Acquiring and Managing Global Power New American Diplomacy Chapter 7 Section 3 Pages 276-283

Learning Objectives… What You Need to Know… • Terms: Big Stick Policy, Roosevelt Corollary, Dollar Diplomacy, Moral Diplomacy, Panama Canal, spheres of influence, Open Door Policy • Analyze key perspectives on US Foreign Policy between 1890-1917 • Question: Were US interventions abroad between 1890 and 1917 motivated more by realism or idealism?

Realism and Idealism… • Realism – based on the belief that relations with other countries should be guided by national self – interest. – Foreign policy should pursue practical objectives that benefit the American People

• Idealism- based on the belief that values and ideals should influence how countries relate to one another – Foreign policy is used to promote America’s founding ideals – democracy, liberty and rights

Introduction • May 1, 1901 Pan-American Exposition opened in Buffalo, NY • Designed to highlight achievements of the nations of Western Hemisphere • 3 years after Spanish-American war the US wanted to showcase themselves as a world power • A large Triumphal Bridge served as the entrance to the fair as a symbol of America Triumph

Introduction • Showcased developments going into the 20th century – Agriculture – Transportation – Industry

• Electric Tower – 400 feet high, built to celebrate electricity • Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show – reminded spectators of the vanishing “western frontier”

Introduction • Latin American countries are not well represented • Expo was designed to promote cooperation and goodwill between the US and other nations • Sept 5, 1901 McKinley gives a speech • Next day he is shot and dies a week later • VP T. Roosevelt assumes office

Three Presidents, Three Foreign Policies • President McKinley set the stage for aggressive Foreign Policy • Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson pursued their own policies • Foreign policies differed but each president expanded our interests – Some were realist and some were idealist

• National Interest – set of goals that a nation considers important (political, economic, military and cultural)

Roosevelt Expands US Overseas • Roosevelt wanted to make US a great power that could expert influence around the world • “I have always been fond of the West African Proverb: ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far’”. • Big Stick Policy – working quietly and patiently to achieve overseas goals but use force if necessary

Roosevelt Expands US Overseas • 1904 – Speech to Congress and introduced this policy • Monroe Doctrine was just to keep Europe out of the US – Many countries in our hemisphere were still too weak to defend themselves

• “International police power” – preserve peace and order in the hemisphere and protect American interests

Roosevelt Expands US Overseas • Police Power – would protect weak nations and was a direct extension of the Monroe Doctrine • Roosevelt Corollary – logical extension of a principle (in this case, the Monroe Doctrine) • US intervened repeatedly in Latin America and the Caribbean – Sent troops to suppress unrest and prop up rulers who supported the US – Claimed this was necessary to promote stability in this region but many critics saw this as an exercise of imperial power

Roosevelt Expands US Overseas • 1905- diplomacy – mediated a conflict between Japan and Russia • Nobel Peace Prize = 1906 for his efforts in ending that war • The Treaty Roosevelt negotiated left Japan and Russia unhappy with the US

• Around each spoke diagram, add at least three key pieces of info about this foreign policy…

Roosevelt Big Stick Policy

• Around each spoke diagram, add at least three key pieces of info about this foreign policy… Believed the US should be a great power and exert influence over the world; he would use force, if necessary, to achieve this

Roosevelt Big Stick Policy

He issued the Roosevelt Corollary, which he said the US must act as an “international police power” to preserve peace and order and protect American interests in the Western Hemisphere

As a result, the US intervened repeatedly in Latin America and the Caribbean to promote stability in the region

Taft Advanced US Economic Interests • 1909 Taft becomes president • Continues main thrust of Roosevelt’s foreign policy • Dollar Diplomacy – encourage and protect American trade and investment in Latin America and Asia • Believed a strong economic presence abroad would advance American interests

Taft Advanced US Economic Interests • This would limit the use of force overseas • US still continued to intervene militarily • Nicaragua – supported a revolt that brought pro- US leader into power in 1911 • American banks then provided loans in the new government • The new government was corrupt and unpopular, new revolt broke out in 1912 • Taft sent troops to put it down and protect American business interests • Troops stayed in 1933

• Around each spoke diagram, add at least three key pieces of info about this foreign policy…

William Howard TaftDollar Diplomacy

• Around each spoke diagram, add at least three key pieces of info about this foreign policy… He developed a policy based on economic goals He encouraged American trade and investments in Latin America and Asia

William Howard TaftDollar Diplomacy

He claimed this would limit the use of force overseas, but when problems arose the US used force to protect its interests

Wilson Champions Democracy Around the Globe • Moral Diplomacy – Wilson’s moral approach to foreign policy • Based on democratic ideals rather than on economic investments or the use of force • US should use its power to aid “the development of constitutional liberty in the world”. • Wilson based foreign policy on “human rights, national integrity, and opportunity”

Wilson Champions Democracy Around the Globe • Self-Determination – concept that means the right of other peoples to determine their own government, free of outside influence • Latin America – “We must prove ourselves their friends and champion upon terms of equality, and honor… whether its squares with our own interests or not”

Wilson Champions Democracy Around the Globe • Principles tested • 1915 revolt in Haiti prompted Wilson to send marines to protect American lives and investments • 1934 – US withdrew the troops in Haiti • 1916 Wilson sent troops to Dominican Republic – stayed for 12 years • Wilson intervened more than either Taft or Roosevelt

• Around each spoke diagram, add at least three key pieces of info about this foreign policy…

Woodrow Wilson Moral Diplomacy

• Around each spoke diagram, add at least three key pieces of info about this foreign policy… He based his foreign policy on democratic ideals rather than economic investments or the use of force

Woodrow Wilson Moral Diplomacy

Despite promises that America would be more concerned with human rights than with its own economic or political interests, he intervened in Latin America and the Caribbean more than either Roosevelt or Taft

He believed that American interests were best served by supporting democracy and introduced the value of selfdetermination