data can be based solely on entering coordinates and characteristics for the individual wind turbine and shadow flicker receptors manually. A significant strength in the WindPRO system is the option of direct graphic on-screen input of wind turbines and receptors on a map.

11

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment The SHADOW Calculation Method The calculation of the potential shadow flicker impact at a given receptor is carried out simulating the situation. The position of the sun relative to the wind turbine rotor disk and the resulting shadow flicker is calculated in steps of 1 minute throughout a complete year. If the shadow flicker of the rotor disk (which in the calculation is assumed solid) at any time casts a shadow flicker reflection on the window, which has been defined as a receptor object, then this step will be registered as 1 minute of potential shadow flicker impact. The following information is required: -

The position of the wind turbines (x, y, z coordinates) The hub height and rotor diameter of the wind turbines The position of the receptor object (x, y, z coordinates) The size of the window and its orientation, both directional (relative to south) and tilt (angle of window plane to the horizontal). The geographic position (latitude and longitude) together with time zone and daylight saving time information. A simulation model, which holds information about the earth’s orbit and rotation relative to the sun.

12

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment The SHADOW Calculation Model In the shadow flicker calculation model used by WindPRO the following parameters defines the shadow flicker propagation angle behind the rotor disk:   

The diameter of the sun, D: 1,390,000 km The distance to the sun, d: 150,000,000 km Angle of attack: 0.531 degrees

Theoretically, this would lead to shadow flicker impacts in up to 4.8 km behind a 45 m diameter rotor disk. In reality, however, the shadows never reach the theoretical maximum due to the optic conditions of the atmosphere. When the sun gets too low on the horizon and the distance becomes too long the shadow dissipates before it reaches the ground (or the receptor). How far away from the wind turbine the shadow will be visible is not well documented and so far only the German guidelines set up limits for this. The default distance of WindPRO is calculated based on blade width and the default minimum angle is 3° above the horizon. If the German guidelines are used, the maximum distance from each wind turbine can be calculated using the formula. Max. distance = (5*w*d) / 1,097,780 Where w is the average width of the blade. The value of 1,097,780 is derived from the diameter of the sun, reduced by a compensation factor for the fact that the sun disk is a circle and not a square.

13

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

APPENDIX B: WIND DIRECTION REDUCTION FACTOR FOR THE CORRECTED CASE The wind direction reduction factor is calculated by WindPRO based on the geographic location of each receptor, turbine and the site specific wind rose. The following table is based on detailed WindPRO output for the shadow flicker simulation. ID SF-118 SF-123 SF-126 SF-132 SF-135 SF-139 SF-146 SF-159 SF-176 SF-183 SF-187 SF-193 SF-199 SF-212 SF-231 SF-257 SF-271 SF-294 SF-297 SF-310 SF-311 SF-315 SF-318 SF-319 SF-324 SF-327 SF-328 SF-329 SF-330 SF-331 SF-339 SF-340 SF-341 SF-342

5

6

7

8

9

11

12

13

14

Turbine Number 15 16 17 18

19

20

21

22 0.62 0.62 0.63

0.66 0.67 0.61

0.59 0.59 0.59

0.60 0.59

0.60 0.59 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.66

0.67

0.59

0.66

0.60 0.59 0.60 0.62

0.59

14

0.59

0.59 0.67 0.67 0.61 0.59

0.67

0.59

23 0.65 0.59

0.59

0.59

24 0.61 0.65 0.59 0.65 0.64 0.59

26 0.64 0.65

27

28

Total 0.67 0.63 0.62 0.63 0.61 0.65 0.67 0.67 0.61 0.61 0.59 0.67 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.63 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.66 0.67 0.60 0.59 0.59

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment ID SF-343 SF-347 SF-348 SF-349 SF-351 SF-356 SF-357 SF-397 SF-407 SF-415 SF-416 SF-423 SF-424 SF-43 SF-44 SF-45 SF-495 SF-503 SF-505 SF-507 SF-509 SF-516 SF-518 SF-520 SF-521 SF-522 SF-672 SF-673 SF-674 SF-675 SF-676 SF-677 SF-679 SF-680 SF-681 SF-682 SF-94

5

6

7

8

0.66

0.62

11 0.67

12

0.65 0.59

0.65 0.64 0.65 0.67

0.59

0.62

13 0.62

0.68

0.59 0.68 0.59

9

14 0.65

Turbine Number 15 16 17 18

19

20

21

23

24

26

27

28

0.59 0.64 0.60 0.61

0.65

0.61

0.62

0.65

22

0.60

0.66

0.59 0.60 0.62

0.59 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.63

0.65

0.59 0.66

0.62

0.65

0.59

0.59

0.67 0.60 0.59

0.59 0.67

15

Total 0.66 0.64 0.59 0.64 0.60 0.61 0.68 0.59 0.65 0.62 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.65 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.59 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.63 0.59 0.67 0.60 0.59 0.65 0.59 0.65 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.67

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

APPENDIX C: SHADOW FLICKER RESULTS FOR EACH RECEPTOR Receptor ID SF-1 SF-2 SF-3 SF-4 SF-5 SF-6 SF-8 SF-9 SF-10 SF-11 SF-12 SF-13 SF-14 SF-15 SF-16 SF-17 SF-18 SF-19 SF-20 SF-21 SF-22 SF-23 SF-24 SF-25 SF-26 SF-27 SF-28 SF-29 SF-30 SF-32 SF-33 SF-34 SF-35 SF-36 SF-37 SF-38 SF-40 SF-41 SF-43 SF-44 SF-45 SF-46 SF-47 SF-48 SF-49 SF-50 SF-51 SF-53

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 433393 433415 433486 433529 433536 433630 433686 433682 433682 433684 433738 433745 433759 433790 433858 433879 433886 433889 433928 433928 433932 433936 433931 433939 433945 433956 433967 433961 433994 434046 434071 434089 434089 434139 434210 434224 434407 434432 434587 434604 434617 434619 434653 434696 434735 434767 434767 434843

North 4762204 4761545 4761665 4764120 4767020 4768993 4768979 4767169 4768833 4761567 4768977 4766544 4768795 4761756 4765045 4768256 4767759 4761744 4761844 4763925 4766329 4767122 4767479 4765265 4768211 4768785 4768559 4768595 4768953 4768929 4761672 4761212 4768867 4761655 4768728 4761750 4761496 4768770 4767025 4764407 4763510 4761577 4768735 4761667 4768710 4761692 4761794 4768589

Z 254 251 251 240 251 246 246 252 246 253 245 252 246 256 244 250 250 258 260 246 252 258 256 248 252 242 249 249 240 238 260 260 240 261 246 263 252 246 253 250 256 248 249 249 250 248 248 250

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 05:30 00:16 04:11 00:15 03:04 00:13 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

16

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:47 01:07 00:43 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

28 26 24

November August September

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-56 SF-58 SF-59 SF-60 SF-61 SF-63 SF-66 SF-67 SF-68 SF-69 SF-70 SF-71 SF-72 SF-73 SF-74 SF-75 SF-76 SF-77 SF-78 SF-79 SF-80 SF-82 SF-83 SF-84 SF-85 SF-86 SF-87 SF-92 SF-93 SF-94 SF-95 SF-96 SF-97 SF-98 SF-99 SF-101 SF-102 SF-103 SF-104 SF-105 SF-106 SF-107 SF-108 SF-109 SF-110 SF-111 SF-112 SF-113 SF-114 SF-115

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 434964 435037 435148 435152 435168 435188 435215 435223 435239 435244 435247 435256 435253 435274 435278 435320 435334 435333 435362 435364 435387 435500 435510 435518 435544 435546 435559 435673 435677 435627 435680 435685 435685 435685 435688 435708 435741 435755 435785 435813 435870 435960 436085 436120 436183 436201 436480 436486 436603 436604

North 4761869 4767103 4768493 4768541 4769254 4768751 4768917 4768954 4768580 4768726 4769269 4769017 4768694 4769083 4761700 4768954 4769019 4769206 4769039 4769262 4767023 4764362 4768441 4768669 4766891 4768416 4761525 4761694 4767443 4764131 4767965 4767651 4768025 4768097 4767539 4768473 4761670 4768462 4763213 4761542 4761650 4767090 4767095 4768278 4768276 4768387 4766997 4761691 4764243 4768178

Z 247 254 247 248 233 243 238 238 245 245 231 235 245 235 252 237 236 231 234 232 256 247 239 236 253 238 252 257 253 248 244 248 244 244 252 240 258 242 252 252 257 254 253 239 237 236 244 252 249 234

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 43:14:00 00:39 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

17

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 05:38 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

24

December

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-116 SF-117 SF-118 SF-119 SF-120 SF-121 SF-122 SF-123 SF-124 SF-126 SF-127 SF-128 SF-129 SF-130 SF-131 SF-132 SF-133 SF-134 SF-135 SF-136 SF-137 SF-138 SF-139 SF-140 SF-142 SF-143 SF-144 SF-145 SF-146 SF-147 SF-149 SF-150 SF-151 SF-152 SF-153 SF-154 SF-155 SF-156 SF-157 SF-158 SF-159 SF-160 SF-161 SF-162 SF-163 SF-164 SF-165 SF-166 SF-167 SF-168

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 436598 436787 436828 436841 436891 437030 437090 437172 437179 437343 437393 437417 437429 437441 437486 437501 437504 437499 437511 437530 437531 437564 437588 437585 437621 437616 437665 437677 437701 437719 437764 437831 437876 437921 437924 437985 438045 438083 438110 438130 438111 438188 438223 438277 438264 438394 438482 438498 438530 438531

North 4761546 4764378 4764259 4761770 4768217 4768182 4761571 4763201 4761670 4764597 4767133 4767957 4768069 4761557 4767013 4763184 4767866 4761805 4763287 4767774 4766165 4768053 4764343 4761561 4767681 4767237 4767929 4765487 4764270 4767558 4767903 4767977 4767016 4767085 4767859 4766964 4761524 4761780 4767943 4761629 4764371 4761546 4766781 4764378 4761561 4767105 4767011 4764361 4761415 4767810

Z 251 247 246 247 232 229 246 244 245 242 237 228 228 245 236 240 226 244 240 230 237 233 241 245 231 233 232 240 242 232 236 239 238 238 239 238 244 244 242 242 238 244 238 236 243 235 235 234 244 236

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 21:17 00:29 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 49:26:00 00:47 00:00 00:00 14:18 00:21 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 25:20:00 00:32 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 45:33:00 00:33 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 30:39:00 00:29 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 29:14:00 00:33 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 14:44 00:21 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

18

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 02:35 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 14:38 00:00 02:41 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 06:29 00:00 00:00 12:03 00:00 00:00 00:00 04:48 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 03:48 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:48 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

24

December

24

July

26

August

22

September

23

June

23

December

23

December

21

December

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-170 SF-171 SF-172 SF-173 SF-174 SF-175 SF-176 SF-177 SF-178 SF-179 SF-180 SF-181 SF-182 SF-183 SF-184 SF-185 SF-186 SF-187 SF-188 SF-189 SF-190 SF-191 SF-192 SF-193 SF-194 SF-195 SF-196 SF-197 SF-198 SF-199 SF-200 SF-201 SF-202 SF-203 SF-204 SF-205 SF-206 SF-207 SF-208 SF-209 SF-210 SF-211 SF-212 SF-213 SF-214 SF-215 SF-216 SF-218 SF-219 SF-221

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 438788 438789 438796 438859 438884 438904 438921 438948 439044 439044 439263 439302 439354 439354 439391 439424 439426 439444 439426 439453 439465 439470 439460 439463 439478 439527 439588 439635 439661 439774 439861 439862 439882 439901 439979 439974 440012 440127 440220 440349 440383 440530 440595 440599 440659 440717 440791 440883 440881 441026

North 4761647 4764392 4767661 4761547 4767554 4761647 4764275 4766936 4761638 4767695 4766872 4767093 4761171 4765081 4766922 4761156 4767594 4764419 4761665 4767388 4767460 4766104 4766283 4765852 4767084 4767495 4767085 4767547 4767072 4764337 4761725 4767069 4761682 4761492 4761641 4767317 4761667 4767063 4766940 4761719 4766981 4767599 4764189 4761490 4761517 4761651 4764200 4767275 4761675 4767125

Z 244 235 235 242 235 243 237 229 243 236 226 225 242 232 225 241 231 234 242 230 231 229 228 232 223 230 223 229 222 232 238 222 238 238 239 222 238 226 228 238 228 218 228 240 239 238 228 224 239 222

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 22:12 00:32 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 15:03 00:29 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 10:07 00:20 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 26:53:00 00:28 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 03:58 00:16 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 07:44 00:16 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 09:00 00:15 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

19

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 02:26 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 03:50 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:16 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 03:26 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:40 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:11 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:08 00:00 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

23

December

20

August

23

November

20

December

23

February

21

November

NextEra

December

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-222 SF-223 SF-224 SF-225 SF-226 SF-227 SF-228 SF-229 SF-230 SF-231 SF-232 SF-233 SF-234 SF-235 SF-236 SF-237 SF-238 SF-239 SF-240 SF-241 SF-242 SF-243 SF-244 SF-245 SF-246 SF-247 SF-248 SF-249 SF-250 SF-251 SF-252 SF-253 SF-254 SF-255 SF-256 SF-257 SF-258 SF-259 SF-260 SF-261 SF-262 SF-263 SF-264 SF-265 SF-266 SF-267 SF-268 SF-270 SF-271 SF-272

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 441047 441086 441144 441146 441196 441196 441212 441294 441454 441547 441648 441653 441719 441724 441760 441791 441878 441878 441925 441955 442019 442038 442104 442111 442218 442246 442248 442278 442260 442325 442328 442324 442312 442339 442343 442390 442411 442397 442414 442411 442529 442560 442608 442637 442692 442851 442968 443030 443056 443047

North 4766989 4764345 4762565 4767021 4761474 4767103 4761811 4763805 4761533 4764349 4761619 4761495 4761620 4761533 4767093 4766947 4761540 4761601 4761530 4761594 4761511 4761528 4761547 4763995 4761611 4761795 4761766 4761544 4761601 4761730 4761665 4761805 4761613 4761547 4761603 4764240 4761665 4761616 4761711 4761729 4766944 4761506 4767116 4764333 4766738 4761483 4764245 4763161 4764314 4767056

Z 223 223 233 224 242 223 239 230 241 228 239 238 238 237 224 224 238 237 238 238 239 238 237 232 236 238 238 236 237 240 239 240 238 236 238 229 240 239 240 240 226 239 222 230 226 241 230 235 230 220

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 33:37:00 00:32 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 27:42:00 00:31 00:00 00:00 07:16 00:16 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:56 00:06 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 58:54:00 00:56 10:26 00:15 00:00 00:00

20

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 09:35 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 03:50 00:00 02:05 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:33 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 10:49 03:04 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

NextEra

June

NextEra

January

19

July

18

June

NextEra 17

October June

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-273 SF-274 SF-275 SF-276 SF-277 SF-279 SF-280 SF-281 SF-282 SF-283 SF-284 SF-285 SF-286 SF-287 SF-288 SF-289 SF-290 SF-291 SF-292 SF-293 SF-294 SF-295 SF-296 SF-297 SF-298 SF-299 SF-300 SF-301 SF-302 SF-303 SF-304 SF-305 SF-306 SF-307 SF-308 SF-309 SF-310 SF-311 SF-312 SF-313 SF-314 SF-315 SF-316 SF-317 SF-318 SF-319 SF-320 SF-321 SF-322 SF-324

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 443126 443131 443149 443285 443429 443558 443614 443728 443801 443914 444079 444140 444133 444329 444503 444541 444640 444657 444712 444866 444886 444897 444975 445007 445034 445100 445166 445323 445376 445383 445442 445505 445508 445559 445597 445758 445854 445880 445969 446038 446058 446310 446465 446515 446536 446747 446868 447018 447055 447093

North 4763432 4763629 4763057 4766751 4764320 4761434 4766620 4766641 4766560 4761455 4766530 4761478 4766409 4761439 4761623 4764215 4766290 4766378 4761455 4761445 4764310 4764147 4761777 4764402 4764208 4766152 4761612 4764200 4766289 4761622 4761480 4761484 4766174 4766087 4764315 4766109 4766009 4764089 4761494 4764066 4761602 4766206 4761448 4761453 4765767 4765416 4766079 4761626 4761576 4765703

Z 234 233 236 224 230 241 225 225 225 242 223 242 225 243 242 234 226 226 242 243 233 233 242 234 234 228 243 236 226 244 244 244 228 228 236 228 228 242 244 242 244 228 246 246 228 231 228 250 250 228

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 42:44:00 00:32 29:36:00 00:28 37:21:00 01:07 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 11:41 00:18 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 03:40 00:09 00:00 00:00 03:46 00:12 19:49 00:33 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:36 00:05 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 07:58 00:20 01:27 00:05 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 12:16 00:18 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 04:01 00:16 32:16:00 00:36 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 18:23 00:23

21

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 05:49 03:51 07:45 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:29 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:04 00:00 01:03 06:12 00:00 00:00 00:28 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:50 00:25 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:20 00:00 00:00 00:45 04:37 00:00 00:00 00:00 02:10

Largest Contribution Turbine NextEra NextEra NextEra

Month December December October

NextEra

January

15

June

NextEra 18

May June

NextEra

June

16 14

December June

16

December

16 15

October November

15

January

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-325 SF-326 SF-327 SF-328 SF-329 SF-330 SF-331 SF-332 SF-333 SF-334 SF-335 SF-336 SF-337 SF-338 SF-339 SF-340 SF-341 SF-342 SF-343 SF-344 SF-346 SF-347 SF-348 SF-349 SF-351 SF-352 SF-353 SF-354 SF-355 SF-356 SF-357 SF-358 SF-359 SF-362 SF-371 SF-372 SF-373 SF-380 SF-384 SF-386 SF-389 SF-391 SF-393 SF-394 SF-396 SF-397 SF-398 SF-399 SF-401 SF-402

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 447160 447248 447343 447389 447451 447526 447536 447553 447729 447771 447787 447770 447924 447931 448125 448126 448219 448208 448342 448491 448524 448488 448539 448575 448601 448630 448648 448634 448647 448667 448671 448700 448746 448986 449073 449075 449083 449153 449355 449366 449534 449570 449687 449703 449768 449802 449917 449940 450011 450050

North 4761581 4761588 4765455 4765641 4765637 4765616 4764302 4764082 4761467 4765785 4761643 4765511 4761576 4761412 4764178 4761592 4765445 4761440 4764320 4761270 4760531 4762967 4765381 4764436 4765295 4758894 4759358 4759055 4759240 4765129 4764126 4759503 4765427 4758900 4758867 4765343 4758950 4758877 4758918 4764176 4765133 4758875 4761554 4765047 4758847 4761552 4761480 4758919 4761384 4761561

Z 250 250 229 229 230 230 240 242 252 230 251 230 251 252 240 252 233 252 240 254 250 242 234 240 234 242 246 242 245 236 243 246 235 242 241 238 240 239 240 244 241 242 254 242 238 254 254 239 251 254

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 06:03 00:19 05:33 00:18 04:43 00:16 03:57 00:15 06:37 00:14 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 02:47 00:09 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 10:50 00:23 04:27 00:14 10:11 00:23 10:10 00:15 30:33:00 00:26 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 25:05:00 00:21 04:16 00:16 04:21 00:15 03:40 00:15 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 03:06 00:14 29:14:00 00:38 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:34 00:05 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

22

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 01:08 00:49 00:44 00:41 02:07 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:52 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:44 01:14 01:22 02:59 06:05 00:00 00:00 04:43 00:47 01:14 00:41 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:36 03:41 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:27 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

15 15 15 15 15

October February February February July

NextEra

July

11 7 14 7 14

February May November July July

9 14 14 14

September October August October

14 11

October December

5

June

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-403 SF-404 SF-407 SF-408 SF-409 SF-414 SF-415 SF-416 SF-417 SF-418 SF-419 SF-420 SF-421 SF-422 SF-423 SF-424 SF-425 SF-426 SF-427 SF-428 SF-429 SF-430 SF-431 SF-432 SF-433 SF-434 SF-435 SF-436 SF-437 SF-438 SF-439 SF-440 SF-441 SF-442 SF-443 SF-444 SF-445 SF-446 SF-447 SF-448 SF-449 SF-450 SF-451 SF-452 SF-453 SF-454 SF-455 SF-456 SF-457 SF-458

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 450083 450176 450404 450406 450412 450495 450506 450483 450549 450566 450663 450820 450840 450868 450902 450932 450962 451057 451207 451212 451318 451324 451363 451378 451381 451422 451424 451468 451616 451636 451641 451643 451687 451751 451821 451886 451904 451914 451932 451959 451983 451991 452009 452011 452011 452015 452021 452024 452038 452060

North 4758847 4764990 4761868 4765030 4761574 4759517 4763077 4761957 4759129 4761477 4765056 4764837 4758861 4764180 4761720 4761443 4758870 4758831 4764769 4758890 4761477 4764759 4758825 4764173 4759035 4761576 4764207 4758831 4758829 4764552 4764189 4764342 4758890 4761547 4764262 4758864 4759045 4758981 4765196 4758979 4765059 4758986 4759101 4759062 4759147 4759198 4758997 4759338 4759384 4758994

Z 238 244 252 238 252 242 249 254 240 251 240 246 236 248 252 248 234 234 245 235 248 246 234 247 236 249 246 235 234 244 246 245 234 248 248 234 234 234 245 234 246 234 235 234 236 236 234 234 234 234

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 39:49:00 00:35 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 72:12:00 00:40 32:42:00 00:32 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 08:01 00:20 10:26 00:17 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

23

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 12:27 00:00 00:00 00:00 19:19 09:16 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 02:23 03:24 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

7

July

8 7

June August

7 7

August June

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-459 SF-460 SF-461 SF-462 SF-463 SF-464 SF-465 SF-466 SF-467 SF-468 SF-469 SF-470 SF-471 SF-472 SF-473 SF-474 SF-475 SF-476 SF-477 SF-478 SF-479 SF-480 SF-481 SF-482 SF-483 SF-484 SF-485 SF-487 SF-488 SF-489 SF-490 SF-491 SF-492 SF-493 SF-494 SF-495 SF-496 SF-497 SF-498 SF-499 SF-500 SF-501 SF-502 SF-503 SF-504 SF-505 SF-507 SF-509 SF-510 SF-511

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 452060 452064 452070 452073 452073 452076 452078 452078 452075 452082 452091 452092 452096 452106 452106 452121 452123 452138 452143 452145 452151 452158 452151 452163 452166 452166 452178 452178 452199 452203 452214 452203 452217 452222 452224 452248 452249 452285 452294 452294 452300 452300 452317 452431 452453 452459 452688 452795 452825 452880

North 4759454 4759487 4759207 4759252 4759288 4759519 4759082 4759152 4759327 4759548 4759370 4764275 4759003 4759405 4759575 4759019 4759446 4759307 4759238 4759580 4759195 4759043 4761474 4759128 4759159 4759347 4759387 4759595 4759423 4759475 4759662 4760095 4759595 4759742 4759535 4763484 4759101 4759456 4759547 4759605 4759644 4759690 4761661 4761797 4761389 4764272 4763855 4763472 4764202 4764062

Z 236 236 236 236 236 236 235 236 236 236 236 247 235 236 236 234 236 238 236 237 235 234 252 235 235 238 238 238 238 238 239 243 239 238 239 254 234 237 238 239 239 240 250 251 250 245 248 254 251 248

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 08:25 00:24 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 13:19 00:20 00:00 00:00 09:36 00:17 03:15 00:14 02:32 00:12 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

24

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:47 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 04:16 00:00 01:07 00:36 00:32 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

8

September

5

July

8 8 8

January October September

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-512 SF-513 SF-514 SF-515 SF-516 SF-517 SF-518 SF-519 SF-520 SF-521 SF-522 SF-523 SF-524 SF-525 SF-526 SF-527 SF-528 SF-529 SF-531 SF-532 SF-533 SF-534 SF-535 SF-536 SF-537 SF-538 SF-539 SF-540 SF-542 SF-543 SF-544 SF-545 SF-546 SF-547 SF-548 SF-549 SF-550 SF-568 SF-590 SF-602 SF-671 SF-672 SF-673 SF-674 SF-675 SF-676 SF-677 SF-678 SF-679 SF-680

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 452908 452996 453011 453045 453028 453065 453400 453420 453445 453475 453556 453659 453701 453761 453801 453867 453912 453908 453999 454034 454069 454146 454157 454168 454179 454196 454308 454320 454530 454538 454542 454551 454589 454598 454595 454666 454657 437249 441089 442366 435782 436809 438382 440051 440170 444431 446037 447262 447855 448466

North 4759788 4759643 4761444 4759905 4763067 4761482 4762835 4761571 4763036 4762995 4762386 4761761 4762667 4761430 4760613 4760578 4760626 4762430 4760693 4761662 4761621 4761386 4761449 4760880 4760987 4761455 4761110 4761128 4761704 4761337 4762018 4761182 4761409 4761453 4761727 4762359 4761934 4768148 4759893 4761946 4766905 4767022 4764242 4764338 4764361 4764310 4764310 4764048 4764208 4761669

Z 237 236 244 236 252 245 258 246 257 258 254 249 260 244 244 244 244 258 241 246 246 244 245 241 240 245 241 241 252 246 258 245 247 248 252 260 257 235 249 242 252 242 236 230 230 232 240 240 241 251

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 09:22 00:24 00:00 00:00 03:49 00:16 00:00 00:00 03:21 00:15 03:06 00:14 03:05 00:13 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 53:56:00 00:57 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 15:54 00:23 14:00 00:24 04:40 00:15 12:07 00:21 14:10 00:15 19:04 00:21 00:00 00:00 05:34 00:18 11:08 00:21

25

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 01:38 00:00 00:45 00:00 00:38 00:35 00:47 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 12:33 00:00 00:00 01:43 01:41 00:28 01:17 02:40 05:35 00:00 01:02 03:10

Largest Contribution Turbine

Month

6

February

6

March

6 6 6

October October April

NextEra

September

28 21 21 21 19 14

December December December December July June

11 7

February May

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment Receptor ID SF-681 SF-682 SF-683 SF-684 SF-685 SF-703 SF-714 SF-715 SF-716 SF-732

Location UTM Zone 17, NAD83 East 449108 449766 450387 451191 451708 447664 442531 447785 443798 449727

North 4764191 4764183 4761465 4764200 4761444 4766283 4761614 4761432 4767283 4765610

Z 244 248 251 248 248 230 240 252 224 240

Worst Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual Max Day 09:18 00:17 29:27:00 00:33 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

26

Corrected Case Shadow Flicker (HH:MM) Annual 01:06 03:25 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00 00:00

Largest Contribution Turbine 12 11

Month January December

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

APPENDIX D: TURBINE LOCATIONS Location Elevation ID UTM Zone 17, NAD83 (m) Easting Northing 5 451,199 4,762,373 254 6 451,980 4,762,609 254 7 449,661 4,762,144 254 8 451,156 4,763,377 254 9 449,734 4,763,094 250 11 449,148 4,763,621 246 12 447,877 4,763,360 242 13 447,187 4,762,975 247 14 447,170 4,764,853 232 15 446,096 4,765,010 232 16 445,133 4,765,332 227 17 444,507 4,765,066 230 18 443,799 4,765,061 229 19 442,948 4,764,967 226 20 440,256 4,765,227 228 21 439,160 4,763,535 239 22 438,309 4,763,209 240 23 438,309 4,763,703 240 24 436,172 4,763,648 250 26 436,111 4,764,848 250 27 435,962 4,765,466 247 28 435,864 4,766,263 246

27

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

APPENDIX E: SITE PHOTOS

Figure 2: Proposed Infrastructure Around Receptor SF-297 28

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 3: Images of Receptor SF-297 (both images face south-east)

29

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 4: Proposed Infrastructure Around Receptor SF-343 30

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 5: Images of Receptor SF-343 (Top looking NE, bottom looking NW)

31

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 6: Proposed Infrastructure Around Receptor SF-677 32

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 7: Image of Receptor 667 Looking North

33

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 8: Proposed Infrastructure Around Receptor SF-94 34

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 9: Images of Receptor SF-94 (top looking south-east, bottom looking north-west)

35

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 10: Proposed Infrastructure Around Receptor SF-123 36

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 11: Images of Receptor SF-123 (top image looking south-east and the bottom image looking north-west)

37

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 12: Images of Receptor SF-132 (top image looking north-west and the bottom looking west)

38

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 13: Images of Receptor SF-135 looking west

39

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 14: Proposed Infrastructure Around Receptor SF-407 & SF-416 40

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 15: Images of Receptor SF-407 (Top image looking north-west and the bottom image looking north-east)

41

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 16: Images of Receptor SF-415 (top image looking east and bottom image looking south)

42

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

Figure 17: Images of Receptor SF-416 (top image looking south-east and bottom image looking northeast)

43

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

APPENDIX F: SWT-2.3-113 WIND TURBINE DESCRIPTION

44

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

45

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

46

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

47

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

48

Suncor Adelaide Wind Power Project Shadow Flicker Assessment

APPENDIX G: SHADOW FLICKER MAPS

49

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