Volume 1, No. 4, June 2012 ISSN – 2278-1080 The International Journal of Computer Science & Applications (TIJCSA) RESEARCH PAPER Available Online at http://www.journalofcomputerscience.com/

Accessing Web Content on Mobile Devices: Relevance, State of the Art and Future Direction Prof. B.V.Wakode Assistant Professor Government College of Engineering, Amravati, India [email protected]

Dr.D.N.Choudhari Dean Academics Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engg. & Tech. Yavatmal, India

Dr.V.M.Thakare Head of Department SGB, Amravati University Amravati, India

Abstract With huge growth in web contents, accessing it from mobile devices is becoming increasingly popular. Mobile web users face a big problem as the majority of web contents are designed for desktop computers. Also in case of mobile devices processor speed, memory capacity, screens size imposes certain problem to access the web contents. Therefore, not only users seem to have problems in navigating, but often mobile users experience slow connection speeds and sometimes get disconnected unexpectedly. To solve this issue there is need of methodology which leads to a solution for web content adaption in mobile devices. This paper focus on challenges, issues and techniques in accessing web contents on mobile devices.

Keywords-web content adaption, mobile devices 1. Introduction

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BhushanVitthalraoWakode, Dr.D.N.Choudhari, Dr.V.M.Thakare, The International Journal of Computer Science & Applications (TIJCSA) ISSN – 2278-1080, Vol. 1 No. 4June 2012 Now a day’s people want to access web content anytime, anywhere and on any device. Accessing the web from mobile devices is becoming increasingly popular up to an extent that mobile devices are becoming integral part of our life. With mobile devices, the small screen, limited memory and bandwidth, limited typography, nature of wireless networks, limited network connectivity, limited storage and battery capacities may present physical constraints. Besides the web design and physicals constraint, some of other issues include the user interactivity with the content, especially with less technology experience. Individual users often have different interests and preferences based on their requirements [1], [2]. Therefore, not only users seem to have problems in navigating, but often mobile users experience slow connection speeds and sometimes get disconnected unexpectedly. This aspect of wireless networks is challenging for delivering web content that typically contains attractive graphics and various types of multimedia. Many mobile users are not able to tolerate long delays and as a result they get frustrated, resentment and reluctant to further browse the web via mobile handheld devices. Since many web pages are originally designed to be displayed on desktop environment, directly presenting them on the small screen of mobile handheld devices makes the presentation look aesthetically unpleasant and difficult to read as user’s need to scroll the screen from top to bottom and left to right [3], [4], [5]. Difficulties to navigate through the device causes users to get disorientated in a menu system, without knowing where they are, where to go next and how to get back to previous navigation routes or known parts in the menu [6]. Following this scenario it is found that research on accessing web content in mobile devices is becoming more important.

2. Related Work Mobile Web can be considered a subset of the World Wide Web, implemented using specialized markup languages. Content targeted at mobile devices is typically designed to mitigate the lower bandwidths of wireless networks as well as the reduced CPU and storage limitations of mobile devices. In order to maintain reasonable download times, Web designers reduce the size of mobile Web pages and the number of images per page.WML 1.0, WML 2.0/XHTML; Mobile Profile (XHTMLMP) and Compact HTML (C-HTML) are popular mobile web formats. Jingguo Wang, Raj Sharman[7] proposed a framework for shared content management in replicated web systems. A feedback learning design framework is developed for shared content management that uses problem decomposition and controlled simulation. They address four design issues as selection of content components for replication, placement of the component replicas among a set of distributed edge servers, consistency maintenance policies for the component replicas, network architecture for request routing and replica updating. Daud Endam, YazrinaYahya, Muriati Mukhtar, Wan Azlin Zurita, Wan Ahmad[2] proposed study for design of mobile web content that is suitable for users in which it meet users values and requirement. Their findings provide motivation to system developer to develop mobile web application with a simple design, easy to use, simple navigation, fast and content relevant to users as this will increase site’s utility and value to users, especially when they are on the go and accessing it from a mobile device. Jukka K. Nurminen, Johan Wikman, Heikki Kokkinen[8] demonstrate how an existing content management system, Drupal, can be used as a personal web site that is running on a mobile phone. Drupal is a free software package that allows an individual or a community of users to easily publish, manage and organize a wide variety of content on a website. The tremendous growth in demand for content is outpacing the capacity of the Internet, as evidenced by the long © 2012, http://www.journalofcomputerscience.com - TIJCSA All Rights Reserved

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BhushanVitthalraoWakode, Dr.D.N.Choudhari, Dr.V.M.Thakare, The International Journal of Computer Science & Applications (TIJCSA) ISSN – 2278-1080, Vol. 1 No. 4June 2012 response time encountered in many content delivering processes. Hyea Kyeong Kim, Young U. Ryu, Yoonho Cho [7] proposes a Customer Driven Recommender system for content recommendation. The proposed system uses local processing method in a preference based customer network, a form of social network. Pilunchana Kiatruangkrai, Poomipat Phusayangkul, Supanut Viniyakul [8] developed real time communication content management system for E-commerce. The design emphasizes on real time communication in ecommerce environment by giving instant messages. Real time content management help firms build their own e-commerce website without any coding and improve customer relationship management efficiency. Raquel Vásquez-Ramírez, Giner Alor-Hernández, Rubén Posada-Gómez [4] designed an architecture for developing educational content management system which combines Learning management System with Content Management System. As the great development of distributed content sharing, social networks, and mobile communication technology, it is possible to change the conventional learning environment into M-learning environment. Page segmentation is the commonly used technique for fragmenting web page into small blocks so as to fit in small mobile devices. S. Yu, D. Cai, J.R. Wen, and W.Y. Ma [10] proposed vision-based page segmentation (VIPS) which can efficiently keep related content within a page together while separating semantically different blocks from each other. In order to reduce bandwidth usage and accelerate dynamic content access in mobile computing environment caching technique is generally used.Zhigang Hua, Xing Xie, Hao Liu [14] proposed an adaptive scheme called MobiDNA, aiming to comprehensively improve the dynamic content browsing experience for mobile users. The rapid increase in the size of content and the number of users has significantly impacted the way in which content is designed and distributed over the Internet [12]. With the increasing availability and popularity of web enabled consumer mobile devices there is a need of recommender system on portable devices. A. C. M. Fong, Baoyao Zhou, S. C. Hui [13] proposed web content recommender system based on consumer behaviour modelling. The approach is applicable to deliver recommendations on portable devices. In order to generate personalized web content recommendations customer periodic access patterns are mined from semantically enrich web usage log. This periodic access patterns are used for finding customer web access patterns and behaviours. With such knowledge web resources are prepared in which customer is most probably interested. The fuzzy representation is used to construct a knowledge base of the consumer’s web access habits and behaviours. This is then used to provide timely and useful personalized recommendations to the consumer. Mingqiu Song and Bo Yu [5] stated a HTML to WML Translating Model Based on Information Extraction for Mobile Commerce. The proposed model appears to be a good solution for mobile commerce to obtain the useful information accurately and comprehensively. It also bridges the gap between Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). Various issues has to be considered regarding mobile web content such as format usage, geographic distribution, page sizes, page connectivity, image content, WML cards, image content, user agent adaptation, advertisement content[6].He Li and Meng Dan [14] of North china university of technology proposed WAP based teaching information service system. This system realizes some functions such as teaching announcement management, sending and receiving messages, course score management etc, and discusses the overall system design, technical scheme and the key realization skills. The system is designed in order to expand the existing teaching information service system of North China University of Technology. The existing system was web based system, considering the shortage and demand of system the existing system is expanded through mobile technology using Wireless Application Protocol. © 2012, http://www.journalofcomputerscience.com - TIJCSA All Rights Reserved

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BhushanVitthalraoWakode, Dr.D.N.Choudhari, Dr.V.M.Thakare, The International Journal of Computer Science & Applications (TIJCSA) ISSN – 2278-1080, Vol. 1 No. 4June 2012

3. Current Technology The spread of Web-enabled mobile client devices, such as laptops, handheld PCs, PDAs, and smart phones, has significantly changed the scope of World Wide Web. An increasing number of mobile users can access vast amounts of data in the form of Web content. With the development in mobile communications technology and Internet technology, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) has become the world's major standard of mobile terminals accessing wireless information services. WAP Based Teaching Information Service System [14] makes full investigation in the field of WAP push technology.WAP uses wireless markup language for content management. 3.1 Markup Languages for Wireless System Various markup languages for wireless system are evolved till date. Handheld Device Markup Language [HDML] is used to define hypertext-like content and applications for hand-held devices with small displays. Tagged Text Markup Language (TTML) is targeted towards Short Messaging Services. Compact hypertext markup language (cHTML) is the content description language used in imode specially designed for small information devices. XHTML Basic is released by World Wide Consoritorium in 2000. Wireless Markup Language (WML) is the most evolved and currently used markup language for Wireless Application Protocol. A fully XML (eXtensibleMarkup language) compliant descendant of HDML. It is more graceful and is supported by all new wireless phones. WML was designed for low-bandwidth, small-display devices. WML requires very little bandwidth resources compared to HTML. A HTML to WML translating model based on information extraction for Mobile Commerce is proposed in [5]. 3.2 Mobile Application Development Platforms Web2.0 brings a revolution in web development from wide range of issues. Mobile Web 2.0 was discussed from the AJAX and Widget technology side by C´aceres [18] and Kaar [19]. Koskela discussed context-Aware mobile Web 2.0 service, connecting user contexts and community information with web services [20]. Mobile Content includes text, audio, video, multimedia messaging, flash etc. Number of application development platform are available to create this rich and compelling mobile contents. Commonly used mobile application development platforms are Java Mobile Edition (J2ME). .NET Compact Framework (CF), Flash-Lite and Android. Based on the characteristics of the platform and requirement of the application any of the platforms is selected for the development of mobile application. With emergence of new platforms there is need of cross platform application development framework. Divya Sambasivan, Nikita John, Shruthi Udayakumar, Rajat Gupta [21] designed a generic framework for cross platform mobile application development. 3.3 Web Content Adaption The major concern for mobile web design is mobile content adaption. N.M. Su, Y. Sakane, M. Tsukamoto, and S. Nishio[22] proposed a method that presents a thumbnail view of web content. Page segmentation is the commonly used technique for fragmenting web © 2012, http://www.journalofcomputerscience.com - TIJCSA All Rights Reserved

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BhushanVitthalraoWakode, Dr.D.N.Choudhari, Dr.V.M.Thakare, The International Journal of Computer Science & Applications (TIJCSA) ISSN – 2278-1080, Vol. 1 No. 4June 2012 page into small blocks so as to fit in small mobile devices. S. Yu, D. Cai, J.R. Wen, and W.Y. Ma [23] proposed vision-based page segmentation (VIPS) which can efficiently keep related content within a page together while separating semantically different blocks from each other. In order to reduce bandwidth usage and accelerate dynamic content access in mobile computing environment caching technique is generally used. ZhigangHua, Xing Xie, Hao Liu [14] proposed an adaptive scheme called MobiDNA, aiming to comprehensively improve the dynamic content browsing experience for mobile users. With development in content management and mobile communication technology it is possible to change conventional learning process. Ma Yunpeng[11] proposed architecture to change conventional learning environment into m-learning environment. A mobile web prototype model for Malaysian Agricultural Research And Development Institute is proposed in [4].

4. Conclusion With huge growth of mobile computing environment there is need of efficient method to access web contents on mobile devices. Existing system for mobile web accessing lack in performance because of various factors such as small screen, limited memory, limited typography, nature of wireless networks, limited network connectivity, and limited storage and battery capacities. To overcome this concerns certain adaptive techniques has to be incorporated so as to improve the performance.

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BhushanVitthalraoWakode, Dr.D.N.Choudhari, Dr.V.M.Thakare, The International Journal of Computer Science & Applications (TIJCSA) ISSN – 2278-1080, Vol. 1 No. 4June 2012 [8] Jukka K. Nurminen, Johan Wikman, Heikki Kokkinen, Petteri Muilu, Markus Grönholm, “Drupal Content Management System on Mobile Phone”, IEEE Communications Society CCN, pp.228-1229, 2008. [9] Hyea Kyeong Kim, Young U. Ryu, Yoonho Cho, Jae Kyeong Kim, “Customer-Driven Content Recommendation Over a Network of Customers”, IEEE Transactions On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics—Part A: Systems And Humans, vol. 42, no. 1, pp.4856, May 2011. [10] S. Yu, D. Cai, J.R. Wen, W.Y. Ma, “Improving Pseudo-Relevance Feedback in Web Information Retrieval Using Web Page Segmentation”, Proc. 12th World Wide Web Conf., May 2003. [11] He Li, Meng Dan, “Design and Implementation of WAP-Based Teaching Information Service System”, IEEE 978-1-4244-3693-4/09/2009. [12] K. Dutta, H. Thomas, D. Vander Meer, “World Wide Wait: A study of Internet scalability and cache-based approaches to alleviate it”, Manage. Sci., vol. 49, pp. 1425– 1444, Oct. 2003. [13] A.C. M. Fong, Baoyao Zhou, S. C. Hui, “Web Content Recommender System based on Consumer Behavior Modeling”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 57, no. 2, pp.962-969, May 2011. [14] M. S. C´acere, “Standardising widgets: Improving various aspects of client-side web applications. http://datadriven.com.au/thesis/confirmation/confirmation.pdf,August 2007. [15] Kaar, “An introduction to widgets with particular emphasis on mobile widgets” available at http://symbianresources.com/cgibin/schlabo/dl.pl?Widgets, October 2007 [16] T. Koskela, N. Kostamo, O. Kassinen, J. Ohtonen, M. Ylianttila, “ Towards contextaware mobile web 2.0 service architecture”, IEEE Computer Society UBICOMM’07, pp. 41–48, Nov. 2007. [17] Divya Sambasivan, Nikita John, Shruthi Udayakumar, Rajat Gupta, “Generic Framework For Mobile Application Development”, IEEE 978-1-4577-1088, 2011. [18] N.M. Su, Y. Sakane, M. Tsukamoto, S. Nishio, “Rajicon: Remote PC GUI Operations via Constricted Mobile Interfaces”, Proc. Eighth Annual Int’l Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking, Sept.2002. [19] Ma Yunpeng, “A Framework for Building M-Learning Environment Based on Microblogging and Cellular Phones”, IEEE 978-1-4244-8694-6/11, 2011.

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