Marine Protected Areas Governance PROGRAM

Edition #3, 2013

Achievement

October - December 2012 Conservation should be perceived as an effort to ensure the sustainable utilization of resources; it goes beyond simply prohibition and protection

MPA design must consider ecological connectivity; therefore, MPA Networks that can protect the entire life cycle of an important species within a particular MPA must be established Fisherman village at Anambas The Marine Protected Areas Governance (MPAG) program is a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) grant program that provides support to the Government of Indonesia’s commitment to designate and effectively manage Marine Protected Areas spanning 20 million hectares by 2020. MPAG is made up of three components: 1) Supporting the establishment of a National MPA System; 2) Advancing MPA management effectiveness at selected sites; 3) Assessing Host Country Systems (HCS) for the management of foreign grants to government entities.

MPAG News is published quarterly based on the activities carried out by a consortium of five NGOs, namely Conservation International (CI), Coral Triangle Center (CTC), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and WWF Indonesia at both the national and site level. This MPAG News issue #3 describes some of the MPAG achievements over the period October to December 2012. The digital version of this issue can be accessed at www.kkji.kp3k.kkp.go.id

© Asril Djunaidi/CI

MPAs offer significant ecological and biological benefits, while at the same time augmenting local community incomes (research by University California Santa Barbara, USA)

MPAG General Achievements

At the request of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), MPAG has conducted a study on the harmonization of management for seven Marine National Parks (Taman Nasional - TN) currently managed by the Ministry of Forestry. These include the Thousand Islands National Park, Karimun Jawa National Park, Wakatobi National Park, Bunaken National Park, Togean National Park, Cenderawasih National Park, and Takabonerate National Park. The study took three months (September 15 to December 15, 2012), and

identified all of the management systems utilized by the seven marine national park UPTs (Technical Implementation Units), and then compared them with the management systems of ten KKPN under the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. It focused on six key areas: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

© Handoko AS/MPAG

S

ome of the important activities carried out by MPAG and its partners in the period between October and December 2012 can be summarized as follows:

Regulations/Policies Institutional Arrangements Human Resources Infrastructure Financing Operational Management.

Exhibition in Konas 8 Mataram

The results of the review suggest that there is potential to increase MPAs by up to 8.4 million hectares through the inclusion of:

A more detailed report on the results of this study can be obtained from the MPAG office.

1. Marine Sanctuaries (DPLs) developed by COREMAP (2.1 million ha)

In this period MPAG and WCS have also completed a spatial analysis review to provide input to the strategy to achieve 20 million hectares of MPA.

2. Priority areas from conservation atlas book that have not yet been converted into conservation areas (4.3 million ha)

© Handoko AS/MPAG

3. The expansion of land conservation areas toward marine areas (1.2 million ha). A more detailed report on the results of this study can be accessed at the MPAG office.

A session in Konas 8 Mataram

MPAGNews

2

Edition #3, 2013

In addition to the above, MPAG has also supported a review on the benefits of MPAs for sustainable fisheries and tourism. This review was conducted by graduate students from IPB (Bogor Agricultural University), and the results constitute part of the scientific input to the Decision Support System (DSS).

MPAG supported the Dit. KKJI (KKJI Directorate) to hold a lunchtime talk show on the side event of the Konas 8 (the eighth National Conference) in Mataram. This was opened by the Director General of KP3K along with the support of the KKJI Director Dr. Toni Ruchimat and the marine expert Prof. Rokhmin Dahuri. Below are some of the key points shared by the speakers:

1. Indonesia currently has 15.7 million hectares of MPA, with the expansion of these areas to 20 million hectares by 2020 continuing in accordance with Government commitments. The biggest challenge here is how to achieve the effective management of these MPAs. 2. It should be reiterated that conservation goes beyond simply prohibition and protection. Conservation, instead, should also be perceived as an effort to ensure sustainable resource utilization. 3. Research conducted by the University of California, Santa Barbara on the performance of 200 MPAs worldwide - 80 MPAs and 120 MPAs in tropical and non-tropical regions respectively - found that MPAs provide significant benefits in terms of ecology, biology, species richness, at the same time as augmenting local community incomes. 4. MPA management that incorporates zoning systems is an appropriate strategy for Indonesia, which is still categorized as a developing country. With a zoning system, communities can optimally benefit from MPAs at the same time as playing an active role in MPA management.

© Rony Megawanto/MPAG

5. MPA design should consider ecological connectivity; therefore, MPA Networks, which can protect the entire life cycle of an important species within a particular MPA, must be established.

MPAGNews

3

Edition #3, 2013

Component 1: Supporting the Establishment of a National MPA System Institutional Improvement MPAG has been supporting the preparation of technical guidelines for the evaluation of the management effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas, coastal areas, and small islands (E-KKP3K). Currently, the guidelines have been endorsed through a Director General Decree, and guidebooks have been printed and distributed to relevant stakeholders at the national and regional level. To disseminate the technical guidelines, KKJI and MPAG recently held a workshop in Yogyakarta. Not only does the E-KKP3K technical guideline serve as a guide but it also acts as a tool to measure the management effectiveness of a particular area. This means that the effective management of areas throughout Indonesia is now supported both by guidelines and a measurement tool. Later on, the guidelines will be translated into English and accompanying user support software will be produced. The guidelines are also a national first in terms of standards that align with existing regulations and that also make reference to relevant resources from IUCN, TNC, the World Bank, LIPI, and WCS. Prior to legalization, the guidelines were pilot-tested in the field,

including at MPAG sites and other MPAs such as Batang, Sukabumi, Pieh, Pesisir Selatan, and Raja Ampat. The team preparing the Ministerial Regulation concerning MPA Networks has now completed the drafting process as the result of several meetings and discussions with marine experts. The drafting team is composed of representatives from the KP3K legal bureau, universities, and NGOs. This Ministerial Regulation is mandated by PP No. 60 of 2007 on the Conservation of Fisheries Resources. At this time, the draft has been submitted to the MPA Legal Bureau and will be followed by discussions with the initiator of the Ministerial Regulation, namely KP3K and other Director Generals relevant to MPAs. PP No. 60 of 2007 also mandates the establishment of a Ministerial Regulation on co-management in the management of MPAs in Indonesia. This Ministerial Regulation stipulates that MPA management may involve communities through partnerships between organizational unit administrators and community groups and/or indigenous peoples, non-governmental organizations, corporations, research institutes, and universities. Two initial meetings in Yogyakarta and Batam have been held and were attended by KKJI, MPAG, and partners. These meetings were followed

MPAGNews

4

Edition #3, 2013

• Conservation does not mean solely prohibition and protection. Conservation, instead, should also be understood as an effort to ensure the sustainable development of resource utilization. • MPAs provide significant benefits to ecology, biology, species richness, as well as generating income for local communities. • MPA design should consider ecological connectivity, so there is a need to build MPA Networks that can protect the entire lifecycle of important species in an MPA.

© TNC

Human Resources Capacity Development

by a focus group discussion on January 21 and a miniworkshop on the preparation of a partnership framework between KKJI, PKSPL IPB, and MPAG in early February. These meetings involved the government and the local government, marine experts, universities, and conservation practitioners. Indicators for the Ecosystem Approach for Fisheries Management (EAFM) have been refined based on some tests conducted in several FMAs (Fisheries Management Areas). Through collaboration with BPSDM, MPAG is also supporting the development of training modules on EAFM implementation for certification process. In addition, the EAFM Indonesia website that has been developed will be integrated with the Dit. SDI website to ensure its future management sustainability. In the area of human resources development, MPAG is supporting BPSDM KP in preparing the Minister of Marine and Fisheries Regulation concerning Standards for Special Competency (SKK) for marine conservation management in Indonesia. This SKK comprises curricula and training modules. The SKK draft on the rudiments of MPA management and an MPA management plan have been completed and will be submitted to the Minister by the SKK Committee.

MPAG is developing training modules with primary reference to NOAA training modules; topics include the Basic of MPA management, MPA management planning, and sustainable fisheries management within MPAs. In addition to this, MPAG is part of the Human Resources & Development Working Group (Pokja SDM) that has identified the minimum competencies required for MPA management, namely: a) Work Attitude and Personality; b) Policy; c) Conservation Area Planning and Management; d) Sustainable Development and Community Empowerment; e) Management of MPAs and Fisheries; f) Assessment of Biophysical Conditions for Marine Conservation; and g) Assessment of Socio-Economic Conditions for Marine Conservation Areas. This list was agreed in a technical

MPAG is part of the Human Resources & Development Working Group (Pokja SDM) that has identified the minimum competencies for MPA management

MPAGNews

5

Edition #3, 2013

workshop involving experts and conservation practitioners. With respect to the government’s authority as the MPA management entity, particular functional positions specifically dedicated to MPA administrators are required. These will serve as a reference for government staff pursuing a career path in MPA management and will outline the required minimum competencies that must be possessed for the management of MPAs. MPAG has initiated some study on the development of these functional positions. Furthermore, the Human Resources & Development Working Group (Pokja SDM) will also engage the MMAF Personnel Bureau to encourage the establishment of functional positions within MMAF and District Governments by 2013. In addition to the above, MPAG is continuing conservation training activities at both the national and site level in collaboration with BPSDM and NOAA.

Sustainable Financing The Sustainable Financing Working Group (Pokja SF) has completed two SOPs, namely an SOP for Trust Fund Institutional Design and an SOP for a Trust Fund Work Mechanism, as well as a background paper on the urgency of the establishment of a Trust Fund for MPA management in Indonesia. The Pokja SF is made up of representatives from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Finance, Bappenas, and NGOs. A Working Group meeting on November 9, 2012

Component 1: Supporting the Establishment of a National MPA System discussed the details of the Trust Fund establishment plan and the mechanism for channeling funds to NGOs and local governments. Presidential Regulation No. 80 of 2011 regarding Trust Funds sets out that grants received through Trust Funds must meet the three following criteria: 1) There is a commitment from the donor; 2) There is an identified need to support the achievement of thematic targets; and 3) There is the existence of an agreement between the grantor and the grantee. For the purpose of the establishment of the Trust Fund, MPAG is supporting the creation of communication materials that can be used for fundraising.

Establishment of Trust Funds must meet the following criteria: • There is a commitment from the donor

DSS Management MPAG continued its support to the Dit. KKJI in the development of a website and database that will serve as a web portal for Indonesian marine conservation. The website has been experiencing a lot of progress, has been updated regularly, and is available in two languages. To maintain the quality of content and the security of web data, ten SOPs related to its management have been developed, including: a) SOPs for website management and user administration, namely data installation, user registration, and error recovery operations; b) SOPs on data management and website operation, namely adding data into the database and website, editing conservation area data in the database and website, adding/editing fish species conservation data in the database and website, adding/ editing documents and galleries, data sharing mechanism, and discussion forum management.

MPAG continues its support to Dit. KKJI through the development of a conservation website and database as a web portal for Indonesian marine conservation This conservation website portal now contains: over 320 articles relating to conservation, policy and legislation; data on 105 conservation areas and 41 fish species; and a number of photographs. The website can be found at http://www.kkji.kp3k.kkp. go.id, and as of December 23, 2012 had received 240,540 hits.

• There is an identified need to support the achievement of thematic targets • There is the existence of an agreement between the grantor and the grantee

Conservation website as it appers on http://www.kkji.kp3k.kkp.go.id

MPAGNews

6

Edition #3, 2013

Component 2: Advancing MPA Management Effectiveness at Selected Sites Bali MPA Network The Head of the Bali Provincial Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, together with eight Heads of Bali District Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Offices, reached a consensus on an MPA Network on December 19, 2012. The meeting, held in Sanur, resulted in three points of agreement, namely: 1) Set up a Bali MPA Network for the protection, conservation, and utilization of coastal resources; 2) Finalize a Bali MPA Network Blueprint; and (3) Ensure that the preparation of the Blueprint carefully considers the local wisdom of indigenous Balinese people and other applicable legislation.

The Bali MPA Network Working Group, made up of representatives from NGOs and Provincial/District Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Offices, has drafted a Blueprint for further discussion with the Heads of District Offices, providing strategic direction on the building of an MPA Network. One of the important references for the development of the Blueprint were the results of the 2011 Marine Rapid Assessment Program (MRAP), the report of which has already been distributed to relevant stakeholders.

The Bali MPA Network Blueprint is being prepared by considering the local wisdom of indigenous Balinese people and prevailing legislation Bird’s Head Seascape MPA Network MPAG is supporting the institutional strengthening of KKPD management, namely the District Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD). With the support of the Walton Foundation, a review has been conducted assessing the possibility of changing UPTD system into District Public Service Agency (BLUD). In the Raja Ampat MPA Network, MPAG is also supporting the development of: a Conservation Business Plan; a Zoning and Management Plan; and a Raja Ampat MPA Network Human Resources Capacity Building Strategy. This period also saw the delivery of some training on sustainable tourism in MPA in the BPPP Manado, North Sulawesi.

Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of Bali MPA Network

MPAGNews

7

Edition #3, 2013

© Handoko AS/MPAG

Component 2: Advancing MPA Management Effectiveness at Selected Sites

Wayag, Raja Ampat

The process of developing the Raja Ampat MPA Network has been documented in a lessons learned document. This has been communicated to relevant stakeholders and has been used as part of the DSS scientific input.

The Working Group itself consists of representatives from the Anambas Marine and Fisheries District Office, Loka KKPN Pekanbaru, and other relevant stakeholders.

MPAG has facilitated the Working Group (Pokja) commissioned to prepare a management plan for the Anambas National Marine Recreational Park, including providing support for community outreach activities, meeting with the private sector, and delivering some MPA training.

One of the primary references in the preparation of management and zoning plans are the results of Marine Rapid Assessment Program (MRAP) carried out in mid 2012. These results have been presented to relevant stakeholders, including the Dit. KKJI, and the MRAP report itself is in the process of finalization. The results of this review also supported the local community to reach an agreement on determining the minimum size of juvenile Napoleon fish that can be caught.

© Asril Djunaidi/CI

Another project supported by MPAG has been the institutionalization of training programs through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between CI, BPSDM, BPPP Ambon, and the Raja Ampat District Training Agency.

Anambas National Marine Recreational Park

Floating Fish Cage in Anambas

MPAGNews

8

Edition #3, 2013

In order to develop comanagement arrangements, MPAG has supported a process to analyze and map the stakeholders working in Gili Matra. These can generally be divided into five main groups, namely: villagers; District government; Provincial government; private sector; and Central government as the area management authority.

Savu Sea Marine National Park Together with BKKPN Kupang and the P4KKP team, MPAG has conducted a workshop on the establishment of a Marine Conservation Council. Workshop participants, consisting of 30 representatives from various groups, agreed on the establishment of the East Nusa Tenggara Province Conservation

A meeting of Nusa Penida MPA Working Group in Klungkung

© Handoko AS/MPAG

A Working Group (Pokja), with representatives from BKKPN Kupang, the North Lombok District Government, and other relevant stakeholders, commissioned to prepare a Gili Matra Marine Recreational Park Management Plan, has been endorsed through Decision Letter No.21.3.8/BKKPN/XI/2012 in November 2012. Currently this Working Group is facilitating a public consultation process on the draft of a zoning plan. The second draft of the management plan document has been finalized. In parallel, some basic training on MPAs for relevant stakeholders to enhance their understanding about the importance of conservation has also been held.

© WIra Sanjaya/CTC

Gili Matra Marine Recreational Park

Marine Protected Area in Kuanheun Village, Savu Sea Marine National Park

Council by a Governor Decree. This Council will serve as a forum for collaboration among stakeholders in supporting the management of the Savu Sea Marine National Park. MPAG has also supported BKKPN Kupang in the carrying out of public consultation sessions on the draft of a management and zoning plan for the Savu Sea National Park. The period of October to December 2012 saw five public consultation sessions take place, involving seven villages and two sub-districts representing two districts, namely Manggarai

MPAGNews

9

Edition #3, 2013

and West Manggarai. So far, 71 public consultation sessions have taken place, attended by 850 stakeholders. To support the finalization of the management and zoning plans, the Head of BKKPN Kupang has formed a working group tasked with the continuation of public consultation activities and the finalization of the management and zoning plans. Concurrently, MPAG is supporting the development of SOPs for the implementation of ground-truthing, resource use monitoring, manta tow surveys, and community mapping.

Component 2: Advancing MPA Management Effectiveness at Selected Sites

© Handoko AS/MPAG

Nusa Penida MPA

Bajo Village, Wakatobi

Wakatobi National Park MPAG has facilitated a series of discussions between indigenous people, fishermen, Wakatobi district government, and Wakatobi National Park in order to achieve the better management of marine resources. This has resulted in a shared commitment to manage marine resources by prioritizing efforts to protect MPAs from destruction, improving the welfare of the community, building partnerships, and recognizing of the rights of local indigenous people.

programs with a more structured approach. In addition, MPAG has also shared knowledge on how to manage ecotourism with local governments, local communities, and overseas volunteers.

Jointly, MPAG and the Working Group also provided input to the Klungkung District Government in the formulation of a District Regulation concept concerning entrance fees for tourists visiting Nusa Penida for diving or snorkeling. This sort of fee will create a new source of revenue that can be allocated to manage the MPA through the UPTD.

© Handoko AS/MPAG

MPAG has also conducted a training on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) for community groups aimed at improving their ability to analyze and prioritize

MPAG, in cooperation with the Working Group (Pokja) at the Nusa Penida MPA, has collected biophysical and socio-economic data as input to the finalization of management and zoning plans. The process of data collection followed some protocols (SOPs) that had been agreed, namely a coral reef health monitoring protocol and resource use monitoring protocol.

Seaweed farmer in Nusa Penida

MPAGNews

10

Edition #3, 2013

MPAG continued its support for the Tanjung Batu and Labuan Cermin communities in the implementation of Conservation Action Planning (CAP), at the same time as gathering input pertaining to the draft of the Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K). MPAG has also supported the development of a Strategic Plan for the Biduk Biduk Sub-district through the establishment of a working group. Additionally, ‘Introduction to Coastal Ecosystems’ training has been carried out, attended by local community groups, village authorities, women’s groups, and journalists from a local magazine.

© R. Ardiwijaya /TNC

Berau MPA

Training on introduction to coastal ecosystem in Sigeding, Berau

© Handoko AS/MPAG

Southeast Maluku MPA (West Kei Kecil)

A meeting between MPAG-WWF with Kei Kecil community

MPAGNews

11

Edition #3, 2013

MPAG has supported the Southeast Maluku District government in the preparation of management plan and zoning through participatory mapping; local wisdom studies related to conservation; Survey of Spawning Aggregation Sites (SPAGs); turtle monitoring; and the preparation of an academic paper in collaboration with the Pattimura University. Previously attended by local government officials and local leaders, MPAG facilitated training on MPA 101 for local communities. This was attended by 132 participants (48 women and 64 men) from 25 villages.

Host Country System Assessment A study on Host Country Systems (HCS) or foreign grant management systems has been completed, covering the cycle of planning, budgeting, disbursement, program implementation, financial reporting, and auditing. It identifies several new regulations that allow government systems to manage foreign grants more optimally. Based on this study, a mechanism to channel foreign grants to local governments and NGOs had been designed through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries or Trust Fund. To disseminate information on this mechanism, MPAG facilitated a workshop on the management of foreign grants in December. This workshop was attended by staff from Sestditjen KP3K, KKJI, the Inspectorate General and Research Agency of MMAF. Resource persons for the workshop were MPAG consultants and staff from the Ministry of Finance.

Foreign grant management includes the entire cycle of planning, budgeting, disbursement, program implementation, financial reporting, and auditing.

Information For more information, please contact: Marine Protected Areas Governance (MPAG) One Wolter Place, Lt. Mezzanine Jl. Wolter Monginsidi 63, Jakarta Selatan 12180 Tel : (021) 739 4457 Faks : (021) 739 4531 Email : [email protected]

MPAGNews

MPAGNews is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of MPAG and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government.

12

Edition #3, 2013

© MPAG

Component 3: Assessing Host Country Systems (HCS) for the Management of Foreign Grants to Government Agencies