Access Design Standards Advisory Committee on Accessibility Mobility, Vision, Cognitive, Hearing

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Acknowledgements September 2009 The 2010 edition of The City of Calgary Access Design Standards is largely based on the 2002 edition. However, we wish to gratefully acknowledge the following groups and individuals for their assistance with developing new and revised content for 2010.

The City of Calgary committees Advisory Committee on Accessibility Access Design Sub-Committee

The City of Calgary business units/divisions Calgary Housing Company Calgary Transit Community & Neighbourhood Services Corporate Properties & Buildings Development & Building Approvals Land Servicing & Housing Land Use Planning & Policy Recreation Roads Transportation Infrastructure Transportation Planning

Private industry/not-for profit contributors/individuals Accessible Housing Society Mark Iantkow

Editorial team Sarah Alexander Anna Ciarla Ulrik Seward Janel Smith

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Table of Contents Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Access design standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. Exterior barrier-free path of travel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B. Interior barrier-free path of travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 C. Vehicular access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 D. Illumination and acoustics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 E. Location of controls, dispensers and receptacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 F. Building entrances, doors and doorways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 G. Ramps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 H. Stairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 J. Handrails and guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 K. Elevators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 L. Public washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 M. Recreational and cultural centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 N. Public facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 P. Parks, pathways and playgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Q. Patios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 R. Emergency egress, alarms and warning surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 S. Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 T. Plus-15 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 U. Public transit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 V. Pedestrian crossings and traffic signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 W. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) . . . . . . . 76 X. Universal Dwelling Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Figure list. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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Introduction

Today, people with disabilities are in the mainstream of society, where opportunities are the same for everyone and is enriched by the diversity of its active and contributing members. It is important that people of all abilities be positively supported by their surroundings. A well-designed environment is safe, convenient, comfortable, age-friendly1 and readily accessible to everyone. Design solutions that also respond to the climate variations in a winter city, like Calgary, increase and enhance the accessibility to the outdoors throughout the year. The City of Calgary wishes to set an example by creating a more livable and accessible city. To this end, it established the Advisory Committee on Accessibility (ACA) and published these Standards.

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The Advisory Committee on Accessibility was established by City Council to improve access to buildings and other services. The committee consists of members with disabilities, representatives from the community, and City of Calgary business units. The terms of reference of the ACA are: To review and make recommendations to City Council through the Standing Policy Committee on Community and Protective Services on policy issues, the accessibility of municipal properties, information and services for people with disabilities, and to be a resource to City Council and City Administration in addressing accessibility issues.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Access design standards These Standards represent The City of Calgary’s approach to a universal built environment. They are intended to complement the Alberta Building Code. In some cases, these Standards are intended to enhance accessibility by requiring measures that exceed the requirements of the Alberta Building Code 2006. The contents of these Standards are required to be integrated into the design and construction of all new City of Calgary owned/operated buildings and facilities. The Standards do not require retrofitting of existing buildings. They are not intended to be a set of requirements for projects that are not owned or operated by The City. However, design professionals, the building industry, government departments and the community as a whole are encouraged to implement these Standards in all projects constructed within the city. Generally, these Standards apply within the property boundaries of City owned/ operated buildings and facilities. For construction pertaining to regional pathways, road right-of-ways and city parks, the appropriate City department shall be consulted, in addition to these Standards. This document is designed both as a working tool to provide a common point of reference and as a means to increase the awareness of the needs of people with disabilities, including the elderly.

Formulation of these Standards has been based primarily on: 1. Experience and knowledge of people with disabilities from the community. 2. Expertise acquired by The City of Calgary business units through planning and review of major projects. 3. Documentation of standards by other authorities, provinces and countries. 4. Alberta Building Code 2006. Questions regarding the content of these standards can be directed to: Advisory Committee on Accessibility Administrative Contact Telephone: 3-1-1 TTY: 403-268-1379 Email: [email protected] These Standards are comprised of 22 Sections. Each Section is divided into sub-sections, as follows: 1. Principle/rationale: A statement of the principle/rationale behind making a particular area accessible. 2. Existing regulations: Articles of the Alberta Building Code (ABC) 2006 and other recognized standards, relating to each specific area of concern. 3. Proposed standards: Proposals to improve access and justification for those proposals. In some cases, the deficiencies of existing regulations are highlighted. In some sections, graphic illustrations are provided as supporting information. Please be advised, all measurements in illustrations are in millimetres, unless otherwise specified.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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A. Exterior barrier-free path of travel A.1 Principle/rationale Everyone wants to be able to move throughout a city safely, conveniently and independently. Exterior barrier-free paths of travel, which include pathways and sidewalks, can make movement difficult if not impossible if obstacles or hazards obstruct the path of travel. These obstacles and hazards can be weather induced, as in the case of snow drifts. The placement of exterior items must not obstruct the pathway for people with visual or mobility impairments. Consistent tactile surfaces within barrier-free paths of travel prevent confusion and promote understanding through textured surface indicators. When care is taken in the design of the tactile quality of surfaces, those surfaces can support information regarding orientation, direction and location. The City of Calgary Roads, Transportation Planning, and Land Use Planning & Policy shall be consulted for all matters concerning public sidewalks and roads.

Figure 1. Cane detectable tactile surfaces.

A.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.2.

A.3 Proposed standards This section applies to exterior pathways and sidewalks on the property of City owned and operated buildings. A.3.1 Surfaces and textures Since ground and floor surfaces are an important aspect of access, they shall be designed to facilitate safe and easy movement. The freeze/thaw cycle and positive drainage are an important consideration when designing ground surfaces.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Throughout these Standards, Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities have been considered. These five principles were developed by Mark Iantkow in 2003 and are best remembered by using the acronym CoLATE. Co – Colour and contrast L – Lighting A – Audible cues T – Tactile cues E – Ergonomics The principle considered in this sub-section and other sections in these Standards is T – Tactile Cues, described by Iantkow as follows: “Tactile queues (and cues) are a ‘parallel’ consideration to audible queuing. One might align oneself according to the direction of a wall, curb or planter if there is some indication that such a tactile entity is used in a consistent way within a structure. Tactile cues may also be used at decision making points for wayfinding (different textures on floor surfaces; or textures on walls; or signs in relief placed consistently next to doorways; or even railings with different textures when approaching changes in elevation).”2

Outdoor ground surfaces made of brick or stone shall be laid on a firm base, level with adjacent surfaces and embedded in concrete. The City of Calgary is currently researching the feasibility of developing a system of tactile tiles, provisionally known as Urban Braille, for use in the city’s public sidewalks. These tiles assist people with vision loss in negotiating public sidewalks. Directional tiles are normally thin, linearly aligned tiles that contrast with the rest of the sidewalk, helping to direct pedestrian traffic. Node tiles along the sidewalk act as an indicator for deciding to cross a road or change direction. Intersection curb tiles indicate curb ramps. Crosswalk directional tiles are used on crosswalks to direct people safely across the road. Please contact the Advisory Committee on Accessibility (ACA) for updates on the development of these tactile systems. These tiles are not to be applied without prior approval, since consistency and standardization are necessary for the success of the entire system. The City intends to develop these standards further, and such information may be incorporated into future editions of the Access Design Standards.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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Figure 2. Crosswalk direction tile3.

Figure 3. Node tile4.

Figure 4. Directional tile5.

Figure 5. Intersection curb tile.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

A.3.2 General requirements The placement of lampposts, transformers, mailboxes, newspaper boxes, trash containers and bus shelters, can obstruct the barrier-free path of travel. They should be placed outside the minimum required width of the sidewalk or pathway. The minimum width of a sidewalk shall be 1,500 mm (the Transportation Association of Canada recommends 2,400 mm). Joints in sidewalks or between bricks or stones shall not exceed 13 mm in width.

Figure 7. Obstructions located out of the direct path of travel.

A.3.3 Obstructions

Figure 6. Sidewalk joint.

Sidewalks shall be designed to drain water to prevent puddles and ice build-up.

The Alberta Building Code requires a horizontally projecting obstruction to extend within 680 mm above the floor or ground surface. People with vision loss find this height to be above cane detection level. Therefore, a lower maximum of 200 mm is required to reduce the risk of collision with the obstruction.

Rest areas shall be located on one side of walkways every 30 m. Rest areas shall have minimum dimensions of 2,400 mm x 2,400 mm. If benches are included in the rest areas, they shall conform with Section P of these Standards.

Figure 8. Specification for protruding objects to avoid collision.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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Gratings, manhole covers, electrical vaults and other access covers shall be placed adjacent to walkways, out of the path of travel, unless prevented by site constraints. If placement within the path of travel is unavoidable, the gratings shall have a maximum clear opening of 13 mm. Due to ventilation requirements, the gratings on electrical vaults may be larger (openings no larger than 20 mm wide x 90 mm long to meet transformer ventilation requirements, as specified by Enmax). The long dimension of the openings shall lie perpendicular to the path of travel, and if small solid plates (like footprints) are placed in the direction of pedestrian traffic and spaced to accommodate an average stride, a person wearing high heels can cross gratings safely.

Figure 9. Requirements for openings in the ground surface.

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Figure 10. Placement of gratings.

Guy-wires near walkways shall be clearly marked to at least 1,980 mm above the ground and have a physical barrier beneath or be placed out of the path of travel. Temporary signs, parked vehicles, or vegetation shall not block a path of travel.

Figure 11. Clearance between overhanging objects and the ground.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

At times, curb radii and traffic safety concerns preclude the alignment of the curb ramp perpendicular to traffic. In such cases, the curb ramps shall discharge into the painted crosswalk, as close as possible to a perpendicular alignment with traffic flow.

Figure 12. Proper placement of obstructions.

A.3.4 Curb ramps In Calgary, new sidewalks are constructed with curb ramps. Curb ramps are also constructed when curb and gutter work is undertaken in existing sidewalks or when they are replaced. In designing curb ramps, care shall be taken to prevent them from becoming hazardous to people with vision loss, who may not notice them and walk inadvertently into the intersection. Curb ramps located right on the corner shall be avoided, because they force people with vision loss, people using wheelchairs and people pushing strollers into the intersection, rather than the safe area of the crosswalk.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 13. Proper placement of curb ramps.

A level surface shall be maintained on the sidewalk behind the curb ramps for smooth pedestrian and wheelchair travel. The minimum width of curb ramps, exclusive of flared sides, shall be 1,500 mm.

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The slope of a curb ramp shall not exceed 1:12 (eight per cent), and shall be not less than 1:15 (six per cent) unless sidewalk constraints do not allow these ratios.

Curb ramps shall contrast in texture from the surrounding sidewalk and the road, so they can be identified by the visually impaired. A raised texture is more perceptible. Drainage shall be designed to prevent water and snow accumulation at the bottom of curb ramps. However, catch basins shall not be located in front of the curb ramps.

Figure 14. Plan view of City standard curb ramp6.

Where the widths of sidewalks provide adequate space, curb ramps shall be offset from the main flow of pedestrian traffic and still be within the crosswalk area. The corner curb shall be maintained as a clearly defined edge and be cane detectable.

Figure 15. Section and elevation of curb ramp7.

The edges shall be curved rather than cut sharply, so all the wheels of a wheelchair can maintain contact with the ground at all times.

Figure 16. Proper layout of intersections.

Surfaces of curb ramps shall be slip resistant.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Medians in crossings shall have curb ramps at both sides and a level area no less than 1,500 mm long. Where a median island is less than 3.6 m wide, the two ramps and the flat area between shall all be reduced by an equal amount.

Wind buffers, such as fences, hedges and trees, shall be set back from the sidewalk so the walk will be protected from winds and snow will be deposited next to the walk, rather than covering the path.

A.3.5 Snow removal Temporary hazards are often overlooked. For example, snow removal often results in snow banks along sidewalks, which block access. Snow removal vehicles often clear the street, but they must also ensure curbs are not blocked with snow banks, as it makes it difficult, if not impossible, to cross the street.

Figure 17. Wind buffers.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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B. Interior barrier-free path of travel B.1 Principle/rationale Navigation through interior corridors and passageways shall be simple and safe. Passageway widths can create barriers, if the needs of people with disabilities are not considered. Strategic placement of objects in a passageway can reduce collisions and facilitate cane detection. Surface materials are also an important consideration for people with vision loss and the elderly, as they can reduce injury and disorientation.

4) The horizontal projection of an obstruction referred to in Sentence (3) is permitted to be more than 100 mm provided the clearance between the obstruction and the floor is less than 680 mm.

B.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.3.1.9. 1) The minimum width of a public corridor shall be 1,100 mm. 2) Except as required by Sentence 3.3.3.3.(2), the minimum unobstructed width of a corridor used by the public or a corridor serving classrooms or patients’ sleeping rooms shall be 1,100 mm. 3) Except as permitted by Sentence (4), obstructions located within 1,980 mm of the floor shall not project more than 100 mm horizontally into an exit passageway, a public corridor, a corridor used by the public or a corridor serving classrooms or patients’ sleeping rooms in a manner that would create a hazard for a person with a visual disability traveling adjacent to the walls.

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Figure 18. Proper height requirements for protruding objects.

Alberta Building Code 2006 A-3.3.1.9. 4) The sweep of a cane used by blind or visually impaired persons normally detects obstructions that are within 680 mm of the floor. Any obstructions above this height would not normally be detected and can, therefore, create a hazard if it projects more than 100 mm into the path of travel.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

In Section A, the principles of CoLATE were introduced. The principle that has been considered in this sub-section and others in these Standards is Co – Colour and Contrast, and A – Audible Cues, which is described by Iantkow as follows:

Figure 19. Interior passageway.

B.3 Proposed standards B.3.1 General requirements The ideal width of an interior corridor is 1,525 mm. This allows two wheelchairs to pass each other without difficulty. Additional manoeuvring space is necessary at corners and doorways. The length of a wheelchair, including footrest, shall be considered when determining the turning radius. Therefore, at corners and doorways, for greater ease of manoeuvrability, 1,525 mm is also recommended. Due to space restrictions, a corridor width of 1,525 mm is difficult to achieve in some areas. The minimum width for private corridors, including store and restaurant aisles shall be 920 mm.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Effective use of colour and contrast designs can enhance safe orientation and mobility of people with visual impairments. Walls should be in contrast with flooring, furniture in good contrast with carpeting and surrounding walls, colour/ contrast queues and cues can be used for wayfinding or even to denote important fixtures such as door knobs, door frames, drinking fountains, etc. Audible queues (and cues) are also a vital consideration for people with varied levels of vision (particularly for those individuals with no vision at all). One can align their path of travel according to sounds they know the location of, they can relate the distance from various objects by sound, or even track where they are located within a structure by knowing a sound cue within a structure. A water fountain which gives off a distinctive sound within a shopping mall is one example.8

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There shall be a consistency of materials and colours in recurring situations to provide satisfactory sensory information about the environment. The acoustic properties of materials used in interior passageways shall be considered in the design. Some sound reverberation aids people with vision loss by providing a sense of the size of the space and the location of walls or openings, while some sound absorption helps people who have hearing loss by reducing background noise.

B.3.2 Obstructions Free-standing or cantilevered staircases, escalators, ramps and intermediate floor levels shall be avoided or have a barrier to prevent accidental access to the overhung area. Overhead signs shall have a clearance of 2,100 mm from the bottom of the sign to the ground. Objects protruding more than 100 mm from the wall with a top surface higher than 680 mm shall extend to within 200 mm from the floor, in order to be cane detectable. B.3.3 Floor surfaces Surface materials of circulation routes shall not impede pedestrian movement, particularly for those in wheelchairs or distort the perception of people who are visually impaired.

Figure 20. Proper design of an interior corridor.

Carpets laid on the floor, stairs or ramp surfaces shall be securely attached. They shall have a tight weave, low pile and firm underlay.

Figure 21. Improper type and installation of carpets.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened to the floor surface with trim along the entire exposed edge. The carpet trim shall be beveled with a slope of no greater than 1:2 (50 per cent). All floor finishes shall be slip resistant, continuous, non-glossy and stable. The floor surface shall have a coefficient of friction no less than 0.5, wet or dry.

Wall surfaces shall not be entirely constructed with mirror or glass, or else there shall be a horizontal warning strip, such as an adhesive film or graphic, that is a minimum of 150 mm wide and placed 1,350 mm above the floor. Sharp angles or junctions of finishes shall be avoided, and wall fixtures shall be recessed, if possible.

Figure 22. Proper type and installation of floor materials.

B.3.4 Wall surfaces Wall surfaces shall not distort perception or cause physical harm, shall not be extremely rough or uneven and shall have a matte finish to prevent glare.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 23. Recessed obstruction.

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C. Vehicular access C.1 Principle/rationale

C.3 Proposed standards

Accessible parking shall be designed to be safe and convenient, for users of both wheelchairs and pedestrians. The requirements of this section apply to parking lots, parking structures, underground parking, lay-bys and street parking. Seasonal conditions shall be considered, as icy and wet parking facilities may be treacherous.

This section applies to vehicular access on the property of City owned and operated buildings. The City of Calgary Roads and Transportation Planning shall be consulted for all matters concerning public sidewalks and roads.

The stall dimensions, location, construction materials and parking meters/machines shall be accessible. Signage is essential to encourage access and proper use.

C.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 A-3.8.2.2. Access to Parking Areas

C.3.1 Lay-bys Lay-bys are roadside drop-off areas, separated from the flow of vehicular traffic and usually located in front of buildings along busy streets. Their main function is to allow passengers to get in and out of vehicles safely and conveniently. They are especially beneficial for people with mobility limitations, seniors, persons with strollers or those loading or unloading large or heavy items.

The Planning Act provides a mechanism for determining the characteristics of our communities. Where the Planning Act requires parking, the building code requires that a percentage of parking spaces be designed to allow persons using wheelchairs sufficient room to get in and out of a vehicle. A barrier-free path of travel shall also be provided from the parking area to the building. The designer must provide a properly identified and unobstructed path of travel from the parking area to the entrance, which is accessible. The entrance chosen should be, in any case, one normally used by the occupants of the building. Long paths of travel are not recommended.

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Figure 24. Lay-by.

The provision of lay-bys shall be encouraged, especially where streets are narrow or where there is a steady flow of traffic.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Lay-bys shall be provided close to main entrances of buildings. They shall have a minimum width of 3,700 mm and a minimum length of 7,600 mm.

It is recognized that it may not be reasonable to expect lay-bys in many downtown sites where competing interests for land may render laybys non-functional or beyond reasonable cost. In all cases, Transportation Planning is to be consulted when designing a lay-by. C.3.2 Layout of parking areas

Figure 25. Proper dimensions and design of canopy over lay-by.

A curb maintains a separation between the lay-by and the path of travel to facilitate safety and proper drainage. Where lay-bys are provided, curb ramps shall be placed in the lay-by for wheelchair access. The curb ramp shall be designed in accordance with Section A of these Standards. The curb shall be a roll curb to allow an accessibility vehicle, or an Access Calgary vehicle, to back onto the sidewalk and then lower its ramp to load and unload passengers. Building entrances adjacent to lay-bys shall be covered where possible, to provide shelter from precipitation and to keep the sidewalk free of snow and ice. The minimum clearance of a covering shall be 3,000 mm from the ground.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Accessible parking stalls within parking lots shall be located as close as possible to a main accessible entrance and provide enough space to get in and out of a vehicle (see Section C.3.4 for proper dimensions of parking stalls). Where operational requirements allow, persons with disabilities shall not have to pass behind vehicles that would normally back out of a space. Asphalt, concrete or firm gravel is an acceptable parking surface. In gravel parking lots, there shall be parking for people with disabilities adjoining a hard surface. A paved surface shall be provided from the designated parking stall to the sidewalk. Curb ramps leading from parking areas to sidewalks shall be designed in accordance with Section A of these Standards. In all cases, pedestrians and people in wheelchairs shall be directed to a safe path of travel leading to the building, instead of forcing them into areas designed for vehicular traffic and water drainage.

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Where pedestrians have to walk across vehicular routes, there shall be contrast of colour and texture.

Parking blocks or wheel stops shall be set back so vehicles do not overhang, reducing the clear width of accessible routes. Clearances behind wheel stops shall allow a wheelchair to pass through. In addition, they shall be colour contrasted from the paving material so they are not a hazard, in particular to people with vision loss. A large parking lot shall be divided with vegetation into smaller sections efficient for snow removal, yet that provide wind protection and control drifting snow. Landscaping shall be designed so everyone, including people using mobility devices, has the same degree of visibility across the parking lot. Consideration should be given to CPTED principles (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) when adding landscaping to a parking lot, so as not to create unsafe situations or the ability for people to partake in crime-related activities.

Figure 26. Proper placement of parking stalls near entrances.

Figure 27. Proper vegetation placement to minimize the effects of the weather.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

C.3.3 On-site road parking Street parking shall also be made wheelchair accessible, since in some areas of the city this is the only type of parking available. However, current City policy does not allow for mid-block ramps. Therefore, accessible parking shall be located at both ends of a block. Street parking stalls for persons with disabilities shall be located adjacent to sidewalk curb ramps, to provide easy maneuverability and safety from street to sidewalk. These parking stalls shall be 4,000 mm wide, and their length shall conform to the latest Land Use Bylaw. In addition, a 2,000 mm access aisle shall be painted behind or in front of the parking stall, and the access aisle shall be centered on the centerline of the curb ramp (depending on the location of the curb ramp).

Where designated parking stalls are provided on the street, height of parking meters (or Park Plus machines) shall be in the range of 900 to 1,100 mm. Parking meters/machines shall not require twisting of the wrist or pinching of the fingers to operate. Parking meters/machines shall be placed at either end of street parking stalls with no obstructions in front or to the side of the coin slot/card slot. Parking meters/machines shall be located in a well-lit and protected area. C.3.4 Parking stalls An accessible parking stall shall be 4,000 mm wide to allow space for an access aisle on either side of the parking stall. The increased width over the Alberta Building Code minimum width of 3,700 mm is required to facilitate moving from a vehicle to a wheelchair or for the use of other mobility aids. The greater width allows for the length of the lift of a vehicle and the turning space of a wheelchair user as he/she disembarks. In all cases, the length of parking stalls shall conform to the latest Land Use Bylaw.

Figure 28. Accessible street parking stall.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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If two adjacent parking spaces are designated for people with disabilities, the total width of both spaces shall be 7,400 mm, which shall include a 2,000 mm wide access aisle separating the two stalls. Therefore, each stall will have a 2,700 mm width available for the vehicle and 2,000 mm available for the access aisle. The access aisle shall be clearly marked with blue hatched lines.

Figure 29. Proper placement of parking stall near entrance.

Figure 30. Layout and dimensions of single accessible parking stalls.

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Figure 31. Adjacent accessible parking stalls10.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

C.3.5 Signage

C.3.6 Parkades

Parking stalls for people with disabilities shall be identified with the international symbol of access and shall include the words “Permit Required.” The international symbol of access shall be posted on a vertical sign and the symbol shall be painted on the ground with blue paint to aid clear identification of the stall.

Multi-level parkades shall provide accessible parking stalls adjacent to an accessible elevator on each level. Where elevators are not provided, designated parking shall be available at grade. If oversized vehicles are required to drop off passengers in the parking garage, a minimum vertical clearance of 3,000 mm shall be provided.

Figure 32. Proper signage for accessible parking stall.

Paint only the symbol and not the entire parking space, as paint is slippery when wet. If the location of designated parking stalls is not obvious or is not visible from a distance, directional signage shall be placed along the route, to assist in navigation.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 33. Clearance requirement for parkades where oversized vehicles are present.

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D. Illumination and acoustics D.1. Principle/rationale Consistency in the levels of illumination is a primary concern for people with vision loss, since their ability to adjust from one level to another is often slow. This is particularly important when making the transition from the exterior to the interior. Appropriate illumination design includes proper placement of light sources, appropriate day lighting, and adequate signage11. The minimization of ambient noise and the reduction of layering of different sounds improve a person’s ability to hear. In addition, people with hearing loss rely on adequate artificial lighting for speech reading, sign language or informative signs. They also require spaces to be acoustically designed so background noises and echoes do not become a problem12.

D.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.2.7.1. 1) An exit, a public corridor or a corridor providing access to exit for the public or serving patients’ sleeping rooms or classrooms shall be equipped to provide illumination to an average level of not less than 50 lx at floor or tread level and at angles and intersections at changes of level where there are stairs or ramps.

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D.3 Proposed standards D.3.1 Illumination In Section A, the principles of CoLATE were introduced. The principle that has been considered in this sub-section and others in these Standards is L – Lighting, which is described by Iantkow as follows: Lighting (or perhaps more aptly phrased as illumination, since we are referring to the actual way an area is illuminated rather than, necessarily, the source or type of lighting) is a vital consideration in providing safe access/ egress and use of a structure or outdoor area. Designers often use ‘accent lighting’ to highlight a decision making point or a point of interest. Even back-lit lighting is used to highlight certain points of interest or for information purposes. Such lighting designs are not desirable for most people with visual impairments. Most eye conditions require a well-distributed, constant level of lighting. Back-lit areas or areas where glare is present, or proceeding from a dark lit area to a brightly lit area only exacerbate orientation and mobility for people with visual impairments.13

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

High levels of consistent illumination with minimal glare improve a person’s ability to see. Illumination levels shall be increased to emphasize stairs, entrances, obstacles, information signs and hazardous areas. The minimum level of illumination emitted by illuminated signs shall be 200 lx. Other signs shall be illuminated to 100 lx. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be capable of being illuminated to at least a level of 100 lx.

D.3.2 Acoustics Carpets or sound-absorbing materials shall be used to aid people with hearing loss. Background noise can be difficult for a hard-of-hearing person. When possible, switches shall be installed to turn off noisy devices such as fans. The placement of speakers of public address systems shall not be near crucial areas of communication, such as over an information or service desk.

Lights must be controlled and directed so they do not create glare. Light fixtures shall be placed to prevent lamps from shining into people’s faces; nor should light fixtures be positioned so light reflects off highly reflective materials. Enhanced illumination or a greater distribution of fixtures for outdoor areas is important to people with vision loss. Proper outdoor lighting helps people with hearing loss have adequate lighting for speech reading. Windows shall be designed and located to prevent glare, especially in areas of circulation.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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E. Location of controls, dispensers and receptacles E.1 Principle/rationale Often, controls are too high, too low or too far away for people to reach. Some controls are difficult to grasp and turn. Design and location of controls shall offer simple operation and safety. Controls, including thermostats, light switches, fire alarms and faucets, shall be accessible to everyone.

E.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.1.5. Alberta Building Code 2006 7.2.6.7. 1) If the authority having jurisdiction deems it necessary to protect children, the elderly, or persons with disabilities or infirmities from burns,

E.3 Proposed standards E.3.1 General requirements Controls, dispensers and receptacles shall not require the use of two hands, nor two simultaneous movements by one hand or both hands to operate. E.3.2 Safety and emergency controls Emergency controls shall not be placed too high for people in wheelchairs. They shall not be too low, thereby helping to prevent children from misusing them. Emergency controls, such as fire alarms, shall be located with their highest operable parts 1,200 mm above the floor (measured to their centre line).

a) piping used to distribute service hot water and other hot water in assembly occupancies, care or detention occupancies and residential occupancies shall be concealed or insulated, and b) except as provided by the plumbing regulations made pursuant to the Safety Codes Act, the temperature of the water from faucets shall be limited to a maximum of 54ºC. Figure 34. Proper height for controls.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

E.3.3 Lighting fixtures

E.3.5 Faucets

The highest operable part of light switches and other non-emergency controls shall be 1,000 mm above the floor. Rocker switches are preferable to toggle switches, as they are easier to use.

Automatic water taps or a lever-type faucet shall be used for easy operation. Water temperature shall be limited in accordance with the Alberta Building Code 2006.

E.3.4 Electrical outlets Electrical outlets shall be mounted at a height of 600 mm, measured from the floor to the centre line of the outlet.

Figure 35. Proper and improper faucet varieties.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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F. Building entrances, doors and doorways F.1 Principle/rationale Wide doorways and easy-to-open doors benefit everyone. The passage is easier for people with disabilities, seniors, people carrying packages or wheeling strollers. Automatic doors and proper hardware placement makes entrances much easier to use. A well-designed door is distinguished, yet simple, offering direction and orientation to users. Proper lighting and signage is a good means for accommodating this requirement.

F.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.1.2. 1) In addition to the barrier-free entrances required by Sentence (2), not less than 50% of the pedestrian entrances to a building in Sentence 3.8.1.1.(1), including walkways leading to the entrances from a public thoroughfare and from on site parking areas, shall be barrier-free. 6) If an entrance is equipped with a security system, both visual and audible signals shall be used to indicate when the door lock is released.

Figure 36. Vestibule.

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.3.1.13. 1) A door that opens into or is located within a public corridor or other facility that provides access to exit from a suite shall a) Provide a clear opening of not less than 800 mm if there is only one door leaf, b) in a doorway with multiple leaves, have the active leaf providing a clear opening of not less than 800 mm, and c) Not open onto a step.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

3) Except as permitted by Sentence (4), door release hardware shall be operable by one hand and the door shall be openable with not more than one releasing operation. (See also Sentence 3.8.3.3.(3)) 5) Door release hardware shall be installed not more than 1,200 mm above the finished floor. 8) Controls for the remote release of door locking devices permitted by Sentence (6) shall be located in an area readily available to security personnel. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.3.2. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.3. 3) Door operating devices shall be of a design which does not require tight grasping and twisting of the wrist as the only means of operation. (See Appendix A.) 11) A vestibule located in a barrier free path of travel shall be arranged to allow the movement of wheelchairs between doors and shall provide a distance between 2 doors in series of not less than 1,200 mm plus the width of any door that swings into the space in the path of travel from one door to another.

F.3 Proposed standards F.3.1 Entrances Entrances, particularly the main accessible one, shall be readily distinguishable in the facade and shall provide an easy transition into the building. The effect of seasonal weather conditions, such as strong winds and drifting snow, shall be mitigated in the design of building entrances to ensure normal operation of doors. When entrances must be located towards the prevailing winds, measures to minimize the effects shall be used, such as walls and/or vegetation. Drainage shall be directed away from the entrance. Doormats with non-slip under padding ease the transition from the outdoor environment to interior spaces, by absorbing much of the snow, ice and slush accumulated from winter boots and shoes. This prevents people from slipping on any smooth floor materials used inside. Doormats shall not project more than 13 mm above the floor finish. Well-designed lighting and signage shall be used to enhance identification of an entrance. Where operational requirements allow, sliding automatic doors shall be installed at entrances and entrance vestibules in new construction. The sliding automatic doors shall have a safety power-fail option, that includes a backup battery.

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Figure 37. Automatic doors, signage and protection from the elements.

F.3.2 Specifications for people with vision loss Providing adequate lighting for transitions from the exterior to interior assists people with vision loss, who may be slower to adjust to the difference in levels of light. Such transition space shall be well lit.

Figure 38. Large, bold and raised lettering labels.

Due to Building Code regulations, exit doors must open outward, which can create a hazard for people with vision loss, especially automatic swing doors. To rectify this problem, such doors shall be recessed to minimize the hazard for people walking beside a building.

Door push plates shall be of a contrasting colour or value, benefiting the visually impaired. Plate glass doors shall be designed so people with vision loss can readily identify them (see Section B). Numbers on doors shall be raised and located between 1,200 mm and 1,800 mm for easy reading by people with vision loss.

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Figure 39. Recessed door.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

F.3.3 Door openers and hardware People with limited mobility, strength or balance find doors, particularly those on the exterior of a building, difficult, if not impossible, to open. Automatic door openers or powerassisted mechanisms shall be used on doors in universal paths of travel, such as entrances, lobbies, corridors and other major public pedestrian thoroughfares. Figure 41. Proper spacing between a door and hardware.

If a door is opened remotely (as is common in many multi-family residential buildings), a visual and audible signal shall be used to alert both the visitors and the occupants that the door lock is released.

Figure 40. Proper location of automatic door openers.

The bottom of a manual door shall have a smooth uninterrupted kick plate to protect the door from wheelchair footrests. A minimum height of 300 mm is recommended.

Manual door openers shall be mounted at a height of 800 mm to 1,100 mm from the floor. Although Alberta Building Code 2006 allows a maximum height of 1,200 mm, door release hardware shall be installed between 800 mm to 1,100 mm. Clearance between the handle and the door shall be a minimum of 50 mm. This will aid those with limited hand functions and allow the door to be opened using only one arm.

Figure 42. Kick plate and closer requirements.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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F.3.4 Doors and gates

Door width shall be not less than 920 mm.

In any set of two or more doors or gates, whether within a building, at an entrance to a building or completely outside, the door opening shall alternate between right and left hand operation. For example, if an entrance has three doors, there shall be one set of double doors and the third door can be hinged on either the left or right hand side. As another example, if there are two doors in a series, the inner door and outer door should be hinged on opposite sides.

When turnstiles or revolving doors are provided, a swing door with an automatic door control shall be placed immediately to one side of the revolving door or turnstile, for easy access by people with disabilities.

This enables persons to operate the door with one hand on the side of their choice and avoid the need to reach across or even travel backwards through the door. Persons with an occupied hand, including those with a support white cane, a guide dog and persons carrying luggage or packages would be able to use their free hand to open the door without the awkwardness of having to reach across. In no circumstance should it be necessary to use two hands to open a door.

Automatic doors shall have a master control that can control the door closers, keeping the door open for a minimum of eight seconds, with the door held at an angle of between 70 and 90 degrees. As well, the master control allows the door to reverse when closing if an object stops the door.

Doorways without a door installed in them shall be minimum 850 mm wide.

Figure 43. Door closer requirements and requirements for doors at the top of a ramp.

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G. Ramps G.1 Principle/rationale For changes in levels, ramps are essential in providing an easier and often safer means of travel for people who are unable to use stairs. The slope, width and length of a ramp shall be manageable. Signage, tactile cues, protection from the elements and proper landings also help increase comfort for those using the ramp.

G.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.4.

G.3 Proposed standards G.3.1 General requirements Ramps to buildings must be on private property, outside of the road right-of-way. Any heating systems must also be on private property and privately maintained. Changes in levels shall be limited, as slopes require greater physical exertion and skill from people with disabilities. If ramps are too steep or too long, they become obstacles. Slopes between 1:25 (four per cent) to 1:20 (five per cent) are recommended.

Figure 44. Proper ramp design.

Ramps shall have level landings at the top and bottom of each run and where they change direction. The landings shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to them and have a length not less than 1,500 mm. The 1,500 mm accommodates the length of a wheelchair as it negotiates a corner.

The minimum clear width of a ramp shall be 950 mm between handrails. Where passing of wheelchairs is likely to occur frequently, the options are: (a) To widen the ramp to 1,800 mm. (b) To widen the rest areas to 1,800 mm.

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Figure 45. Ramp design.

Visual and textural cues at the top and bottom of the ramp shall be provided for people with vision loss. Non-glare and slip-resistant materials shall be used on the ramp surface. The maximum cross slope of ramp surfaces shall be 1:50 (two per cent).

G.3.2 Exterior ramps Exterior ramps shall be protected from rain, snow and ice, or maintained free of snow and ice through regular maintenance or appropriate subsurface heating and drainage systems.

If a ramp needs to be longer than 18 m, a mechanical means of travel shall be considered.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

H. Stairs H.1 Principle/rationale Some ambulatory people with balance problems or vision loss find stairs easier to use than ramps. It is important the rise and run be designed so the stairs are not overly strenuous or create a hazard. Increased illumination, colour contrast, uniformly patterned materials, signage and other warning indicators can be used to enhance safety. Figure 47. Cane detectable warning indicators for stairs.

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.1.

Figure 46. Stairs are occasionally preferred to ramps by people with disabilities.

H.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.3.1.7. 4) In a barrier-free path of travel, a downward change in elevation shall be signaled by the use of a 600 mm wide tactile warning strip placed 250 mm from the edge and for the full width of a stair, escalator, moving walkway, ramp or platform and identified using colour and brightness contrast.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

1) The surfaces of ramps, and landings and treads a) shall have a finish that is slip resistant, and b) if accessible to the public, shall have either a colour contrast or a distinctive pattern to demarcate the leading edge of the tread and the leading edge of the landing, as well as the beginning and end of a ramp. 2) Treads and landings of exterior exit stairs more than 10 m high shall be designed to be free of ice and snow accumulations. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.2 1) Except as permitted by Sentence 3.3.2.13.(1), every flight of interior stairs shall have not less than 3 risers.

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Alberta Building Code 2006 3.3.2.14. 1) In a Group A, Division 2 occupancy used for the serving of food and beverages, an interior flight of stairs with fewer than 3 risers is permitted provided it a) is not less than 900 mm wide,

4) The leading edge of a stair tread shall have either a radius or a bevel between 6 mm and 10 mm in horizontal dimension. 5) The front edge of stair treads in exits and public access to exits shall be at right angles to the direction of exit travel.

b) is illuminated at all times that occupants are on the premises, and c) has a handrail on each side. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.3. 2) The length and width of landings shall be at least the width of stairways in which they occur, except that in a straight run the length of a landing need not be more than 1,100 mm. 3) Where a doorway or stairway empties onto a ramp through a side wall, there shall be a level area extending across the full width of the ramp, and for a distance of 300 mm on either side of the wall opening, excepting one side when it abuts on an end wall. 4) Where a door or stairway empties onto a ramp through an end wall, there shall be a level area extending across the full width of the ramp and along its length for not less than 900 mm. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.7. 3) Treads and risers in every exit stair, except a fire escape stair, shall have uniform run and rise in any one flight, and shall not alter significantly in run and rise in successive flights in any stair system. (See Appendix A.)

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Figure 48. Proper dimensions for stairs.

H.3 Proposed standards H.3.1 General requirements A flight of stairs shall have uniform dimensions and no open risers. Nosings shall not have projecting undersides, and shall be beveled if extending more than 25 mm, to prevent catching a toe. Nosings shall be beveled not more than 60º with respect to the tread surface. This ensures the tread edge is more clearly visible in descent. Nosings on interior/exterior stairs shall be a contrasting colour to aid people with vision loss.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Isolated steps shall be avoided, since they are often difficult for people with vision loss to detect and act as a barrier to people in wheelchairs. Illumination shall be positioned to minimize glare and shadow. A barrier shall be used to prevent access to areas under a cantilevered or overhung staircase.

H.3.2 Interior stairs Heavily patterned carpets or tiles shall not be used on stairs as they create figure-ground confusion and obscure the definition of the tread nosing. H.3.3 Exterior stairs Stairs shall be protected from climatic variations or maintained free of snow and ice. Stairs shall not be shaded by vegetation or other elements that prevent snow and ice from melting.

Figure 49. Avoid overhanging stairs.

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J. Handrails and guards J.1 Principle/rationale Handrails are important features in barrier-free access. They shall be easy to grasp and provide a firm and comfortable grip. People with vision loss use handrails as guides; those with mobility impairments use them for leverage to get up ramps and the semi-ambulatory rely on handrails for balance. It is important handrails be placed at a safe and convenient height for everyone. Enhance ease of use by incorporating colour contrast and uniformity.

2) If the required width of a ramp or flight of stairs is more than 2,200 mm, one or more intermediate handrails continuous between landings shall be provided, and located so that there will be not more than 1,650 mm between handrails. 3) Handrails shall be continuously graspable along their entire length and shall have a) a circular cross-section with an outside diameter not less than 30 mm and not more than 43 mm, or b) a non-circular cross-section with a graspable portion that has a perimeter not less than 100 mm and not more than 125 mm and whose largest cross-sectional dimension is not more than 45 mm.

Figure 50. Proper handrails used for guidance.

J.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.4. 1) A stairway shall have a handrail on at least one side, but if it is 1,100 mm or more wide, it shall have handrails on both sides.

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4) Handrails on stairs and ramps shall be not less than 865 mm and not more than 965 mm high, measured vertically from a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosing or from the surface of the ramp, except that handrails not meeting these requirements are permitted provided they are installed in addition to the required handrail. 5) Except where interrupted by doorways or newels at changes in direction, at least one handrail shall be continuous throughout the length of a stairway or ramp, including landings. (See Appendix A.)

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

6) Handrails shall be terminated in a manner that will not obstruct pedestrian travel or create a hazard. (See A-3.4.6.4.(5) in Appendix A.)

J.3 Proposed standards

7) At least one handrail at the side of a stairway or ramp shall extend horizontally not less than 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the stairway or ramp. (See A-3.4.6.4.(5) in Appendix A.)

The outside diameter or width of a handrail shall be 30 mm to 43 mm, to allow those with limited hand function to grasp it firmly. In addition, the smaller dimension enables people wearing gloves in winter to grasp the handrail firmly, with ease. A gap of at least 50 mm shall distance the handrail from the wall.

8) The clearance between a handrail and any surface behind it shall be not less than a) 50 mm, or b) 60 mm if the surface behind the handrail is rough or abrasive. 9) Handrails and their supports shall be designed and constructed to withstand the loading values obtained from the nonconcurrent application of a) a concentrated load not less than 0.9 kN applied at any point and in any direction for all handrails, and

In all cases, handrails shall be located on both sides of a ramp or stairway.

In stairwells, especially exits, tactile cues (e.g., several notches or a rough texture) shall be placed on the inside for the last 300 mm on both ends of the handrail as a signal to inform persons with vision loss that they are approaching the last step. A consistent system of tactile indicators shall be located on or near the handrail at the top and bottom of stairs and ramps to indicate ascent and descent. All handrails shall contrast from their surroundings through colour or brightness.

b) a uniform load not less than 0.7 kN/m applied in any direction to handrails not located within dwelling units. 10) A ramp shall have handrails on both sides.”

Figure 51. Proper and improper handrail shape and dimensions.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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K. Elevators K.1 Principle/rationale An elevator is vital to a non-ambulatory person, because it often provides the only form of access to different levels of a building. A poorly designed elevator can be as much of a barrier as stairs. An elevator car must be large enough to accommodate people with disabilities. Signage and controls in the elevator lobby and in the car itself have a profound impact on the accessibility of an elevator. Visual and audio indicators are also critical to those with vision and hearing loss.

K.3 Proposed standards K.3.1 General requirements All passenger elevators shall be accessible to people with disabilities. The size of an elevator car must conform to the Alberta Building Code 2006 requirements. A code-compliant elevator is large enough in the length dimension, but is too small in the width dimension to accommodate the turning around of a wheelchair.

Figure 52. Well-designed elevator.

K.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.5

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Figure 53. An elevator car with dimensions allowing the turning around of a wheelchair.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Verbal announcements identifying the floor level and the direction of travel shall be installed for people with vision loss and for those who cannot see the floor indicator at the back of a crowded elevator. Where practical, control buttons shall be installed on both sides of the elevator door inside the elevator.

Call buttons shall be located on each wall between elevators and shall be easily identifiable by colour contrast and raised symbols. The call buttons shall protrude to enable a user to push with any part of the hand. No obstructions shall be placed under elevator call buttons. Tactile signage in the form of larger Arabic numerals and letters shall also be affixed at a height of 1,200 mm above the floor on both sides of the door opening within the elevator lobby.

Figure 55. Proper signage. Figure 54. Proper elevator car dimensions.

K.3.2 Elevator lobbies The minimum space in front of elevator doors shall be 1,500 mm.

Arrival of an elevator shall be indicated by a verbal announcement or a clear audible and visual signal located within the elevator lobby near the door of the arriving car.

Doors on elevators shall start to close after eight seconds from the fully open position.

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Figure 56. Proper design of elevator lobbies.

K.3.3 Floor registration buttons Floor registration buttons shall be raised, since flush or recessed buttons are difficult to activate by people with vision loss or with limited manual dexterity. Floor registration buttons within the car shall be clearly marked with tactile signage in the form of raised Arabic numerals and letters and, if there is room, Braille signage shall be added. There shall be a colour contrast between the floor registration buttons and the background.

Figure 57. Proper placement of controls.

K.3.4 Exterior elevators Exterior elevators, if provided, shall be oriented away from the prevailing winds to keep the car free of snow, rain and debris. Waiting areas shall be sheltered, positively drained and well lit. Glass walls shall be installed to enhance security by increasing visibility.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

L. Public washrooms L.1 Principle/rationale It is important that washrooms are available to serve the needs of people with disabilities. Every floor serviced by an elevator shall have an accessible washroom that is easily located and clearly marked. Accessible washrooms shall include hardware that is operable by all, appropriate fixture type and location, and adequate dimensions. An accessible washroom shall be safe and, where possible, connected by a call system to support staff.

L.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.2.3. and 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.13.

L.3 Proposed standards

Figure 58. Proper design of a washroom entrance.

L.3.1 Washroom entrances

L.3.2 Water closet stalls

The entrances to washrooms are often difficult, if not impossible, for people with disabilities to use, especially when there are vestibules with two doors. Therefore, it is important to either eliminate the doors or provide only one entry door to a washroom. Washrooms that are designed so doors are not required to prevent viewing by passersby are considered ideal.

Water closet stall doors shall have a clear opening of 800 mm and swing out of the stall. Water closet stalls or enclosure doors shall be equipped with locking devices that do not require pinching of the fingers or twisting of the wrist to operate. The doors shall also be equipped with a hinge that slowly closes the door.

Entrances with an L-configuration shall have a minimum depth of 1,200 mm to allow a wheelchair to turn the corner easily. However, L-shaped entrances shall be as wide as possible.

Water closet stalls shall have a clear unobstructed space from the water closet bowl to the door of at least 1,500 mm wide by 1,500 mm deep. This will allow for easy maneuverability of the wheelchair when in the stall. A clear turning radius of 2,250 mm is preferred (but not required) to accommodate people in power wheelchairs.

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L.3.3 Washroom fixtures In washrooms, dispensers and receptacles shall be mounted with their highest operable parts above the floor surface within the following ranges: (a) Paper towel dispensers/hand dryers: 1,100 mm to 1,200 mm. (b) Soap dispensers: 900 mm to 1,000 mm and within 500 mm forward grasp reach. (c) Toilet paper dispensers: 750 mm to 850 mm. (d) Toilet seat cover dispensers: 900 mm to 1,000 mm. (e) Waste receptacles: 900 mm to 1,000 mm. (f) Grab bars as outlined in ABC 2006, 3.8.3.8 (2). A coat hook shall be mounted on a solid wall. All washroom fixtures shall be installed for safety and ease of use.

Figure 59: Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

A toilet paper dispenser shall be within reach. It shall be located so that its operable part is not less than 460 – 480 mm from an adjacent wall to the centerline of a water closet.

Figure 60. Proper location of fixtures. 42

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

An automatic or single-function towel dispenser (requiring only one hand and only one movement to release the towel) is recommended.

L.3.4 Lavatory knee space To maximize knee space below the lavatory, “P” traps in drain lines shall be offset horizontally so that a minimum of 280 mm is provided from the front of the counter to the face of the “P” trap. The bottom of the counter shall be 735 mm to 800 mm from the floor.

Figure 62. Proper knee clearance beneath sink.

L.3.5 Universal washrooms

Figure 61. Properly placed grab bars.

The requirements of Alberta Building Code 2006, section 3.8.2.3(3) indicates a universal washroom is not required “in the entrance story if a barrier free path of travel is provided to a universal water closet elsewhere.” However, it shall be made as easy as possible for people with vision loss or mobility impairments to locate and travel to a washroom. A universal male/female washroom shall be located in all buildings not far from the main entrance on the main floor.

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Where buildings are staffed with full-time security, call buttons or pressable call strips shall be installed in all universal washrooms, in case a washroom user falls or encounters some other circumstance that would require assistance. Where call buttons are installed, they shall be installed on the same wall as the side grab bar and, where pressable strips are installed, they shall be placed on the same walls as the grab bars. Universal washrooms are valuable to mothers with young children, and a counter shall be provided with sufficient space to change an infant’s diaper.

Figure 63. Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

M. Recreational and cultural centres M.1 Principle/rationale Facilities designed and constructed to meet accessibility standards enable people with disabilities to take an active part in community life. Proper design of recreational and cultural facilities encourages healthy lifestyles and educational development. Not all recreational areas need to be completely barrier-free. A diversity of accessibility within a single recreational area enhances everyone’s opportunity to enjoy the outdoors, without “segregation by disability.”

M.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 7.3.3.12. Alberta Building Code 2006 7.3.3.15.

Figure 64. Proper ramps are the best entrance into swimming pools.

Stairs, rather than ladders, shall be provided whenever possible, since stairs are more easily negotiated and can be used to sit upon if wide enough.

Alberta Building Code 2006 7.3.3.18. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.16. (1) Alberta building Code 2006 3.8.3.13

M.3 Proposed standards M.3.1 Swimming pools Accessible swimming pools can be essential for people with disabilities, who may rely on aquatic activities as a form of rehabilitation or exercise.

Figure 65. Where ramps are not feasible, stairs are preferred to ladders.

There shall be a ramp and stairs with handrails on both sides located at the shallow end of the pool.

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Power hoists shall be provided to assist people in wheelchairs with exiting and entering the pool. Power hoists are beneficial, since ramps can be difficult for some people with disabilities to use.

Figure 67. Proper dimensions and materials for an ice rink.

Figure 66. Power hoist into swimming pool.

Pool depths, along with shallow end and deep end, shall be indicated with signage that features contrasting colour and texture. M.3.2 Ice rinks and exercise areas Ice rinks shall be designed with the consideration of sports played by people with disabilities, such as sledge hockey, and for spectators who may also be disabled. Player benches and penalty boxes shall have Plexiglas in front for viewing. The player benches must have two doors 910 mm wide to allow for easy egress and access.14

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Seating and handrails shall be available near the entrance/exit of an ice rink. Level access shall be provided to ice rinks and exercise areas. Exercise areas shall include handrails and/ or wheelchair clearance to some equipment to facilitate transfer to and from exercise equipment. Raised tactile signage shall be included to help identify different types of equipment for people with vision loss. Raised exercise platforms shall be available as an alternative to stretching on the floor for people in wheelchairs or the elderly.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 69. Proper placement of displays.

Lighting fixtures shall be designed and placed to minimize glare and reflection. M.3.4 Drinking fountains Figure 68. Raised exercise platform.

M.3.3 Exhibits Exhibition areas shall also be barrier-free, or an alternative method of interpreting the message shall be provided, such as audio-visual presentations, large print text or tactile signage.

Drinking fountains shall extend within a maximum distance of 200 mm above the floor, with front panel sloping 50 mm to 90 mm inwards. This will allow a close side approach for wheelchairs, and will not be hazardous for people with vision loss when using a cane.

Important artifacts, labels and graphics shall be placed at an elevation that makes viewing comfortable for all visitors. Table displays shall be located between 1,000 mm to 1,200 mm above the ground level. Wall-mounted displays shall be located between 1,200 mm to 1,500 mm above the ground level. Labels on horizontal surfaces shall be tilted to allow for better viewing. Figure 70. Drinking fountain suitable for people with disabilities. Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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The height of the waterspout shall be between 780 mm to 915 mm. The operation control shall be a push button or a lever-type control.

Figure 72. Water temperature control. Figure 71. Universally designed drinking fountain for people who are standing and people who are in wheelchairs.

M.3.5 Shower fixtures A diverter mechanism on the hand-held shower shall be provided to protect people with disabilities against misdirection of spray. A shelf for storing soap, sponges and brushes shall be provided at 850 mm above floor level.

M.3.6 Common showers Common showers shall have beveled thresholds no more than 13 mm in height allowing wheelchairs to pass over with minimal hindrance. A shower wheelchair shall be provided for use in the shower room. A flexible hand-held shower sprayer shall be provided. The slope of shower room floor to drain shall be 1:20 (five per cent).

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 73. Proper shower dimensions.

M.3.7 Individual change/shower rooms Similar to individual washrooms, provision of individual change/shower rooms for people with disabilities allows family members or caregivers of the opposite gender to provide assistance without inconveniencing themselves or other patrons. Individual change rooms shall include an elevated changing platform 1,500 mm wide x 1,800 mm long x 480 mm high. The change rooms are to include a 1,500 mm turning radius, grab bars, coat hooks and shelving at a height of 1,000 mm above the finished floor. A clear turning radius of 2,250 mm is preferred (but not required) to accommodate people in power wheelchairs. Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 74. Proper dimensions for change rooms and showers.

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N. Public facilities N.1 Principle/rationale People with disabilities must attend to dayto-day business, such as banking, community meetings and registering for recreational or educational programs. The excessive height of countertops can make these tasks difficult. Therefore, an area for people in wheelchairs to conduct their business with privacy at a convenient height and with adequate knee space shall be provided. People with disabilities, like most people, enjoy going to plays, movies and sporting events. However, this is often impossible because of the lack of available seating.

N.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.2.1. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.6.

N.3 Proposed standards N.3.1 Counters CAN/CSA-B651-04 recommends the same counter dimensions as the Alberta Building Code 2006, but also includes a minimum clear floor space of not less than 750 mm x 1,200 mm in front of a counter or work surface. However, the recommended and preferred knee space beneath universal counters intended to be used as work surfaces shall be 720 mm to 800 mm high.

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Figure 75. Dimension requirements for counters.

Counters shall be cane detectable and colour/brightness contrasted from their surroundings and surfaces shall have a non-glare, matte finish. To prevent conflict between wheelchair access and cane detection, a border with contrasting colour and brightness and a tactile warning surface shall be laid into the floor near the counter. This can be used as an indicator for people with vision loss approaching a service counter. Where a glass partition separates customers from the service personnel, there shall be an adequate speaker system to facilitate communication.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 77. Proper dimensions for cafeteria counters. Figure 76. Cafeteria counter.

N.3.2 Cafeterias The height of counters for conveying trays shall be a maximum of 865 mm high.

N.3.3 Assembly seating in public facilities Designated wheelchair spaces shall be spread over different areas in a seating space, to avoid secluding people using wheelchairs to one location.

The maximum distance to any liquid dispenser shall be within reach limitations of wheelchair users unless employees are behind the cafeteria line at all times. Food shall be located a maximum of 450 mm from the edge of the counter.

Figure 78. Accessible seating shall be distributed throughout the seating area.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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Spaces provided for persons in wheelchairs shall provide sightlines equal to those provided for the majority of the audience. It is recommended that the number of spaces required for people using wheelchairs in Alberta Building Code 2006, Table 3.8.2.1, be increased by at least two per number of fixed seats to accommodate an increase in the population of people using wheelchairs, which is anticipated in the future.

Removable chairs can be installed in public facilities to accommodate people using wheelchairs, without loss of revenue to the owner. If there is no need for these wheelchair spaces, the seats can be replaced for general use.

Preferred designated wheelchair spaces Number of fixed seats in seating area

Number of spaces required for wheelchairs

2 – 100

4

101 – 200

5

201 – 300

6

301 – 400

7

401 – 500

8

501 – 900

9

901 – 1,300

10

1,301 – 1,700

11

Each increment of up to 400 seats in excess of 1,700

Two additional spaces

Table 1. Required accessible seating.

Spaces for persons in wheelchairs shall be level, and the path of travel to them shall meet the requirements of Section B of these Standards.

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Figure 79. Standard seats can be made removable to accommodate accessible seating.

Seats shall be provided for persons with orthotics or prostheses. The space for accessible seating shall be wide enough to allow people to maneuver from the side, front or behind with their mobility devices. Meeting rooms shall be designed so all members of the audience have clear sightlines to the speaker. Further, the design must limit placement of speakers in front of a window15.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

N.3.4 Permanent barriers If posts are installed as a crowd control measure, at least one post shall be removable and shall be identified with the international symbol of accessibility. If not, an alternative passageway, such as a gate similarly marked, shall be available for access. Bollards shall be placed to minimize obstruction to pedestrian flow. The minimum clearance between bollards shall be 1,200 mm. The minimum height shall be 600 mm, and they shall colour contrast from the surrounding paving to be more visible. Chains, cables or ropes are not recommended as permanent or temporary barriers unless they are easily visible. They shall be placed at a height of no more than 250 mm and no lower than 150 mm, so they are detectable by visually impaired people.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 80. Required dimensions for permanent barriers.

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P. Parks, pathways and playgrounds P.1 Principle/rationale Parks and playgrounds that are accessible provide an opportunity for people with disabilities to have access to the outdoors and to take an active part in community life. All pathways in parks shall be accessible and shall be designed to be safe and protected from the elements. Playground equipment and outdoor furniture shall not become barriers for people with disabilities.

P.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.2.

P.3 Proposed Standards P.3.1 General requirements Parks and playgrounds shall be accessible from surrounding communities and include a continuous, accessible walkway throughout.

The physical organization of a park or playground shall be simple and readily comprehensible by those with vision loss, who may rely on cognitive mapping for orientation. Fences, earth berms or other similar structures used to define a space or give direction shall not be higher than 1,000 mm. This will allow a person in a wheelchair to see over them. Signs pointing out areas of interest or possible hazards shall have raised characters in colours that contrast with the background. The sign surface shall be 1,000 mm to 1,200 mm from the ground, tilted and well lit. Protected rest areas shall be provided at regular intervals (every 30 m) along any walk system. These areas shall be placed closer together where the gradient is greater than 1:12 (eight per cent) due to existing geographical conditions. Where appropriate, rest areas shall be heated for inclement weather conditions. Limit heated rest areas to locations with high volumes of pedestrian traffic, to prevent use of secluded spaces by unwanted visitors. Plant materials shall be used to minimize the adverse effects of the weather, such as wind, glare and temperature. Plants shall be regularly pruned to avoid becoming a hazard.

Figure 81. Proper rest areas along pathways.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Pathways shall follow the contours of the land, with their edges clearly defining the route. They shall have firm bases, and unprotected joints shall not exceed 13 mm in width. This will make travelling easier for people using wheelchairs. Paths shall also have positive drainage and good illumination. Pathways shall be designed to drain water to avoid puddles and ice buildup. They shall also be maintained clear of snow and ice in winter. P.3.3 Posts and maze gates Devices such as posts or maze gates designed to prevent vehicular access shall not prevent access to people with disabilities. Posts shall have a minimum clearance of 1,200 mm. Figure 82. Protection from the elements.

P.3.2 Pathways Pathways shall have a hard-packed surface, complementing the park and surrounding aesthetics.

Maze gates shall have a minimum offset of 1,200 mm and a minimum spacing of 1,500 mm to allow the passage of wheelchairs, as well as adapted or tandem bicycles used by persons with physical disabilities or vision loss.

Figure 84. Proper dimensions and placement of maze gates.

Figure 83. Proper pathways.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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P.3.4 Benches Benches with arm and backrests shall be placed adjacent to an accessible route. The seat height shall be between 450 mm to 500 mm from the ground. Armrests shall be mounted 200 mm above the height of the seat pan. To accommodate a wheelchair, there shall be an adjacent, level and firm ground surface at least 850 mm x 1,200 mm.

Benches shall colour contrast from the surrounding area so persons with vision loss can see them. P.3.5 Picnic tables Picnic tables shall be placed adjacent to an accessible route on a level, firm ground surface. The knee space under the table shall be at least 750 mm wide x 500 mm deep x 760 mm high.

Figure 86. Requirements for an accessible picnic table.

Table and seat surfaces shall be designed to shed water and kept free of snow and debris. Figure 85. Flat area and proper height for a rest area bench.

P.3.6 Trash containers

Heel space is also necessary to make rising from a seated position easier.

Trash containers shall be placed adjacent to, but not obstruct, the walkway.

Seat surfaces shall be pitched to shed water, but not drain out on to walking surfaces where surface water or ice may create a hazard.

Trash container designs shall be easy to use, and shed rain and snow. They shall be operable with one hand.

Seat surfaces and vertical supports shall be designed to avoid accumulating snow and debris.

The maximum height of the opening shall be 900 mm.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

P.3.7 Children’s play spaces Children’s play spaces and equipment shall be designed in accordance with CAN/ CSA-Z614-07, Annex H, Children’s Playspaces and Equipment that are Accessible to People with Disabilities. The Standard shall be consulted for exact details; however, the general design requirements are outlined below. Generally, children’s play spaces shall contain an appropriate mixture of ground level and elevated play components, which provide play opportunities for all children. Ground level play components include spring rockers, swings, stand-alone slides and diggers, while elevated play components include composite play structures that may have slides, climbing apparatus and other play components, which can be approached from either the ground level or from an elevated platform.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

The appropriate number of ground level and elevated play components shall be located on an accessible route. The accessible route shall meet the width, overhead clearance, slope and handrail requirements of the Standard referenced above and shall connect each child with the maneuvering spaces and clear ground spaces that are necessary for the child to access or transfer to the various play components. The material used on the ground surface of the accessible route shall meet the requirements of the Standard referenced above. At time of printing, the requirements are that the ground surface must meet ASTM F1951, Surface Accessibility Test. Examples of commercially available products that meet the ASTM F1951 standard are poured-in-place rubber, synthetic grass carpets and resilient rubber tiles.

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Q. Patios Q.1 Principle/rationale Patio seating and the associated opportunities for socializing shall be accessible by all. Public patios can become quite congested in the summer, so it is important to provide appropriate clearances. Exterior patios and public balconies shall be accessible from the interior and the adjacent exterior path of travel. Design features, such as the ground surface and tables, shall consider the needs of people with disabilities.

Q.2 Existing regulations There are no existing regulations for patios, but the following Standards for City facilities shall be followed.

Q.3 Proposed standards The width of the entrance to and from the balcony or patio shall be in conformance with Section A and B of these Standards.

A minimum clear turning radius of 1,500 mm shall be provided on the balcony/patio to grant a person in a wheelchair the ability to change directions. A clear turning radius of 2,250 mm is preferred (but not required) to accommodate people in power wheelchairs. At least one eating surface shall be at a height of 720 mm to 865 mm under the tabletop, with a clear minimum depth of 350 mm under the table for knee space. Ground surfaces shall be firm and slip resistant. If wood planks are used on the ground surface, then the wood shall be placed perpendicular to the main path of travel and the space between each wood plank shall not exceed 13 mm. Planters hanging over guardrails can obstruct adjacent paths of travel. Planter boxes shall not hang lower than 1,980 mm from the ground, or shall hang on the interior of the balcony/patio.

Figure 87. Proper layout and dimensions of an accessible patio.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

R. Emergency egress, alarms and warning surfaces R.1 Principle/rationale

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.2.4.19.

The incorporation of barrier-free principles in the regulations governing safety and egress benefits everyone, particularly in an emergency. It is essential that everyone, including people with hearing or vision loss, receive the same emergency warnings and that people with physical disabilities are able to evacuate a building safely and quickly. As additional assistance from emergency responders may be required, areas of refuge shall be incorporated into the design as an extra safety measure.

1) Visual signal devices required by Sentences 3.2.4.17.(4) and 3.2.4.18.(7) and (8) shall be installed so that the signal from at least one device is visible throughout the floor area or portion thereof in which they are installed. (See Appendix A.)

Detectable warning surfaces identify hazards, such as changes in grade, for people with vision loss. A uniform system is essential for easy and immediate comprehension.

R.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.2.4.17. 4) In a building or portion thereof intended for use primarily by persons with hearing impairment, visual signal devices shall be installed in addition to audible signal devices. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.2.4.18. 1) Audible signal devices forming part of a fire alarm system shall be installed in a building so that alert signals and alarm signals are clearly audible throughout the floor area in which they are installed.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

2) Visual signal devices shall conform to ULC-S526, “Visible Signal Devices for Fire Alarm Systems.” 3) A visual signal device shall be installed in close proximity to each required audible signal appliance. Alberta Building Code 2006 (A)3.2.4.19. ULC-S526, “Visible Signal Devices for Fire Alarm Systems,” published by Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada, applies to visual signaling units. This document is referenced by the most recent standard for the installation of fire alarm systems and would automatically apply. Current Canadian technology does not integrate visual and audible alarms to have the same temporal pattern. Visual and audible alarms should have as close a temporal pattern as possible but without interference beats that might have a deleterious effect on some persons. Visual signaling devices with the same temporal pattern as required for audible devices are available from some sources and they should become available in Canada. Not all units that comply with the ULC standard will have sufficient power to adequately cover large areas; care will have to be taken to specify units with adequate power when large spaces are being designed. 59

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.3.1.7.

Alberta Building Code 2006 A-3.3.1.7. (1)

1) Every floor area above or below the first storey that is not sprinklered throughout and that has a barrier-free path of travel shall

1) These measures are intended to provide temporary refuge for persons with disabilities. It is acknowledged, however, that the measures cannot provide absolute safety for all occupants in the fire area. It therefore, may be necessary to develop special arrangements in the fire safety plan to evacuate persons with disabilities from these areas. Details for suitable plans are contained in the Alberta Fire code.

a) be served by an elevator i) conforming to Sentences 3.2.6.5.(4) to (6), and ii) protected against fire in conformance with Clauses 3.2.6.5.(5)(b) or (c), b) be divided into at least 2 zones by fire separations conforming to Sentences (2), (3) and (4) so that i) persons with physical disabilities can be accommodated in each zone, and ii) the travel distance from any point in one zone to a doorway leading to another zone shall be not more than the value for travel distance permitted by Sentence 3.4.2.5.(1) for the occupancy classification of the zone, c) have an exterior exit at ground level, or d) have a ramp leading to ground level. (See Appendix A.) 4) In a barrier-free path of travel a downward change in elevation shall be signaled by the use of a 600 mm wide tactile warning strip placed 250 mm from the edge and for the full width of a stair, escalator, moving walkway, ramp or platform and identified using colour and brightness contrast.

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The protected elevator referred to in Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(a) is intended to be used by fire fighters as a means for evacuating persons with disabilities. It is not intended that this elevator be used by persons with disabilities as a means of egress without the assistance of fire fighters. If an estimate is to be made of the number of persons with disabilities in a floor area who can be accommodated in each zone in Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(b), this estimate may be based on Table 3.8.2.1., which is used to determine the minimum number of spaces to be provided for wheelchair occupants in fixed seating areas. If more precise information is available, it should be used for sizing the zones. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.2.5. 3) Exits shall be located and arranged so that they are clearly visible or their locations are clearly indicated and they are accessible at all times.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.9.

R.3. Proposed standards

1) The floor area on each side of a horizontal exit shall be sufficient to accommodate the occupants of both floor areas, allowing not less than 0.5 m² of clear floor space per person, except that 1.5 m² shall be provided for each person in a wheelchair and 2.5 m² for each bedridden patient.

R.3.1 Emergency evacuation

3) In a horizontal exit where there is a difference in level between the connected floor areas, gradients not exceeding those specified for ramps in Article 3.4.6.6. are permitted to be used. 4) No stairs or steps shall be used in a horizontal exit. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.10. 2) No exit door shall open directly onto a step except that, where there is danger of blockage from ice or snow, an exit door is permitted to open onto not more than one step which shall be not more than 150 mm high. 3) Exit doors shall be clearly identifiable. (See Appendix A.) Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.15. 3) Except as required by Sentence 3.8.3.3.(7), every exit door shall be designed and installed so that, when the latch is released, the door will open under a force of not more than 90 N applied at the knob or other latch releasing device.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Emergency evacuation requirements rely on the minimum standards of egress and suitable operational procedures, such as the buddy system. People with disabilities must arrange in advance with co-workers or neighbours for assistance. It is important that exits and pull stations are easily located and that emergency procedures are clear. R.3.2 Visual fire alarm signal devices Visual signal appliances shall be installed to enhance the fire alarm system as a reliable system for people with hearing loss who may not be able to hear audible alarms. Visual alarms shall include lights that flash at a frequency of approximately 1 Hz in conjunction with the audible emergency alarms. They shall be significantly brighter than the ambient light. The Epilepsy Society indicates that a flash rate less than 3 Hz poses no danger to undiagnosed epileptics. There shall be a tactile strip, such as a decal, beside or preferably below the handle of an exit door to identify it clearly as the exit door to people with vision loss. This is also beneficial if the area is full of smoke and the exit sign is not visible.

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R.3.3 Detectable warning surfaces Detectable warning surfaces are not commonly used. Further research is required to achieve a higher level of standardization and effectiveness. A tactile warning system shall be limited in its application to specific design elements to prevent diverse individual interpretations and usages of such an important warning system. All detectable warning surfaces in a building must be consistent in placement, materials used and the warning message they convey to people with vision loss. A detectable surface that is consistent shall be used at every emergency exit location on the ground surface. CAN/CSA-B651-04 requires that detectable warning strips on walking surfaces shall be at least 900 mm long, which is preferred to the 600 mm required by the Alberta Building Code. The 900 mm detectable warning surface increases the likelihood that a person will detect it regardless of stride length. A detectable warning surface shall consistently present detectable differences in resiliency, texture, colour/brightness contrast and sound in order to be discernible to a maximum number of people with visual loss. The textural difference shall be sufficient to enable easy detection under foot or a long cane tip.

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Figure 88. Detectable warning strips on stairs.

R.3.4 Areas of refuge An area of refuge shall be available on every floor that requires the use of stairs to exit as a safe waiting place for people who need assistance outside of the building. Areas of refuge shall provide no less than 0.5 m² of floor space per ambulatory occupant and 1.9 m² of floor space per non-ambulatory occupant. The Alberta Building Code normally requires 1.5 m² per non-ambulatory occupant. However, a review of the floor area taken up by larger power chairs, as shown in CAN/ CSA-B651-04, indicates that the power chairs take up 25 per cent more floor area, hence the increase from 1.5 m² to 1.9 m².

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

The door leading into the area of refuge shall not encroach on the space for wheelchairs. A two-way voice communication system for use between each area of refuge and the central alarm control facility shall be provided in accordance with CAN/CSA-B651-04.

Figure 89. Area of refuge.

Areas of refuge shall be separated from the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating as required by Alberta Building Code 2006, 3.8.2.

The space shall be identified with directional and identification signage and shall incorporate the international symbol for accessibility for disabled persons. Areas of refuge shall be identified on all publicly displayed floor evacuation plans and be included in evacuation procedure documents.

Areas of refuge shall be served by an exit or a firefighters’ elevator. The stairwell is the safest space for an area of refuge. The dimensions shall be added to the landing of a stairwell to allow for an area of refuge, as well as space for a door to open onto and for people to pass through without obstructing the space of refuge. Non-ambulatory occupants in areas of refuge shall not obstruct egress.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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S. Communications S.1 Principle/rationale

S.2 Existing regulations

A hallmark of well-designed buildings is that they are simple to navigate through and they provide opportunities for human interaction within them. If a building has a poor wayfinding system or does not facilitate easy communication between users, the building may not be enjoyable for anyone to visit, whether it be for business or leisure. This is especially true for those with disabilities.

Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.15.

Public telephones that are not accessible to people with disabilities deny a basic service that most of us take for granted. In addition, inaccessible communication facilities can deny well-being and safety in an emergency. Many people who use hearing aids have difficulty functioning in noisy environments, especially when the speaker or speakers are at a distance. Several systems are available that can overcome the combined problems of distance and background noise. Types of assistive listening systems include induction loops, FM radio frequency systems and infrared systems. All these aid hearing without disturbing the listening enjoyment of other people. The choice and size (power) of the system will depend on the type of application and the size of the room. The purpose of signs is to provide information and direction. They shall be strategically placed for high visibility and be simple and consistent for easy comprehension. Raised characters provide tactile cues for persons who have vision loss.

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Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.7. 1) Except as permitted by Sentence (2), in a building of assembly occupancy, all assembly areas with an area of more than 100 m² shall be equipped with an assistive listening system comprising the entire seating area. 2) If the assistive listening system required by Sentence (1) is an induction loop system, only half the seating area in the room need be encompassed. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.3.1. Alberta Building Code 2006 3.4.6.18. 1) Arabic numerals indicating the assigned floor number shall a) be mounted permanently on the stair side of the wall at the latch side of doors to exit stair shafts, b) be not less than 60 mm high, raised approximately 0.70 mm above the surface, c) be located 1,350 mm from the finished floor and beginning not more than 150 mm from the door, and d) be contrasting in colour with the surface on which they are applied.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Alberta Building Code 2006 A-3.4.6.18. 1d) Identification of floor and other signs intended to facilitate orientation for visually impaired persons should offer maximum colour contrast to be effective. For this reason, it is recommended that white on black or black on white be used, as this combination produces the best legibility. It is also recommended that the sign surfaces be processed to prevent glare.

S.3 Proposed standards S.3.1 Telephones Where several public telephones are grouped together, at least one of them shall be accessible to people in wheelchairs and those with hearing difficulties. Where there is only one, it shall be wheelchair accessible and have a variable volume control. Where there are more than 10 public phones, 10 per cent shall be equipped with TDD/TTY. In Section A, the principles of CoLATE were introduced. The principle that has been considered in this sub-section and others in these Standards is E – Ergonomics, which is described by Iantkow as follows: Ergonomics: although ergonomics is actually defined as ‘the study of people in relation to their working environment’, I am implying a much broader connotation to the term. Ergonomics within the context of safe orientation and mobility for people with visual disabilities is actually meant to allude to the logical layout and usage of a structure or area.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Simply by reasoning, then, one might assume there will be washrooms adjacent to an eating area; or seating next to a reception area; or public telephones close to an entry vestibule to a major building etc. The way the walls, doors and various fixtures are oriented to one another, as well, might be an ‘ergonomic’ consideration. Generally, only when a structure is planned with right angles, logically situating decision and destination points for wayfinding, and logically situating facilities by ‘usage’ or ‘complementary considerations’ might the safe orientation and mobility of people with visual disabilities be met.16

Figure 90. Proper dimensions for a payphone.

Accessible pay telephones shall be identified with the International Symbol of Access. Organizations are strongly encouraged to use the designated symbol in all their promotional activities (see other parts of Section S). 17

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Telephones shall be offset with a space beside them to provide room for the TDD/TTY carried by people with hearing loss.

Protection from prevailing winds and blowing snow shall be considered for exterior telephones. In addition, ambient noise, such as vehicular traffic, shall be considered when locating exterior telephones, or a means to minimize the noise, such as an enclosed booth, shall be included. This makes communication easier for people who are hearing impaired. S.3.2 Transactions

Figure 91. Design of a telephone booth to accommodate TDD/TTY.

A pay telephone shall be mounted on a wall, on a freestanding pylon or in an enclosure that will allow access for a person using a wheelchair to the telephone and still be cane detectable. The length of the cord from the telephone to the handset shall be a minimum of 1,000 mm. There shall be 800 mm clearance from the floor surface to the underside of any enclosure or shelf. There shall be a minimum clear floor space of 800 mm in front of a telephone to allow access for people in wheelchairs. A bench that is either stationary or swing-away shall be considered near an accessible telephone.

Where there is more than one automated teller machine, at least one of them shall be accessible to people in wheelchairs. Where there is only one, it shall be accessible. The highest operable control shall be 1,100 mm from the floor. The knee space shall be no less than 700 mm high x 500 mm deep. ATMs shall be configured to protect others from seeing keystrokes, while allowing the user to observe their surroundings. Kiosks, points of sale and other interactive transaction machines require text messages in conjunction with audio messages. Induction loops shall be installed in box offices, ticket and other counters, alcoves within large spaces, as well as in theatres, halls and churches. Counters equipped with induction loops shall be clearly signed and in regular use.

The minimum illumination level on operating mechanisms, the directory and shelf shall be 200 lx. 66

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

S.3.3 FM Radio frequency systems FM systems shall be considered in large public facilities, such as airports and other transport terminals. When clearly marked, the FM broadcast area provides the traveller with an easily located listening zone, so all information, especially important announcements, is readily available. S.3.4 Infrared systems Instead of using sound frequencies, infrared technology uses invisible light energy called the infrared light spectrum to deliver sound from a transmitter to the hard of hearing or deafened person. The hard of hearing person wears a special receiver, or headset, which works in conjunction with a loop or a T-switch in his/her hearing aid. The infrared signal will not transmit to the listener through walls or when the signal is interrupted by a moving object, or person. Infrared systems are suitable for listening in both large and small groups, while watching TV, listening to the radio, in meetings or other public venues. Both FM and infrared systems are available as personal listening devices or may be provided in public venues such as meeting rooms, lecture halls, places of worship, or theatres.18 Infrared rays are contained within an enclosed space in which they are being used for transmission. Individual transmissions shall be blocked by solid barriers so there will be no interference.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

The system shall be shielded from the sun or the strength of transmission increased to avoid interference. S.3.5 Signage Adequate signs and symbols provide persons with hearing loss visual cues about the direction to various services, business locations, floor numbers and level location in parking lots. It is recommended that CNIB (The Canadian National Institute for the Blind) standards for contrasts and colours be adopted. Signs and symbols shall be kept simple and consistent. Symbols are preferable to words, particularly for those with language or reading difficulties. The lettering styles for signs recommended by Holmes-Siedle are Helvetica Medium and Light, Universe or Goudy Extra Bold.19 The lettering sizes recommended by Holmes-Siedle at a viewing distance of 5m are: • 25 mm capital height for general information. • 37 mm capital height for directional signs. Standard symbols shall be used to identify washrooms and for which gender they are designated, to allow easy comprehension by people with cognitive disabilities. Consideration of lettering size and style, use of appropriate colours for contrast and a non-distracting background shall enhance its legibility.

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S.3.6 Lettering and numbers Lettering and numbers shall be 60 mm minimum in height and be raised at least 0.70 mm.

Figure 93. Proper lettering design.

Figure 92. Proper signage.

All public buildings shall be required to have internationally accepted signs indicating accessible facilities are within the building. These signs shall be located near the entrance to direct people upon entry to the building. Signs shall also be placed along the route to provide reassurance, which is essential to people with cognitive disabilities, and provide visual cues for people with hearing loss. Auditory information shall be used in conjunction with visual information where applicable.

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Lettering and numbers shall have a width-toheight ratio between 3:5 and 1:1, and have a stroke-width-to-height ratio between 1:5 and 1:10. No ornate lettering shall be used on signs, because it is difficult for people who are visually or cognitively impaired to read. Contrasting colours shall be used on signs to provide easy reading, especially for people who are visually impaired. The horizontal centre line of a group of raised letters, numbers and symbols shall be not more than 1,350 mm from the floor. All characters shall be clearly separated. They shall be located at standard positions within a building.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

S.3.7 Location of signs Direction signs shall be placed at focal points on main traffic routes. Signs shall be located to indicate a through route with a location sign at the destination.

Figure 95. Directional map.

S.3.9 Intelligent navigation system

Figure 94. Directional signage.

The location of suspended signs and sandwich board signs shall conform to Sections A and B of these Standards. S.3.8 Building directional maps Directional maps, where provided, shall be located at the entrances to buildings at a height of 1,200 mm and be tilted. This allows persons in wheelchairs to read them easily. Raised characters, lines and symbols shall be used to assist people with vision loss to find walls, doors, elevators and line of travel.

The Intelligent Navigation System is a system that may be developed in the future to adapt to the changing needs of people with vision loss. This system is not required to be installed, however its installation is encouraged where warranted. In this system, devices are installed under roads, stairs, escalators and ramps, which transmit signals to personal digital assistants. Information can be received when a person approaches stairs, crosswalks, the edge of a platform and other buildings.21

Tactile maps and audio map systems are helpful for people with vision loss. They may be placed in public parks, exterior pathways, sidewalks or in the lobbies of buildings. These maps enable users to identify their location and to get an accurate sense of distance and direction.20 Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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T. Plus-15 System T.1 Principle/rationale

T.2 Existing regulations

An accessible Plus-15 system allows people with disabilities to travel through the downtown core easily and quickly, without having to contend with hazards like vehicular traffic and sidewalk obstructions at grade level.

The Plus-15 design policies that affect access are found in the following City of Calgary documents: Land Use Bylaw 1P2007, Plus15 Policy, Downtown Handbook of Public Improvements, Alberta Building Code applications to Plus-15 systems, the Standard Development Agreement, the Report on City of Calgary Plus-15 Access Stairs and The City of Calgary Regulation Bulletins, produced by the Building Regulations division.

Since non-ambulatory persons have limited mobility, adverse weather conditions can hinder their movement. The Plus-15 system provides alternative routes through the downtown that are always warm and dry. The glass construction allows a visual connection with the outdoors, reducing security problems.

The minimum unobstructed width for +15 bridges, walkways and lane links shall be 4,500 mm. Widths up to 6,000 mm should be encouraged only in locations where high pedestrian volume is anticipated (retail areas).

Figure 96. Plus-15 symbol.

Figure 97. Cross section of Plus-15 bridge.

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Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

One elevator must provide access to both grade and Plus-15 levels. All walkways should be negotiable by the disabled with elevator access. Plus-15 bridges, walkways and lane links shall be accessible to persons with push carts or carriages, the elderly, people with disabilities and others whose mobility is impaired. Where ramps are provided to achieve this objective, a maximum ramp grade of 1:12 should be required.

The provision of sliding doors (wired to the building’s smoke detector and emergency fire alarm systems) or other such devices on Plus-15 bridges that reduce pedestrian barriers while maintaining adequate fire protection should be encouraged. Sliding doors must conform to the Alberta Building Code, 2006.

All Plus-15 walkways should provide a hard surface or low-pile carpet flooring material to allow for easy maintenance and to contribute to the perception of walkways as completely public. (Refer to Section B.3.3 Floor Surfaces) The minimum unobstructed width for Plus-15 stairs shall be 2,000 mm. Stairs should be clearly visible and directly adjacent and accessible to street or avenue sidewalk and Plus-15 system. Access points should be located at both ends of every bridge.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

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U. Public transit U.1 Principle/rationale

U.3.2 Handrails and guards

Non-ambulatory and semi-ambulatory people shall not have to rely solely on specialized transportation services for travel. Having an accessible public transit system relieves the burden on those services. With changing demographics and increasing numbers of people with disabilities, those services are being stretched to their limit. The City of Calgary has recognized the needs of the disabled community concerning public transit, and has implemented design changes to accommodate them. With an accessible LRT system, people with disabilities and seniors will have alternative means of travel.

Handrails in all stations shall be reduced in diameter where required.

U.2 Existing regulations Consult The City of Calgary’s Transit Friendly Design Guide, Transit-Oriented Development Policy Guidelines and Calgary Transit’s LRT Design Guidelines for further guidance related to transit facilities.

U.3 Proposed standards U.3.1 Ramps

Refer to Section J: Handrails and Guards U.3.3 Communication and security A pay telephone shall be mounted on walls or in an enclosure that allows access for a wheelchair, yet is detectable by a cane. The signage and way-finding system shall be consistent across all transit facilities. Features to increase safety and convenience shall include protruding red emergency call buttons linked to the transit system and glass walls to increase visibility. Refer to Section S: Communications U.3.4 Elevators Refer to Section K: Elevators U.3.5 Announcements Devices providing visual and audible announcements of delay of service or emergencies shall be used wherever feasible.

Long ramps require a physical exertion beyond the capability of many people, including those in wheelchairs. Standards on accessibility must be followed and exterior conditions must be taken into consideration for ramps exposed to the weather that become particularly hazardous when covered with snow and ice.

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U.3.6 Platforms It is important that all platforms be accessible; they must include warning strips where required, slip-resistant ground or floor surfaces, furniture that is colour contrasted from its background and materials/furniture that do not create glare. The design and placement of obstructions like garbage cans, ticket dispensers, lighting and enclosed shelters shall be consistent and predictable.

Glass panels shall have decals or a continuous coloured line, 1,350 mm above the ground with a minimum width of 150 mm. Clearances in front and at least on one side of the entrance to the bus shelter shall be 1,500 mm in width. A universal path of travel from a pedestrian walkway and/or the drop-off point from transit shall be provided to the entrance of the bus shelter.

If a bridge is designed to connect to a platform, handrails and guards must be provided on both sides of the bridge in all future installations. If the bridge is 1,650 mm or wider and has a slope steeper than 1:20 (five per cent), a third handrail must be located in the center of the bridge, where operationally feasible. U.3.7 Benches In all future installations, the perimeters of benches shall colour contrast from the background to increase the likelihood that people with vision loss will notice them. Benches shall be 450 mm to 500 mm high. Refer to Section P of these Standards for more details.

Figure 98. Accessible LRT platform.

U.3.8 Transit shelters Transit shelters serve as drop-off points in an accessible transit system. Shelters shall be set back from the curb to allow sufficient space for pedestrian circulation and drifting snow.

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V. Pedestrian crossings and traffic signals V.1 Principle/rationale Properly designed crosswalks and audible pedestrian traffic signals assist in safe travel across an intersection. Properly designed crosswalks direct pedestrians safely across a road, without directing them into traffic. The audible signal acts as confirmation of the traffic flow and as a directional indicator for people with vision loss and often serves as a pacer to people with cognitive disabilities.

V.2 Existing regulations Contact the Advisory Committee on Accessibility (ACA) for regulations governing audible pedestrian traffic signals.

V.3. Proposed standards This section applies to pedestrian crossings and traffic signals on City owned and operated buildings. The City of Calgary Roads and Transportation Planning shall be consulted for all matters concerning crossings and traffic signals on public sidewalks and roads.

Protruded or tactile direction arrows shall be provided near push buttons and located in a standardized location at the crosswalks, so that people with vision loss can find them.22 These are not standards used by The City of Calgary for public roads, but shall be considered if there is a need for pedestrian push buttons and audible signals within the property of a City facility. Push buttons, which activate visual pedestrian signals, shall also operate the audible pedestrian indicators. The button shall activate when using any part of the arm or hand. V.3.2 Audible signals The audible sound cue shall be clearly audible above the ambient noise of the crosswalk area. Audible pedestrian traffic signals shall be located at crosswalks in high-traffic areas. One audible sound unit shall be installed at each end of a crosswalk. When the unit is operated, a tone shall sound for the full duration of the walk interval.

V.3.1 Pedestrian push buttons If push buttons are used, they shall be placed on the first pole away from the intersecting street at a height of 1,000 mm to 1,100 mm on the side of the pole parallel to the sidewalk.

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Under normal crosswalk conditions, the number of tones to be used shall be two. One tone shall be for pedestrians crossing in the east-west direction, and a second different tone shall be for pedestrians crossing in the northsouth direction. For safety, the two tones shall be consistent throughout the city. All traffic signals shall be set to allow sufficient time for pedestrians to complete the crossing safely.

Figure 99. Proper crosswalk.

Audible signal posts shall constantly emit a slow, intermittent sound, which is distinguishable from the crossing signals, to indicate to a person with vision loss the presence of the crosswalk, the location of the push-button and to act as an audible beacon on the opposite side of the road. These are not standards used by The City of Calgary for public roads, but shall be considered if there is a need for pedestrian push buttons and audible signals within the property of a City facility.

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W. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) W.1 Principle/rationale The consideration of crime prevention through design and effective use of the physical environment can help reduce the incidence of criminal behaviour, thereby improving the quality of life. Although crime prevention through design will benefit everyone, it will have a particular benefit for people with disabilities, as they may be more vulnerable in some situations. All commercial Development Permit applications, including multi-residential, industrial, commercial and public developments, receive a CPTED review during circulation.

W.2 Existing regulations For more information or a CPTED review of designs, please contact: Calgary Police Services District # (local area) Community liaison officer (CLO) or Calgary Police Services Crime Prevention Unit 315 10th Ave. S.E., Fourth Floor Telephone: 403-509-1754 Fax: 403-509-1757

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W.3 Proposed standards W.3.1 General requirements Access control uses doors, shrubs, fences, gates and other physical design elements to discourage access to an area by all but its intended users. Safety and security are provided through the design and layout of space. The location of windows allows a person to be aware of exterior activities. Natural strategies have low human and capital resource requirements. Surveillance is achieved by placing windows in locations that allow intended users to see or be seen while ensuring that intruders will be observed as well. Surveillance is enhanced by providing adequate lighting and landscaping that allow for unobstructed views. Security guards or police provide surveillance and access control, but are labour intensive and expensive. Capital or hardware intensive security (e.g., alarms or cameras) provide access control and surveillance. Territory is defined by sidewalks, landscaping, porches and other elements that establish the boundaries between public and private areas.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

The general design strategies listed above can be applied in any environment to improve natural access control, natural surveillance and territorial behaviour to:

• Improve the scheduling of space to provide for effective and critical intensity of uses.

• Provide a clear border definition of controlled space.

• Overcome distance and isolation through improved communications and design efficiencies, (e.g., emergency telephones, pedestrian paths).

• Provide a clearly marked transition from public to semi-public to private space.

• Design space to increase the perception of natural surveillance.

• Locate gathering areas in places with natural surveillance and access control and away from the view of potential offenders. • Provide natural barriers to conflicting activities.

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X. Universal Dwelling Units X.1 Principle/rationale Residential suites, including single and multifamily homes, shall be livable for people with and without disabilities. A universal home allows people to move around and live without any restrictions within their space. The flexibility of a home will accommodate people with all types of disabilities and provide a diverse comfort level for all. The Alberta Building Code requires adaptable dwelling units when the project has received funding from the Alberta Government. STANDATA 06-BCI-010 defines adaptable as a dwelling unit that “has been designed to allow it to be altered to make the unit consistent with the principles of barrier-free design.” The Access Design Standards extend this requirement to projects owned or operated by The City of Calgary. While it is required that new construction conform to these Standards, it is expected that complete conformance with these Standards may not always be possible when renovations are undertaken. On a caseby-case basis, the appropriate City of Calgary business units shall be consulted to determine the level of expected conformance.

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The quantity of adaptable units to be provided shall be in accordance with ABC 2006 3.8.1.1. (3), as follows: a) Two or more for projects of 10 to 25 dwelling units. b) Five or more for projects of 26 to 50 dwelling units. c) Ten or more for projects of 51 to 100 dwelling units. d) Fifteen or more for projects of 101 to 200 dwelling units. e) Twenty or more for projects exceeding 200 dwelling units.

X.2 Existing regulations Alberta Building Code 2006 3.8.1.1.(3) STANDATA 06-BCI-010

X.3 Proposed standards X.3.1 General considerations The following features can be included in all spaces of a dwelling unit and are based on CNIB, CAN/CSA – B651-04, CMHC, STANDATA 06-BCI-010 and ABC 2006.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Throughout Section X, we differentiate between “universal” design elements, and “barrier-free” design elements. All universal design elements shall be incorporated into every unit required by this standard to be adaptable. Barrier free design elements shall be incorporated if the person living in the unit has a disability that would require those features to be installed. Not every barrier-free design element will always be required. For example, if a person with vision loss wants to live in an adaptable unit, barrierfree design features benefiting people with mobility loss may not be necessary. Universal design elements • All paths of travel within the unit shall be stable, firm, slip resistant and 920 mm wide, minimum. • 1,500-mm turning spaces shall be provided at strategic locations to allow people using mobility aids to circulate unimpeded through the dwelling unit (a clear turning radius of 2,250 mm is preferred, but not required, to accommodate people in power wheelchairs). • Doors shall be 920 mm wide, minimum. • Swinging or sliding doors shall have minimum clear opening of 850 mm. • Lever door handles. • D-shaped handles on cabinets and drawers.

• The breaker panels shall be mounted with their lowest operable parts 1,200 mm above the finished floor. • Plumbing under sink shall be insulated and protected with a face panel, and the P-trap shall be offset to the rear. • Electrical outlets shall be 600 mm high from the finished floor to the centre line of the outlets. • Wall thermostats shall be 1,200 mm high and oriented for easy operation and reading. • Window devices shall be easy to manipulate. • Reinforced wall areas to support grab bars where needed in tub and toilet areas. • Thresholds shall be no more than 13 mm higher than the finished floor or it shall be beveled at a 1:2 (50 per cent) slope. • Evenly distributed lighting with consideration of natural light sources to reduce glare. • Colour contrast for baseboards and doorframes to highlight traffic areas for people with partial sight. • Acoustic design considerations to avoid echoes within any living area. • The necessary electrical and electronic infrastructure needed to facilitate call systems shall be installed.

• Lever or automatic faucets. • Light switches shall be mounted at 1,000 mm above the finished floor.

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Barrier-free design elements • Sliding or pull-out shelves. • Countertops and work surfaces that can be height adjusted. • Knee space under counters shall be 760 mm wide x 485 mm deep x 685 mm to 865 mm high.

• If carpet is installed, it shall be low-pile carpet. Barrier-free design elements • Wallpaper or other materials with good acoustic control properties may reduce the noise level if located next to a noisy space such as a kitchen.

X.3.2 Entrances

X.3.4 Kitchen

Universal design elements

Universal design elements

• Accessible storage spaces for outerwear and shoes shall be provided in a location that does not interfere with access to the rest of the dwelling unit.

• Cook top, sink and work surfaces shall be capable of being adjusted to the same level, so pots can be moved easily between the them.

• Closets shall have sliding doors with D-shaped handles.

• Lighting under upper cabinets to illuminate the work area shall be on a separate switch from the general lighting in kitchen.

• Closet rods for coat storage shall be 1,200 mm high. X.3.3 Living space Universal design elements • The space shall be large enough to accommodate a wide seat/sofa, allowing a person with mobility loss to leave their wheelchair and sit with family members. • Space shall be provided for shelves to store books and other objects, with shelves 150 to 450 mm deep.

• Drawers with full extension slides: 150 to 450 mm deep. • Cabinet and drawer pulls with D-shaped handles, colour contrasted from the cabinet surface. Barrier-free design elements • Cook top surface shall be located 810 mm to 860 mm from the finished floor, with front controls and heat protected knee space located below. • An accessible oven with a door that opens toward the side, where the bottom of the door is mounted between 400 mm to 860 mm from the finished floor. • Refrigerator door shall swing 180º.

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• Side-by-side fridges or bottom mount freezers shall be provided. • Sinks that are more shallow than an average sink for accessibility with lever-type or automatic faucets shall be provided. • Sink shall be 810 mm to 865 mm high from the rim to the floor, and knee space shall be provided below. • Space for a microwave shall be provided at counter height with knee space below, or a wall-shelf-mounted microwave with a pullout shelf below shall be installed so items can be pulled out safely. • Outlets and switches located at the front of counters rather than near the backsplash. Where children are expected to live in a dwelling unit, the outlet shall be installed in an accessible location that is out of a child’s reach. • A work surface on at least one side of cook top, sink, dishwasher and oven (or pullout shelf under the oven) shall be provided. • Adjustable counters: 600 mm deep x 765 mm to 850 mm high. • Pullout storage and roll-out shelves. X.3.5 Washroom The main washroom in the dwelling unit shall be adaptable.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Universal design elements • Before installing a bathtub, a floor drain shall be installed underneath to allow for a curbless shower to be installed later, if desired. • Elongated toilet shall be provided with a seat that is 400 – 460 mm high. • Toilet paper dispenser, soap tray and light switches shall contrast with the background finish and be installed in accordance with these Standards. • Light fixtures shall not be placed around a mirror to avoid glare. • Sufficient counter space is required to place items while using the washroom to wash or groom. • Washroom accessories shall have a matte finish and contrast from the background. • Hooks shall be installed to prevent hazard to people with vision loss. • Towel bars shall be at a maximum height of 1,200 mm and located within a clear reach of 450 mm from where a wheelchair can be positioned. Barrier-free design elements • Large curb-less roll-in shower with hand held shower head shall have the minimum dimensions of 1,500 mm wide x 1,220 mm deep x 1,830 mm high.

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• Sink shall be mounted 865 mm high and the bowl 150 mm deep. • Folding seat in the shower, ideally one that extends beyond the shower to allow people to leave the wheelchair outside the shower and transfer to the shower seat from the dry floor. • Shower seat shall be 610 mm wide x 450 mm deep x 450 mm high. • Adjustable mirror that is 610 mm wide. • Pullout shelves shall provide storage space for toiletries, makeup, hair products and soap, and shall be 450 mm deep. • Grab bars. • The counter shall contrast with the background for people with vision loss. • Lavatory counter shall be (min.) 915 mm wide x 610 mm (max.) deep x 810 to 865 mm high. X.3.6 Laundry room Depending on the type of housing development, there may be either a common laundry room or laundry rooms within the individual suites. Below are the design requirements for each case. Universal design elements – common and insuite laundry rooms • Working surfaces shall be 600 mm deep x 765 mm to 850 mm high.

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Universal design elements – common laundry rooms only • Washer and dryer have front-mounted controls, with side-hinged doors and door swings of 180º. • Interior of the dryer shall be illuminated. Universal design elements – in-suite laundry rooms only • Space shall be provided to store laundry supplies. • Pull-out drawers shall be 450 mm deep. Barrier-free design elements – in-suite laundry rooms only • Washer and dryer have front-mounted controls, with side-hinged doors and door swings of 180º. • Interior of the dryer shall be illuminated. X.3.7 Bedroom Universal design elements • Telephone jack between 450 mm to 1,200 mm A.F.F. • Closet rod to hang clothing shall be 1,200 mm high. • Closets shall have a clear opening of 810 mm (min.), with a 1,500 mm turning radius in front (a clear turning radius of 2,250 mm is preferred, but not required, to accommodate people in power wheelchairs).

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

• Clear openings for closet doors can be less than 810 mm if a 300-mm clearance is provided along the wall on both sides of the storage area. • Avoid mirrors on closet doors to reduce glare and reflection of light in the bedroom, • Closet shall have a sliding door with a D-shaped handles. • Minimum 920-mm clearance on both sides and at the foot of the bed.

X.3.9. Common areas Many projects that incorporate universal dwelling units also include office space for building management, garbage and recycling areas, and recreational amenity spaces. Each of these spaces shall be designed to be accessible in accordance with these Standards. Design shall allow all users to circulate throughout the spaces and use the spaces for their intended functions without being impeded.

• Blocking in ceiling to accommodate ceiling track lift. Barrier-free design elements • Ceiling track to hold lift. • Shelves that pull out mounted between 400 mm to 1,200 mm. X.3.8 Visual emergency and non-emergency alarms Universal design elements • Visual signal devices for the fire alarm system in accordance with ABC 2006 Article 3.2.4.19. • Visual signal devices for security entrances and gate entrances. • Visual signal devices for door bell.

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Figure list A. Exterior Barrier-Free Paths of Travel

B. Interior barrier-free paths of travel

Figure 1. Cane detectable tactile surfaces.

Figure 18. Proper height requirements for protruding objects.

Figure 2. Crosswalk Direction tile. • Butler, Clay. (2001). Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. http:// www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2/ Figure: 8-9 Figure 3. Node tile. • Butler, Clay. (2001). Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. http:// www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2/ Figure: 8-12 Figure 4. Directional tile. • Butler, Clay. (2001). Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. http:// www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/sidewalk2/ Figure: 8-22 Figure 5. Intersection Curb tile. Figure 6. Sidewalk joint. Figure 7. Obstructions located out of the direct path of travel. Figure 8. Specification for protruding objects to avoid collision. Figure 9. Requirements for openings in the ground surface.

Figure 19. Interior passageway. Figure 20. Proper design of an interior corridor. Figure 21. Improper type and installation of carpets. Figure 22. Proper type and installation of floor materials. Figure 23. Recessed obstruction.

C. Vehicular access Figure 24. Lay-by. Figure 25. Proper dimensions and design of canopy over lay-by. Figure 26. Proper placement of parking stalls near entrances. Figure 27. Proper vegetation placement to minimize the effects of the weather. Figure 28. Accessible street parking stall. • Adapted from the Barrier-Free Design Guide. Figure 29. Proper placement of parking stall near entrance. Figure 30. Layout and dimensions of single accessible parking stalls.

Figure 10. Placement of gratings.

Figure 31. Adjacent accessible parking stalls. • Adapted from the Barrier-Free Design Guide.

Figure 11. Clearance between overhanging objects and the ground.

Figure 32. Proper signage for accessible parking stall.

Figure 12. Proper placement of obstructions.

Figure 33. Clearance requirement for parkades where oversized vehicles are present.

Figure 13. Proper placement of curb ramps. Figure 14. Plan view of City standard curb ramp. • The City of Calgary Roads, Standard Specifications Road Construction 2009. Figure 15. Section and elevation of curb ramp. • The City of Calgary Roads, Standard Specifications Road Construction 2009.

D. Location of controls, dispensers and receptacles Figure 34. Proper height for controls. Figure 35. Proper and improper faucet varieties.

Figure 16. Proper layout of intersections. Figure 17. Wind buffers.

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F. Building entrances, doors anddoorways

L. Public Washrooms

Figure 36. Vestibule Design.

Figure 58. Proper design of a washroom entrance.

Figure 37. Automatic doors, signage, and protection from the elements.

Figure 59: Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

Figure 38. Large, bold, and raised lettering labels. Figure 39. Recessed door. Figure 40. Proper location of automatic door openers. Figure 41. Proper spacing between a door and hardware. Figure 42. Kick plate and closer requirements.

Figure 60. Proper location of fixtures. Figure 61. Properly placed grab bars. Figure 62. Proper knee clearance beneath sink. Figure 63. Proper dimensions of a water closet stall.

M. Recreational and Cultural Centers

Figure 43. Door closer requirements, and requirements for doors at the top of a ramp.

Figure 64. Proper ramps are the best entrance into swimming pools.

G. Ramps

Figure 65. Where ramps are not feasible, stairs are preferred to ladders.

Figure 44. Proper ramp design.

Figure 66. Power hoist into swimming pool.

Figure 45. Ramp design.

Figure 67. Proper dimensions and materials for an ice rink.

H. Stairs Figure 46. Stairs are occasionally preferred to ramps by people with disabilities. Figure 47. Cane detectable warning indicators for stairs. Figure 48. Proper dimensions for stairs. Figure 49. Avoid overhanging stairs.

J. Handrails and Guards

Figure 68. Raised exercise platform. Figure 69. Proper placement of displays. Figure 70. Drinking fountain suitable for people with disabilities. Figure 71. Universally designed drinking fountain for people who are standing, and people who are in wheelchairs. Figure 72. Water temperature control.

Figure 50. Proper handrails used for guidance.

Figure 73. Proper shower dimensions.

Figure 51. Proper and improper handrail shape and dimensions.

Figure 74. Proper dimensions for change rooms and showers.

K. Elevators

N. Public facilities

Figure 52. Well designed elevator.

Figure 75. Dimension requirements for counters.

Figure 53. An elevator car with dimensions allowing the turning around of a wheelchair.

Figure 76. Cafeteria counter.

Figure 54. Proper elevator car dimensions. Figure 55. Proper signage. Figure 56. Proper design of elevator lobbies. Figure 57. Proper placement of controls.

Access Design Standards – The City of Calgary

Figure 77. Proper dimensions for cafeteria counters. Figure 78. Accessible seating shall be distributed throughout the seating area. Figure 79. Standard seats can be made removable to accommodate accessible seating.

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Figure 80. Required dimensions for permanent barriers.

S. Communication

P. Parks, pathways, and playgrounds

Figure 90. Proper dimensions for a payphone.

Figure 81. Proper rest areas along pathways.

Figure 91. Design of a telephone booth to accommodate TDD/TTY.

Figure 82. Protection from the elements. Figure 83. Proper pathways. Figure 84. Proper dimensions and placement of maze gates. Figure 85. Flat area and proper height for a rest area bench. Figure 86. Requirements for an accessible picnic table.

Q. Patios Figure 87. Proper layout and dimensions of an accessible patio.

R. Emergency egresses, alarms and warning surfaces Figure 88. Detectable warning strips on stairs.

Figure 92. Proper signage. Figure 93. Proper lettering design. Figure 94. Directional signage. Figure 95. Directional map.

T. Plus-15 system Figure 96. Plus-15 symbol. Figure 97. Cross section of Plus-15 bridge.

U. Public Transit Figure 98. Accessible LRT platform.

V. Pedestrian crossings and traffic signals Figure 99. Proper crosswalk.

Figure 89. Area of refuge.

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Endnotes 1 An “age-friendly city” adapts its structures and services to be accessible to and inclusive of older people with varying needs and capacities (World Health Organization, 2007). 2 Iantkow, Mark. (2003) Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities. 3 Butler, Clay. (2001) Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ sidewalk2. Figures: 8-9 4 Butler, Clay. (2001) Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ sidewalk2. Figures: 8-12. 5 Butler, Clay. (2001) Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access. Federal Highway Administration. fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ sidewalk2. Figures: 8-22. 6 The City of Calgary Roads, Standard Specifications Road Construction 2009. 7 The City of Calgary Roads, Standard Specifications Road Construction 2009. 8 Iantkow, Mark. (2003) Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective

13 Iantkow, Mark. (2003). Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities. 14 Sledge Hockey Accessibility: Design Standards for arenas 15 Canadian Hard of Hearing Association Universal Design BarrierFree Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss. Pages 7 and 8. 16 Iantkow, Mark. (2003). Five Basic Principles for Safe and Effective Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities. 17 Canadian Hard of Hearing Association Universal Design BarrierFree Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss. 18 CHHA – Manitoba. 19 (1996). Holmes-Siedle, James. Barrier-Free Design; A Manual for Building Designers and Managers. Architectural Press. Page 92. 20 (2007) Disability World. World Institute on Disabilities. disabilityworld.org/0910_03/access/map.shtml. 21 (2007) Disability World. World Institute on Disabilities. disabilityworld.org. 22 The Canadian National Institute for the Blind. “Clearing Our Path.” Page 48.

Environmental Design for People with Visual Disabilities. 9 Adapted from the Barrier-Free Design Guide. 10 Adapted from the Barrier-Free Design Guide. 11 Laszlo’s principles of Design for Hard of Hearing Access, Canadian Hard of Hearing Association. “Universal Design Barrier-Free Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss, page 3. 12 Canadian Hard of Hearing Association Universal Design BarrierFree Access Standards for Persons with Hearing Loss. Pages 7 and 8.

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