ABPL90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING

doors and windows

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Zoser Complex, Egypt subterranean chamber, c 2650 BC blue faience tiles imitating reed mat walls; imitation of rush mat wall and door roll MUAS 14,552; 14,596

Tarxien, south temple: view towards the altar Miles Lewis

Tarxien, entrance to central temple door jamb

Miles Lewis

Tarxien, entrance to central temple door jamb and detail Miles Lewis

Tarxien, entrance to central temple interpretation of the holes

Miles Lewis

Barriers from the Acropolis Tell, Susa, Iran, carrying an dedication to ShilhakInshushinak, king of Anzan and Susa, mid-C12th BC, Louvre Sb 175, Sb 176 Miles Lewis

Roman door jambs at Sbeitla, Tunisia Miles Lewis

Kaymakli underground city, Cappadocia, probably C6th onwards

reconstruction of Kaymakli, rectilinearised, by Akok Clive Foss & Paul Magdalino, Rome and Byzantium (Elsevier-Phaidon, Oxford 1977) p 101

Kaymakli: doorway with a roller stone Miles Lewis

Kaymakli roller stone closing system Boz, Cappadocia, pp 62, 78

‘Abu Badd’ door closing stone, Mt Nebo, Jordan’, Byzantine

Miles Lewis

Egyptian false doors; false door of Kaihap, 5th Dyn, c 2450 BC, false door and offering slab of Washka, 5th Dyn, c 2400 BC, from Giza. British Museum EA1848, EA 1156A Miles Lewis

limestone false door and architrave of Ptahshepset, 5th Dynasty, c 2400BC. British Museum, EA 682 Miles Lewis

by what mechanism (hinge or other) could an Egyptian door be able to swing? sketch it if necessary

naos which contained a statue of Osiris, region of Lake Mariout near Alexandria, Egypt, c 570-526 BC: view and detail of pivot hole Musée du Louvre, Paris: Miles Lewis

pivoting wooden door in a reconstruction Ibo house, Staunton, USA; painted wooden door of the late 19th or early 20th century: National Museum. Riyadh, 2108 Richard Byrne; Ali Ibrahim Al-Ghabban et al [eds], Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdon of Saudi Arabia (Somogy Art Publishers, Paris 2010), p 56

City walls, Hattusas, c 1450-1000 BC: reconstruction of portion, and modern view Kurt Bittel, A Complete Guide to Bogazköy (Ankara, no date), p 15 Miles Lewis

Hattusas: section of wall and postern tunnel J G Macqueen, The Hittites (London 1986 [1975]) p 67

postern tunnel, Hattusas outer doorway & interior view Miles Lewis

postern tunnel, Hattusas: pivoting door trace Miles Lewis

Hattusas, outer door of the Royal Gate detail of the jamb and pivot hole

Miles Lewis

Great Temple, Hattusas threshold with pivot hole and swing marks Miles Lewis

?socket for a lever, or door pivot hole, at Hattusas Bachmann, ‘Eflatun Pinar', p 261

glass cylinders

pivot

pivot

reconstruction of the door of the Temple of Inshushinak, Choga Zanbil R Ghirshman et al, Tchoga-Zanbil (Der-Untash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the Mission Archéologique en Iran, vol xxxix] (Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), p 31

doors of the Temple of Inshushinak, Choga Zanbil, Iran surviving fabric of a door

top pivots of stone

R Ghirshman et al, TchogaZanbil (Der-Untash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the Mission Archéologique en Iran, vol xxxix] (Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), pp 31, 48-9

bronze door plating from Assur, Shalmaneser III period (c 840 BC) and reconstructed pivoting wooden door, Archaeological Museum, Istanbul

Miles Lewis

reconstruction of the Balawat gates from the palace of Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC), British Museum,

Miles Lewis

the Balawat gates; bronze binding strips (reassembled): British Museum ANE 121652-121653 Miles Lewis

the Balawat gates: British Museum ANE 121652-121653. detail at the pivot edge Miles Lewis

cap for a pivot stone, in grey limestone embossed with a floral design in low relief: Persepolis Museum Curtis & Tallis, Forgotten Empire, p 98

Roman gate pivot hole at Tiddis, Algeria, and upper door pivot hole in Roman doorway at Dougga, Tunisia (Gorgonia vicinity) Miles Lewis

Roman house doorway at Dougga, Tunisia, with raised pivot sockets Miles Lewis

Egyptian metal pivots for timber doors E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

door of building E at the Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates, Kourion, Cyprus

Robert Scranton, ‘The Architecture of the Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates at Kourion’, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, vol 57, no 5 (1967), p 16

Building E, isometric reconstruction of doorway corner, and plan and section of threshold Scranton, ‘The Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates ‘, p 17

Temple of Augustus & Roma, Ankara, Turkey, cella 25-20 BC, periastasis c AD 150; threshold Miles Lewis

shop threshold, Side [Eski Antalya], Turkey, Roman period Miles Lewis

metal pivot base from Side shop Miles Lewis

double doors as indicated on a classical threshold E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

a Roman door pivot, Djemila Museum, Algeria Miles Lewis

SeveranTemple, Djemila (Cuicul), Algeria Miles Lewis

SeveranTemple, Djemila (Cuicul), Algeria Miles Lewis

tomb with a basalt door on the decumanus, Bosra, Syria, undated Miles Lewis

basalt doors at Qasr Al-Azraq, Jordan, c AD 300 onwards Miles Lewis

basalt door at Shaqqa, Syria, possibly AD C6th

Miles Lewis

basalt door at Shaqqa: detail of the pivot Miles Lewis

lintel from a tomb at Palmyra, Syria, perhaps c AD 200, showing the pivot holes

Miles Lewis

stone doors at the National Museum, Damascus, Syria Miles Lewis

stone double doors at the National Museum, Damascus, Syria Miles Lewis

basalt door at Gadara, Jordan Miles Lewis

basalt double door pairs at Gadara Miles Lewis

wooden hinged door, Samos Museum, Greece

Miles Lewis

door hardware

door hardware, Dongjia, China Miles Lewis

lock and lock plate bearing the name of the Ottoman sultan Ahmad I, reigned 1603-17. Silver and gilded silver with engraved decoration. National Museum. Riyadh, 3013, 3005/2/T Ali Ibrahim Al-Ghabban et al [eds], Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Somogy Art Publishers, Paris 2010), pp 539, 541

Roman bronze hinges in the British Museum E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

part of a Roman bronze door hinge, Djemila Museum, Algeria Miles Lewis

Roman door hinges, Djemila Museum, Algeria Miles Lewis

more Roman door hinges, Djemila Museum, Algeria Miles Lewis

15th century hinges at the Sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin, Rocamadour, Lot, France

Lewis, Architectura, p 148

some 19th century hinge types E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

butt hinges E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1104

window shutters at the Chateau of Vaux-leVicomte, France by Louis le Vau, 1657-61

Miles Lewis

window shutter hardware at Vaux-leVicomte

Miles Lewis

espagnolet handle, Telouet, Morocco Lewis, Architectura, p 148

an espagnolet Jean-Baptiste Rondelet, Traité Théorique et Pratique de l'Art de Bâtir (published by the author, 6 vols, Paris 1812-17 [1812, 1814, 1814, nd, 1817, nd]), pl C

Pryke & Palmer, Illustrated Catalogue (London, c 1900), p 364

reconstruction of the door of the Temple of Inshushinak, Choga Zanbil, Iran; two pivots and two staples

R Ghirshman et al, TchogaZanbil (Der-Untash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the Mission Archéologique en Iran, vol xxxix] (Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), pp 31, 48, 49

doors of the Temple of Inshushinak, Choga Zanbil, Iran: fixings for the bar R Ghirshman et al, Tchoga-Zanbil (DerUntash) Volume I La Ziggurat [Memoires of the Mission Archéologique en Iran, vol xxxix] (Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, Paris 1966), I, p 75, pl lxxiv

Roman doorway at Dougga, Tunisia (Gorgonia vicinity), view & detail Miles Lewis

two palm log doors at Ksar el Ferch, Tunisia, external and internal faces Miles Lewis

detail of a rim latch, Ksar el Ferch, Tunisia Miles Lewis

traditional wooden locks, Tunisia

Mary Lewis

a traditional lock, as used in Syrian castles E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1339

Roman cylinder lock, Djemila Museum, Algeria

Miles Lewis

Bramah lock Lewis, Architectura, p 149

Bramah lock

E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1339

ward locks E H Knight, The Practical Dictionary of Mechanics (3 vols, Cassell, Petter, Galpin, London 1877-84), II, p 1339

stone windows

hypostyle hall, Temple of Amon, Karnak, Egypt, after 1300 BC: view and axonometric of clerestory construction

de Cenival, Living Architecture: Egyptian, p 140

a terracotta window grille, Mesopotamia, 3rd millennium BC, width c 450 mm

Seton Lloyd, ‘Building in Brick and Stone’, in Charles Singer et al [eds], A History of Technology, volume I, From Early Times to Fall of Ancient Empires (Oxford 1954), p 472

stone window grilles, Palace of Rameses III, Medinet Habu, Egypt the Throne Room, 1187-56 BCE, and the Ptolemaic extension to the palace Arnold, The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture, p 257

window in the secular basilica, Shaqqa, Syria, dating from its conversion to a church, ?c 4th-5th century AD Miles Lewis

late Roman stone windows in Syria: the Kaisarîyeh, Shaqqa from Jabal-al-Arabe, now in the Souweida Museum

Miles Lewis

Roman window gratings at Djemila Museum, Algeria Miles Lewis

stone window at the Cathedral Museum, Grado, Italy Miles Lewis

stone window and fragments of a stucco grating from the cathedral complex, Poreč, Croatia, possibly AD 6th century Miles Lewis

Sv Lovro [S Lorenzo in Pasenatico], Lovreč, near Poreč, Croatia, c 9th century: window Basilica of S Silvestro, Trieste, Italy, 11th century: stucco window grille Miles Lewis

Friday Mosque, Isfahan, Iran alabaster roof light in the Mongol prayer hall Miles Lewis

crown glass: (left) a pane or table from Jerash, (centre) a plaster frame with the edges of two panes, and (right) modern glass from Hebron, c 1930 D B Harden, 'Domestic Window Glass: Roman, Saxon and Medieval', in E M Jope [ed], Studies in Building History (London 1961), plate V

crown glass from Jerash, Hebron, and (right) Sudan, C12th Harden, 'Domestic Window Glass', p 40

crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step A Diderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13

crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step B Diderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13

crown glass manufacture, C18th France: step C Diderot, Encyclopédie, sv 'Verrerie', pl 13

manufacture of crown glass: the table on the end of the punty

Raymond McGrath & A C Frost, Glass in Architecture and Decoration (2nd ed, London 1961 [1937]), p 75