Ac adem y o f S c i e n c e s o f t h e C ze ch Re p u b lic

Institute of Physics of Material s

b i e nni a l r e p o r t

2012–2013 b r no 2015

Institute of Physics of Materials Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

bienni a l r eport

2012–2013

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

CONTENTS 5 preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. BASIC FACTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STRUCTURE OF THE INSTITUTE (31. 12. 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BOARDS OF THE INSTITUTE (31. 12. 2013) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUPERVISORY BOARD CONTACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE RESEARCH BUDGET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brno 2015 biennial report 2012–2013 A periodical continuation of the Institutes previous bulletins:

Published by the Institute of Physics of Materials of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i. English correction by Eliška Maděrová Layout and pre-press by Irena Bartošová © Institute of Physics of Materials of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i.

11 13 14 15 16 17

2. SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS AND RESEARCH GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Structure of the Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Creep of Metallic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Ongoing projects  Finished projects .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Advanced High-Temperature Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Ongoing projects  Finished projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 High Cycle Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Ongoing projects  Finished projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Low Cycle Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Ongoing projects  Finished projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Brittle Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Ongoing projects  Finished projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURE GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Structure of Phases and Thermodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Ongoing projects  Finished projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Electrical and Magnetic Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Ongoing projects  Finished projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 DEPARTMENT OF CEITEC IPM GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Ongoing projects  Finished projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Transport and Magnetic Properties (CEITEC IPM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Advanced Metallic Materials and Metal Based Composites (CEITEC IPM) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 3. PUBLICATION OUTPUTS .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 List of PUBLICATIONS 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Articles in academic journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Chapters in Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 List of PUBLICATIONS 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Articles in academic journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

4. COOPERATION WITH UNIVERSITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooperation in the field of education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in the Operational Programme “Education for Competitiveness”.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CEITEC- Central European Institute of Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postgraduate study programmes and education of young researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Defended Ph.D. theses, supervised in cooperation with IPM employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115 117 119 120 121 122 124

5. OTHER ACTIVITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SIGNIFICANT FOREIGN COOPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COOPERATION WITH INDUSTRY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ORGANIZATION OF CONFERENCES AND SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCIENCE POPULARIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EXPERTIZE AND consulting .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127 129 130 135 136 136



REMEMBRANCE OF EMINENT COLLEAGUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

introduction 7

PREFACE This biennial report summarizes the basic facts about the Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, the scientific activities and achievements over the last two years, namely 2012-13. The last periodic evaluation of the research activity of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic was completed in 2011. The evaluation of results of the Institute of Physics of Materials and the fulfilment of the Institutional Research Plan were very positive and the Institute was ranked in the top 20% of evaluated institutes within the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The current research follows the “Programme of research and expert infrastructural activity laid out for years 2012-17”. The 2013 continuous compound evaluation of the first two year period by the Academic Council of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic concluded that the research fulfils the proposed aims and that the Institute made promising progress toward the successful fulfilment of the Programme. The main long term mission of the Institute is the elucidation of the relations between material properties and material structure. This task has been duly justified by both industrial and social demands over recent years and there is no need to change it at present or in the foreseeable future. The physical properties investigated include tensile, creep, fatigue and brittle fracture characteristics of metallic materials and metal based composites. Another important issue is the investigation of the relation between structural and magnetic, transport and electric properties. Studies are aimed at the electric and magne

tic properties of disordered alloys, epitaxial multilayers, surfaces and interfaces as well as quantum-mechanical investigations of extended defects in metallic materials. The investigation relies both on highly advanced experimental and theoretical approaches. The mission is to contribute to the understanding of the relation between the microstructure of materials in bulk, as well as at surface-level or interfaces and material behaviour and properties. The main challenge is to optimize both the microstructure and material properties and to contribute to the design of new advanced materials. Particularly, the investigation is performed on high temperature materials like advanced superalloys, intermetallics, advanced steels mainly for the power generation industry, ODS steels, magnesium alloys and shape memory alloys. Attention is further devoted to the investigation of lead -free solder materials, magnetic semiconductors and half-metallic magnets, magnetic multilayers and transition-metal silicides. Recently, the investigation field has widened towards ceramics/glass matrix composites and polymer base composites. The result of the investigation of biocompatible composite coating based on polyvinylalcohol and cellulose microfibrilles with potential applications in medicine was presented by the XLIV. Academic Council as one of the two most interesting results reached by the institutes of the Research Area I in the year 2013. This result was reached with the international cooperation of the Brittle fracture research group. The main output of the research conducted during the period covered by this biennial is the new insight into the relation of

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

8

microstructure of materials and their properties, which was disseminated among the world research community through publications in scientific journals and presentations at international conferences. There was a permanent tendency to keep a reasonable balance between the research which would extend the fundamental knowledge of materials and the economically beneficial research in the development of new, low-cost and more effective materials that help solve the materials problems of industrial partners. The research strategy of the Institute reflects the main strategy of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. With the aim of utilizing the potential in newly established research centres and the highly advanced experimental systems in other laboratories, the Institute formulated, in the close cooperation with 8 other partners, the research program “Metal, Ceramic and Composite Base Materials” in the research sphere of “New Materials and Technology”. The Institute traditionally pays attention to the education of young researchers. There is a close and effective cooperation with the Brno University of Technology and Masaryk University in Ph.D. programs. With an effort to maintain a high average quality of university education, the Ph.D. tutors strove to accept only the most outstanding students for the research work in the Institute; this resulted in a slightly lower number of Ph.D. students during last two years. On the other hand, the Institute was very successful in employing postdoctorands, both native and foreign. The scientists of the Institute were active in long-lasting cooperation with universities from other regions of the Czech Republic, e.g., Charles University in Prague, Palacký University Olomouc and Technical University in Ostrava. The same holds for the joint actions on the international level; there was much partnership with universities and research centres in Europe, the USA and Japan. The participation of the Institute in CEI-

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

TEC - Central European Institute of Technology together with Masaryk University, Brno University of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno and Veterinary Research Institute opened new opportunities for cooperation in the important interdisciplinary field of material sciences and life sciences. It has also opened new and exciting industrial cooperation in novel fields, particularly valuable for the institute’s further development. The CEITEC project acquired new scientific equipment in the overall amount of CZK 80 mil.. All tenders for equipment purchase were successful. The transmission electron microscope, biaxial fatigue testing machine, the system for determination of electric, magnetic and transport properties of materials in temperature range 2-300 K and two high temperature creep machines substantially extended the experimental abilities of the Institute laboratories. Moreover, participation in CEITEC enables researchers of the Institute to utilize the core facilities at other institutions. The number of employees and the ratio of scientists, Ph.D. students, technicians and supporting staff during the last two years were nearly constant. The development of salaries was positive. This was primarily due to the fact that the researchers were very successful in obtaining various types of grants. The research field of the Institute focused on and applied for the most prestigious scientific projects and grants of the European Research Council.

prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c.

9

basic facts

1. BASIC FACTS

basic facts

Structure of the Institute (December 31st, 2013) 13

Supervisory Board

DEP. OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Karel Obrtlík

Board of the Institution

Director Ludvík Kunz

DEP. OF STRUcTURE OF MATERIALS Oldřich Schneeweiss

DEP. CEITEC IPM Luboš Náhlík

ECONOMIC. OPERATIONAL DEP. Barbora Sobańská

creep OF METALLIC MATERIALS Petr Dymáček

STRUCTURE OF PHASES AND THERMODYNAMICS Aleš Kroupa

TRANSPORT AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES Bohumil David

information technology Luděk Novotný

ADVANCED HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS Václav Sklenička

ELETRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIeS Oldřich Schneeweiss

ADVANCED METALLIC MATERIALS AND COMPOSITE Jan Klusák

TECHNICAL OPERATIONAL Lukáš Malý

HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE Pavel Hutař

Accounting Magdaléna Svobodová

LOW CYCLE FATIGUE Jiří Man

WORKSHOP Viktor Lakomý

BRITTLE FRACTURE Ivo Dlouhý

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

MA N AG E M E N T

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Institute of Physics of Materials Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Žižkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic web: http://www.ipm.cz

basic facts

B o a r d o f the i nst i tute Director‘s secretariat: Tel.: +420 541 212 286 Fax: +420 541 212 301 Email: [email protected]

  Chairman: Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 434 +420 532 290 311 +420 532 290 312 Email: [email protected]

Contacts   Director: prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. Tel.: +420 541 212 286 Email: [email protected] Secretary: Alexandra Orságová Tel.: +420 541 212 286 fax: +420 541 212 301 Email: [email protected]   Deputy Director: RNDr. Milan Svoboda, CSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 474 Email: [email protected] Secretary: Věra Dušková Tel.: +420 532 290 417 Email: [email protected]   Department of Mechanical Properties: doc. RNDr. Karel Obrtlík, CSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 341 Email: [email protected] Secretary: Bc. Dana Matějová Tel.: +420 532 290 416 Tel.: +420 549 246 327 Email: [email protected]   Department of Structure: Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 434 Email: [email protected] Secretary: Věra Dušková Tel.: +420 532 290 417 Email: [email protected]

  Department of CEITEC IPM: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Tel.: +420 532 290 358 Email: [email protected] Assistant: Pavla Kučerová Tel.: +420 532 290 377 Email: [email protected] Financial manager: Ing. Ondřej Bureš Tel.: +420 532 290 370 Email: [email protected] Project Manager: Ing. Michal Zouhar Tel.: +420 532 290 494 Email: [email protected] Project Manager: Ing. Jana Ševčíková Tel.: +420 532 290 494 Email: [email protected]   Economic-operational Department: Ing. Barbora Sobańská Tel.: +420 532 290 497 Email: [email protected] Project Manager, Assistant: Ing. Hana Maděrová Tel.: +420 532 290 300 Email: [email protected] Secretary: Petra Němečková Tel.: +420 532 290 496 Email: [email protected]

  Porter‘s lodge: Tel.: +420 532 290 110, +420 532 290 316

  Deputy chairman: prof. Mgr. Tomáš Kruml, CSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 379 Email: [email protected]

prof. RNDr. Mojmír Šob, DrSc. Masaryk University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Department of Condensed Matter Physics Tel.: +420 532 290 455 +420 549 497 450 Email [email protected]

  Internal members: prof. RNDr. Antonín Dlouhý, CSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 412 Email: [email protected]

prof. Ing. Jiří Švejcar, CSc. University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel.: +420 541 143 102 Email: [email protected]

prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 415 Tel.: +420 541 636 415 Email: [email protected]

  Secretary: doc. Ing. Jan Klusák, Ph.D. Tel.: +420 532 290 348 Email: [email protected]

RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 407 Email: [email protected] doc. RNDr. Ilja Turek, DrSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 437 Email: [email protected]   External members: prof. RNDr. Michal Kotoul, DrSc. University of Technology Brno Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Solid Mechanics Department of Kinematics and Dynamics Tel.: +420 54114 2889 +420 54114 5206 Email: [email protected]

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

THE RESEARCH BUDGET

Supervisory Boar d CONTAC TS

16

  Chairman: Ing. Vladimír Nekvasil, DrSc. Fyzikální ústav AV ČR, v. v. i. Na Slovance 1999/2 182 21 Praha 8 Tel.: +420 221 403 267 Email: [email protected]   Deputy chairman: doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. Institute of Physics of Materials AS CR, v. v. I. Žižkova 22 616 62 Brno Tel.: +420 532 290 351 Email: [email protected]   Members: prof. Ing. Karel Hrbáček, DrSc. 1. Brněnská strojírna, a.s. Velka Bites Vlkovská 279 59512 Velká Bíteš Tel.: +420 566 822 479 Email: [email protected] prof. RNDr. Eduard Schmidt, CSc. Masaryk University Faculty of Science Department of Condensed Matter Physics Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Tel.: +420 549 496 970 Email: [email protected] prof. RNDr. Ing. Jan Vrbka, DrSc., dr. h. c. University of Technology Brno Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics Technická 2896/2 616 69 Brno Tel.: +420 541 142 859 Email: [email protected]

basic facts

 Secretary: Ing. Roman Gröger, Ph.D. Tel.: +420 532 290 448 Email: [email protected]

ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICs OF MATERIALS IN THE YEARS 2012 AND 2013

2012 The budget of the Institute comes from different sources. The institutional support for the long-term conceptual development plan from Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic was CZK 56.3 mil.. Beyond this the Institute obtained from AS CR a sum of CZK 4.6 mil. for regular investments, i.e. procurement of experimental facilities and investments for estate service. Moreover, the Institute obtained special support in the amount of CZK 6 mil. for the procurement of a new scanning electron microscope. The researchers of the Institute conducted a total of 48 projects – 27 projects were funded by the Czech Science Foundation, 4 internal projects by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2 projects by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, 3 from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, 12 projects were supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, including the Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC. 3 projects were supported by the EU. The total financial support for the 48 grants was CZK 46.9 mil.. The largest sum, CZK 26.6 mil., was granted by three grant agencies, namely by the Czech Science Foundation (CZK 23.2 mil.), the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (CZK 2.3 mil.) and by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (CZK 1.1 mil.). The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic supported projects with CZK 10.7 mil. and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic with CZK 4.9 mil. EU projects are represented in the budget by the amount of CZK 4.7 mil.. Contract research brought CZK 9 mil..

17

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Structure of Financing

basic facts

The Staffing of the Institution in 2012: The institute had 165 employees, of which 54 were scientists, 20 postgraduate students, 9 students, 28 technical staff in research and development, and 54 other technical staff (the figures given are to the number of full-time employees).

18

19

33 %

8%

33 %

23 %

14 %

12 %

4%

5%

51 %

17 %

  Special Means  grant agencies (the Czech Science Foundation, the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic) and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 23 %  ministries (the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic) 14 %  EU grants 4 %   Institutional Means

 grant means from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and IPM funds 51 %  contractual research 8 %

 scientists 54  postgraduate students 20  students 9  technical staff in research and development 28  other technical staff 54

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2013

20

basic facts

Structure of Financing

The budget of the Institute comes from different sources. The institutional support for the long term conceptual development plan from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic was CZK 55.7 mil.. In addition, the Institute obtained from AS CR a sum of CZK 3.5 mil. for regular investments, i.e. procurement of experimental facilities and investments for estate service. Moreover, the Institute obtained special support in the amount of CZK 10.7 mil. for an expensive instrument.

21

The researchers of the Institute conducted a total of 40 projects – 19 projects were funded by the Czech Science Foundation, 3 internal projects by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2 projects by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, 3 by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic. 9 projects were supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, including the Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC. 4 projects were supported by the EU. The total financial support for the 40 grants was CZK 60.1 mil.. The largest sum, CZK 27 mil., was granted by three grant agencies, namely the Czech Science Foundation with CZK 22.8 mil., the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic with CZK 3.1 mil., and by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic with CZK 1.1 mil.. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic supported projects with a total of CZK 19.8 mil. and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic supported projects with a total of CZK 4.9 mil.. EU projects are represented in the budget with a total amount of CZK 8.4 mil..

8% 21 %

19 %

Contract research brought CZK 9.9 mil..

6% 46 %

   Special Means

 grant agencies (the Czech Science Foundation, the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic ) 21 %  ministries (the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic) 19 %  EU grants 6 %

    Institutional Means

 grant means from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and IPM funds 46 %  contractual research 8 %

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

The Staffing of the Institution in 2013: The institute had 172 employees, of whom 60 were scientists, 17 postgraduate students, 15 students, 27 technical staff in research and development, and 53 other technical staff (the figures given are to the number of full-time employees). The increase in the number of employees over 2012 is caused by an increase in administrative work on ECOP projects.

basic facts

Number of Projects in the Years 2012 and 2013

 2012  2013

30 25

23

20 15 10

10 %

EU projects

OTHERS (the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic)

FOREIGN GRANTS (EU)

35 %

GRANT AGENCY AS (GA AS CR)

31 %

TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (TA CR)

0

GRANT AGENCY (GA CR)

5

Income from Projects in the Years 2012 and 2013 mil. CZK

9%

30

15 %

25

29,4

27,1 27,0

 2012  2013

20

15,3

15 10

8,1

 scientists 60  postgraduate students 17  students 15  technical staff in research and development 27  other technical staff 53

FOREIGN GRANTS (EU) OTHERS (the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic)

0

EU projects

4,7

5 GRANT AGENCY (GA CR) TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (TA CR) GRANT AGENCY AS (GA AS CR)

22

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

basic facts

Institutional Means in the Years 2012 and 2013

25

50 40 30 20

9,1

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE CR

0

9,9

CONTRACTUAL RESEARCH

10

Number of Employees in the Years 2012 and 2013 50

43,25 42,23

42,41

43,82

40

30,58 30,48

30 20 10

2,1

5,51

7,9 9,36

other technical staff

technical staff in research and development

students

postgraduate students

0 scientists

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 2012  2013

mil. CZK 60 56,2 55,7

 2012  2013

Research Groups

2. SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS RESEARCH GROUPS

Research Groups

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Head: doc. RNDr. Karel Obrtlík, CSc. GROUPS: Creep of Metallic Materials Head: Ing. Petr Dymáček, Ph.D. Advanced High-Temperature Materials Head: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. High Cycle Fatigue Head: doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. Low Cycle Fatigue Head: Ing. Jiří Man, Ph.D. Brittle Fracture Head: prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc.

Department of Structure Head: Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc. GROUPS: Structure of Phases and Thermodynamics Head: RNDr. Aleš Kroupa, CSc. Electrical and Magnetic Properties Head: Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc.

Department of CEITEC IPM Head: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. GROUPS: Transport and Magnetic Properties (CEITEC IPM) Head: Ing. Bohumil David, Ph.D. Advanced Metallic Materials and Metal Based Composites (CEITEC IPM) Head: doc. Ing. Jan Klusák, Ph.D.

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Research Groups

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

30

Head: doc. RNDr. Karel Obrtlík, CSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 341 Email: [email protected] Secretary: Bc. Dana Matějová Tel.: +420 532 290 416 Email: [email protected]

m e m be r s Head Name Room Phone number Ing. Petr Dymáček, Ph.D. 204 +420 532 290 411

Email [email protected]

31 SCIENTIFIC STAFF Name Room Phone number Ing. Ferdinand Dobeš, DrSc. 202 +420 532 290 408 RNDr. Luboš Kloc, CSc. 310 +420 532 290 441 RNDr. Alena Orlová, DrSc. 206 +420 532 290 413

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TECHNICIANS Name Room Phone number Ing. Jaroslav Martinák 220 +420 532 290 406 Ing. Bohuslav Vávra 252 +420 532 290 405

Email [email protected] [email protected]

GROUPS:

 C r ee p

o f m eta l l i c m ate r i a l s

Head: Ing. Petr Dymáček, Ph.D. Introduction

The work of the group is aimed at explaining the basic mechanisms of high temperature creep in metallic materials, relations between creep behaviour and microstructure and at transferring the obtained results into technical applications. Theoretical investigations consist of modelling the microstructure processes. Experiments include conventional and nonconventional creep tests and investigations of structure. The development of new testing facilities and procedures has resulted in unique experimental possibilities for creep laboratories of the Institute. Following topics are investigated:  constitutive description of creep behaviour  constant structure creep  creep in iron aluminides  creep in aluminium or magnesium alloys and composites  application of a two phase model of the structure in creep  mechanisms of creep in metallic materials at very low creep rates  small punch test method assessment for the determination of the residual creep life of service exposed components (including welds)  possibilities of small punch testing in investigations of mechanical behaviour of metallic materials

Ph.D. STUDENTS Name Room Phone number Ing. Jiří Hůlka DIPLOMA STUDENTS Name Room Phone number Bc. Marek Ječmínka Bc. Jiří Langer

Email

Email

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Research Groups

ONGOING PROJECTS • FINISHED PROJECTS

Facilities EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES:

Optimizing the High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Iron Aluminides of Fe3Al Type with Carbide Forming Elements

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Investigator: Ing. Ferdinand Dobeš, DrSc. Number of Project: P108/12/1452 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2015

The alloys based on intermetallic compounds of iron and aluminium, owing to their excellent resistance to oxidation and sulfidation, are attractive for many high temperature applications. Therefore, their creep resistance, which is unfortunately relatively low, is very important. Improvements in this area can be obtained through precipitation of second phase particles in basic Fe3Al matrix after the addition of elements with a limited solubility. Within the project, the additions of carbide-forming elements will be studied together with the additions of carbon. Strengthening can then be achieved either by intermetallic phases, by the respective carbides or by their combination.

Creep Laboratories 33 creep machines of own construction allowing (alternatively): a) constant tensile load tests  max. load 8000 N  max. strain 0.60 (0.47 true) (at 50 mm gauge length) b) constant tensile stress tests (Hostinský and Čadek, J. Test. Eval. 4, 1976, p. 26)  specimen gauge lengths 25, 35 and 50 mm  max. initial load 8000 N  max. strain 0.42 (0.35 true) c) constant compressive stress tests (only 5 machines) (Dobeš et al., J. Test. Eval. 14, 1986, p. 271)  specimen gauge lengths 7.5, 12, 15 mm  max. load 8000 N  max. strain 0.32 (0.28 true) d) constant tensile stress (or load) with a possibility of rapid cooling under stress at a predetermined time of creep exposure - see a) or b) - three machines e) small punch tests – SPT (three machines identical with sub d) ceramic ball penetrated through a thin disk under:  (i) a given force, central deflection of the disc is measured – analogy with creep tests  (ii) constant rate of deflection, acting force is measured – analogy with stress–strain tests In all tests - possibility of protective atmosphere: purified dry argon, hydrogen, nitrogen Testing temperatures: R.T., 70 - 1050 °C, constant within:  1 K for 70 - 600 °C  2 K for 600 - 1050 °C Temperature gradient along the whole 50 mm gauge length - lower than 2 K Elongation detection:  continuous analog and digital recording  range of creep rates: 10-10 to 10-2 s-1  registration of data - PROGRAM CRTES1 (developed in IPM) Creep curves processing:  fitting by standard constitutive equations; statistical assessment of long-term properties Possibility of recording of creep tests with varying applied stress:  computer treated creep dip tests, tests with slow applied stress cycling Possibility to perform stress–strain tests (in tension as well as in compression) at constant crosshead velocity at all temperatures and in protective atmospheres (on three creep machines)

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Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Laboratory of Viscous Creep The laboratory is equipped with two special creep machines for low stress/low strain rate creep tests using helicoid spring specimen technique and one special creep machine for low stress / low strain rates torsion tests of brittle materials (ceramics, intermetallics). Optical measurement of strain eliminates any influence on the stress state and provides high strain sensitivity. Helicoid spring machines  temp. range: 150 °C to 1000 °C  stress range: 0.2MPa to approx. 100MPa  strain sensitivity: better than 10-6  strain rate range: 10-9 to 10-13 s-1  protective atmosphere: purified argon or hydrogen, air Two methods have been developed to produce the helicoid spring specimens from metallic materials 1. Wire drawing, wounding on the threaded bolt and annealing. The method is suitable for pure metals and mild model alloys. 2. Machining from tube. The method is suitable for structural materials. The microstructure of the original tube is maintained Torsion machine  temperature range: 300 °C to 1200 °C  stress range: 2 MPa to approx. 100 MPa  strain sensitivity: better than 10-6  strain rate range: 10-9 to 10-1 3 s-1  atmosphere: air

Research Groups

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Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

 A D VA N C E D

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Research Groups

H IG H - T E MP E RAT U R E MAT E RIAL S

members

Head: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. Introduction

36

Experimental and theoretical investigations are carried out in an attempt to improve understanding of the relation between the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of advanced materials for extending the service temperatures in creep related applications. Current research is concentrated on the microstructural evolution and on understanding the underlying creep deformation and fracture processes to facilitate further development of improved materials. Special attention is given to the methods of creep life prediction of exploited materials. Following topics have been studied in the last five years:  creep strength of advanced martensitic 9-12% Cr steels  microstructure, properties and application of gamma – TiAl intermetallics  creep properties of zirconium alloys for cladding tubes  high-temperature properties of nickel-based superalloys  design and creep behaviour of metal matrix composites (MMCs)  creep behaviour of ultrafine-grained metals and alloys processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)  modelling of microstructural processes and high-temperature properties in advanced materials  creep damage assessment and lifetime prediction methods

HEAD Name Room Phone number prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. 418 +420 532 290 454

Email [email protected]

37 SCIENTIFIC STAFF Name Room Phone number prof. RNDr. Antonín Dlouhý, CSc. 205 +420 532 290 412 Ing. Jiří Dvořák, Ph.D. 251 +420 532 290 397 Ing. Petr Král, Ph.D. 113 +420 532 290 368 Ing. Květa Kuchařová 206 +420 532 290 413 Mgr. Marie Kvapilová, Ph.D. 221a +420 532 290 374 RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. 201 +420 532 290 407 Mgr. Tomáš Záležák, Ph.D. 258 +420 532 290 372

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TECHNICIANS Name Room Phone number Ing. Jitka Ryznerová 258a +420 532 290 396 Ing. Miroslav Vitula 253 +420 532 290 404 Ing. Barbora Zámorská 417 +420 532 290 453

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Ph.D. STUDENTS Name Room Phone number Mgr. Marie Dudová 221a +420 532 290 374 Ing. Monika Kuběnová 221 +420 532 290 373

Email [email protected] [email protected]

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

ONGOING projects • Finished projects Influence of Initial Crystallographic Orientation on Creep Behaviour of SPD Materials

38

Investigator: Ing. Petr Král, Ph.D. Number of Project: P108/10/P469 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials processed by ECAP (equal-channel angular pressing) represent a new group of prospective materials. Despite extensive research into these materials, the evolution of microstructure and its influence on creep behaviour is still unclear. The creep properties of these materials are rarely studied and the creep mechanism(s) are thus far not fully explained. The goal of this project was to gain new knowledge about the influence between the formation of ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure and creep behaviour and about the creep mechanism(s) in materials processed by severe plastic deformation. The experiments were conducted on single crystals with different orientations and on extremely coarse-grained polycrystals of some metals. A better understanding of the evolution of UFG microstructure and creep behaviour can be useful in the broader application of these materials and can contribute to the more effective design of coarse-grained materials for ECAP deformation. The Role of Stress State and Vacancy Supersaturation in the Formation of Binary Hollow Nanoparticles Investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: P108-10-1781 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

The formation of hollow nanospheres by means of a gas-solid reaction of metallic nanospheres with an external gas atmosphere is a well known problem. It is evident from experimental studies that the formation of a hollow nanosphere of stoichiometric phase MpXq must be preceded by the formation of a sufficiently thick MpXq nanoshell on the metallic core of phase M. The developed theoretical models assume that a significant supersaturation of vacancies and/or a very high hydrostatic stress is built up in the M core due to the Kirkendall effect, which leads to the nucleation of a hollow by vacancy condensation. The developed models indicate that the building of the very high hydrostatic stress in the M core is critical for the hollow nucleation.

Research Groups

Modelling of Diffusional Phase Transformations in Multi-Component Systems with Multiple Stoichiometric Phases Investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: P204-10-1784 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

Ternary systems play an important role in several fields of technology. Several intermetallic layers may occur in the region of the original interface of a couple with different compositions of one ternary system. Interdiffusion is the responsible mechanism and it is well known motion of grain bondary layers, i. e. „Kirkendall effect“. The mechanism of splitting the so-called „Kirkendall-plane“has been strongly supported by extensive research. Onsager’s principle of maximum dissipation has been used to derive the evolution equations for the set of positions of the interfaces between several stoichiometric phases and of Kirkendall-planes. This concept allows in-depth study into the polyfurcation of the Kirkendall plane. The model has also been extended from a binary system to a multi-component system. Research of Materials Changes Occurring in Advanced Steels Used for Construction and Reconstruction of Pipelines and in Power and Chemical Plants Co-investigator: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. Number of Project: TA02010260 Agency: Technology Agency of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2015

The research focuses on the processes occurring in the steam pipe-line systems fabricated from advanced creep-resistant steels taking into consideration the influence of processing procedures and depending on a localization in the wall thickness of steam pipes. The main aims of the project are to determine the material properties of steam pipes made of creep-resistant steels, and on applied processing technology, especially in terms of the effect of materials changes on the resulting lifetime. Knowledge of the processes responsible for changes in material properties of steam pipelines is crucial for the safe operation of the structural components throughout their designated lifetimes. Creep and Oxidation Properties of E110 Cladding Tube Under LOCA Temperature Transient Co-investigator: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. Number of Project: TA02011025 Agency: Technology Agency of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2015

The project will investigate the high-temperature properties and oxidation resistance of fuel claddings made from zirconium alloy. The main aim of the project is to implement the creep characteristics of E110 cladding tube in LOCA temperature range into the FEMAXI

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Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

software and to create the diffusion oxidation model. The creep tests will be carried out on E110 claddings used in NPP Temelin with a wall thickness of about 0.686 mm. If the E110 cladding tube with a wall thickness of 0.585 mm is available, creep tests will be performed on it as well. Special attention will be given to the revision of the proposed oxidation criteria.

40

Z-phase Strengthened Steels for Ultra-Supercritical Power Plants Co-investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: FP7-309916-2 Agency: European Commission, FP7 Duration: 01. 07. 2011 - 30. 06. 2014

Chromium steels strengthened by carbides and vanadium nitrides are used for the construction of boilers in coal power plants. Any increase in the operation temperature leads to the increase of efficiency of the power plant and thus to the increase of the protection of both the environment and the climate. The project pursues a new idea to replace the vanadium nitrides with finely dispersed Z-phase, which is more stable, and this enables the increase of the operation temperature of the boiler. Our team deals with the development of thermodynamic models for nucleation, growth and coarsening of precipitates, and for creep. Creep is also tested experimentally in welded and non-welded specimens of the developed material. Research of the Influence of Orbital Head Welding Technology of Thick-Walled Tubes/Pipes on Their Long-Term Lifetime in Conditions of Modern Power Plants Service Co-investigator: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. Number of Project: FR-TI4/406 Agency: Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2015

The aim of the project is the verification of the application of progressive welding methods using orbital heads to determine their influence on the long-term creep behaviour of thermally loaded thick-walled pipes made of P91 and/or P92 steels. Experimental investigations should verify (confirm or exclude) a possible significant effect of welding to narrow levels of thick-walled tubes/pipes on their final creep behaviour. Further, the possibility of improving long-term properties of tested weldments by new procedures of post-heat treatment of weld joints will be proved. NETME Working - Innovation and Technology Transfer in Mechanical Engineering Co-investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: CZ.1.07/2.4.00/31.0046 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 09. 02. 2012 - 31. 01. 2014

Research Groups

The project is focused on the strengthening of relations among the different types of educational institutions, research institutions and the private industrial sector through cooperation between the subjects. The aim is to increase mutual cooperation and transfer of information and knowledge between research, development, practice and teaching. Educational activities respond to the requirements of the employment market and lead to the promotion of innovative solutions. The development of reciprocal cooperation results in the preparation of proposals and collaboration on joint projects, the sharing of research and development capacities, consultation activities between research and development institutes, universities, high schools and industry, research fellowships at research institutes and cooperating companies, joint seminars, workshops, conferences, etc. These activities contribute to increased cooperation, enhancement in communication, and the transfer of information and knowledge between individual institutions. This creates conditions for the improvement of technical training of students and staff at high schools. Thermodynamic Modelling of Microstructure Evolution in Nanocomposites Investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: OC10029 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 05. 2012

In agreement with the aims of the project, a number of models for solute segregation and solute drag at interface and grain boundary have been developed. The use of the thermodynamic extreme principle allowed the description of solute segregation and solute drag by means of a small number of parameters, which opened the way for the application of the models on the complex system of a polycrystal. The simplest model has then been applied to simulations of grain growth. Using different data, experimentally observed effects have been obtained: a mild retardation of the grain growth by segregation, spontaneous occurrence of abnormal grain growth in the system and nearly total blocking of the grain growth. Microstructural Features, Mechanical Properties and Damage of Nanocrystalline Titanium Co-investigator: Ing. Jiří Dvořák, Ph.D. Number of Project: 8/12 AS CR - RAS Agency: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Russian Academy of Sciences Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2014

The main objective of the project is a detailed investigation of UFG titanium processed by different techniques based on an application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) in terms of microstructure stability, mechanical behaviour and damage processes at room and elevated temperatures. A detailed study of microstructure could lead to the description and identification of deformation and hardening mechanisms controlling creep behaviour in these materials. In experimental research unique and complementary experimental techniques of the participating workplaces (e.g. small-angle scattering of X-rays, high hydrostatic pressure - FTI RAN and creep testing machines, electron microscopy including EBSD - IPM AS

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

CR) will be used. The project is being conducted in collaboration with Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute (RAS), Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation (co-investigator: Dr. A.G. Kadomtsev, DrSc.).

42

Investigation of Creep and Fatigue Behaviour of Metallic Nanomaterials Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation Co-investigator: Mgr. Marie Kvapilová, Ph.D. Number of Project: 9/12 AS CR - RAS Agency: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Russian Academy of Sciences Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2014

The continuous development of new processing routes for metallic materials has given rise to a wide range of new materials with specific properties. Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HTP) have become important processing procedures for refining microstructure in metallic materials via severe plastic deformation (SPD). It cannot be excluded that creep and fatigue in nanostructured metallic materials are controlled by different deformation and damage mechanism(s) than that in the coarse-grained materials. Within this project, intensive experimental work is conducted to reveal the effect of SPD on the mechanical properties of selected nanostructure materials and their microstructural changes. The project is being conducted in collaboration with A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Metallography (RAS), Moscow, Russian Federation (co-investigator: prof. S. V. Dobatkin, DrSc.).

Research Groups

Facilities EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES: 31 creep machines constructed in-house which allow: a) constant tensile load tests  max. load 8000 N  max. elongation (50 mm gauge length of specimens) 0.60 (0.47 true) b) constant tensile stress tests (Hostinský and Čadek, J. Test. Eval. 4, 1976, p. 26)  max. initial load 8000 N  max. elongation 0.42 (0.35 true)  specimen gauge lengths 25, 35 and 50 mm c) constant compressive stress tests (Dobeš et al., J. Test. Eval. 14, 1986, p. 271)  max. load 8000 N  max. elongation 0.32 (0.28 true)  specimen gauge lengths 10, 12 and 15 mm In all tests - possibility of protective atmosphere: purified dry argon, hydrogen, nitrogen Testing temperatures: R.T., 150 - 1000 °C, constant within:  1 deg for 150 - 600 °C  2 deg for 650 - 1000 °C Temperature gradient along the whole 50 mm gauge length - lower than 2 deg Elongation detection:  continuous analog and digital recording  range of creep rates: 10-10 to 10-2 s-1  registration of data - PROGRAM CRTES1 8 commercial creep testing machines SATEC  constant tensile load tests  max. load 8000 N  max. testing temperature 1000 °C  specimen gauge lengths up to 50 mm Creep curves processing:  fitting by standard constitutive equations; statistical treatment Possibility of recording of creep tests with varying applied stress:  computer treated creep dip tests, tests with slow applied stress cycling

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Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Helicoid Spring Machines  temperature range: 150 °C to 1000 °C  stress range: 0.2 MPa to approx. 100 MPa  strain sensitivity: better than 10-6  strain rate range: 10-9 to 10-13 s-1  protective atmosphere: purified argon or hydrogen, air

44

Two methods have been developed to produce the helicoid spring specimens from metallic materials 1) (right) Wire drawing, wounding on the threaded bolt and annealing. This method is suitable for pure metals and mild model alloys. 2) (left) Machining from tube. This method is suitable for structural materials. The microstructure of the original tube is maintained. Torsion Machine  temperature range: 300 °C to 1200 °C  stress range: 2 MPa to approx. 100 MPa  strain sensitivity: better than 10-6  strain rate range: 10-9 to 10-13 s-1  atmosphere: air

Research Groups

 HIGH C YCLE FATIGUE Head: doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. Introduction

The research activities in the high-cycle fatigue group are focused on the study of the nature and quantitative description of fatigue processes in all fatigue stages. The main goal of the research is to contribute to a better understanding of cyclic plasticity at low amplitudes, crack initiation and threshold values of fatigue crack propagation and to the fracture-mechanical description of the fatigue crack behaviour. Theoretical and experimental studies are focused on the relation between microstructure, microstructure evolution during damage progress, and macroscopic fatigue and fatigue/creep properties. The numerical estimation of the fracture parameters and simulations of the fracture behaviour are an important part of the research as well. The formulation of crack stability criteria for non-homogenous materials, notches and layered structures is a vital issue studied in the group. Owing to this, the spectrum of studied materials is rapidly increasing. At present non-metallic materials such as polymers, polymer or ceramic based composites and advanced building materials are also dealt with. In close cooperation with some industrial companies, the lifetime of advanced components is predicted based on numerical simulations and advanced fatigue tests. The main research projects currently running:  fatigue and fatigue/creep behaviour of single crystalline and polycrystalline superalloys  fatigue properties of ultrafine-grained materials  effect of mean stress on the cyclic stress-strain response and fatigue life  effect of notches (including bi-material notches) and cracks on fatigue life and fatigue/ creep life  effect of a free surface on fatigue crack behaviour  physical consequences of the constraint  effect of the interface between two materials on a crack or notch behaviour  basic fatigue and fracture characteristics of advanced building materials  description of the crack behaviour in polymer materials  description of the crack behaviour in advanced composite materials

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

ONGOING projects • Finished projects

m e m be r s Head Name Room Phone number doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. 119 +420 532 290 351

46

Scientific Staff Name Room Phone number doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. 119 +420 532 290 351 doc. RNDr. Petr Lukáš, CSc., dr. h. c. prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Knésl, CSc. Ing. Stanislava Fintová, Ph.D. 102a +420 532 290 301 doc. Ing. Jan Klusák, Ph.D. 118 +420 532 290 348 prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. 423 +420 532 290 464 doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. 106 +420 532 290 358 Ing. Stanislav Seitl, Ph.D. 107 +420 532 290 361 Ing. Martin Ševčík, Ph.D. 108 +420 532 290 362 Ing. Miroslav Šmíd, Ph.D. 108 +420 532 290 362 Technicians Name Room Phone number Jana Hirschová 207 +420 532 290 414 Jiří Jaroš 102a +420 532 290 357 Michal Minařík 102a +420 532 290 301 Ph.D. Students Name Room Phone number Ing. Ondřej Krepl Ing. Táňa Holušová 107 +420 532 290 361 Ing. Bohuslav Máša 114 +420 532 290 347 Ing. Pavel Pokorný 114 +420 532 290 347 Ing. Kateřina Štegnerová 114 +420 532 290 347 Ing. Michal Zouhar 503 +420 532 290 494 Diploma Students Name Room Phone number Hanna Berriche Bc. Jakub Mikula Sánchez Bermejo Carlos 107 +420 532 290 361 Bc. Jakub Jíša Bc. Jan Poduška 114 +420 532 290 347

Research Groups

Email [email protected]

Email [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Email

[email protected]

Description of Slow Crack Growth in Polymer Materials under Complex Loading Conditions Investigator: doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. Number of Project: P108/12/1560 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2014

Due to the increase in the long term application of the polymer materials process, slow stable crack growth has become an important scientific topic. Therefore the general goal of the project lies in the accurate description of slow crack propagation in the case of polymeric structure under complex loading conditions, taking into account residual stresses. Slow crack growth can be described by the corresponding fracture mechanics parameters and plays an important part in estimating life time. The correlation between experimental data and the numerical model is presented. The results enable one to estimate the effects of residual stresses, changes of material properties or material nonhomogenity on the residual lifetime of the polymeric structures. Crack Initiation and Propagation from Interface-Related Singular Stress Concentrators Investigator: doc. Ing. Jan Klusák, Ph.D. Number of Project: P108/10/2049 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

The objective of the project is the overall stability assessment of crack initiation and propagation from a bi-material notch. Three possible manners of failure can occur: (i) Fracture initiation and propagation into the volume of a material part under a general direction (ii) Debonding of the interface (iii) Crack initiation and propagation into one of the materials in the direction parallel with the interface. Since the first and the second manners have been studied by us or they are available in the literature, the initiation and propagation of a crack parallel to the interface is the main topic of the project. Generally, this failure mode occurs when parameters of fracture-mechanics resistance of an interface are higher than the parameters corresponding to a particular material part. Within the proposed project, generalization of linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics will be performed for mixed-mode crack initiation and propagation parallel to the interface. Finally, the overall stability criteria considering all the three potential failure manners will be addressed.

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Cyclic Plastic Deformation and Fatigue Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Materials Investigator: prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. Identification code: P108/10/2001 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2014

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Fatigue properties of ultrafine-grained materials exploitable in engineering practice are determined by the extent of damage caused by the cumulative cyclic plastic deformation in both their bulk and surface layers. The aim of the project is to elucidate the relevant mechanisms of plastic deformation in a number of different ultrafine-grained materials submitted to cyclic loading and thus to provide fundamental knowledge necessary for further material design and application. Response of Cement Based Composites to Fatigue Loading: Advanced Numerical Modelling and Testing Investigator: Ing. Stanislav Seitl, Ph.D. Number of Project: P104/11/0833 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2013

The project focuses on the improvement of computational techniques for assessment of the residual life of cement-based composites under long-term cyclic loading, particularly considering the following factors: material composition, fracture properties, frequency of loading, and varying load amplitude. Non-linear numerical models based on cumulative internal damage of the material and utilizing Wöhler (S–N) curves will be developed. Input data for 2D and 3D FE models will be obtained from tests on selected cement-based composites with static and fatigue loading (basic database for normal concrete as well as for two classes of high performance concrete will be created). FEM calculations will be used for investigation of limit values for initiation of fatigue damage and fatigue crack growth. The results will be applied in durability assessment of civil engineering structures subjected to cyclic loading such as transport structures and their components, high-rise buildings, etc.

Research Groups

(specimen free boundaries) will be developed and experimentally verified. These values can serve as relevant inputs for structural analyses using nonlinear fracture mechanics and as the real basis for the material failure classification. Determination of fracture parameters is based on the relation between the energy dissipated in the fracture process zone (FPZ) and its volume. The FPZ size and shape will be constructed using the following approaches: i) Multi-parameter linear elastic fracture mechanics, ii) Classical non-linear fracture models, iii) Plasticity/damage theory. Predicted failure intensity in the FPZ, its shape and the crack opening will be measured by using radiographic methods in the volume of solids and optical methods on their surface. Utilization of Thermographic Techniques and Advanced Probabilistic Methods for the Efficient Estimation of Wöhler Curve Parameters Investigator: Ing. Stanislav Seitl, Ph.D. Number of Project: M100411204 Agency: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 07. 2012 - 30. 06. 2015

The main objectives of the project are the improvement of the accuracy of numerical prediction for reliable fatigue life estimation and the complete description of composite and metallic materials behaviour. Partial aims are following:  The application of advanced statistical description for fatigue curves of silicon based composites.  To suggest a procedure using thermographic techniques, together with advanced probabilistic models, to describe metallic material fatigue behaviour to be used as a quick and economical tool for obtaining the fatigue limit.  Experimental results will be used as input data for numerical calculations of the fatigue predictions. Fracture Mechanics Description of Three Dimensional Structures: Numerical Analysis and Physical Consequences of Constraint

Energetic and Stress State Aspects of Quasi-Brittle Fracture – Consequences for Determination of Fracture-Mechanical Parameters of Silicate Composites

Investigator: Ing. Stanislav Seitl, Ph.D. Number of Project: M100410901 Agency: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 06. 2009 - 31. 05. 2012

Co-Investigator: Ing. Stanislav Seitl, Ph.D. Number of Project: P105/11/0466 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2013

The project aims to bring new knowledge concerning the mechanism and rate of the fatigue crack growth in 3D bodies including the influence of geometry with complicated material structure. New methods for computations of residual service life of bodies with fatigue cracks are expected to be developed for differently shaped three-dimensional bodies with cracks.

The project focuses on the fracture of quasi-brittle silica-based materials. It combines analytical and soft-computing methods, programming, numerical analysis (FEM, physical discretization) and a wide range of experimental techniques. Procedures determining pure material values of fracture parameters independent of the test geometry and specimen size

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Research Groups

Research and Development of Mechanical Properties of New Types of Nickel-Based Superalloy Castings Manufactured by Technology of Precision Casting

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Contractor: První brněnská strojírna Velká Bíteš, a. s. Principal Investigator: prof. Ing. Karel Hrbáček, DrSc. Co-investigator: prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. Identification code: FR-TI4/030 State funding provider: Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2014

The subject matter of the project is the research and development of a precise casting technology for new types of castings of rotor wheels for newly developed turbochargers. This research includes implementation of production of ceramic shell moulds with the use of aqueous binder in order to reduce the use of alcohol-based binder in the foundry. This is a very effective environmental measure. The research contribution of the IPM consists of the investigation into microstructure and related high temperature properties. Research and Development of Precise Casting Technology for New Types of Nickel-Based Superalloy Castings of Rotor Parts of Turbochargers and Aircraft Turbines Contractor: První brněnská strojírna Velká Bíteš, a. s. Principal Investigator: prof. Ing. Karel Hrbáček, DrSc. Co-investigator: prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. Identification code: FR-TI3/055 State funding provider: Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 04. 2011 - 31. 12. 2014

Research and development of precise casting technology for new types of castings of rotor wheels of turbochargers is the main aim of the project. The project also includes research and development in the field of casting of rotors and guide wheels of aircraft engine turbines and engines of auxiliary power units. The main research goal of the IPM team in the project is to investigate the role of defects and its influence on high temperature fatigue properties.

Facilities EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES:  servohydraulic system Zwick/Roell Amsler MC25, push-pull  resonant system Amsler 10 HFP 1478, 100 kN, push-pull  resonant system Amsler 2 HFP, 20 kN, push-pull, temperature up to 600 °C  resonant system Fractronic 7801, 100 kN, push-pull, temperature up to 800 °C  resonant system Cracktronic 8024, 70 N/m, bending  resonant system Schenck PVQ, 60 kN, push-pull  servohydraulic system Shimadzu Servopulser, 10 kN

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BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

 Low C yc l e Fat i g ue Head: Ing. Jiří Man, Ph.D. Introduction

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Premature failure of components and structures designed on the basis of monotonic and traditional high cycle life curves has focused the attention of design engineers and scientists on the study of low cycle fatigue of materials. Low cycle fatigue fractures are connected with the infrequent working cycles of equipment or instruments which often result from start-up and shut down operations or function interruptions. High temperature low cycle fatigue, thermal and thermomechanical fatigue and multiaxial elastoplastic fatigue are also important factors. The research of low cycle fatigue in IPM started in the 1960‘s under the leadership of now deceased prof. Mirko Klesnil when two electrohydraulic testing machines were designed and assembled in the IPM using the components produced by INOVA company. Later two elecrohydraulic computer controlled machines were purchased (see experimental facilities). The present activities of the group concentrate on the systematic study of the fatigue behaviour of structural and advanced materials subjected to cyclic elastoplastic loading, mostly under push-pull conditions. The main subjects pursued:  cyclic plastic straining the mechanisms, sources of the cyclic stress and relation to the internal structure. Analysis of the hysteresis loop using statistical theory in terms of the internal and effective stress, the relation of the macroscopic response to the internal dislocation structure  fatigue damage mechanisms - the mechanisms of cyclic slip localisation, fatigue crack nucleation  interaction of low cycle fatigue with creep at elevated temperatures, structural changes, and damage evolution in high temperature symmetric and asymmetric loading; nickel based superalloys  fatigue of composite materials - damage evolution, cracking and fatigue fracture of laminate composites (GLARE, ARALL)  effect of the coatings on the cyclic plasticity and fatigue life of advanced materials - effect of nitride and carbon layers and of the other coating procedures on the individual stages of fatigue process and on the fatigue life  effect of depressed and elevated temperatures on the early fatigue damage - study of the surface relief evolution using high resolution techniques (AFM, FESEM, EBSD, FIB) in austenitic, ferritic and austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steels  short crack growth kinetics in advanced steels - duplex, Eurofer, effect of mean stress  study of fatigue damage in TiAl intermetallics The most important results in the last five years:  quantitative description of short crack growth and its use for fatigue life prediction  experimental documentation of fatigue damage evolution in plastic strain amplitude controlled one-step and two-step loading

Research Groups

 separation of the cyclic stress into internal and effective components using loop shape analysis  measurement of the effective stress and the distribution of the internal critical stresses in stainless austenitic, ferritic and duplex steels  application of the atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) in the study of surface relief evolution and fatigue crack nucleation  quantitative data on the extrusion and intrusion formation in stainless steel at ambient, depressed and elevated temperatures  theoretical description of the temperature dependence of the extrusion growth in fatigued single and polycrystals

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ONGOING projects • Finished projects

members Head Name Room Phone number Ing. Jiří Man, Ph.D. 126 +420 532 290 363

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Email [email protected]

Scientific Staff Name Room Phone number Ing. Alice Chlupová, Ph.D. 116a +420 532 290 344 prof. Mgr. Tomáš Kruml, CSc. 112 +420 532 290 379 Ing. Ivo Kuběna, Ph.D. 116b +420 532 290 343 doc. RNDr. Karel Obrtlík, CSc. 208 +420 532 290 415 prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Polák, DrSc., dr. h. c. 111 +420 532 290 366 Ing. Martin Petrenec, Ph.D. 108a +420 532 290 338 Dr. Ing. Viktor Škorík, Ph.D. 116 +420 532 290 345

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Technicians Name Room Phone number Mgr. Roman Chrastil, DiS. 125 +420 532 290 341 Bc. Roman Petráš 116 +420 532 290 345 Ing. Jiří Tobiáš 105 +420 532 290 352 Ing. Jan Vysloužil, CSc. 102a +420 532 290 357

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Ph.D. Students Name Room Phone number Ing. Jiří Dluhoš Mgr. Milan Heczko 116b +420 532 290 343 Ing. Ivo Šulák 125 +420 532 290 341 Mgr. Michal Truhlář 116 +420 532 290 345

Research Groups

Role of Oxide Dispersion in Fatigue Behaviour of ODS Type Steels Investigator: prof. Mgr. Tomáš Kruml, CSc. Number of Project: 106/09/1954 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2009 - 31. 12. 2012

The main topic of this project is to investigate the role of fine oxide dispersion as a strengthening element during cyclic plastic deformation of ODS steels which are under development in a fusion program. It is known that ODS ferritic and ferritic/martensitic steels possess longer lifetimes and higher resistance against cyclic degradation especially at elevated temperatures in comparison with alloys without oxide dispersion. Miniaturized specimens will serve to measure fatigue life curves, cyclic stress-strain curve etc. from room temperature up to 800 °C, to define specific material behaviour. TEM analysis will be used to understand the interaction between dislocations and oxide dispersion and to investigate the microstructure produced during cyclic loading. The influence of the small specimen size on fatigue crack growth rate will be studied experimentally on the sheet specimens with varying thickness and by mathematical modelling using finite elements calculations. The final results of the project can help facilitate a more effective design of ODS steels for the specific requirements of the fusion program.

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Optimization of Structure and Properties of Advanced High-Temperature Cast Materials Alloyed with Carbon by Complex Heat Treatment Investigator: prof. Mgr. Tomáš Kruml, CSc. Number of Project: P107/11/0704 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2014

The aim of the project is the development of new advanced cast multiphase gamma based TiAl-8Nb-X alloys alloyed with the graded carbon content (0.2 to 1 at.%), thus far produced only by powder metallurgy. Sufficient thermo-mechanical stability of these alloys will be guaranteed by the lamellar structure strengthened by favourable distributed precipitates obtained using an optimized complex heat treatment. The main pertinent applications of the alloys suggested are turbocharger rotors or gas turbine blades in the automotive and power industries, respectively, in which a decisive degradation mechanism represents creep-fatigue interaction at higher temperatures. The structure of newly developed cast alloys and their thermo-mechanical stability will be studied both in the virgin state after optimized heat treatment and after high temperature creep-fatigue tests. Neutron diffraction (in-situ and postmortem studies), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and other modern experimental techniques will be used for the structure analysis and the study of damage mechanisms.

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Identification of Fatigue Damage Mechanisms in Modern Steels under Development for Fusion and Nuclear Reactors

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Investigator: Ing. Ivo Kuběna, Ph.D. Number of Project: 13-28685P Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 02. 2013 - 31. 01. 2015

An effort to improve efficiency of energy devices through the increase of operating temperature leads to the development of new materials which resist creep and fatigue at elevated temperatures over long periods of time. Recently, steels strengthened by oxide dispersion have come into focus. The main aim of this project is to obtain the newest ODS steels, to explain the surface relief formation of these materials during cyclic loading, to determine a fatigue crack initiation mechanism and subsequently to measure the kinetics of small fatigue crack growth, which allow a fatigue life prediction of components in service. The origination and evolution of surface relief will be studied by means of advanced electron microscopy techniques. Furthermore, basic fatigue curves will be measured and changes in microstructure due to cyclic plastic deformation will be studied. The expected result of the proposed project is a complex description of early stages of fatigue damage, which are decisive for fatigue resistance at elevated temperatures. This information is still missing in the literature.

Research Groups

Fatigue Damage Mechanisms in Ultrafine Grained Stainless Steels Investigator: Ing. Jiří Man, Ph.D. Number of Project: 13-32665S Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 02. 2013 - 31. 01. 2016

Ultrafine grain austenitic stainless steel produced by transformation to martensite and reversion annealing is an advanced material with a number of possible applications. Its monotonic and fatigue properties are studied in order to characterize the material and to reveal basic damaging mechanisms contributing to the shortening of its fatigue life. Cyclic stress-strain response, internal structure of the material and its changes during cyclic loading, surface relief formation, fatigue crack initiation, and short and long crack growth are studied in symmetric push-pull loading using a computer controlled electrohydraulic testing system and advanced techniques as TEM, FEG-SEM, FIB, EBSD, AFM etc. The mechanisms of damage in individual stages of fatigue life are analyzed with the aim of assessing the role of grain boundaries and comparing the behaviour of ultrafine materials with their standard polycrystalline counterparts. The inflicted damage will be interpreted in terms of recent fatigue damage models. Protective Diffusion Coatings on Cast Nickel-Based Superalloys for High-Temperature Application

Localization and Irreversibility of Cyclic Slip in Polycrystals Investigator: Ing. Jiří Man, Ph.D. Number of Project: P108/10/2371 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2013

The project is focused on revealing and explaining the fundamental micromechanisms of the localized cyclic plastic straining in polycrystalline materials resulting in early fatigue damage and leading to fatigue crack initiation. The study of the evolution of the internal dislocation structure and of the development of surface relief at ambient and depressed temperatures aims to clarify the role of point defects in the formation of specific surface relief. Slip activity and slip irreversibility in persistent slip bands (PSBs) in dependence on the crystallographic orientation will be studied in two materials with different stacking fault energy (polycrystalline copper and 316L steel). Modern high resolution techniques, e.g. AFM (atomic force microscopy), EBSD (electron back scattering), FIB (focused ion beam) etc. will be adopted. Analysis of experimental data and the comparison with models of localized cyclic plastic straining and crack initiation leads to more thorough understanding of the damage mechanisms and represents further stimulus for fatigue damage modelling.

Investigator: doc. RNDr. Karel Obrtlík, CSc. Number of Project: P107/11/2065 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2013

The proposed project intends to manufacture a composite, made up of a protective diffusion layer on the surface of cast nickel base superalloy Inconel 713LC, for high-temperature application in an oxidizing and corrosive atmosphere under the operation of cyclic straining. The main goal is to find an optimum technology of protective layer deposition base on surface saturation with Al, and with Al in combination with Si and with Cr. The thermal regime of deposition and substrate surface treatment will be specified. The project will provide new complex data on the effect of deposition parameters on chemical, phase, structural, and mechanical properties of the protective layers. The structure and phase evolution of the layers exposed to high temperature will be analyzed. The influence of the layers on the fatigue life of the superalloy will be obtained both in continuous cycling and in cycling with dwells at high air temperature. Mechanisms leading to the composite degradation under the cyclic straining and under the high temperature exposition will be identified.

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Research Groups

Analysis of Cyclic Stress Components in Advanced High-Temperature Resistant Structural Materials

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Investigator: prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Polák, DrSc., dr. h. c. Number of Project: P204/11/1453 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2013

The project aims to obtain relevant information about the high cyclic deformation resistance and fatigue life of cyclically deformed nickel-based superalloys Inconel at room and particularly at elevated temperatures. These superalloys are used primarily in the power and aircraft industries for high-temperature applications up to 900 °C. The project is focused on the analysis of cyclic stress and its internal and effective components in dependence on strain amplitude and temperature. Simultaneously, using neutron diffraction and TEM, the internal structure of the matrix and the strengthening phase and, using AFM, the evolution of the surface relief of the fatigued specimens will be studied. Project aims to find the correlation between the cyclic plasticity level and the structure at elevated temperatures. The obtained results will contribute to the deepening of the knowledge of advanced high-temperature resistant structural materials with the aim of reaching the optimum properties. Materials for High-Temperature Applications – Hardening and Damaging Mechanisms Investigator: prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Polák, DrSc., dr. h. c. Number of Project: 13-23652S Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 02. 2013 - 31. 01. 2016

The data and the knowledge necessary for the design of materials designated for service under high loads at high temperatures will be collected and applied with international cooperation. In two types of presently developed materials, one used for effective coal combustion, the other for energy production using fusion reaction, the response to high temperature mechanical and thermal loadings will be studied. The mechanisms of hardening will be studied by investigating the interaction of dislocations with different types of obstacles (other dislocations, precipitates, carbides, dispersed foreign particles). The damaging processes during creep, cyclic creep, low cycle fatigue, thermomechanical fatigue and fatigue-creep interactions will be studied in order to reveal damaging mechanisms in high-temperature service.

Facilities EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES:  elecrohydraulic closed loop computer controlled testing machine MTS 810 ± 100 kN, silent 25 l/min pump, 38 l/min servovalve, mechanical and hydraulic grips, upgraded by Teststar IIs digital control unit, equipped with split three-zone oven up to 1000 °C, high temperature hydraulic grips and high temperature longitudinal and diagonal extensometers  elecrohydraulic closed loop computer controlled testing machine MTS 880 ± 50 kN, silent 25 l/min pump, 16 l/min servovalve, mechanical and hydraulic grips, extensometers, upgraded by FlexTest SE digital control unit, 10 kW induction furnace for thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) tests up to 1200 °C  electrohydraulic closed loop computer controlled testing machine MTS 810 ± 100 kN, quiet 25 l/min pump, two 38 l/min servovalves, Teststar IIs digital control unit, grips for room and low temperatures, cryostat down to liquid nitrogen temperature, low temperature extensometer, environmental chamber for test in temperature range from –70 to +350 °C  electrohydraulic computer controlled axial/torsional test system MTS 809 axial capacity: ± 100 kN, torsional capacity: ± 1100 Nm, quiet 25 l/min pump, 19 l/min port servovalve for linear cylinder, 9.5 l/min port servovalve for rotatory cylinder, FlexTest 40 digital control unit, water-cooled hydraulic collet grips, room- and high-temperature axial/ torsional extensometer, high temperature furnace up to 1400 °C  QUESTAR long distance microscope with high resolution camera grabber and PC for picture capture and storage  12x zoom system Navitar high magnification long-distance microscope equipped with Olympus DP 70 high resolution camera for real-time crack monitoring

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 B r i tt l e

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

Research Groups

F r a ctu r e

members

Head: prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. Introduction

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Arising from the extensive long-term experiences and previous fruitful and internationally acknowledged activity in Brittle Fracture investigations, the group is investigating the problems associated with strength and fracture behaviour of advanced materials leading to an explanation of the physical nature of the phenomena observed. Major attention is given to quantitative assessment and predictions of microstructure-property relationships in both structural steel and advanced metallic and non-metallic materials. In recent research activity of the group, the theoretical, computational and experimental natures of the following main areas have been addressed. In the field of experimental fracture mechanics and brittle fracture of steels, the study of phenomena is focused on the mechanisms rather than particular steel itself:  micromechanisms of brittle failures, relationships to microstructural parameters. Transition behaviour of fracture toughness characteristics, the temperature and strain rate effects  micromechanical aspects of brittle fracture initiation. Accurate characterization of crack tip phenomena and their relations to macroscopic fracture characteristics, the crack tip constraint effects  local approach (deterministic, stochastic) in the assessment of brittle failures and fracture toughness prediction. Cleavage (critical) fracture stress, its physical nature and role  transferability of fracture characteristics from subsized specimens to standard ones, in plane and out of plane crack tip constraint  ODS ferritic/martensitic steel development, effect of ceramic nanoparticles distribution on cleavage fracture. Fracture micromechanisms and embrittlement of ODS steels in liquid metals The study of advanced materials fracture, based on current grant projects, is conducted using an interdisciplinary approach. Materials and their fracture behaviour are the intended topics in this field:  TiAl based intermetallics, micromechanics and micromechanisms of fracture. Effect of heat treatment on microstructural changes, toughening effects acting in complex alloys.  brittleness and toughening mechanisms in ceramics. Development of advanced methods for fracture toughness determination for brittle materials  the failure micromechanisms and fracture characteristics of glass matrix based ceramic composites reinforced by metal particles, SiC fibres, alumina platelets. Hybrid composites  alumina/zirconia laminates with controlled properties – fabrication by electrophoretic deposition, microstructure and fracture behaviour  development and microstructure to property relations of amorphous carbon matrix composites reinforced by basalt fibers  ceramic foam materials fracture, bioglass foams with polymer coating for tissue engineering, tensile tests, modelling, fracture behaviour

head Name Room Phone number prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. 117 +420 532 290 342

Email [email protected]

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Research scientists Name Room Phone number Ing. Hynek Hadraba, Ph.D. 225 +420 532 290 369 prof. Makoto Hasegawa (visiting scientist) 422 +420 532 290 458 prof. Krish Chawla (visiting scientist) 117 +420 532 290 369 Ing. Zdeněk Chlup, Ph.D. 128a +420 532 290 335 Ing. Vladislav Kozák, CSc. 109 +420 532 290 364 Dr. Ing. Filip Šiška, Ph.D. 219 +420 532 290 371 Ing. Peter Tatarko, Ph.D. 422 +420 532 290 458

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Technicians Name Room Phone number Ing. Pavel Čupera 5 +420 532 290 314 Ing. Jan Kubíček 5 +420 532 290 314 Šárka Šmýdová 127 +420 532 290 337 Bc. Radek Vácha 115 +420 532 290 302

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Ph.D. students Name Room Phone number Ing. Samer Al Khaddour 128b +420 532 290 336 Ing. Luca Bertolla 128b +420 532 290 336 Ing. Martina Halasová 128b +420 532 290 336 Ing. Richa Saggar 128b +420 532 290 336 Ing. Luděk Stratil 128b +420 532 290 336

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Diploma students Name Room Phone number Bc. Roman Husák 225 +420 532 290 369 Bc. Vít Lovy 128b +420 532 290 336 Bc. Radka Nedbalová 128b +420 532 290 336

Email [email protected] [email protected]

Email

Institute of Physics of Materials | Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

BIENNIAL REPORT 2012-2013

ONGOING projects • Finished projects Glass and Ceramic Composites for High Technology Applications – Initial Training Networks (FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN)

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Investigator: prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. Grant agreement number: 264526 Agency: European Commission, FP7 Duration: 01. 02. 2011 - 31. 01. 2015

The aim of this project is to offer multidisciplinary training in the field of high-tech glasses and composites, in close contact with companies and universities within this consortium. Our scientific goals are to develop advanced knowledge of glass based materials and to develop innovative, cost-competitive, and environmentally acceptable materials and processing technologies. The inter-/multi-disciplinary characteristics is guaranteed by the presence, within the consortium, of five academic partners and five companies, from six countries, having top class expertise in glass science and technology, modelling, design, characterization and commercialization of glass and composite based products. More information can be found at www.glacerco.eu RoLiCer - Enhanced Reliability and Lifetime of Ceramic Components Through Multi-Scale Modelling of Degradation and Damage Co-investigator: Ing. Zdeněk Chlup, Ph.D. Number of Project: 263476 Agency: European Commission, FP7 Duration: 01. 11. 2011 - 30. 11. 2014

Engineering ceramics possess superior mechanical and physical properties. The exceptional wear, corrosion and contact fatigue resistance of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and SiAlON ceramics makes them attractive materials for high-temperature metal forming tools and rolling elements for bearings. Despite the efforts devoted to the study of this class of materials, a gap still exists between their micro-structural properties and their potential application limits. Developing multi-scale predictive models that deliver information on materials degradation mechanisms, based on realistic working conditions, will enable the systematic tailoring of ceramic materials for new applications, supported by validated evaluation techniques including tribology, damage analysis, and lifetime predictions. The optimisation of the microstructure is clearly application-dependent and should rely on co-related material development efforts and multi-scale simulations. The bridging between the micro-structural properties and macro-scale behaviour should merge the knowledge acquired from the atomistic, micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale levels. Nonetheless, the chain of information would not be complete without including means of validation that rely on experimental techniques and functionality tests in real applications. More information can be found at www.rolicer.eu

Research Groups

Microstructural Design of High Toughness Materials Co-investigator: prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. Number of Project: P107/10/0361 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

The project was oriented on the formulation of principles of effective microstructural design for dispersion strengthened metallic materials and metallic matrix composites with extremely high toughness and acceptable strength level. The basic objective of this project was to clarify the role of all microstructural parameters in the processes of ductile damage, namely the effects of multi population of second phase particles, their level of arrays in the matrix, statistical characteristics of microstructural parameters and anisotropy in plastic deformation and its local heterogeneity on the onsets of stages in ductile damage. All these effects have been considered in a comprehensive statistical model of ductile fracture. The most appropriate size and spatial distribution of multi populations of second phase particles regarding the selected and demanded relationship between strength and toughness of the material will be determined. Fracture Behaviour Prediction Based on Quantification of Local Material Response Co-investigator: Ing. Hynek Hadraba, Ph.D. Number of Project: P108/10/0466 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

The aim of this project was to develop method for fracture behaviour prediction based on small tested volumes. Procedure for determination of relationships between characteristics of simple tests describing local behaviour of material preceding its limit state and reference temperature localising the fracture toughness transition on temperature axis was found. Neural networks analysis was applied for finding of relationships between parameters of tensile test, ball indentation test and fracture toughness characteristics. Then the finite element model of instrumented ball indentation test was compared with experimental data and used for tensile curve prediction and thus for prediction of fracture toughness. SiOC Ceramic Foam from Pyrolyzed Polymer Precursor as a Core of Thermally Stable Composite Sandwich Structures Co-investigator: Ing. Zdeněk Chlup, Ph.D. Number of Project: P107/12/2445 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2012 - 31. 12. 2014

Results and experience gained in the previous project (GA106/09/1101) will be utilized in exploring possible methods of fabrication of heat resistant SiOC ceramic foams from

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polysiloxane resins as preceramic precursors. The resins were synthesized and their decisive properties were characterized. Various methods of porosity formation (including filling the resin with polymer particles or controlling the curing process) were verified. The foams were combined with layers of fiber reinforced prepreg to make sandwich structures with promising potential of application at elevated temperatures. Foam properties relevant to the intended high-temperature applications (thermal stability of microstructure, oxidation resistance, mechanical properties, and fracture toughness) are studied. Structure, mechanical properties, and thermal endurance of the fabricated sandwich composites will be investigated and optimized. Fracture Mechanics Characteristics of the Interface of Low Toughness Materials Investigator: Ing. Zdeněk Chlup, Ph.D. Number of Project: P108/11/1644 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2014

The research was prompted by the gradual increase in the number of applications of composite materials where the interface plays an important role. The main aim of the project is to determine the parameters characterizing the fracture behaviour of multi-component materials, mainly with the apparent interface. A detailed description of the physical processes which occur during fracture will be used to achieve this aim. The influence of both local changes in the microstructure and fracture-mechanic parameters close to the interface of fracture micromechanisms and determined parameters are utilized. It will be necessary to overcome the basic limitation of the minimal thickness of both the layers and the whole component for the application potential of the proposed materials, especially in the field of optics and electronics. Furthermore, developed material model of the interface into cohesive elements for numerical simulations using FEM will be implemented. The results of this research will be utilized in the development of new composite systems. EFDA - Production and Characterization of Laboratory-Scale Batches of Nano-Structured ODSFS Investigator: Ing. Hynek Hadraba, Ph.D. Number of Project: WP12-MAT-01-ODSFS-01-01/IPP.CR/BS Agency: European Commission Duration: 01. 01. 2013 - 31. 12. 2013

The aim of this project is to fabricate ODS steels using new methods and to characterize them. The work can be done in three independent ways: i) Fabrication of ODS steel by hot pressing, ii) Cold spray of ODS steel layer on Eurofer 97, and iii) Preparation of bulk ODS steel by cold spraying and pressing.

Research Groups

Development of New TiAl Intermetallics with Improved Mechanical Properties by Means of Microstructure Control Applying Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (Bi-national Czech – Japan Collaboration) Řešitel: prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. Číslo projektu: ME 10117 Agentura: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Doba řešení: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

The role of selected microstructural variables in predominantly lamellar microstructures of intermetallic TiAl alloy has been analysed. Mechanisms of beta phase stabilisation applying thermal and mechanical-thermal procedures have been followed. Enhancement of strength and fracture properties has been proved. The positive effect of beta phase on toughness has been shown, namely at increased temperatures. The project was solved in cooperation with Yokohama National University.

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Facilities EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES:

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 screw driven testing machine ZWICK Z50. Load up to ± 50 kN, test temperatures from -196 to +1200 °C. Tensile, compressive and 3- or 4 -point bend tests  screw driven testing machine ZWICK Z250. Load up to ± 250 kN, test temperatures from -196 to +200 °C. Suitable for 3-point, 4-point bending, tension and compression  hydraulic testing machine ZWICK rel 1871. Load cell up to ± 100 kN, piston speed up to 6 m/s, testing at -150 °C to room temperatures. Fixtures for tensile, compact tension and three point bend specimens  universal test system INSTRON 8862 with electromechanical actuator. Load cell up to ±100 kN. Temperature chamber. Fixtures for tensile and compression tests, compact tension and three or four point bend test  screw driven testing machine ZWICK Z2.5 with micro hardness head ZHU0.2 and optical system. Instrumented micro hardness head (Vickers, Knoop) load capacity up to 200 N and indentation depth measurement with resolution of 20 nm  micro-testing machine MTS Tytron 250. Load cell up to ± 250 N, load speed up to 0.5 m/s. Fixtures for tensile and three or four point bend test  instrumented impact tester PSWO 3 (300 J). Load and deflection measurement high speed A/D card with FIFO (PC). Charpy and pre-cracked Charpy tests with various release angles  instrumented impact tester Amsler RKP (300 J). Load measurement, angle reading, eddy current transducer for specimen deflection measurement, Charpy and pre-cracked Charpy test with various release angles, dynamic tensile test adaptor  instrumented impact tester Zwick/Roell B5113.303 (50 J). Load measurement, different instrumented and non-instrumented pendulums from 0.5 J up to 50 J, dynamic tensile test adaptor  drop weight tester  grindosonic apparatus for determination of elastic properties using the vibration resonance method  potential drop crack length measurement system, DC based, standard system used mainly for three point bend specimen crack propagation monitoring  potential drop absolute crack length measurement system Techlab. Semi AC/DC based advanced data recording system used for SENB and CT crack length monitoring  acoustic emission kit Dakel IPL for 4 channels continuous recording of AE signal with measuring and signal analysing software  ESPI System Q-300 Dantec Dynamics is an Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) for highly sensitive displacement and (local) strain analysis  12x zoom system Navitar. High magnification long-distance microscope, Q4 software (prof. Hild) for digital image correlation  image analysis system Tescan and Analysis Five with Stereomicroscope Olympus Z61 and CCD camera Olympus ColorView IIIu for documentation and digital measurements in fracture surfaces  high speed camera Olympus i-SPEED 3 with extreme low light sensitivity and up to 150 000 fps recoding

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 confocal mikroscope Olympus LEXT OLS3100 with AFM module for documentation of microstructure, fracture surfaces and surface roughness  alicona MEX software for 3D reconstruction of surfaces and their further geometrical/mathematical analysis  workstation for data acquisition at static (16 chanels up to 1.2 MHz) and dynamic testing (2 chanels per 5 MHz and 4 chanels per 20 MHz). Measurement applications developed under LabView (ISA, AT MIO 16A, Gage Scope)  server HP ProLiant (2xXeon 2650v2, RAM 128 GB, Linux Centos, ABAQUS package for FEM calculations)  workstation HP xw9400 (2xOpteron Quad-Core 2360, RAM 32 GB, Linux Centos, ABAQUS package for FEM calculations)  workstation ThinkStation S30 (1xXeon 2630, RAM 32 GB, Linux Centos, ABAQUS package for FEM calculations)  ceramography laboratory for mechanical test specimen preparation. E.g. precise diamond saw Buhler ISOMET 5000, polishing machines MTH with automatic head, Precise balance DENVER, drying oven Venticell 22

Research Groups

Department of Structure Head: Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc. Tel.: +420 532 290 434 Email: [email protected] Secretary: Věra Dušková Tel.: +420 532 290 417 Email: [email protected] GROUPS:

 T he

S t r uctu r e o f Ph a ses a nd T he r m odyn a m i cs

Head: RNDr. Aleš Kroupa, CSc. Introduction

The research activity of the group is concentrated on:  experimental study of materials microstructure in connection with phase transformations  thermodynamic modelling of multicomponent alloy systems and kinetics of phase transformations  diffusion processes in solids and diffusion of hydrogen in selected functional materials The first topic includes the application of electron microscopy, both scanning and transmission, X-ray microanalysis including the study of the microstructure of metals and alloys. The study of the relation between existing phases, their morphology and mechanical properties on advanced materials (high-chromium steels, magnesium alloys, nickel alloys) should be mentioned among the recent results. The second topic is based on the application of existing thermodynamic models for calculations of thermodynamic equilibria and phase diagram modelling in multicomponent systems, and the simulation of diffusional processes. The third topic is focused on the study of volume diffusion and diffusion along high-diffusivity paths, on chemical diffusion under concentration gradients in multiphase materials and weldments, and on the study of transport properties of hydrogen in Mg-based materials for energy storage. The issues resolved by the group in the last five years:  theoretical and experimental study of lead-free solders, thermodynamics and microstructure of environmentally-friendly nanopowder solders  theoretical and experimental study of model alloys (Al-Pd-Rh, Al-Pd-Fe, Ti-Al-Ni, Ni-Al-Zn etc.) and the description of phase equilibria

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 the link between microstructure and creep behaviour of precipitate strengthened alloys processed by ECAP  microstructure of high-Cr steels and their weldments after long term high temperature creep, thermodynamic modelling of phase diagrams and evolution of precipitates (Laves phase, Z phase)  Mg diffusion in Mg-xNi and Mg-xNi-yX alloys with X = Zn, Ga, In, Si, Ge and Sn  study of surface of selected Ni alloys exposed to molted halide salts  carbon diffusion in carbon-supersaturated ferrite and austenite steels  kinetics of hydrogen desorption in Mg-base alloys modified by selected interstitial elements Patents:  porous material for hydrogen storage and the methods of its preparation (Pat. No. 302464)

Research Groups

members Head Name Room Phone number RNDr. Aleš Kroupa, CSc. 415 +420 532 290 467

Email [email protected]

Scientific Staff Name Room Phone number RNDr. Jiří Buršík, CSc., DSc. 410 +420 532 290 473 RNDr. Jiří Čermák, CSc., DSc. 319 +420 532 290 422 Ing. Lubomír Král, Ph.D. 326 +420 532 290 427 Ing. Bořivoj Million, DrSc. 318 +420 532 290 421 RNDr. Věra Rothová, Ph.D. 317 +420 532 290 418 RNDr. Milan Svoboda, CSc. 409 +420 532 290 474 Ing. Adéla Zemanová, Ph.D. 302 +420 532 290 402

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Technicians Name Room Phone number Eva Burgetová 320 +420 532 290 423 Václav Dania 308 +420 532 290 451 Miroslav Daniel 324 +420 532 290 432 Ing. Dagmar Herzánová 408 +420 532 290 482 Jindřich Joukl 308 +420 532 290 315 Ing. Karel Krahula 215 +420 532 290 398 Jiří Matoušek 210 +420 532 290 395 Ing. Ivana Podstranská 502a +420 532 290 481 Ing. Zdenka Prokešová 224 +420 532 290 384

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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ONGOING projects • Finished projects Carbon Diffusion in Carbon-Supersaturated Ferrite and Austenite Steels

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Investigator: RNDr. Jiří Čermák, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: P108/11/0148 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2013

We propose to study the rate of carbon diffusion in carbon-supersaturated BCC and FCC phases of chosen Fe and Ni based alloys. The carbon supersaturation may be produced, e.g., as a result of a phase transformation of advanced materials or under a great concentration gradient in the protective surface layer. Contrary to the fact that the carbon diffusion coefficient is relatively high, the mean diffusion path of carbon diffusion during the material production and/or during the projected service of the construction component may be very short due to low temperature. This means that carbon supersaturation is maintained during the entire service time of the material. With respect to such conditions, it is desirable to know the carbon diffusion coefficient in carbon-supersaturated matrices, which enables (i) an estimate of the residual lifetime of the material and (ii) the design of new types of materials. The principal experimental method is very fine SIMS depth profiling. The results of the proposed study will elucidate the kinetics of the process and/or the stability of carbonsupersaturated materials. Thermodynamics of Intermetallic Phases Using Combined Theoretical and Experimental Approaches

Research Groups

the financial and time demands in the applied research. This significant progress was achieved in phase equilibria modelling at temperatures going to 0 K where a comprehensive theoretical study was performed and a method for the extension of SGTE Gibbs energy expression for pure elements to 0 K temperature was proposed. This approach was also successfully tested for binary phases in Zr-V system. The fulfilment of the project aims was evaluated as EXCELLENT by the CZF. The Link between Microstructure and Creep Behaviour of Precipitate Strengthened Alloys Processed by ECAP Investigator: RNDr. Milan Svoboda, CSc. Number of Project: P108/11/2260 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2014

At present, equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is the most developed of all potential severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques for achieving very significant grain refinement in metallic materials. Despite enormous research efforts in ECAPed materials, so far only very limited investigations on the link between their microstructure and creep behaviour have been carried out. Thus, this project is initiated to provide a detailed examination of the effect of precipitates on the microstructural stability and creep resistance of the selected precipitate strengthened aluminium and copper based alloys processed by SPD, mostly ECAP. The results should develop optimum processing schemes for attaining the desired creep properties of SPD processed materials. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Phase Diagrams of Nanomaterials

Investigator: RNDr. Aleš Kroupa, CSc. Number of Project: P108/10/1908 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

The combination of ab initio, semiempirical and experimental approaches enabled us to study the thermodynamic properties of secondary phases (e.g. Laves, sigma, Z phase) which play an important role in the stability of advanced steels or superalloys. The main contribution of ab initio calculations was the possibility of achieving thermodynamic (total energies, heats of formation), structural (lattice parameters, atomic volumes) and further (e.g. magnetic, elastic) properties of compounds, which are not always accessible via experiments. In combination with the CALPHAD method, this approach was very effective and significantly lowered the number of parameters required for the description of studied phases during the thermodynamic modelling of Cr Hf, Hf V, Ta-V, Zr V, and Cr-Nb-N systems. A simpler set of thermodynamic parameters with better physical background is very important for the extrapolation of the calculations towards multicomponent systems, corresponding to real materials, e.g. the advanced (Cr, Mo) steels. These calculations allow a significant decrease in the extent of experimental work in selected key temperatures and compositions and decrease

Investigator: RNDr. Aleš Kroupa, CSc. Number of Project: LD11024 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 03. 2011 - 31. 5. 2014

Nanomaterials are a very progressive group of advanced materials with very interesting material properties and great attention is paid to them in basic and applied research worldwide. This project deals with the theoretical modelling and experimental verification of the phase diagrams of nanomaterials. Such knowledge is crucial for the prediction of the material properties of complex multicomponent and multiphase systems and very reliable models exist for phase diagrams modelling in bulk materials. The team of investigators have worked on the extension of these approaches to the nanomaterials over the last two years and have developed original and new methods for the phase diagram modelling of nanomaterials through the combination of CALPHAD and the calculation of the surface tensions by ab-initio methods. This approach allows including the influence of surface energy to the overall Gibbs energy of the system, and also for complex phases, where this data are not accessible experimentally.

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Facilities

Research Groups

 E l ect r i c a l

a nd M a g net i c P r o p e r t i es

Head: Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc. EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES: Introduction

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 transmission electron microscope CM12 TEM/STEM Philips with ultrathin window EDAX Phoenix  scanning electron microscope JEOL 6460 with Oxford Instruments analytical equipment INCA Energy (EDX), INCA Wave (WDX) and INCA Crystal (EBSD)  scanning electron microscope Tescan LYRA 3 XMU FEG/SEMxFIB with focussed ion beam and EDX and EBSD analysers  light metalography microscope, equipment for microhardness measurements, complete equipment for specimen preparation for light and electron microscopy  gamma spectrometer NaI/Tl Canberra 2007P  alpha/beta/gamma low-level counter Canberra 2400  liquid scintillation analyzer TriCarb 3170 TR/SL  fully motorized rotary microtome Leica RM2255  MiniSIMS Millbrook  furnace for spill casting ERSCEM 8920, induction melt furnace Balzers, arc melt furnace MAM 1 Edmund Bühler GmbH, IR furnace MILA-5000 ULVAC-RIKO, Inc., high-vacuum furnace TVU, horizontal tube furnaces Classic  DSC/DTA apparatus Netzsch 204 F1 Phoenix and 404 C Pegasusu for DTA/DSC measurements in the temperature range from Liquid N to 1650 °C  software for thermodynamic modelling of phase equilibria in multicomponent systems ThermoCalc and Dictra, SSOL database, Steel 16 database  crystallography, electron diffraction and image analysis software, crystallographic Database

The activities of the group are focused on (i) theoretical studies of electronic and magnetic properties of disordered alloys, epitaxial multilayers, surfaces and interfaces as well as quantum-mechanical studies of extended defects in metallic materials; (ii) experimental investigations of relations among structure and magnetic, transport and mechanical properties in metallic materials. The research first encompasses several topic fields, e.g. surface magnetism, magnetic exchange coupling and spin-dependent transport in multilayered systems, magnetic properties of amorphous materials, solute segregation in bulk disordered alloys and at grain boundaries and computer simulations of atomic configurations of defects. Quantum-mechanical and quantum-statistical methods are applied to these problems, and most studies are performed from the first principles. The second of the mentioned topics is based on broad experimental macroscopic and microscopic investigations of crystal structure in relation to electrical and magnetic properties, both integral and microscopic. The predominant results have been obtained from the application of Mossbauer spectroscopy. Crystalline, microcrystalline, nanocrystalline and amorphous materials have been investigated. The main idea is to obtain a deeper understanding of the relation between changes in crystalline structure in dependence on heat and mechanical treatment, and electrical and magnetic properties. The most important projects in the group within the last two years have been focused on:  first-principles investigations of two-dimensional alloy magnetism and electron transport in magnetic multilayers  first-principles studies of theoretical strength, phase stability and magnetism in metals and intermetallics  atomistic studies of grain boundaries in metallic materials and development of relevant quantum-mechanical techniques  influence of method of preparation, heat and mechanical treatments on structure and properties of nanocrystalline materials  structure and properties of metallic and oxidic magnetic materials prepared by non traditional technologies  role of defects in electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties of ordered intermetallic systems

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Research Groups

members head Name Room Phone number Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc. 315 +420 532 290 434

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Scientific staff Name Room Phone number doc. Ing. Miroslav Černý, CSc. Ing. Bohumil David, Ph.D. 120 +420 532 290 436 Dr. Hassan Elhadidy , Ph.D. Mgr. Jan Fikar , Ph.D. RNDr. Martin Friák , Ph.D. Ing. Roman Gröger, Ph.D. 307 +420 532 290 448 Ing. Yvonna Jirásková, Ph.D. 305 +420 532 290 446 Ing. Tomáš Káňa, Ph.D. 427 +420 532 290 461 Panagiotis Maniadis, Ph.D. 227 +420 532 290 429 Mgr. Jana Pavlů, Ph.D. 427 +420 532 290 461 RNDr. Naděžda Pizurová, Ph.D. Ing. Pavla Roupcová, Ph.D. 306 +420 532 290 447 Ing. Petr Šesták, Ph.D. prof. RNDr. Mojmír Šob, DrSc. 419 +420 532 290 455 doc. RNDr. Ilja Turek, DrSc. 311 +420 532 290 437 Ing. Karel Zábranský, Ph.D. 310a +420 532 290 400 RNDr. Tomáš Žák, CSc. 223 +420 532 290 382 Technicians Name Room Phone number RNDr. Miroslav Hapla 426 +420 532 290 462 Jan Mateovič Lab. +420 532 290 313 Michal Radkovič 120 +420 532 290 312 Ph.D. Students Name Room Phone number Mgr. Jakub Navařík Ing. Monika Všianská 427 +420 532 290 461 Diploma Students Name Room Phone number Bc. Jan Stárek Bc. Libor Šmejkal

Email [email protected]

77 Email [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Email [email protected]

Email

Email [email protected] [email protected]

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ONGOING projects • Finished projects

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Research Groups

lity to predict the modifications of the prepared materials aimed at the optimization of their magnetic behaviour.

Calculation of the Peierls Barrier in bcc Metals and its Dependence on Stress

Theory of Spin-Dependent Transport in Magnetic Solids and Nanostructures

Investigator: Ing. Roman Gröger, Ph.D. Number of Project: P204/10/0255 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2010 - 31. 12. 2012

Investigator: doc. RNDr. Ilja Turek, DrSc. Number of Project: P204/11/1228 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2014

Plastic deformation of bcc metals is governed by a motion of 1/2 screw dislocations that possess a high lattice friction (Peierls) stress. At finite temperatures and strain rates, the dislocation moves by overcoming the Peierls barrier, which is a crucial ingredient of the thermodynamic description of the dislocation glide. However, atomistic simulations provide only the maximum slope of the Peierls barrier and, therefore, its shape is generally unknown. In this project, we will develop a novel computational method that utilizes the Nudged Elastic Band method to calculate the entire shape of the Peierls barrier and its variation under stress. The interactions between atoms are described by the state-of-the-art Bond Order Potentials that capture the mixed metallic and covalent character of bonds in bcc transition metals. The main advantage of our model, and what distinguishes it from other methods, is that we directly calculate the position of the dislocation in the perpendicular {111} plane. This allows for both a self-consistent use of boundary conditions along the transition path of the dislocation and an unambiguous identification of the positions of the dislocation. This work forms a basis for the development of physically justified macroscopic flow criteria for bcc metals.

The main goal of the project is to gain a better understanding of the interplay between the spin-orbit interaction and disorder, including thermal fluctuations, which determine the spin-dependent transport properties of magnetic solids and nanostructures with possible applications in spintronics and nanoelectronics. We use both model approaches and the ab initio electronic structure methods to calculate the full conductivity tensor in order to study the anisotropic magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect in magnetic systems. Our effort is focused on a unified description of intrinsic (band structure, spin-orbit interaction) and extrinsic (spin-dependent impurity scattering) effects. The developed theory allows us to study on a parameter-free level a broad variety of complex real materials and systems, such as ferromagnetic metals, their ordered and disordered alloys, diluted magnetic semiconductors, Heusler alloys, and chosen magnetic multilayers.

Effects of Cores and Boundaries of Nanograins on the Structural and Physical Properties of Ball Milled and Mechanically Alloyed Iron-Based Materials Investigator: Ing. Yvonna Jirásková, Ph.D. Number of Project: P108/11/1350 Agency: Czech Science Foundation Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2014

The aim of the project is to deepen the assessment of interplay between the structure and properties of nano-powders prepared by ball milling and mechanical alloying. The original approach will be based on systematic investigations of the structure of nano-grain boundaries and cores. Attention will mainly be devoted to the formation of defects in grain surfaces and to the influence of various gases (O2, N2, H2, Ar) and/or milling components on the structure of boundaries and cores of nanograins in a close relation to the properties of final iron-based materials. The combination of microstructure-sensitive Mössbauer spectroscopy and defect-sensitive positron annihilation spectroscopy supported by other experimental methods, e.g. TEM, HREM, (HR)SEM, XRD, DSC, and magnetic measurements guarantees novel and valuable information. The subsequent annealing and monitoring of the changes of structural and physical properties will enhance the obtained results and the abi-

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Interfaces and Martensitic Phase Transformations Investigator: prof. RNDr. Mojmír Šob, DrSc. Number of Project: IAA100100920 Agency: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 01. 2009 - 31. 12. 2013

Interfaces play a crucial role not only in structural changes but also in the development of microstructure in general. This project is based on theoretical modelling of interfacial structures and of their properties with the aim to elucidate experimentally detected behaviour of interfaces in materials where displacive/diffusionless transformations occur. The applied theoretical approaches include ab initio electronic structure calculations as well as semiempirical interatomic potentials. Our target was to elucidate the processes responsible for both mechanical and functional properties in shape memory materials in the state close to structural instability; particular attention was devoted to the effect of magnetism. Our research was conducted in synergistic combination with experimental investigations in laboratories specialized on mechanical and magnetic tests.

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Facilities

Research Groups

Department of CEITEC IPM

EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES:

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 mössbauer spectrometers (5 – 1300 K)  VSM magnetometers (5 – 1073 K)  equipment for measurements of electrical resistivity (300 – 1000 K)  equipment for measurements of magnetoresistance (80 – 900 K, 1 T)  quadrupole mass spectrometer  spark erosion system for material synthesis  vacuum (oil free) and gas furnaces for heat treatment of materials (up to 1300 K)  X-ray diffractometer X’PERT (300 - 1500 K)  ab-initio TB-LMTO method for electronic structure calculations (ordered and disordered alloys, surfaces and epitaxial interfaces)

Head of the department CEITEC IPM: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Tel.: +420 532 290 358 Email: [email protected] Assistant to the Head of the Department CEITEC IPM: Pavla Kučerová Tel.: +420 532 290 377 Email: [email protected]

The department (organizing unit of CEITEC IPM) was established during the year 2010 with the aim of realizing part of the centre of excellence CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology attached to the Institute of Physics of Materials AS CR. CEITEC centre is an ambitious cooperative project of Masaryk University, Brno University of Technology, Institute of Physics of Materials AS CR, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Mendel University in Brno and Veterinary Research Institute. The centre is financed by the European Commission through the European Regional Development Fund. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic also provides financial support. At the beginning of 2013, a new project team for the management of the CEITEC project and other projects of the department, supported from European Social Funds, was established under the direction of head of the department, doc. Náhlík. The department consists of two research groups consisting of researchers hired to the solution and managing the project.

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ONGOING projects • Finished projects

members Head of Dep. CEITEC IPM Name Room Phone number doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. +420 532 290 358

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Research Groups

Email [email protected]

Assistant to the Head of the Department Name Room Phone number Pavla Kučerová +420 532 290 377

Email [email protected]

Financial manager Name Room Phone number Ing. Ondřej Bureš +420 532 290 370

Email [email protected]

Project manager Name Room Phone number Ing. Michal Zouhar +420 532 290 494

Email [email protected]

Project manager Name Room Phone number Ing. Jana Ševčíková +420 532 290 494

Email [email protected]

CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology Investigator: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Number of Project: CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 01. 2011 - 31. 12. 2015

The main goal of the project is defined by a common vision: The establishment of a Centre of Excellence conducting research in the area of Quality of Life and Human Health. The basic building blocks of the centre are Research Groups that are concentrated in seven Research Programmes. The targeted cooperation within and among the Research Programmes is assured by Common Research Objectives. They reflect synergies throughout the project and their fulfilment is an important component of the Common Evaluation of Scientific Excellence. These Common Research Objectives are: to understand the mechanisms of the genesis and spread of important diseases, methods of their prevention, early diagnostics and therapy; to utilize plant systems as renewable sources of materials and biologically active compounds; to develop advanced materials and functional nanostructures for medicine, energy and information and communication technologies; to utilize information and communication technologies for biomedicine. IPM is particularly involved in common research in the field of nanostructures, nanomaterials and advanced materials based on metals and ceramics. Building up Cooperation in R&D With the Research and Industrial Partners Investigator: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Number of Project: CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 05. 2011 - 30. 04. 2014

The aim of the project is to develop cooperation between applicants and partners and integrate them into international networks of common R&D projects, collective use of research capacities, transfer of latest up-to-date findings and trends, and excellence in preparation and management of R&D projects. Talented Postdocs for Scientific Excellence in Physics of Materials Investigator: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Number of Project: CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0063 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 07. 2012 - 30. 06. 2015

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The objective of this project is to oversee three research teams at IPM with three young postdoctoral research fellows in order to raise the research performance of existing research groups. These young scientists will utilize the excellent instrumental equipment of IPM and, at the same time, participate in the development of the Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC. The specific science project aim is research in the field of new materials suitable for application in energetics and electrotechnics.

84 Human Resources Development in the Research of Physical and Material Properties of Emerging, Newly Developed and Applied Engineering Materials Investigator: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Number of Project: CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0214 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 07. 2012 - 30. 06. 2015

The aim of this project is the establishment of an excellent international team with a focus on the multiscale study of physical and mechanical processes in materials. The research will be conducted from nanoscale, where it will contribute to the understanding of some unique processes, such as high temperature superconductivity and (anti-)feromagnetism or colossal magnetoresistance, with the goal of the preparation of new advanced semiconductors with great potential for applications in IT. The new team will utilize excellent scientific IPM equipment and, moreover, co-operate on the development of the Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC. Multidisciplinary Team in Materials Design and its Involvement in International Cooperation Investigator: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Number of Project: CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0197 Agency: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Duration: 01. 07. 2012 - 30. 06. 2015

The objective of the project is the establishment of 4 teams and a sustainable system for the gradual increase in productivity of academic and scientific staff. The project is focused on optimizing the competitiveness of individual R&D project staff. The scope of the project also includes an improvement of technical knowledge, as well as the support of the establishment of the new research team, with the subsequent promotion of their results. The project will also support particular employees in gaining new experiences through mobility, including intersectoral mobility, and will enforce the implementation of impact analysis in the above mentioned activities.

Research Groups

 T r a ns p o r t a nd M a g net i c P r o p e r t i es ( C E I T E C IPM ) Head: Ing. Bohumil David, Ph.D. Introduction

Research areas Theoretical studies of electronic and magnetic properties of disordered alloys, epitaxial multilayers, surfaces and interfaces as well as quantum-mechanical studies of extended defects in metallic materials. Experimental investigations of the relation between structure and magnetic, transport and mechanical properties in metallic materials. Main objectives The investigation of the functional properties of nanostructures. Specification and optimisation of the functional properties of nanostructures for nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and (bio)sensing, their correlation with geometrical/structural parameters of nanostructures and operational parameters. Novel and unique properties of nanostructures not observable inconventional materials and microstructures, and qualitatively new applications.

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Research Groups

members

86

Facilities

Head Name Room Phone number Ing. Bohumil David, Ph.D. 120 +420 532 290 436

Email [email protected]

EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES:

Scientific Staff Name Room Phone number Ing. Roman Gröger, Ph.D. 307 +420 532 290 448 Ing. Yvonna Jirásková, Ph.D. 305 +420 532 290 446 Panagiotis Maniadis, Ph.D. 227 +420 532 290 429 Ing. Oldřich Schneeweiss, DrSc. 315 +420 532 290 434 RNDr. Tomáš Žák, CSc. 223 +420 532 290 382

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Technicians Name Room Phone number RNDr. Miroslav Hapla 426 +420 532 290 462

Email [email protected]

 CCS-800 Janis Mössbauer spectrometer  PANalytical XPert Pro MPD X-ray diffractometer  VSM 7400 Lakeshore magnetometer

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Research Groups

 A DVANCED METALLIC MATERIALS AND METAL BASED COMPOSITES

(CEITEC IPM)

Head: doc. Ing. Jan Klusák, Ph.D. Introduction

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Research areas Basic mechanisms operating in materials during creep, fatigue, brittle fracture and their combinations in relation to microstructure and their changes.  theoretical studies of crack behaviour in metallic materials and components  multi-scale simulation of deformation and fracture processes, quantitative fractography and the prediction of fatigue life under multiaxial loading  solution of problems related to fatigue, creep and brittle fracture of both of currently applied and developed materials in industrial applications Main objectives Properties of engineering materials have to be continuously improved in order to achieve higher performance and the safety and reliability of engineering systems. The main objective of the research activity of the research group is to study the relation between material structure and material properties, mainly mechanical. The research will focus on fatigue, creep, and their interaction, and fracture properties of advanced materials and metal based composites used or currently being developed for application in energy, transport and medicine. The expected results cover both the generation of material data necessary for safe and reliable application of engineering structures in service and the extension of basic knowledge on material damage mechanisms.

members Head Name Room Phone number doc. Ing. Jan Klusák, Ph.D. 118 +420 532 290 348

Email [email protected]

Scientific Staff Name Room Phone number Ing. Zdeněk Chlup, Ph.D. 128a +420 532 290 335 RNDr. Jiří Čermák, CSc., DSc. 319 +420 532 290 422 prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. 117 +420 532 290 342 Ing. Jiří Dvořák, Ph.D. 251 +420 532 290 397 Ing. Petr Dymáček, Ph.D. 204 +420 532 290 411 Ing. Stanislava Fintová, Ph.D. 102a +420 532 290 301 Ing. Hynek Hadraba, Ph.D. 225 +420 532 290 369 doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. 119 +420 532 290 351 prof. Mgr. Tomáš Kruml, CSc. 112 +420 532 290 379 Mgr. Marie Kvapilová, Ph.D. 221a +420 532 290 374 prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Polák, DrSc., dr. h. c. 111 +420 532 290 366 prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. 418 +420 532 290 454 RNDr. Milan Svoboda, CSc. 409 +420 532 290 474 Ing. Martin Ševčík, Ph.D. 108 +420 532 290 362 Ing. Miroslav Šmíd 108 +420 532 290 362

Email [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Ph.D. Students Name Room Phone number Ing. Bohuslav Máša 114 +420 532 290 347

Email [email protected]

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Facilities EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES:

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 for fatigue testing the following testing machines are available: Resonant system Amsler 10 HFP 1478, 100 kN, resonant system Amsler 2 HFP, 20 kN, push-pull, temperature up to 600 °C, servohydraulic system Zwick/Roell Amsler MC25, two elecrohydraulic closed loop computer controlled testing machines MTS 810, and an elecrohydraulic closed loop computer controlled testing machine MTS 880 ± 100 kN  for high-temperature creep tests custom-made creep machines allowing testing both under controlled stress and controlled load in temperature range up to 1000 °C are available  screw driven testing machine ZWICK Z50 Load up to ± 50 kN, test temperatures from -196 to +1200 °C, screw driven testing machine ZWICK 1382 load up to ± 200 kN, test temperatures from -196 to +200 °C, micro-testing machine MTS Tytron 250 Load cell up to ± 250 N, instrumented impact tester PSWO 3 (300 J) and instrumented impact tester Zwick/ Roell B5113.303 (50 J) are available in the laboratory of brittle fracture CEITEC IPM Creep laboratory Creep test system Zwick/Roell - Messphysik KAPPA LA spring 50 kN, with furnace MAYTEC up to 1200 °C, testing in air and Ar protective atmosphere Creep test system Zwick/Roell - Messphysik KAPPA LA spring 20 kN with furnace MAYTEC up to 1400 °C, testing in Ar protective atmosphere  tensile creep testing  compressive creep testing  stress relaxation testing  strain measurement with MAYTEC extensometer with 11-50 mm gauge length, ±10 mm measurement range, 0.1 µm resolution  testing of specimens with threaded heads M4, M5, M6, M9, M10, M12  testing of flat specimens with slot 6mm  testing of compressive specimens, from ø3mm, L= 4mm to ø10mm, L=20mm in reversal cage

publications

3. publication outputs

publications

List of OF PUBLICATIONS 2012 Articles in Academic Journals

1. Agudo Jácome, L. ; Eggeler, G. ; Dlouhý, A. Advanced scanning transmission stereo electron microscopy of structural and functional engineering materials. Ultramicroscopy, 2012, Vol. 122, p. 48-59. ISSN 0304-3991. 2. Ahmed, A. S. ; Chlup, Z. ; Dlouhý, I. ; Rawlings, R. D. ; Boccaccini, A. R. Mechanical properties of low-density SiC-coated carbon-bonded carbon fiber composites. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2012, Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 401-412. ISSN 1546-542X. 3. Boccaccini, D. N. ; Maioli, M. ; Cannio, M. ; Dlouhý, I. ; Romagnoli, M. ; Leonelli, C. ; Boccaccini, A. R. A lifetime prediction method based on cumulative flaw length theory. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2012, Vol. 32, no. 6, p. 1175-1186. ISSN 09552219. 4. Buršík, J. ; Buršíková, V. ; Pešina, Z. ; Sopoušek, J. Mechanical properties and microstructure of model lead-free joints for electronics made with use of nanopowders. Chemické listy, 2012, Vol. 106, p. 390-392. ISSN 0009-2770. 5. Cavojsky, M. ; Balog, M. ; Dvořák, J. ; Illekova, E. ; Svec, P. ; Krizik, P. ; Janičkovič, D. ; Simancik, F. Microstructure and properties of extruded rapidly solidified AlCr4.7Fe1.1Si0.3 (at.%) alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2012, Vol. 549, p. 233-241. ISSN 0921-5093. 6. Cekić, B. ; Umićević, A. ; Ivanovski, V. ; Hu, R. ; Petrovic, C. ; David, B. ; Barudžija, T. Perturbed angular correlation investigation of the electric field gradient at 181Ta probe in the Hf 2Ni 7 compound. Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, 2012, Vol. 27, no. 2, p. 95-102. ISSN 1451-3994 7. Čermák, J. ; Král, L. Ageing of Mg-Ni-H hydrogen storage alloys. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, Vol. 37, p. 14257-14264. ISSN 0360-3199. 8. Čermák, J. ; Král, L. Alloying of Mg/Mg2Ni eutectic by chosen non-hydride forming elements: Relation between segregation of the third element and hydride storage capacity. Jour-

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nal of Power Sources, 2012, Vol. 197, no. 1, p. 116-120. ISSN 0378-7753. 9. Čermák, J. ; Král, L. Improvement of hydrogen storage characteristics of Mg/Mg2Ni by alloying: Beneficial effect of In. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, Vol. 214, p. 208-215. ISSN 0378-7753.

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10. Čermák, M. ; Zouhar, M. Thin static charged dust Majumdar–Papapetrou shells with high symmetry in D ≥ 4. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2012, Vol. 51, no. 8, p. 24552469. ISSN 0020-7748. 11. Čížek, J. ; Lukáč, F. ; Procházka, I. ; Kužel, R. ; Jirásková, Y. ; Janičkovič, D. ; Anwand, W. ; Brauer, G. Characterization of quenched-in vacancies in Fe-Al alloys. Physica. B, 2012, Vol. 407, no. 14, p. 2659-2664. ISSN 0921-4526. 12. David, B. ; Pizúrová, N. ; Schneeweiss, O. ; Šantavá, Eva ; Kudrle, V. ; Jašek, O. Gamma -Fe2O3 nanopowders synthesized in microwave plasma and extraordinarily strong temperature influence on their Mössbauer spectra. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2012, Vol. 12, no. 12, p. 9277-9285. ISSN 1533-4880. 13. David, B. ; Schneeweiss, O. ; Šantavá, E. ; Jašek, O. Magnetic properties of γ-Fe2O3 nanopowder synthesized by atmospheric microwave torch discharge. Acta Physica Polonica. A, 2012, Vol. 122, no. 1, p. 9-11. ISSN 0587-4246. 14. Dobeš, F. ; Besterci, M. ; Ballóková, B. ; Sülleiová, K. ; Dymáček, P.. Analysis of creep fracture in Al–Al4C3 composite after ECAP. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2012, Vol. 532, p. 567-572. ISSN 0921-5093. 15. Falat, L. ; Svoboda, M. ; Výrostková, A. ; Petryshynets, I. ; Sopko, M. Microstructure and creep characteristics of dissimilar T91/TP316H martensitic/austenitic welded joint with Ni -based weld metal. Materials Characterization, 2012, Vol. 72, p. 15-23. ISSN 1044-5803. 16. Falat, L. ; Homolová, V. ; Kepič, J. ; Svoboda, M. ; Výrostková, A. Microstructure and properties degradation of P/T 91, 92 steels weldments in creep conditions. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy, 2012, Vol. 48, no. 3, p. 461-469. ISSN 1450-5339. 17. Fischer, F.D. ; Svoboda, J. ; Hackl, K. Modelling the kinetics of a triple junction. Acta Materialia, 2012, Vol. 60, no. 12, p. 4704-4711. ISSN 1359-6454.

publications

18. Fournier, B. ; Steckmeyer, A. ; Rouffié, A.-L. ; Malaplate, J. ; Garnier, J. ; Ratti, M. ; Wident, P. ; Ziolek, L. ; Tournie, I. ; Rabeau, V. ; Gentzbittel, J. M. ; Kruml, T. ; Kuběna, I. Mechanical behaviour of ferritic ODS steels - Temperature dependancy and history. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2012, Vol. 430, no. 1-3, p. 142-149. ISSN 0022-3115. 19. Frydrych, J. ; Machala, L. ; Tuček, J. ; Šišková, K. ; Filip, J. ; Pechoušek, J. ; Šafářová, K. ; Vondráček, M. ; Seo, J. H. ; Schneeweiss, O. ; Grätzel, M. ; Sivula, K. ; Zbořil, R. Facile fabrication of tin-doped hematite photoelectrodes - effect of doping on magnetic properties and performance for light-induced water splitting. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012, Vol. 22, no. 43, p. 23232-23239. ISSN 0959-9428. 20. Garcés, G. ; Onorbe, E. ; Dobeš, F. ; Pérez, P. ; Antoranz, J.M. ; Adeva, P. Effect of microstructure on creep behaviour of cast Mg97Y2Zn1 (at.%) alloy. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2012, Vol. 539, p. 48-55. ISSN 0921-5093. 21. Giordana, M. F. ; Giroux, P. F. ; Alvarez - Armas, I. ; Sauzay, M. ; Armas, A. ; Kruml, T. Microstructure evolution during cyclic tests on EUROFER 97 at room temperature. TEM observation and modelling. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2012, Vol. 550, JUL, p. 103-111. ISSN 0921-5093. 22. Glasbrenner, J.K. ; Belashchenko, K.D. ; Kudrnovský, J. ; Drchal, V. ; Khmelevskyi, S. ; Turek, I. First-principles study of spin-disorder resistivity of heavy rare-earthmetals: Gd-Tm metals. Physical Review. B, 2012, Vol. 85, no. 21, 214405. ISSN 1098-0121. 23. Gröger, R. ; Vitek, V. Constrained nudged elastic band calculation of the Peierls barrier with atomic relaxations. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2012, Vol. 20, no. 3, 035019. ISSN 0965-0393. 24. Hadraba, H. ; Drdlík, D. ; Chlup, Z. ; Maca, K. ; Dlouhý, I. ; Cihlář, J. Laminated alumina/ zirconia ceramic composites prepared by electrophoretic. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2012, Vol. 32, no. 9, p. 2053-2056. ISSN 0955-2219. 25. Halasová, M. ; Chlup, Z. ; Strachota, A. ; Černý, M. ; Dlouhý, I. Mechanical response of novel SiOC glasses to high temperature exposition. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2012, Vol. 32, no. 16, p. 4489-4495. ISSN 0955-2219. 26. Homolová, V. ; Kroupa, A. ; Výrostková, A. Calculation of Fe-B-V ternary phase diagram. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2012, Vol. 520, p. 30-35. ISSN 0925-8388.

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27. Chlup, Z. ; Hadraba, H. ; Slabáková, L. ; Drdlík, D. ; Dlouhý, I. Fracture behaviour of alumina and zirconia thin layered laminate. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2012, Vol. 32, no. 9, p. 2057-2061. ISSN 0955-2219. 28. Káňa, T. ; Šob, M. Mechanical and magnetic properties of Mn-Pt compounds and nanocomposites. Physical Review. B, 2012, Vol. 85, no. 21, 214438/1-214438/9. ISSN 10980121.

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29. Khan, A.U. ; Buršík, J. ; Rogl, P. Phase relations and crystal structures in the system Ta-V -Ge. Dalton Transactions, 2012, Vol. 41, no. 20, p. 6206-6214. ISSN 1477-9226. 30. Khan, A.U. ; Brož, P. ; Niu, H.Y. ; Buršík, J. ; Grytsiv, A. ; Chen, X.-Q. ; Giester, G. ; Rogl, P. The system Ta-V-Si: Crystal structure and phase equilibria. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2012, Vol. 187, p. 114-123. ISSN 0022-4596. 31. Korbel, J. ; Zant, N. ; Klusák, J. ; Knésl, Z. Fracture analysis of epoxy-aluminum spacers exposed to pressure loads. Computational Materials Science, 2012, Vol. 64, p. 244-247. ISSN 0927-0256.

publications

36. Kroupa, A. ; Dinsdale, A. ; Watson, A. ; Vřešťál, J. ; Zemanová, A. ; Brož, P. The thermodynamic database COST MP0602 for materials for high-temperature lead-free soldering. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy, 2012, Vol. 48, no. 3, p. 339-346. ISSN 1450-5339. 37. Kuběna, I. ; Fournier, B. ; Kruml, T. Effect of microstructure on low cycle fatigue properties of ODS steels. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2012, Vol. 424, no. 1-3, p. 101-108. ISSN 0022-3115. 38. Kunz, L. ; Lukáš, P. ; Konečná, R. ; Fintová, S. Casting defects and high temperature fatigue life of IN 713LC superalloy. International Journal of Fatigue, 2012, Vol. 41, p. 47-51. ISSN 0142-1123. 39. Kunz, L. ; Lukáš, P. ; Klusák, J. Fatigue Strength of Weathering Steel. Materials Science, 2012, Vol. 18, no. 1, p. 18-22. ISSN 1392-1320. 40. Kurumlu, D. ; Payton, E. J. ; Somsen, Ch. ; Dlouhý, A. ; Eggeler, G. On the presence of work-hardened zones around fibers in a short-fiber-reinforced Al metal matrix composite. Acta Materialia, 2012, Vol. 60, no. 17, p. 6051-6064. ISSN 1359-6454.

32. Král, P. ; Dvořák, J. ; Šedá, P. ; Jäger, A. ; Sklenička, V. Creep in Al single crystal processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2012, Vol. 31, no. 2, p. 138-144. ISSN 1606-5131.

41. Lukáš, P. ; Kunz, L. ; Navrátilová, L. Initiation of fatigue cracks in ultrafine-grained copper. Kovové materiály, 2012, Vol. 50, no. 6, p. 407-419. ISSN 0023-432X.

33. Král, P. ; Svoboda, M. ; Dvořák, J. ; Kvapilová, M. ; Sklenička, V. Microstructure mechanisms governing the creep life of ultrafine-grained Cu-0.2wt.%Zr Alloy. Acta Physica Polonica. A, 2012, Vol. 122, no. 3, p. 457-460. ISSN 0587-4246.

42. Man, J. ; Vystavěl, T. ; Weidner, A. ; Kuběna, I. ; Petrenec, M. ; Kruml, T. ; Polák, J. Study of cyclic strain localization and fatigue crack initiation using FIB technique. InternationalJournal of Fatigue, 2012, Vol. 39, p. 44-53. ISSN 0142-1123.

34. Kratochvíl, P. ; Dobeš, F. ; Pešička, J. ; Málek, P. ; Buršík, J. ; Vodičková, V. ; Hanus, P. Microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of Zr-alloyed Fe3Al-type aluminides: The effect of carbon. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2012, Vol. 548, p. 175-182. ISSN 0921-5093.

43. Manchuraju, S. ; Kroeger, A. ; Somsen, C. ; Dlouhý, A. ; Eggeler, G. ; Sarosi, P. M. ; Anderson, P. M. ; Mills, M. J. Pseudoelastic deformation and size effects during in situ transmission electron microscopy tensile testing of NiTi. Acta Materialia, 2012, Vol. 60, no. 6-7, p. 2770-2777. ISSN 1359-6454.

35. Kroupa, A. ; Andersson, D. ; Hoo, N. ; Pearce, J. ; Watson, A. ; Dinsdale, A. ; Mucklejohn, S. Current problems and possible solutions in high-temperature lead-free soldering. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2012, Vol. 21, no. 5, p. 629-637. ISSN 10599495.

44. Meduňa, M. ; Růžička, J. ; Caha, O. ; Buršík, J. ; Svoboda, M. Precipitation in silicon wafers after high temperature preanneal studied by X-ray diffraction methods. Physica. B, 2012, Vol. 407, no. 15, p. 3002-3005. ISSN 0921-4526.

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45. Meduňa, M. ; Caha, O. ; Buršík, J. Studies of influence of high temperature preannealing on oxygen precipitation in CZ Si wafers. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2012, Vol. 348, no. 1, p. 53-59. ISSN 0022-0248.

55. Polák, J. ; Petrenec, M. ; Man, .J ; Obrtlík, K. Initiation and short crack growth in austenitic–ferritic duplex steel-effect of positive mean stress. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 2012, Vol. 35, no. 3, p. 257-268. ISSN 8756-758X.

46. Milcheva, N. ; Brož, P. ; Buršík, J. ; Vassilev, G.P. Thermochemical and phase diagram studies of the Bi-Ni-Sn system. Thermochimica Acta, 2012, Vol. 534, p. 41-50. ISSN 0040-6031.

56. Sklenička, V. ; Dvořák, J. ; Král, P. ; Svoboda, M. ; Kvapilová, M. ; Kopylov, V.I. ; Nikulin, S. A. ; Dobatkin, S.V. Creep Behaviour of a Zirconium Alloy Processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing. Acta Physica Polonica. A, 2012, Vol. 122, no. 3, p. 485-489. ISSN 05874246.

47. Minić, D. M. ; Blagojević, V. ; Maričić, A. ; Žák, T. ; Minić, D. M. Influence of structural transformations on functional properties of Fe75Ni2Si8B13C2 amorphous alloy. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2012, Vol. 134, no. 1, p. 111-115. ISSN 0254-0584. 48. Minić, D. M. ; Blagojević, V. ; David, B. ; Pizúrová, N. ; Žák, T. ; Minić, D. M. Influence of thermal treatment on microstructure of Fe75Ni2Si8B13C2 amorphous alloy. Intermetallics, 2012, Vol. 25, no. 1, p. 75-79. ISSN 0966-9795. 49. Mishra, R. ; Zemanová, A. ; Kroupa, A. ; Flandorfer, H. ; Ipser, H. Synthesis and characterization of Sn-rich Ni-Sb-Sn nanosolders. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2012, Vol. 513, p. 224-229. ISSN 0925-8388. 50. Mishra, R. ; Kroupa, A. ; Terzieff, P. ; Ipser, H. Thermochemistry of liquid Ni–Sb–Sn alloys. Thermochimica Acta, 2012, Vol. 536, p. 68-73. ISSN 0040-6031. 51. Náhlík, L. ; Hutař, P. ; Dušková, M. ; Dušek, K. ; Máša, B. Estimation of the macroscopic stress-strain curve of a particulate composite with a crosslinked polymer matrix. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2012, Vol. 47, no. 6, p. 627-634. ISSN 0191-5665. 52. Obrtlík, K. ; Pospíšilová, S. ; Juliš, M. ; Podrábský, T. ; Polák, J. Fatigue behaviour of coated and uncoated cast Inconel 713LC at 800 °C. International Journal of Fatigue, 2012, Vol. 41, no. 1, p. 101-106. ISSN 0142-1123. 53. Pavlů, J. ; Šob, M. Ab initio study of C14 Laves phases in Fe-based systems. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy, 2012, Vol. 48, no. 3, p. 395-401. ISSN 14505339. 54. Polák, J. ; Man, J. ; Petrenec, M. ; Tobiáš, J. Fatigue behaviour of ferritic–pearlitic–bainitic steel in loading with positive mean stress. International Journal of Fatigue, 2012, Vol. 39, p. 103-108. ISSN 0142-1123.

57. Sklenička, V. ; Dvořák, J. ; Král, P. ; Svoboda, M. ; Kvapilová, M. ; Langdon, T. G. Factors influencing creep flow and ductility in ultrafine-grained metals. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2012, Vol. 558, p. 403-411. ISSN 0921-5093. 58. Smetana, B. ; Zlá, S. ; Kroupa, A. ; Žaludová, M. ; Drápala, J. ; Burkovič, R. ; Petlák, D. Phase transition temperatures of Sn-Zn-Al system and their comparison with calculated phase diagrams. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2012, Vol. 110, no. 1, p. 369378. ISSN 1388-6150. 59. Sopoušek, J. ; Vřešťál, J. ; Zemanová, A. ; Buršík, J. Phase diagram prediction and particle characterisation of Sn-Ag nano alloy for low melting point lead-free solders. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy, 2012, Vol. 48, no. 3, p. 419-425. ISSN 14505339. 60. Sopoušek, J. ; Buršík, J. ; Zálešák, J. ; Pešina, Z. Silver nanoparticles sintering at low temperature on a copper substrate: In situ characterisation under inert atmosphere and air. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy, 2012, Vol. 48, no. 1, p. 63-71. ISSN 14505339. 61. Souček, P. ; Schmidtová, T. ; Zábranský, L. ; Buršíková, V. ; Vašina, P. ; Caha, O. ; Jílek, M.; Abdelazziz, El Mel. ; Tessier, P.Y. ; Schäfer, J. ; Buršík, J. ; Peřina, V. ; Mikšová, R. Evaluation of composition, mechanical properties and structure of nc-TiC/a-C:H coatings prepared by balanced magnetron sputtering. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2012, Vol. 211, p. 111116. ISSN 0257-8972. 62. Stajčić, A. ; Stajić-Trošić, J. ; Grujić, A. ; Stijepović, M. ; Lazić, N. ; Žák, T. ; Aleksić, R. Hybrid Nd–Fe–B/barium ferrite magnetic materials with epoxy matrix. Hemijska industrija, 2012, Vol. 66, no. 3, p. 301-308. ISSN 0367-598X.

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63. Strachota, A. ; Černý, M. ; Chlup, Z. ; Šlouf, M. ; Hromádková, J. ; Pleštil, J. ; Šandová, H. ; Glogar, P. ; Sucharda, Z. ; Havelcová, M. ; Schweigstillová, J. ; Dlouhý, I. ; Kozák, V. Optimization of sol-gel/pyrolysis routes to silicon oxycarbide glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2012, Vol. 358, no. 20, p. 2771-2782. ISSN 0022-3093.

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64. Svoboda, J. ; Fischer, F. D. ; McDowell, D.L. Derivation of the phase field equations from the thermodynamic extremal principle. Acta Materialia, 2012, Vol. 60, no. 1, p. 396-406. ISSN 1359-6454. 65. Svoboda, J. ; Fischer, F. D. ; Abart, R. Modeling the role of sources and sinks for vacancies on the kinetics of diffusive phase transformation in binary systems with several stoichiometric phases. Philosophical Magazine Letters, 2012, Vol. 92, no. 2, p. 67-76. ISSN 0950-0839. 66. Svoboda, J. ; Fischer, F. D. Modelling for hydrogen diffusion in metals with traps revisited. Acta Materialia, 2012, Vol. 60, no. 3, p. 1211-1220. ISSN 1359-6454. 67. Sýkora, R. ; Turek, I. Transport properties of Fe/GaAs/Ag(001) system. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2012, Vol. 12, no. 9, p. 7554-7557. ISSN 1533-4880. 68. Sýkora, R. ; Turek, I. Tunnelling anisotropic magnetoresistance of Fe/GaAs/Ag(001) junctions from first principles: effect of hybridized interface resonances. Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 2012, Vol. 24, no. 36, p. 365801/1-365801/10. ISSN 0953-8984. 69. Ševčík, M. ; Hutař, P. ; Knésl, Z. ; Náhlík, L. ; Zouhar, M. Estimation of the critical configuration of a crack arrested at the interface between two materials. Computational Materials Science, 2012, Vol. 64, p. 225-228. ISSN 0927-0256. 70. Ševčík, M. ; Hutař, P.; Zouhar, M. ; Náhlík, L. Numerical estimation of the fatigue crack front shape for a specimen with finite thickness. International Journal of Fatigue, 2012, Vol. 39, č. 1, p. 75-80. ISSN 0142-1123. 71. Šupová, M. ; Svítilová, J. ; Chlup, Z. ; Černý, M. ; Weishauptová, Z. ; Suchý, T. ; Machovič, V. ; Sucharda, Z. ; Žaloudková, M. Relation between mechanical properties and pyrolysis temperature of phenol formaldehyde resin for gas separation membranes. Ceramics - Silikáty, 2012, Vol. 56, no. 1, p. 40-49. ISSN 0862-5468. 72. Turek, I. ; Kudrnovský, J. ; Drchal, V. Ab initio theory of galvanomagnetic phenomena

publications

in ferromagnetic metals and disordered alloys. Physical Review. B, 2012, Vol. 86, no. 1, 014405. ISSN 1098-0121. 73. Turek, I. ; Kudrnovský, J. ; Carva, K. Magnetic anisotropy energy of disordered tetragonal Fe-Co systems from ab initio alloy theory. Physical Review. B, 2012, Vol. 86, no. 17, p. 174430. ISSN 1098-0121. 74. Záležák, T. ; Dlouhý, A. 3D Discrete dislocation dynamics applied to interactions between dislocation walls and particles. Acta Physica Polonica. A, 2012, Vol. 122, no. 3, p. 450-452. ISSN 0587-4246. 75. Zemanová, A. ; Kroupa, A. ; Dinsdale, A. Theoretical assessment of the Ni-Sn system. Monatshefte fur Chemie, 2012, Vol. 143, no. 9, p. 1255-1261. ISSN 0026-9247. 76. Zábranský, L. ; Buršíková, V. ; Buršík, J. ; Vašina, P. ; Souček, P. ; Caha, O. ; Jílek, M. ; Peřina, V. Study of the indentation response of nanocomposite n-TiC/a-C:H coatings. Chemické listy, 2012, Vol. 106, p. 1508-1511. ISSN 0009-2770. 77. Žák, T. ; Ćosović, V. ; Ćosović, A. ; David, B. ; Talijan, N. ; Živoković, D. Formation of magnetic microstructure of the nanosized NiFe2O4 synthesized via solid-state reaction. Science of Sintering, 2012, Vol. 44, no. 1, p. 103-112. ISSN 0350-820X. 78. Životský, O. ; Jirásková, Y. ; Hendrych, A. ; Matějka, V. ; Klimša, L. ; Buršík, J. Influence of annealing temperature and atmosphere on surface microstructure and magnetism in FINEMET-type FeSiNbCuB ribbons. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2012, Vol. 48, no. 4, p. 1367-1370. ISSN 0018-9464. 79. Životský, O. ; Hendrych, A. ; Klimša, L. ; Jirásková, Y. ; Buršík, J. ; Gomez, J.A.M. ; Janičkovič, D. Surface microstructure and magnetic behaviour in FeSiB amorphous ribbons from magneto-optical Kerr effect. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2012, Vol. 324, no. 4, p. 569-577. ISSN 0304-8853.

Chapters in Books

1. Borzone, G. ; Delsante, S. ; Li, D. ; Yuan, Y. ; Zanicchi, G. ; Novakovic, R. ; Giuranno, D. ; Ricci, E. ; Watson, A. ; Ipser, H. ; Flandorfer, H. ; Schmetterer, C. ; Hindler, M. ; Mikula, A. ; Fürtauer, S. ; Rechchachb, M. ; Elmahfoudi, A. ; Mishra, R. ; Kroupa, A. ; Zemanová, A. ;

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Bencze, L. ; Fitzner, K. ; Onderka, B. ; Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik, D. ; Lapsa, J. ; Gierlotka, W. ; Plevachuk, Y. ; Kaban, I. ; Romanowska, J. GP2 - Sb-Sn-X alloy systems for high-temperature soldering applications. In Kroupa, A. (ed.). Handbook of High-temperature Lead-free Solders: Group Project Reports. Brno : COST office, 2012. p. 25-58. ISBN 978-80-905363-3-3.

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2. Brož, P. ; Živković, D. ; Medved, J. ; Talijan, N. ; Manasijević, D. ; Klančnik, G. ; Buršík, J. GP6 - Experimental and theoretical study of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in ternary Al-Zn-X alloys. In Kroupa, A. (ed.). Handbook of High-temperature Lead-free Solders: Group Project Reports. Brno : COST office, 2012. p. 193-214. ISBN 978-80-9053633-3. 3. Dinsdale, A. ; Kroupa, A. ; Zemanová, A. ; Ipser, H. ; Schmetterer, C. ; Flandorfer, H. ; Richter, K. W. ; Luef, C. ; Ganesan, R. ; Borzone, G. ; Delsante, S. ; Gourlay, C. ; Pasturel, A. ; Watson, A. ; Fries, S. GP4 - Thermodynamics and phase equilibria in the Ag-Cu-Ni -P-Sn system. In Kroupa, A. (ed.). Handbook of High-temperature Lead-free Solders: Group Project Reports. Brno : COST office, 2012. p. 87-108. ISBN 978-80-905363-3-3. 4. Dinsdale, A. ; Watson, A. ; Kroupa, A. ; Vřešťál, J. ; Zemanová, A. ; Brož, P. Phase diagrams and alloy development. In Lead-free Solders: Materials Reliability for Electronics. Chichester : Wiley, 2012. p. 48-72. ISBN 978-0470971826. 5. Fischer, F. D. ; Svoboda, J. Evolution equations for grain growth and coarsening. In Claes, Arthur L. (ed.). Evolution equations. New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2012. p. 6-59. ISBN 978-1-61209-652-0. 6. Kunz, L. Mechanical properties of copper processed by severe plastic deformation. In Collini, L. (ed.). Copper Alloys - Early Applications and Current Performance-Enhancing Processes. Rijeka : InTech, 2012. p. 93-126. ISBN 978-953-51-0160-4. 7. Moelans, N. ; Botsis, J. ; Čička, R. ; Cugnoni, J. ; Durga, A. ; Danielewski, M. ; Drápala, J. ; Drienovský, M. ; Guan, Y. ; Harcuba, P. ; Janczak-Rusch, J. ; Janovec, J. ; Kodentsov, A.A. ; Kroupa, A. ; Kubíček, P. ; Kudyba, A. ; Maleki, M. ; Novakovic, R. ; Nowak, R. ; Ožvold, M. ; Pawelkiewicz, M. ; Pietrzak, K. ; Pocisková Dimová, K. ; Rízeková Trnková, L. ; Scheller, M. ; Sienicki, E. ; Sobczak, N. ; Sosnowska, K. K. ; Toporek, G. ; Vodárek, V. ; Zemanová, A. ; Zolliker, P. GP5- Modeling and experimental investigation of the microstructural changes in the interdiffusion zone of leadfree solder joints. In Kroupa, A. (ed.). Handbook of Hightemperature Lead-free Solders: Group Project Reports. Brno : COST office, 2012. p. 109-180. ISBN 978-80-905363-3-3.

publications

8. Mucklejohn, S.A. ; Toth, Z. ; Andersson, D. R. ; Watson, A. ; Hoo, N. ; Kroupa, A. ; Kodentsov, A.A. ; Plotog, I. GP1 - Protocols for the evaluation of alloys to be used as replacements for high temperature Pb-containing solders in products and industrial processes (GP8). In Kroupa, A. (ed.). Handbook of High-temperature Lead-free Solders: Group Project Reports. Brno : COST office, 2012. p. 5-24. ISBN 978-80-905363-3-3. 9. Náhlík, L. ; Máša, B. ; Hutař, P. Macroscopic behaviour and damage of a particulate composite with a crosslinked polymer matrix. In Öchsner, A. (ed.). Mechanics and Properties of Composed Materials and Structures. Berlin : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. p. 117128. ISBN 978-3-642-31496-4. 10. Sklenička, V. ; Dvořák, J. ; Svoboda, M. ; Král, P. ; Kvapilová, M. Equal-channel angular pressing and creep in ultrafine-grained aluminium and its alloys. In Zaki, Ahmad (ed.). Aluminium Alloys - New Trends in Fabrication and Applications. Rijeka : InTech, 2012. p. 3-45. ISBN 978-953-51-0861-0. 11. Vassilev, G.P. ; Romanowska, J. ; Soares, D. F. ; Docheva, P. I. ; Miettinen, J. ; Šebo, P. ; Tedenac, J. - C. ,; Brož, P. ; Gandova, V.D. ; Milcheva, N. ; Lilova, K. ; Wnuk, G. ; Buršík, J. ; Živković, D. GP3 -Design, process and control in a multiscale domain of Cu-Ni-X-Y (X, Y=Sn, Bi, Zn, Ti) based alloys. In Kroupa, A. (ed.). Handbook of High-temperature Lead-free Solders: Group Project Reports. Brno : COST office, 2012. p. 59-86. ISBN 978-80-9053633-3. 12. Villain, J. ; Klima, S. ; Corradi, U. ; Weippert, C. ; Svetly, A. ; Drápala, J. ; Smetana, B. ; Zlá, S. ; Vodárek, V. ; Lasek, S. ; Petlák, D. ; Konečná, K. ; Kostiuková, G. ; Sidorov, V.E. ; Kroupa, A. ; Ipser, H. ; Sobczak, N. ; Kudyba, A. GP8 - Experimental and theoretical study of the Al-Sn-Zn system. In Kroupa, A. (ed.). Handbook of High-temperature Lead-free Solders: Group Project Reports. Brno : COST office, 2012. p. 243-280. ISBN 978-80-905363-3-3.

Books

1. Dinsdale, A. ; Kroupa, A. ; Watson, A. ; Vřešťál, J. ; Zemanová, A. ; Brož, P. Handbook of High-Temperature Lead-Free Solders: Atlas of Phase Diagrams. Brno : COST office, 2012. 218 s. (COST MP0602, High-Temperature Lead-Free Solders : Volume 1). ISBN 978-80905363-1-9.

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list of OF PUBLICATIONS 2013 Articles in Academic Journals

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1. Appel, F. ; Herrmann, D. ; Fischer, F. D. ; Svoboda, J. ; Kozeschnik, E. Role of vacancies in work hardening and fatigue of TiAl alloys. International Journal of Plasticity, 2013, Vol. 42, MAR, p. 83-100. ISSN 0749-6419. 2. Brož, P. ; Khan, A.U. ; Niu, H. ; Chen, X.-Q. ; Li, D. ; Vřešťál, J. ; Buršík, J. ; Rogl, P. The system Ta–V–Si: Thermodynamic modelling. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2013, Vol. 199, MAR, p. 171-180. ISSN 0022-4596. 3. Čermák, J. ; Král, L. Beneficial effect of carbon on hydrogen desorption kinetics from Mg– Ni–In alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, Vol. 546, JAN, p. 129-137. ISSN 09258388. 4. Černý, M. ; Šesták, P. ; Pokluda, J. ; Šob, M. Shear instabilities in perfect bcc crystals during simulated tensile tests. Physical Review. B, 2013, Vol. 87, no. 1, 014117/1-014117/4. ISSN 1098-0121. 5. Černý, M. ; Strachota, A. ; Chlup, Z. ; Sucharda, Z. ; Žaloudková, M. ; Glogar, P. ; Kuběna, I. Strength, elasticity and failure of composites with pyrolyzed matrices based on polymethylsiloxane resins with optimized ratio of D and T components. Journal of Composite Materials, 2013, Vol. 47, no. 8, p. 1055-1066. ISSN 0021-9983. 6. Cihlář, J. ; Drdlík, D. ; Cihlářová, Z. ; Hadraba, H. Effect of acids and bases on electrophoretic deposition of alumina and zirconia particles in 2-propanol. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2013, Vol. 33, no. 10, p. 1885-1892. ISSN 0955-2219. 7. Ćosović, A. ; Ćosović, B. ; Žák, T. ; David, B. ; Talijan, N. Structure and properties of nanosize NiFe2O4 prepared by template and precipitation methods. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy, 2013, Vol. 49, no. 3, p. 271-277. ISSN 1450-5339. 8. Dobeš, F. ; Kratochvíl, P. The effect of Zr addition on creep of Fe-30 at.% Al alloys. Intermetallics, 2013, Vol. 43, DEC, p. 142-146. ISSN 0966-9795.

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9. Dvořák, J. ; Sklenička, V. ; Betekhtin, V. I. ; Kadomtsev, A. G. ; Král, P. ; Kvapilová, M. ; Svoboda, M. The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on creep behaviour of pure Al and a Cu-0.2 wt% Zr alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2013, Vol. 584, NOV, p. 103-113. ISSN 0921-5093.

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10. Fischer, F. D. ; Svoboda, J. ; Kozeschnik, E. Interstitial diffusion in systems with multiple sorts of traps. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2013, Vol. 21, no. 2, Art. No. 025008. ISSN 0965-0393. 11. Fischer, F. D. ; Mori, G. ; Svoboda, J. Modelling the influence of trapping on hydrogen permeation in metals. Corrosion Science, 2013, Vol. 76, NOV, p. 382-389. ISSN 0010-938X. 12. Gröger, R. ; Vitek, V. Stress dependence of the Peierls barrier of 1/2111 screw dislocations in BCC metals. Acta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 61, no. 17, p. 6362-6371. ISSN 1359-6454. 13. Hackl, K. ; Fischer, F. D. ; Klevakina, K. ; Renner, J. ; Svoboda, J. A variational approach to grooving and wetting. Acta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 61, no. 5, p. 1581-1591. ISSN 13596454. 14. Hadraba, H. ; Drdlík, D. ; Chlup, Z. ; Maca, K. ; Dlouhý, I. ; Cihlář, J. Layered ceramic composites via control of electrophoretic deposition kinetics. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2013, Vol. 33, no. 12, p. 2305-2312. ISSN 0955-2219. 15. Hemzalová, P. ; Friák, M. ; Šob, M. ; Ma, D. ; Udyansky, A. ; Raabe, D. ; Neugebauer, J. Ab initio study of thermodynamic, electronic, magnetic, structural, and elastic properties of Ni4N allotropes. Physical Review. B, 2013, Vol. 88, no. 17, Art. no. 174103. ISSN 10980121. 16. Homolová, V. ; Výrostková, A. ; Čiripová, L. ; Kroupa, A. Phase analysis of Fe-B-V system. Kovové materiály, 2013, Vol. 51, no. 2, p. 135-139. ISSN 0023-432X. 17. Hutař, P. ; Zouhar, M. ; Náhlík, L. ; Ševčík, M. ; Máša, B. Multilayer polymer pipes failure assessment based on a fracture mechanics approach. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2013, Vol. 33, OCT, p. 151-162. ISSN 1350-6307. 18. Hutař, P. ; Ševčík, M. ; Frank, A. ; Náhlík, L. ; Kučera, J. ; Pinter, G. The effect of residual stress on polymer pipe lifetime. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2013, Vol. 108, p. 98-108.

publications

ISSN 0013-7944. 19. Jacome, L. A. ; Nortershauser, P. ; Heyer, J. K. ; Lahni, A. ; Frenzel, J. ; Dlouhý, A. ; Somsen, C. ; Eggeler, G. High-temperature and low-stress creep anisotropy of single-crystal superalloys. Acta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 61, no. 8, p. 2926-2943. ISSN 1359-6454. 20. Jirásková, Y. ; Buršík, J. ; Turek, I. Nanostructure, composition, and magnetic behaviour of mechanically alloyed Fe-Mo. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2013, Vol. 26, no. 5, p. 1717-1721. ISSN 1557-1939. 21. Jirásková, Y. ; Buršík, J. ; Čížek, J. ; Jančík, D. Solid-state reactions during mechanical milling of Fe-Al under nitrogen atmosphere. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, Vol. 568, AUG, p. 106-111. ISSN 0925-8388. 22. Jirásková, Y. ; Hendrych, A. ; Životský, O. ; Buršík, J. ; Žák, T. ; Procházka, I. ; Janičkovič, D. Surface magneto-optical and Mössbauer observations of Fe-Al. Applied Surface Science, 2013, Vol. 276, JUL 1, p. 68-75. ISSN 0169-4332. 23. Klusák, J. ; Profant, T. ; Knésl, Z. ; Kotoul, M. The influence of discontinuity and orthotropy of fracture toughness on conditions of fracture initiation in singular stress concentrators. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2013, Vol. 110, SEP, p. 438-447. ISSN 0013-7944. 24. Král, P. ; Dvořák, J. ; Zherebtsov, S. ; Salishchev, G. ; Kvapilová, M. ; Sklenička, V. Effect of severe plastic deformation on creep behaviour of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Journal of Materials Science, 2013, Vol. 48, no. 13, p. 4789-4795. ISSN 0022-2461. 25. Kroupa, A. Modelling of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties using Calphad method – Development of thermodynamic databases. Computational Materials Science, 2013, Vol. 66, JAN, p. 3-13. ISSN 0927-0256. 26. Kruml, T. ; Martin, J. L. Dislocation densities and internal stress in Ni3Al. Philosophical Magazine, 2013, Vol. 93, 1-3, p. 50-59. ISSN 1478-6435. 27. Kuběna, I. ; Kruml, T. Fatigue life and microstructure of ODS steels. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2013, Vol. 103, p. 39-47. ISSN 0013-7944.

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28. Kuběnová, M. ; Zálešák, J. ; Čermák, J. ; Dlouhý, A. Impact of hydrogen-assisted heat treatments on microstructure and transformation path in a Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, Vol. 577, Suppl. 1, S287-S290. ISSN 0925-8388.

37. Nezbedová, E. ; Hutař, P. ; Zouhar, M. ; Knésl, Z. ; Sadílek, J. ; Náhlík, L. The applicability of the Pennsylvania Notch Test for a new generation of PE pipe grades. Polymer Testing, 2013, Vol. 32, no. 1, p. 106-114. ISSN 0142-9418.

29. Kudrnovský, J. ; Drchal, V. ; Turek, I. Anomalous Hall effect in stoichiometric Heusler alloys with native disorder: A first-principles study. Physical Review. B, 2013, Vol. 88, no. 1, "014422-1"-"014422-8". ISSN 1098-0121.

38. Onorbe, E. ; Garcés, G. ; Dobeš, F. ; Pérez, P. ; Adeva, P. High-temperature mechanical behaviour of extruded Mg-Y-Zn alloy containing LPSO Phases. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2013, 44A, no. 6, p. 2869-2883. ISSN 1073-5623.

30. Kudrnovský, J. ; Drchal, V. ; Turek, I. Magnetotransport in Pd-rich PdFe alloys. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2013, Vol. 26, no. 5, p. 1749-1752. ISSN 15571939.

39. Otto, F. ; Dlouhý, A. ; Somsen, C. ; Bei, H. ; Eggeler, G. ; George, E.P. The influences of temperature and microstructure on the tensile properties of a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy. Acta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 61, no. 15, p. 5743-5755. ISSN 1359-6454.

31. Lach, R. ; Hutař, P. ; Veselý, P. ; Nezbedová, E. ; Knésl, Z. ; Koch, T. ; Bierogel, C. ; Grellmann, W. Assessment with indentation techniques of the local mechanical behaviour of joints in polymer parts. Polimery, 2013, Vol. 58, p. 900-905. ISSN 0032-2725.

40. Pfetzing-Micklich, J. ; Somsen, C. ; Dlouhý, A. ; Begau, C. ; Hartmaier, A. ; Wagner, M. F. X. ; Eggeler, G. On the crystallographic anisotropy of nanoindentation in pseudoelastic NiTi. Acta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 61, p. 602-616. ISSN 1359-6454.

32. Lejček, P. ; Šob, M. ; Paidar, V. ; Vítek, V. Why calculated energies of grain boundary segregation are unreliable when segregant solubility is low. Scripta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 68, no. 6, p. 547-550. ISSN 1359-6462.

41. Polák, J. ; Kuběna, I. ; Man, J. The shape of early persistent slip markings in fatigued 316L steel. Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural materials, 2013, Vol. 564, p. 8-12. ISSN 0921-5093.

33. Majer, Z. ; Hutař, P. ; Náhlík, L. Determination of the effect of interphase on the fracture toughness and stiffness of a particulate polymer composite. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2013, Vol. 49, no. 5, p. 475-482. ISSN 0191-5665.

42. Porwal, H. ; Tatarko, P. ; Grasso, S. ; Khaliq, J. ; Dlouhý, I. ; Reece, M.J. Graphene reinforced alumina nano-composites. Carbon, 2013, Vol. 64, p. 359-369. ISSN 0008-6223.

34. Malik, Z. ; Grytsiv, A. ; Rogl, P. ; Giester, G. ; Buršík, J. Phase relations and structural features in the system Ni-Zn-B. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2013, Vol. 198, p. 150-161. ISSN 0022-4596.

43. Porwal, H. ; Tatarko, P. ; Grasso, S. ; Hu, C. ; Boccaccini, A. R. ; Dlouhý, I. ; Reece, M.J. Toughened and machinable glass matrix composites reinforced with graphene and graphene -oxide nano platelets. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2013, Vol. 14, no. 5, Art.N. 055007. ISSN 1468-6996.

35. Máša, B. ; Náhlík, L. ; Hutař, P. Particulate Composite Materials: Numerical modeling of a cross-linked polymer reinforced with alumina-based particles. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2013, Vol. 49, no. 4, p. 421-428. ISSN 0191-5665.

44. Profant, T. ; Klusák, J. ; Ševeček, O. ; Hrstka, M. ; Kotoul, M. An energetic criterion for a micro-crack of finite length initiated in orthotropic bi-material notches. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2013, Vol. 110, p. 396-409. ISSN 0013-7944.

36. Mishra, R. ; Kroupa, A. ; Zemanová, A. ; Ipser, H. Phase equilibria in the Sn-rich corner of the Ni-Sb-Sn system. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2013, Vol. 42, no. 4, p. 646-653. ISSN 0361-5235.

45. Řehořek, L. ; Chlup, Z. ; Meng, D. ; Yunos, D. M. ; Boccaccini, A. R. ; Dlouhý, I. Response of 45S5 bioglasss foams to tensile loading. Ceramics International, 2013, Vol. 39, no. 7, p. 8015-8020. ISSN 0272-8842.

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46. Rothová, V. A simple measurement of the Ni-63 diffusion profiles by residual activity method using a liquid scintillation counter. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A, 2013, Vol. 729, p. 702-706. ISSN 0168-9002. 47. Saada, G. ; Kruml, T. Removal of plastic instabilities by reversal of the applied stress. Philosophical Magazine, 2013, Vol. 93, 1-3, p. 256-271. ISSN 1478-6435.

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48. Schmetterer, C. ; Zemanová, A. ; Flandorfer, H. ; Kroupa, A. ; Ipser, H. Phase equilibria in the ternary In–Ni–Sn system at 700 °C. Intermetallics, 2013, Vol. 35, p. 90-97. ISSN 0966-9795. 49. Šedivý, O. ; Beneš, V. ; Ponížil, P. ; Král, P. ; Sklenička, V. Quantitative characterization of microstructure of pure copper processed by ECAP. Image Analysis and Stereology, 2013, Vol. 32, no. 2, p. 65-75. ISSN 1580-3139. 50. Seemuller, C. ; Heilmaier, M. ; Haenschke, T. ; Bei, H. ; Dlouhý, A. ; George, E.P. Influence of fiber alignment on creep in directionally solidified NiAl-10Mo in-situ composites. Intermetallics, 2013, Vol. 35, p. 110-115. ISSN 0966-9795. 51. Ševčík, M. ; Hutař, P. ; Náhlík, L. ; Seitl, S. The effect of constraint level on a crack path. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2013, Vol. 29, p. 83-92. ISSN 1350-6307. 52. Sklenička, V. ; Kuchařová, K. ; Kvapilová, M. ; Svoboda, M. ; Král, P. ; Vidrich, G. Creep in an electrodeposited nickel. Journal of Materials Science, 2013, Vol. 48, no. 13, p. 4780-4788. ISSN 0022-2461. 53. Slámečka, K. ; Pokluda, J. ; Kianicová, M. ; Horníková, J. ; Obrtlík, K. Fatigue life of cast Inconel 713LC with/without protective diffusion coating under bending, torsion and their combination. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2013, Vol. 110, p. 459-467. ISSN 0013-7944. 54. Stanisavljevic, M. ; Janů, L. ; Šmerková, K. ; Křížková, S. ; Pizúrová, N. ; Ryvolová, M. ; Adam, V. ; Hubálek, J. ; Kizek, R. Study of streptavidin-modified quantum dots by capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia, 2013, Vol. 76, p. 335-343. ISSN 0009-5893. 55. Svoboda, J. ; Fischer, F. D. A new computational treatment of reactive diffusion in binary systems. Computational Materials Science, 2013, Vol. 78, p. 39-46. ISSN 0927-0256.

publications

56. Svoboda, J. ; Shan, Y. V. ; Kozeschnik, E. ; Fischer, F. D. Determination of depths of traps for interstitials from thermodynamic data: a new view on carbon trapping and diffusion. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 2013, Vol. 21, no. 6, Art. No. 065012. ISSN 0965-0393. 57. Svoboda, J. ; Fischer, F. D. ; Schillinger, W. Formation of multiple stoichiometric phases in binary systems by combined bulk and grain boundary diffusion: Experiments and model. Acta Materialia, 2013, Vol. 61, no. 1, p. 32-39. ISSN 1359-6454. 58. Tatarko, P. ; Kašiarová, M. ; Chlup, Z. ; Dusza, J. ; Šajgalík, P. ; Vavra, I. Influence of rare-earth oxide additives and SiC nanoparticles on the wear behaviour of Si3N4-based composites at temperatures up to 900 °C. Wear, 2013, Vol. 300, 1-2, p. 155-162. ISSN 0043-1648. 59. Turek, I. ; Kudrnovský, J. ; Carva, K. Anisotropy of magnetic moments and energy in tetragonal Fe-Co alloys from first principles. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2013, Vol. 26, no. 5, p. 1581-1584. ISSN 1557-1939. 60. Životský, O. ; Klimša, L. ; Hendrych, A. ; Jirásková, Y. ; Buršík, J. A new phenomenon on the surface of FINEMET alloy. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2013, Vol. 26, no. 4, p. 1349-1352. ISSN 1557-1939. 61. Životský, O. ; Titov, A. ; Jirásková, Y. ; Buršík, J. ; Kalbáčová, J. ; Janičkovič, D. ; Švec, P. Full -scale magnetic, microstructural, and physical properties of bilayered CoSiB/FeSiB ribbons. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, Vol. 581, p. 685-692. ISSN 0925-8388.

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4. COOPERATION WITH UNIVERSITIES

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COOPERATION WITH UNIVERSITIES

Cooperation with universities represented an integral part of Institute activities in 2012 -2013. This cooperation was realized at several levels. Employees of the Institute participated in the educational process itself while at the same time engaging postgraduate students to work independently on projects and to cooperate on primary and applied research projects. These projects also included increasing the standard of excellence at the CEITEC centre, and participating on boards and authorities of universities. The key partners for cooperation are the 3 faculties of Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Science of Masaryk University Brno, Technical University of Ostrava (namely the faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University in Prague and Palacký University Olomouc.

117 4.1. Scientific Cooperation Brno University of Technology (BUT) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Researchers of the Institute successfully completed the joint standard granted project GA CR P107/11/2065 targeted at protective diffusion coatings on cast nickel-based superalloys for high-temperature applications. Within this context, joint experimental works were performed and their results were published in 5 research papers in professional journals and in proceedings from international conferences. Fatigue crack initiation and crack length distribution were described in the course of cycling. Microscopic observations revealed fatigue degradation mechanisms both in surface treated and in untreated materials and helped to explain growth mechanisms of the main crack. In cooperation with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology and T. Profant from the Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, research in the field of fracture mechanics was performed. This was a collaboration within the grant GA CR P108 / 10/2049 - Crack initiation and propagation from interface-related singular stress concentrators. This cooperation has been very beneficial for both parties. In 2012, as part of the project, two articles were published in impact factor journals, and other articles were published in peer-reviewed journals. J. Klusák participated as a supervisor specialist of two doctoral students at FME BUT. One student's dissertation on J. Korbel was successfully defended at the beginning of 2012. The research carried out in cooperation between the Brittle Fracture group and Institute of Mechanics and Biomechanics, Faculty BUT analyzed cracks on bi-material interfaces. This analysis examined two structures first, the structures of the laminate type (ZrO2 and Al2O3) and second, the porous structures of bio-glass with open porosity coated by biocompatible coatings based on polyvinyl alcohol and composite coating consisting of PVA and cellulose with nanofibers. The experimentally obtained results revealed the value of the response of these materials to mechanical loading, especially in uniaxial tension, which allows access to the modelling of the behaviour of these structures. It also showed the role of coating in increasing the strength of the porous structure and its resistance to damage. This optimized structure can be utilized in bioengineering applications as a substitute for bone marrow, etc.

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Faculty of Civil Engineering

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Prof. Z. Kešner and Dr. V. Veselý of the Faculty of Civil Engineering BUT collaborated on two grant projects of the Czech Science Foundation. In the first project, No. P104/11/0833 – Response of cement based composites to fatigue loading: advanced numerical modelling and fatigue testing were performed on specimens made from cement based composites classes C30/37 and C45/55. Evaluation and practical interpretations were carried out. A numerical model of the Push out test with a bi-material interface (concrete/steel) was prepared to depict the test results. The influences of selected parameters were studied. In the second project, No. P105/11/1551 – Energetic and stress state aspects of quasi-brittle fracture – consequences for determination of fracture-mechanical parameters of silicate composites, the fracture process zone in front of a crack tip was studied by using multi-parameter fracture mechanics. The influence of boundary conditions, such as load, size and shape of specimen, was quantified. Masaryk University Brno (MU) Faculty of Science, Masaryk University and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Brno University of Technology During 2012-2013, research scientists from the group of Electric and Magnetic Properties at the IPM and students from the Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology conducted joint investigations on the research project No. P108/12/0311 „Strength, embrittlement and magnetism of clean and impurity-segregated grain boundaries in metallic materials“ funded by the Czech Science Foundation. Both Master‘s and Ph.D. students participated. Thanks to their active collaboration with reputable scientists, they were involved in topical scientific work. The members and students of the Faculty of Science of the Masaryk University participated in the international COST Action MP0903 “Nanoalloys as Advanced Materials: From Structure to Properties and Applications”. Researchers from the IPM participate in this event as well, within the context of the national project “Theoretical and experimental study of the phase diagrams of nanomaterials”. There was intensive cooperation between both research teams. Based on this cooperation, many joint papers have been published in leading scientific journals. Obtained results were also presented by invitation in lectures at renowned international conferences and though other conference contributions and in lectures at foreign scientific institutions and universities. Institute of Chemistry MU The group headed by Dr. A. Kroupa has a long-term cooperation with the scientists from the Institute of Chemistry of the Masaryk University in Brno (prof. J. Vřešťál, prof. M. Šob, doc. P. Brož, doc. J. Sopoušek, dr. J. Pavlů) on the study of the development and properties of lead-free solders, especially from the point of view of the modelling of phase diagrams, thermodynamic properties, microstructural studies of selected ternary and quaternary systems Al-Zn-X a Cu-Ni-X-Y (X, Y=Sn, Bi, Zn, Ti), on the microstructural studies of nanopowders, applicable for such solders (Ag, Sn-Ag, Cu-Ni) and on modelling of phase diagrams of nanomaterials. This cooperation is carried out in the scope of international COST Actions, MOBILITY and also within the context of joint na-

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tional projects. Many joint publications were published as part of this cooperation, as well as the monograph „Handbook of High-Temperature Lead-free Solders: Atlas of Phase Diagrams“. The thermodynamic database for the modelling of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of lead-free solders were created in cooperation of both mentioned institutions with other foreign institutions and universities. Charles University Prague and Technical University Liberec Long-term cooperation with Charles University was oriented towards investigation of mechanical properties of advanced metallic materials; at present predominantly Fe-Al based intermetallics. An extensive study of creep of Fe-30 at. % Al alloys with different additions of zirconium (0.4 to 5.2 at. %) was performed. It was shown that the values of the stress exponent of the creep rate can be explained by dislocation motion controlled by climb and by the presence of second-phase particles. Higher stress exponents were detected only at a temperature of 900 °C and zirconium content up to 2 at. %. This can be explained by the ability of particles to deform at this temperature. The cooperation is at present supported by the Czech Science Foundation within the project “Optimizing the high temperature mechanical properties of iron aluminides of Fe3Al type with carbide forming elements”, registration number P108-12-1452, co-applicant doc. RNDr. Josef Pešička. The other recipient is the Technical University Liberec, co-applicant RNDr. Věra Vodičková. Palacký University Olomouc and Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials The cooperation between Palacký University Olomouc and Regional centre of advanced technologies and materials has focused on two predominant research areas. In terms of materials research, we have continued work on joint project P108/11/1350 „Effects of cores and boundaries of nanograins on the structural and physical properties of ball milled and mechanically alloyed iron-based materials“ granted by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic. The second research area has been focused on the development of a new generation of Mossbauer spectrometers and the applications of magnetic and Mossbauer measurements. O. Schneeweiss is active as the consulting tutor of Ph.D. students.

4.2. Cooperation in the Field of Education Scientists of the Institute actively participated in education at both universities and the Institute. The number of lectures in the 2012/2013 summer term and the 2013/2014 winter term totalled 172 for bachelor’s programmes, 313 for master’s programmes and 99 lessons for postgraduate programmes. In total, the employees of the Institute tutored 3 term cycles (lectures, seminars or tutorials) for bachelor’s studies, 10 lecturing cycles for master’s studies, 3 seminars for master’s studies and 4 tutorials. The number of employees participating in the educational process in all university programmes was 26. That is to say that almost 50% of the total number of employees are actively involved in the education of students. Intensive cooperation with universities is reflected in the fact that 7 employees of the Institute reached the academic degree “Professor” and 5 employees reached the degree “Docent”. One

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of the habilitations took place in 2013. The trend of close cooperation with universities is evident mainly in younger employees.

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In 2012-13 there were 11 pre-graduate students working at the Institute, participating in various issues of research, mainly within the scope of grant projects and thus acquiring practical research experience. There was a total of 11 diploma students, one of whom was a foreigner (Spain). Topics were proposed by employees of the Institute in cooperation with universities, which then appointed diploma theses supervisors from among the Institute’s employees. Topics covered material fatigue area with an emphasis on application in transportation, to model mechanical properties of thin layers and their influence to fracture mechanics in the area of advanced ceramic composites. Scientists of IPM participated in final thesis defence committees, state exam committees and doctoral boards. They took part in scientific boards of schools (Technical University in Ostrava) and faculties (Faculty of Chemistry BUT, Faculty of Science MU Brno, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Žilina). Scientists of IPM were also employed as teachers at foreign universities. As the part of an international project in 2012, Dr. Bursik and Dr. Kroupa carried out lectures and seminars at the Institute of Materials Research Slovak Academy of Sciences in Košice on topics of Electron microscopy and Computer modelling of phase diagrams.

4.3. Participation in the Operational Programme “Education for Competitiveness” During last three years gained in importance projects of Operational Programme Education for Competitiveness provided by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (MEYS). Basic information about running projects of mentioned Operational Programme is summarized below: 1) Project No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0197 (2012-2015, co-investigator L. Náhlík) “Multidisciplinary team in material design and its involvement into international cooperation“ is common project of IPM and Brno University of Technology. This project is focused to the area of human resources. The main aim of the project is the creation of four research teams and development of sustainable system of performance improvement of researchers. The attention is paid to the development of language, general knowledge and expertise to support the creation of new research teams and the subsequent promotion of their creative research work and to gain experience by promoting the mobility of individual workers. All monitoring reports of this project were successfully approved by MEYS. 2) Project No. CZ.1.07/2.4.00/17.0006 (2011-2014, co-investigator L. Náhlík) “Building up Cooperation in R&D with the Research and Industrial Partners” allows internships of researchers and students at major international research and educational institutions. The output of the project is creation of new relationships or deepening existing ties to foreign institutions with which the participating organizations collaborate on joint research projects and the improvement of university education. The project enabled 22 participations on scientific conferences and 11 international internships. The project is realized in collaboration with Brno University of Technology and Masaryk University. 3) Project No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0214 (2012-2015, investigator L. Náhlík) “Human Resources Development in the research of physical and material properties of emerging, newly developed and applied engineering materials” is focused on the development of human resources of IPM. The amount of the subsidy is CZK 28 mil.. The aim of the project is development

COOPERATION WITH UNIVERSITIES

of a dynamic team of highly qualified researchers dealing with the theoretical description of computer simulations of physical processes in materials at all scales, with a special focus on the microscopic and mesoscopic scale. The core of the team, comprising nine researchers and 13 doctoral and master's degree students, was created during 2012 year. In 2013 year the team was already fully engaged in R & D activities. 4) Project No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00 /30.0063 (2012-2015, investigator L. Náhlík) “Talented postdocs for scientific excellence in physics of materials” is related to and complementary to project CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology. The project supports three young dynamic talented post-docs who boost the scientific output of existing research teams in the upcoming or already starting projects. A special aim of the project is to create a team able to apply for and then solve the grant of European Research Council (ERC). Note that this ambitious plan has been partly fulfilled. Two ERC grants proposals in the category Consolidator were prepared during years 2013 and 2014. Overall, seven professional staff is involved in this project.

4.4. CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology (No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068, 2011-2015, co-investigator L. Náhlík) is huge project realized under support of Operational Programme Research and Development for Innovations (OP RDI) of MEYS. CEITEC is a scientific centre in the fields of life sciences, advanced materials and technologies whose aim is to establish itself as a recognized centre for basic as well as applied research. CEITEC offers a state-of-the-art infrastructure and great conditions to employ excellent researchers. It is a consortium whose partners include the most prominent universities and research institutes in Brno, and it benefits from the support of the Region of South-Moravia and the City of Brno. The following participate in the setting up of the centre of excellence: Masaryk University, Brno University of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Veterinary Research Institute and Institute of Physics of Materials of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. CEITEC will lead a path to global scientific recognition through science based on synergy and collaboration, in order to achieve regional knowledge-based economy. CEITEC project was the highest rated project in the category of European Centre of Excellence in OP RDI. IPM, as one of six partners, is actively involved in the creation of supra-regional centre of excellence, which results will be comparable with leading centres of similar orientation and contribute to strengthening the position of Brno as one of the recognized European scientific centres. Building centre has the ambition to be fully comparable with the world's leading institutions of its kind, taking advantage of the unique opportunities arising from synergies between life and material sciences. CEITEC wants to be a brand for innovative research in the area of quality of life and human health. To meet the objectives of the centre the scientific department (organizational unit) CEITEC IPM was created under the authority of IPM. The department consists of two research groups, together circa 16 researchers, and project support team. During years 2012-2013 was finalized all tenders for devices listed in the Technical Annex (basic document of the project), construction or modernization of laboratories was completed and most of the new experimental equipment acquired from the subsidy was installed. Implementation of the project in all its areas took place according to plan. The milestones were met properly regarding staffing, acquisition of new experimental facilities and continually met all monitoring indicators charting the

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fulfilment of the professional aspects of the project, both in quantity and quality of scientific research output, the number of research projects and cooperation projects with industry or in the quantity and quality of human resources involved in the project implementation. One of the project fundamental requirements is its sustainability after the year 2015. Sustainability of the project was taken seriously into account when buying a new experimental facility and in human resources allocation. Department CEITEC IPM is built as an integral part of the Institute in full compliance with conception of the institute development. The built infrastructure will be use in future research projects and in the projects involved at new strategy plan of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

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3. Postgraduate Study Programmes and Education of Young Researchers The institute provides 7 postgraduate study programmes, namely: Physical and Materials Engineering, BUT - language of instructions: Czech Physical and Materials Engineering, BUT - language of instructions: English Applied Sciences in Engineering, BUT - language of instructions: Czech Applied Sciences in Engineering, BUT - language of instructions: English Physics, MU Brno - language of instructions: Czech Advanced Materials and Nanosciences, MU Brno - language of instructions: Czech Advanced Materials and Nanosciences, MU Brno - language of instructions: English

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Defended Ph.D. Theses, Supervised in Cooperation With IPM Employees 1. Ph.D. Thesis: Response of Foam Ceramic Materials to Mechanical Loading 2. Author: Ing. Lukáš Řehořek, Ph.D. 3. Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. 4. Successfully defended: February 1st, 2012 5. Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

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1. Ph.D. Thesis: Influence of a Free Surface and Gradient Change of Material Properties on a Crack Behaviour Author: Ing. Martin Ševčík Supervisor: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. Successfully defended: February 17th, 2012 Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 2. Ph.D. Thesis: Damage of Compound Structures Caused by Material Discontinuity Author: Ing. Jakub Korbel Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Knésl, CSc. Successfully defended: February 17th, 2012 Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 3. Ph.D. Thesis: Early Stages of Fatigue Damage of Steels for Fusion Energetics (in English) Author: Ing. Ivo Kuběna Supervisor: prof. Mgr. Tomáš Kruml, CSc. Successfully defended: December 5th, 2012 Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 4. Ph.D. Thesis: Microstructure, its Stability and Fatigue Properties of Ultra-Fine Grained Copper Prepared by ECAP Method Author: Ing. Lucie Navrátilová Suprevisor: prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. Succesfully defended: December 5th, 2012 Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 5. Ph.D. Thesis: Dislocation Motion in Three-Dimensional Precipitated Crystals Author: Mgr. Tomáš Záležák Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Antonín Dlouhý, CSc. Successfully defended: March 6th, 2013 Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Condensed, Matter Physics 6. Ph.D. Thesis: Fatigue-Creep Interaction in Ni Superalloys and TiAl Alloys (in Czech) Author: Ing. Miroslav Šmíd Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Karel Obrtlík, CSc. Successfully defended: April 19th, 2013 Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,

COOPERATION WITH UNIVERSITIES

7. Ph.D. Thesis: Electron Microscopy on Nanoparticles Systems Author: Naděžda Pizúrová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Miroslav Mašláň, CSc. Successfully defended: September 3rd, 2013 Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Physics

LIST OF DIPLOMANTS Eva Vraspírová: Effect Cyclic Heat Treatment on Structure of TiAl Alloy školitel: Ing. M. Petrenec, Ph.D., BUT FSI, Brno, 2013. Martin Kuběna: Hardenning of Polymeric Composites by Nanotubes školitel: prof. Mgr. T. Kruml, CSc., BUT FSI, Brno, 2013. Monika Kaňová: Low Cycle Fatigue of Pseudoelastic NiTi Alloy školitel: prof. Mgr. T. Kruml, CSc., BUT FSI, Brno, 2013

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other activities

5. OTHER ACTIVITIES

other activities

 S IG N IFI C A N T

F O R E IG N C O O P E RA T I O N

Projects of 7thFramework European Union Programme GlaCERCO - Glass and Ceramic Composites for High Technology Applications Networks for Initial Training, 264526, FP7-People-2010-ITN Coordinator: Politecnico di Torino, Italy, principal investigator from IPM: Ivo Dlouhý Year of termination: 2015 RoLiCer - Enhanced Reliability and Lifetime of Ceramic Components through Multiscale Modelling of Degradation and Damage Collaborative project, 263476, FP7-NMP-2010-SMALL-4 Coordinator: Fraunhofer IWM, Muenchen, Germany, principal investigator from IPM: Zdeněk Chlup year of termination: 2014 MACPLUS - Material-Component Performance-Driven Solutions for Long-Term Efficiency Increase in Ultra Supercritical Power Plants Standard Project of 7FP, ENERGY.2009.6.1.1. Coordinator: Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.p.A., Italy, principal investigator from IPM: Václav Sklenička Year of termination: 2015

Other Projects of EU Communitarian Programmes MesoPhysDef - Marie-Curie International Reintegration Grant Marie Curie, 247705 Coordinator: IPM AS CR, principal investigator: Roman Grőger year of termination: 2013 Production and Characterization of Laboratory-Scale Batches of Nano-Structured ODSFS EURATOM, WP13-MAT-01-ODSFS-01-01/IPP.CR Coordinator: EFDA: Hynek Hadraba Year of termination: 2013

International Projects Nanoalloys as Advanced Materials: From Structure to Properties and Applications COST Program MP0903, number of participating countries: 27, principal investigator from IPM: Aleš Kroupa Composites with Novel Functional and Structural Properties by Nanoscale Materials (Nano Composites) Materials – NCM COST Program MP0701, project Strength and magnetism of nanocomposites, principal investigator from IPM: Mojmír Šob

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Development of New TiAl Based Intermetallic Showing Improved Mechanical Properties on the Basis of Microstructure Control by Thermo-Mechanical Process Bilateral cooperation with Japan, principal coordinator from IPM: Ivo Dlouhý

Inter-institutional Mutual Contracts and Cooperation Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Materials and Metallurgy (IHTM-CMM), Beograd, Serbia Cooperation topic: Progressive Multi-Component Metallic Systems and Nano-Structured Materials with Various Function Qualities

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Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universite de Poitiers, Francie Cooperation topic: Study of the basic fatigue crack growth mechanisms in ECAPed materials Kyoto University, Japan Cooperation topic: Theoretic and experimental study of strength of disilicides of transitive metals. Program of internal support of international cooperation, AS CR, M100411202 ISFK MU Leoben Cooperation topic: Development of ceramic laminates with tailored properties and their evaluation R. Danzer and R. Bermejo Longterm cooperation A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Cooperation topic: Investigation of creep and fatigue behaviour of metal nanaomaterials processed by technique of severe plastic deformation. 9/12 AS CR – RAS Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute (RAS), Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation Cooperation topic: Microstructural features, mechanical properties and damage of nanocrystalline titanium

other activities

the measurement of mechanical properties as e.g. yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, work hardening coefficient, Young modulus etc. of thin films with the typical thickness of about one micrometer. The method is based on the application of two recently commercialised pieces of equipment: focused ion beam (FIB) and nanoindentor. Micrometric cylindrical specimens are prepared from the thin film using the FIB. The specimen is then deformed in compression by a nanoindentor equipped with a flat diamond punch. An equivalent to macroscopic stress-strain curve is obtained. Because the forces and displacement are of the same order of magnitude as in the standard nanoindentation, the test can be assigned as nanocompression test. Advanced Material and Technology Design for Applications in High Efficiency Turbochargers Company: PBS Turbo, s.r.o., Velká Bíteš Contact: Ing. Jiří Klíma Other contractual partners: Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Department of Casting, BUT, person in charge: Doc. Ladislav Zemčík, CSc. Person in charge: prof. RNDr. Antonín Dlouhý, CSc. Annotation: The topic focuses on new research findings in the field of advanced high-temperature intermetallics and their applications in an engineering practice. At present, attention is mainly given to the 3rd generation of TiAl-based alloys tailored for turbochargers with low production costs which will serve 800 kW engines operating under mean effective pressure up to 25 bar. Subtasks include vacuum metallurgy of TiAl intermetallics, optimization of low-cost melting and precision casting technologies and further optimization of a heat treatment in order to provide cast products that meet attest specifications as far as the balanced microstructure, mechanical properties and endurance in harsh environments is concerned. In past years, the indicated activities were supported by grant resources through CSF (106/01/1590, 106/04/0853 a 106/07/0762), MEYS (OC 526.60) a MIT (FI-IM 3/213). Since 2008, a part of the optimized technology has been protected under CZ Patent no. 298961. Creep Properties of E110 Cladding Tube

 C O O P E RA T I O N

WITH INDUSTRY

Development of a New Experimental Method for Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Thin Films Company: ON Semiconductor Czech Republic, s.r.o., Rožnov p.R. Contact: Dr. Petr Pánek Person in charge: prof. Mgr. Tomáš Kruml, CSc. Annotation: The aim of this project is the development of a new experimental method for

Company: UJP PRAHA, a.s. Contact: Ing. Věra Vrtílková Person in charge: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. Annotation: Creep properties of E110 cladding tube are investigated under LOCA temperature gradient to implement the creep chracteristics into the FEMAXI software and to create diffusion oxidation model. The E110 cladding tubes are used in NPP Temelín. The creep testing is carried out at constant load and/or constant stress.

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Creep Behaviour and Rupture of Orbital Head Welds of Thick-Walled Tubes/Pipes Company: UJP PRAHA, a.s. Contact: Ing. Ladislav Horváth, CSc. Person in charge: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. Annotation: The collaboration is focus on the verification of advanced welding methods

using an orbital head in term of their influence on long-term creep behaviour of thermaly loaded thick-walled pipes made of P91 and P92 high chromium steels. Further, the possibility of improving long-term creep properties of tested similar and dissimilar weldments by new procedures of post-heat treatment of weld joints are proved.

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Development of Novel Nanocrystalline PVD Layers for Hard and Ultra-Hard Friction Resistant Coatings Company: SHM, s.r.o., Průmyslová 3, 78701 Šumperk Contact: RNDr. Michal Šíma, Person in charge: RNDr. Jiří Buršík, CSc., DSc. Annotation: The topic is focused on the study of the microstructure of progressive nanocry-

stalline layers for cutting tools by methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy with both energy- and wave-dispersive X-ray analysis. SHM s.r.o belongs to the top tier of European enterprises developing nanocomposite thin layers for cutting tools. Some of its products are unique and are not offered in the same quality by any other producer. SHM s.r.o is still very keen on the further development of new prospective layers which will improve properties of coated tools and broaden the product line of cutting and forming tools.

Investigation of Mechanical and Material Properties for Development of Implants Company: Medin a.s., Nové Město na Moravě Contact: Ing. Jan Beneš, CSc. Person in charge: prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. Annotation: MEDIN, a.s., Nové Město na Moravě is a Czech company focused on the pro-

duction of medical instruments for surgery and dentistry and implants for traumatology and orthopedics. The broad innovative program of the company demands targeted investigation and development of materials used for production and assessment of their mechanical properties, among other fatigue properties. In this area of research the company has successfully cooperated with the IPM AS CR for more than ten years.

other activities

Investigation of Fatigue and Creep Properties of Nickel-Base Superalloys for High-Temperature Applications Company: První brněnská strojírna Velká Bíteš, a.s., Metallurgy Division Contact: prof. Ing. Karel Hrbáček, DrSc., division director Person in charge: prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. Annotation: První brněnská strojírna Velká Bíteš a.s., Precision Casting Division, one of the

leading foundries manufacturing precision investment castings for aircrafts, steam turbines, decanting centrifuges and precise castings from Ni-base superalloys cooperates with the IPM AS CR mainly in the area of investigation and development of Ni-base superalloys for hightemperature applications. The main aim of the research during the last 5 years has been the investigation of cast materials, which still have considerable potential for the improvement of their engineering properties. The joint research and development and solution of particular problems have brought results which have increased the quality and innovation of products and increased the turn-out of the company.

Test Method Development for Heterogeneous Weld Joint Evaluation by Using an Instrumented Indentation Technique Company: CEZ – Institute of Applied Mechanics, Brno Contact: Ing. Luboš Junek, CSc. Person in charge: Prof. Ing. Ivo Dlouhý, CSc. Annotation: The ageing of heterogeneous weld joints in both nuclear and conventional power facilities stations is the key factor in determining the (residual) life of equipment. Joint research under a multi-year project has been focused on test method development which is based on instrumented hardness measurements under operational conditions, and the implementation of these methods to generate accurate estimates of materials degradation and the residual life of components containing the heterogeneous weld joints. Materials Characterization and Failure Analysis of Engineering Parts Based on SiC Company: CeramTec Czech Republic s.r.o. Contact: Ing. Jaromír Skokan Person in charge: Ing. Zdeněk Chlup, Ph.D. Annotation: CeramTec is a leading global manufacturer of components from ceramic ma-

terials. The goal of this industrial cooperation is to find causes of catastrophic failures of machine parts and propose steps to prolong the lifespan of these parts. Another aim of this cooperation is to characterize properties of new materials and their optimization. In these fields, the company has successfully cooperated with the IPM AS CR, v.v.i for more than 10 years.

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Material Component Performance Driven Solutions for Long-Term Efficiency Increase in Ultra Superctitical Power Plants (MACPLUS) Co-investigator: prof. Ing. Václav Sklenička, DrSc. Number of Project: Energy.2009.6.1.1. Agency: European Commission, FP7

Annotation: The project aims to increase the net efficiency of coal-fired power plants by increasing the long-term affordability of top-edge components, improving effectiveness of their production processes while better understanding the relationship between manufacturing routes and component defects affecting in-service lifetime.

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Development of New-Generation ODS Alloys and ODS Composites Investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: A2.26 Agency: Materials Center Leoben

The project deals with the development of new ODS alloys and ODS composites with the Fe-8-10wt%Al matrix. The alloys are prepared by mechanical alloying of Fe and Al powders in an oxidizing atmosphere, the composites by mechanical alloying of Fe, Al and Fe2O3 powders in an inert atmosphere. Then the mechanically alloyed powders are closed in a steel tube and consolidated by hot rolling. The stable microstructure is obtained by thermal or thermomechanical treatment. The resultant alloy or composite exhibits excellent oxidation- and creep-resistance at very high temperatures. The patent application was recently submitted. The Impact of Atomic Trapping on Diffusion and Phase Transformation Kinetics Co-investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: A1.9 Agency: Materials Center Leoben

The project deals with the influence of the atomic traps on kinetics of diffusion of interstitial components and the consequences to kinetics of diffusional phase transformations. Carbon is an important interstitial component in steels and interacts with foreign atoms like chromium, to which it can bond significantly. A number of models describing the energetics of trapping by foreign atoms have been developed and the consequences of trapping on diffusion kinetics have been demonstrated. Based on the knowledge of the chemical potentials of carbon obtained by the CALPHAD method the models have been utilized for determination of the depth of trap for carbon due to foreign atoms of different components. A very good agreement with the open literature has been obtained.

other activities

Service Security of Welded High-Strength Pressurized Pipelines Co-investigator: RNDr. Jiří Svoboda, CSc., DSc. Number of Project: A6.14 Agency: Materials Center Leoben

The project deals with the influence of hydrogen on the strength of new steels used in the production of pipelines. Our team deals with the development of models for hydrogen diffusion. It was shown during the project conclusions that hydrogen diffusion cannot be described by a simple diffusion equation with a constant diffusion coefficient. The dislocation cores and/or foreign atoms represent traps for hydrogen atoms, causing immobilization of the hydrogen and drastically influencing its diffusion. The hydrogen concentration dependent chemical diffusion coefficient can be introduced for a proper description of the diffusion of hydrogen. The developed model allows not only a better description of hydrogen diffusion in steels, it also allows a more correct evaluation of measurements of hydrogen diffusion coefficients by standard methods. Lifetime Assessment of Railway Wheels and Wheelsets Industrial partner: Bonatrans Group, a.s. Contact person: Ing. Petr Matušek, CSc. Investigators: doc. Ing. Luboš Náhlík, Ph.D. (numerical calculations, software development), doc. Ing. Pavel Hutař, Ph.D. and prof. RNDr. Ludvík Kunz, CSc., dr. h. c. (experimental measurements) Annotation: The partnership between IPM and Bonatrans Group was established more than

15 years ago. Bonatrans Group, a.s. is one of the world’s major manufacturers of railway wheels and wheelsets. The cooperation can be divided into two main parts: a) determination of material properties of materials used for wheelsets, recommendations and design of fatigue tests of axles or wheelsets; b) estimation of residual fatigue lifetime of wheelsets and development of procedures and software for lifetime estimation. To be competitive, Bonatrans Group develops new designs of wheelsets for high speed trains. IPM provides deep knowledge of material behaviour, an excellent base for material testing and develops its own procedures and software for lifetime assessment of these new highly loaded train parts.

 ORGANIZATION OF CONFERENCES AND SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS GlaCERCo Project Workshop with External Researchers Participation Main organizer: IPM, number of attendants 35, of which 32 from abroad GlaCERCo School Main organizer: IPM with the support of Politecnico di Torino, number of attendants 38, of which 36 from abroad

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The Working Group 1 Meeting 9 COST MP0903 Main organizer: IPM, number of attendants 55, of which 47 from abroad 16th International Colloquium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals Main organizer: IPM, number of attendants 62, of which 30 from abroad

SCIENCE

P O P U LARI Z A T I O N

FameLab, participation in an international competition organized by the British Council Jan Klusák, winner of the national finals in 2012, participation in the international finals in Cheltenham, UK

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Night of Churches 2012, organized by the Czechoslovak Hussite Church in Brno on June 1st, 2012 Lectures "Ways of Science" and "How Bells are Born" First Child Scientific Conference 2012, organized by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic on June 21st, 2012 Invited lecture "When the handle breaks off" Lectures within the Week of Science and Technology organized by AS CR: "Fatigue of materials and fracture mechanics - from old wives' advice to modern methods" November 6th, 2012, Literary café bookstore Academia, Brno. "When the handle breaks off - The fatigue of materials and other troubles" November 13th, 2012, the Great Hall of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Národní 3, Praha December 12th, 2013, Brno Observatory and Planetarium "Computer simulation of materials" November 7th, 2013, IPM AS CR Open Days Presentation of research carried out at the workplace for students of grammar schools, secondary vocational schools, universities and for general and professional public. November 8th, 2012 and November 7th, 2013, IPM AS CR TV Footage on Czech TV regional news Information on the study of the microstructure of materials at IPM using the newly installed transmission electron microscope Jeol 2100F. June 11th, 2013 IPM AS CR and CT studio Brno

eXPERTIZE

A N D C O N S uLtI N G

The Institute provides expertize and consulting in the areas of material research as follows:

Electric, Magnetic and Transport Properties Ab-initio calculations of electron structure Phase and structure analysis of materials based on measurements of X-ray diffractions and Mössbauer spectroscopy.

other activities

The following equipment is used to carry out unique measurements and treatments of materials:  measurements of magnetic parameters in vibrating sample magnetometers in temperature range -278 – 800 °C  temperature dependences of electrical resistivity/conductivity in temperature range 20-800°C  heat treatments of small samples in controlled atmospheres and in vacuum in temperature range 20-800 °C

Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties and Behaviour of Materials  determination of low-cycle fatigue parameters of materials at room temperature, depressed temperature down to –196 °C and at elevated temperature up to 950 °C  determination of fatigue life parameters pertinent to materials cycled with dwells for the assessment of creep-fatigue interaction  analysis of initiation and early growth of fatigue cracks. Determination of parameters describing the kinetics of short fatigue crack growth  analysis of fatigue damage evolution and resistance of materials to cyclic loading  hysteresis loop analysis and assessment of effective and internal components of the cyclic stress

Analysis of Emergency States of Machines and Structures Subjected to Variable Forces During Operation  fatigue crack detection and identification and fractography analysis of fatigue fractures Determination of fatigue crack initiation and origin, fatigue crack growth rate and directions based on fractography analysis of fracture surface  residual life assessment based on loading history  safety assessment of structures containing cracks subjected to cyclic loading

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REMEMBRANCE OF EMINENT COLLEAGUES

REMEMBRANCE OF EMINENT COLLEAGUES

REMEMBRANCE OF EMINENT COLLEAGUES

Prof. RNDr. Zdeněk KNÉSL, CSc. (1940 – 2012) Zdeněk Knésl, born in 1940 in Olomouc, studied physics at Masaryk University in Brno (1957-1962). He finished the school of Physics of solid state with his excellent work on electron energy spectrum in damaged crystal. He started his research career in 1964 in the Laboratory for the Study of the Properties of Metals in Brno, today the Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. He spent his whole professional life there and became a key member of the Institute. He passed the viva in theoretical physics at Masaryk University in 1971. In 1972 he obtained his scientific CSc. degree in Physical Metallurgy at the Institute of Physics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague for his work, Dislocations in non-linear theory of elasticity. He defended his habilitation thesis, Linear fracture mechanics of notches, at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Brno University of Technology in 1994. Very shortly after, based on excellent scientific and pedagogic achievements and his work on two-parametric fracture mechanics, he obtained a professorship. His lectures on fracture mechanics were very highly rated and contributed to the setting of educational standards at the Faculty. Prof. Knésl was a very successful and popular tutor in the field of engineering mechanics. He educated a lot of young scientists, many of whom are currently associated with the Institute of Physics of Materials AS CR or to Brno University of Technology. His main research achievements fell into the field of dislocation theory, development of methodology of computation of fracture mechanic parameters of bodies with defects by means of finite element methods, formulation of generalized criteria of notch stability and its application on the estimation of lifetime of components. His contribution to the two-parameter approach to description of propagation of long fatigue cracks and to the prediction of notch behaviour under combined fatigue and creep loading was highly appreciated by the world research community. In the applied area, his studies were closely related to the formulation of optimalized approaches to design of structures from the point of view of resistance against damage by fatigue crack growth. Since 2006 he worked, in cooperation with researchers from Polymer Institute Brno, in the area of application of fracture mechanics to prediction of life of piping systems and polymer and composite geomembranes. His research work considerably contributed to the evaluation of defect risk in geomembranes produced by Juta a.s. company, which brought significant commercial success.

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Prof. Zdeněk Knésl was an internationally recognized scientist. He kept long-term contacts with universities in Halle, Dresden, Stuttgart, London, Ovideo, Lublana and Leoben. His scientific work represents more than 400 research papers. More than one half of them were published in top international journals. His presentation at world conferences consistently received very positive feedback. Prof. Zdeněk Knésl was a member of the editorial board of the scientific journals Computers & Structures and Inženýrská mechanika. He was an active member of ESIS and the Czech Society for Mechanics. Since 1990, as a member of the Scientific Board, and later as member of the Advisory Board, he substantially contributed to the formation of the scientific policy of the Institute of Physics of Materials. Moreover, he was active in the Scientific Council of the Brno University of Technology and in this position he strengthened the cooperation among research groups at both institutions. Zdeněk Knésl was a very friendly colleague, with an extraordinary sense of humour, who behaved both nobly and humanely.

REMEMBRANCE OF EMINENT COLLEAGUES

Assoc. prof. RNDr. Petr LUKÁŠ, CSc, dr. h. c. (1938 – 2013)

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Petr Lukáš, born in 1938, studied the physics of solid state at Masaryk University in Brno from 1955 to 1960. He obtained his CSc. degree in Physical Metallurgy from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague in 1966. He spent his whole professional life in the Institute of Physics of Materials, which he joined in 1960. His work substantially influenced the research activity and the scientific climate at the Institute. The physical aspects of the mechanical behaviour of metallic materials with the emphasis on fatigue of metals were the main research area in which P. Lukáš was active. He significantly contributed to work in this area. He was author or co-author of about 120 publications in scientific journals indexed in the ISI Web of Knowledge, as well as several monographs, and he participated in more than 160 international scientific conferences. Moreover, he published many papers in domestic scientific journals. He was also very successful in finding solutions for problems in the area of applied research. From very early on in his career, he developed links with industry and authored more than 90 technical reports. The most important of his monographs is the book “Fatigue of Metallic Materials,” which was published in Czech, as well as twice in English and in Japanese. He served as Subject editor of the Encyclopedia of Materials, published by Elsevier in 2001. According to SCI, the number of quotations of his papers exceeds 2000 and his Hirsch index is 24. His systematic scientific work with accentuating both physical and engineering approaches to the phenomenon of fatigue of metallic materials resulted in the establishment of a „Brno School” of fatigue, which attained broad appreciation worldwide. In 1981 he was elected as a member of the Steering Committee of the International Fatigue Congress, and beginning in 1994 he served for eight years as a member of the Steering Committee of the International Conference of the Strength of Materials. He was charged with the organization of both of the globally important scientific events in the Czech Republic. Also to his credit is his organizational activity which resulted in the series of Colloquia on Fundamental Fatigue Mechanisms. The series started in Brno in 1972 and developed into a very effective annual meeting of researchers from European research groups dealing with the fatigue of materials. Petr Lukáš was a very successful tutor of several Ph.D. students. He served for 6 months as visiting professor of the University in Karlsruhe in Germany and became an Honorary

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REMEMBRANCE OF EMINENT COLLEAGUES

Member of the German Society Deutscher Verband für Materialsforschung. After 1989, Petr Lukáš was massively active in the organization of science on the national level. He substantially contributed to the creation of the Academy of Sciences in the new political environment. He was elected vice-president of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and, beginning in 1993, he was a member of the Scientific Council of this organization. In the period 1997 to 2001, he served as a vice-chairman of this Council. During 2001-2012, he was the Director of the Institute of Physics of Materials.

Assoc. prof. Ing. Miloslav HOLZMANN, CSc. (1929 – 2013) 144

Miloslav Holzmann, born in 1929, studied Mechanical Engineering at Brno University of Technology during the years 1948-1952. He defended his habilitation thesis in 1956 at the same university. He obtained his CSc. (Ph.D. equivalent) degree in Physical Metallurgy from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague. He spent his whole professional life in the Laboratory for the Study of the Properties of Metals in Brno, which later passed to the Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. At very beginning, he briefly collaborated with prof. Mirko Klesnil; then, after forming the Brittle Fracture Group, he chaired the group until 1995 when he retired. Nevertheless, until 2013 he continued his collaboration with the Brittle Fracture Group under the leadership of prof. Ivo Dlouhy on a part-time basis. The physical nature of the response of mechanical behaviour to quasistatic and dynamic loading of metallic materials was the main research area in which Miloslav Holzmann was active and he substantially contributed to state of knowledge in this area. His strength is seen not only in the new findings in field of brittle fracture of steels but also in the extensive application of experimental fracture mechanics and failures evaluation within numerous collaborations. He has published more than 320 scientific and technical papers, both in domestic and international journals as well as in proceedings of important conferences. The papers focused mainly on the physical nature of brittle fractures in steels, experimental fracture mechanics applications for brittle and ductile fracture characterizations of materials and components. His group was one of the first in Europe to develop the concept of dynamic fracture toughness determination by using instrumented impact testing, and later through the application of the dynamic hydraulic test machine. Since 1968, he actively worked as an external lecturer at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, in courses such as Machine Parts and later also Limit States of Materials. Here he also developed one of the first university textbooks in the field of Physical Metallurgy and Limit States of Materials focusing on material fracture evaluation. He was regularly a member of state commissions for Master’s degrees in Mechanical Engineering and for Ph.D. theses defence in the field of Physical Metallurgy and Limit States of Materials.

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As an important part of his activities, Miloslav Holzmann collaborated with numerous industrial companies and commercial research institutions focusing not only on expertise, but also on large-scale development projects and on the education of the technical staff of companies (Institute for Welding Research Bratislava, First Brno Machine Works PBS Brno, Machine Works Královopolská Brno, Škoda Nuclear machinery Plzeň, Nuclear Research Institute Řež, machine works ŽĎAS Žďár n. Sáz., ammunition works Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod etc.). Miloslav Holzmann continuously contributed to the high scientific standards of Institute activities, not only in his group but also throughout the Institute.

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