`d]Zmy j`Seb

*`ab,\ \-* ]`*,SbI LV`d]Zmy j`SebM

*`ab,\ \-* ]`*,SbI

krlp-U Ru

`d]Zmy j`Seb

*`ab,\ \-* ]`*,SbI LV`d]Zmy j`SebM

*`ab,\ \-* ]`*,SbI

krlp-U Ru

*`ab,\ \-* ]`*,SbI `d]Zmy j`Seb

'b* VZS-* ]`SZ*/W13Sb

1a]W*bZ\D 'b\ S4/*ZS1 P h*abn ,a1YS`Z\y +S+W1yaV\y ]`\a,1bSb1WnZ\y /1qb1WnZ\abSE V\b\`*q ]`\,\/Sbaq f`SabS*ZaVSYS ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m S ]\//1`3S,*1baq /\+`\,\WnZmYS ]\31`b,\,*ZSqYS ˚aWS Z1 dV*4*Z\ SZ*h1E +S+W1yaVS1 gSb*bm ,4qbm S4 w,qk1ZZ\-\ Sa*ZSq P 1`1,\/* Z\,\-\ YS`*x God’s Kingdom Rules!—Large Print 4/*ZS1B SpWn 6>5: -\/* Russian (krlp-U Ru) ˘ 2016 WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA 4/*b1Wnab,\ 5 Druck und Verlag: Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft, Selters/Ts. Made in Germany /1W*Z\ , 1`Y*ZSS

&  ˙)#˚   ˚ ˙\`\-S1 ,\4,1k*b1WS *`ab,*I ˚˙ &˚E hb\ ,m aWd3Sb1 , 1eSW1 , `dVWSZ1D qbZSg* 6 \Vbq+`q 5=58 -\/*D `1Yq 4*,b`*V*D m aSO /Sb1 Z* a,\1Y Y1ab1 4* ab\W\Y S 3/1b1 +`*b* *aa1WO W*D \b /,1`n `*a]*fS,*1baq S \Z ,f\/SbD *V \+mhO Z\E \Z Z* a1VdZ/d \ab*Z*,WS,*1baq Z* ]\`\-1 ab\W\O ,\y S 4*b1Y ]`S,1bab,d1b ,1eSWnaVdp a1Ynp +\/`mY w a1Y /\+`\1 db`\IxD \ a1-\/Zq +`*b *aa1WW Z1 a*O /Sbaq a`*4d ,\ -W*,1 ab\W*E * ab\q fW\]*1b , W*/\jS S b\`31ab,1ZZ\ \+lq,Wq1bB w `1Y1Z* q4mhZSV\, 4*O V\ZhSWSanE /ZS Sf g*`1y ]`SjWS V V\ZgdIx *j1 a1`/g1 ]1`1]\WZq1baq `*/\abnp P ,m b*V /\W-\ ob\O -\ 3/*WSI aq ,1eSWnaV*q a1Ynq ,ab`1h*1b obd 4*f,*O bm,*pkdp Z\,\abn Z1aY\WV*pkSYS ,\ab\`31ZZmYS *]W\/SaY1Zb*YSD  b\-\ ,`1Y1ZSE V*V +`*b *aa1WW a/1W*W ob\ ,\WZdO pk11 \+lq,W1ZS1E ]`\jWS YZ\-S1 /1aqbSW1bSqD 1-\ /\abS-W\ *`ab,\ 4* obS -\/mH h1Zn YZ\-\-\D  ]\O Y\knp *`ab,* 1-\,* ]\ab1]1ZZ\ \hSk*1b S \+dO h*1b a,\y Z*`\/E , V\b\`\Y , 5=58 -\/d Z*ahSbm,*O

W\an ,a1-\ Z1aV\WnV\ bmaqh h1W\,1VE * a1-\/Zq P ]\hO bS < YSWWS\Z\,D *Vdp ]\Wn4d ]`SZ\aSb ob\ \+dh1ZS1 V*3/\Yd S4 Z*aH 1-\/Zq Ym h*ab\ aWmjSYE V*V +`*bnq -\,\`qbB w1O +1aZ*q V\W1aZSg* 1-\,m /,S31baqIx  ob\ /1yab,SO b1WnZ\ b*VD /Z*V\E ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ hSb*q obd VZS-dE ,m d,S/Sb1E hb\ a 5=58 -\/* Z1+1aZ*q V\W1aZSg*E ]`1/O ab*,Wqpk*q Z1,S/SYdp h*abn \`-*ZS4*gSS 1-\,mE /,S31baq V*V ZSV\-/* +mab`\D b\+m +W*-*q ,1abn +mO W* ]`\]\,1/*Z* ,\ ,a1Y YS`1E ,\4,1k*b1WS *`ab,* Sa]\Wn4\,*WS S ]`\/\W3*pb Sa]\Wn4\,*bn ]1`1/\,m1 /Wq a,\1-\ ,`1Y1ZS Y1b\/mE a`1/ab,* S b1fZ\W\-SSE b*VS1 V*V -*41bmE SZe\`Y*gS\ZZm1 Y*`jSE w\b\O /`*Y*xE V*`b\hVS /Wq a,S/1b1Wnab,\,*ZSqE ]*b1e\ZmE `*/S\ S Zb1`Z1bD

W*-\/*`q b\Yd hb\ 1-\,* +W*-\aW\,Wq1b Z*jd /1qO b1WnZ\abnE a1yh*a d Z*a 1abn ,\4Y\3Z\abn S4/*,*bn V`*a\hZdp +S+W1yaVdp WSb1`*bd`d +\W11 h1Y Z* :;> q4mV*f S +1a]W*bZ\ ]`1/W*-*bn 11 Wp/qYD *Y\O \b,1`31ZZm1 /\+`\,\Wngm ]\Y\-*pb ab`\Sbn ˛*Wm *`ab,*E ˛*Wm V\Z-`1aa\, S 4/*ZSq eSWS*W\, V*V , oV\Z\YSh1aVS `*4,Sbmf ab`*Z*fE b*V S , ab`*Z*f a \-`*ZSh1ZZmYS `1ad`a*YSD  1aWS -/1Ob\ ]`\Saf\/Sb abSfSyZ\1 +1/ab,S1E ]\+d3/*1Ym1 Wp+\,np +`*bnq S

a1ab`m a]1j*b Z* ]\Y\kn b1YE Vb\ Z*f\/Sbaq , ]\O ab`*/*,jSf `*y\Z*fD *V \ZS /\V*4m,*pbE hb\ \ZS ]\SabSZ1 +`*bnqE `\3/1ZZm1 Z* ,`1Yq +1/ab,Sq L`SbD 5;B5;MD Z\-/* ]`1/ab*,Sb1WS /df\,1Zab,* S /`d-S1 ]`\bS,O ZSVS 4*YmjWqpb a/1W*bn Z*Y w4W\ a ]\Y\knp 4*V\O Z*xD  V*V dV`1]Wq1baq Z*j* ,1`*E V\-/* Ym ,S/SYE V*V aZ\,* S aZ\,* ,a1 Sf ]\]mbVS \V*4m,*pbaq bk1bO ZmYS S aWd3*b WSjn w`*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSp +W*-\y ,1O abSxI LaD =8B6>C W]D 5B56MD ˙Wq Z*a h1abn aWd3Sbn ,Y1ab1 a ,*YSE ,1/n Ym ,a1 P w/\Y*jZS1x Z*j1-\ *`qI \YZSb1E ]\3*Wdyab*E hb\ Ym ,a1f ,*a \h1Zn Wp+SYD m Y\WSYaq \ b\YE hb\+m ob* VZS-* ]\Y\-W* ,*Y 1k1 +\Wnj1 g1ZSbn ,*j1 /dO f\,Z\1 Z*aW1/S1 L*beD 68B89MD  Z*SWdhjSYS ]\31W*ZSqYSE ,*jS +`*bnqE

dV\,\/qkSy a\,1b ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m

˙˚˝˚ &

5 6

  

  

5D wdabn ]`S/1b b,\1 g*`ab,\x




abSZ* \ *`ab,1D ˙df\,Z*q ]Sk* ,\,`1Yq 7D 1-\,* \bV`m,*1b a,\1 Z*Y1`1ZS1

97

8D 1-\,* ,\4,1WShS,*1b a,\1 SYq

:;

9D *`n \bV`m,*1b SabSZm \ *`ab,1

7

;D

55


\+1/m *`ab,*D ˛*V\ZZ\1 db,1`3/1ZS1 +W*-\y ,1abS 57D `\]\,1/ZSVS *`ab,* \+`*k*pbaq , ad/m

67;

58D `1/*Zm b\WnV\ \3n1Yd ]`*,Sb1Wnab,d

6:9

59D \`n+* 4* a,\+\/d ]\VW\Z1ZSq

6;

5;D

76=

+dh1ZS1 aWd3Sb1W1y *`ab,*

:

;

\//1`3V*E \V*4m,*1Y*q *`ab,dD b`\Sb1Wnab,\ 4/*ZSy /Wq ]\VW\Z1ZSq S \V*4*ZS1 ]\Y\kS 5D Wd31ZS1 ]\ \V*4*ZSp ]\Y\kS

7;
> 1-\ a\]`*,Sb1W1yEP Sada -\,\`SW -\`*4O /\ +\Wnj1E h1Y \ h1YOWS+\ /`d-\YE Z*Y ab\Sb \h1Zn bk*b1WnZ\ SaaW1/\,*bn ,a1E hb\ a,q4*Z\ a *`ab,\Y L bVD 9B=E 5>C 58B5P7C 6>B:MD \ aZ*h*W* /*,*yb1 \+ad/SYE ]\h1Yd Sada b*V YZ\-\ -\,\`SW \ \3n1Y *`ab,1D

wb S4+mbV* a1`/g*DDDx *`ab,\ /\`\-\ a1`/gd Sada*D \h1Yd Y\3Z\ a/1W*bn b*V\y ,m,\/H ˛*-WqZdbn , a1`/g1 ]\4,\WqO ‹ pb aW\,*D ZS /*pb ,\4Y\3Z\abn d,S/1bnE hb\ /Wq 8

7D \h1Yd 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m Ym aWdj*WS 1-\ mZ*E S V*O Vdp b1Yd Z*Y ab\Sb SaaW1/\,*bnH 8D *V Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ *`ab,\ /\`\-\ 1-\ a1`/gdH w& ˙˚  ˚  x

=

h1W\,1V* ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd ,*3Z\D `Sab\a aV*4*WB w b S4+mbV* a1`/g* -\,\`qb dab*x L*beD 56B78MD Z -\O ,\`SW \ *`ab,1 ]`S V*3/\y ,\4Y\3Z\abSD h1bmO `1f ˚,*Z-1WSqf ,ab`1h*1baq +\W11 5>> d]\YSZ*ZSy \ *`ab,1E S +\WnjSZab,\ S4 ZSf P , aW\,*f SO ada*D Y1ZZ\ \ *`ab,1 Sada ]`\]\,1/\,*W WpO /qYE V*V ob\ ,S/Z\ S4 aW1/dpk1-\ 1-\ ,maV*4m,*ZSqB w) /\W31Z ,\4,1k*bn +W*-dp ,1abn \ g*`ab,1 \-* S , /`d-Sf -\`\/*fE ,1/n /Wq ob\-\ q S ]\aW*Zx LdVS 8B87MD Sada ]`\/\W3*W -\,\`Sbn a\ a,\SYS dh1ZSO V*YS \ *`ab,1 /*31 ]\aW1 ,\aV`1a1ZSq L˙1qZD 5B7MD ˙1yab,Sb1WnZ\E +W*-\/*`Z\abn 4* *`ab,\ ]1`1]\WZqO W* a1`/g1 Sada*E ]\+d3/*q 1-\ -\,\`Sbn \ Z1YD 9 *`ab,\ /\`\-\ S a1`/gd 1-\,mD bVd/* Ym ob\ 4Z*1YH a]\YZSYE hb\ SY1ZZ\ 1-\,* ]\aW*W , YS` a,\1-\ 1/SZ\`\/Z\-\ mZ* S hb\ SY1ZZ\ \b 1-\,m Saf\/SW\ ,a1E hb\ -\,\`SW S h1Yd dhSW 1-\ mZ L\O *ZD ;B5:C 56B8=E 9>MD `\Y1 b\-\E SY1ZZ\ 1-\,* q,WqO 1baq Sab\hZSV\Y ,a1-\E hb\ 4*]Sa*Z\ , h1bm`1f ˚,*ZO -1WSqf \ 3S4ZS S aWd31ZSS Sada*D ˛*/dY*1Yaq Z* YSZdbdE hb\ ob\ 4Z*hSbD 9P;D *M bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ *`ab,\ /\`\-\ a1`/gd 1-\O ,mH `S,1/Sb1 ]`SY1`D +M *V Ym Y\31Y ]\V*4*bnE hb\ *`O ab,\ /\`\-\ Z*j1Yd a1`/gdH 5>



  I

:

`1/ab*,nb1E hb\ ,m `1jSWS a\ab*,Sbn a1Y1yZmy e\b\*Wn+\YD  ,*a \h1Zn YZ\-\ e\b\-`*eSyE Z\ *WnO +\Y `*aahSb*Z WSjn Z* \]`1/1W1ZZ\1 Sf V\WSh1ab,\D b\ ,m +d/1b1 /1W*bnH m ,m+1`1b1 b\WnV\ b1 e\O b\-`*eSSE V\b\`m1 f\bSb1 , Z1-\ ,ab*,SbnD ˚,*Z-1O WSq Y\3Z\ a`*,ZSbn a e\b\*Wn+\Y\YE /*pkSY qaZ\1 ]`1/ab*,W1ZS1 \+ Sada1D 1-\,* Z1 ]\+d/SW 1,*ZO -1WSab\, 4*]Sa*bn *+a\WpbZ\ ,a1E hb\ aV*4*W S a/1O W*W SadaE V\-/* 3SW Z* 41YW1 L\*ZD 6>B7>C 65B69MD \/ `dV\,\/ab,\Y /df* 1-\,m \ZS Z*]Sa*WS b\WnV\ \ b1f aW\,*f S /1W*f Sada*E V\b\`m1 ]\Y\-*pb ]\O ZqbnE , h1Y a\ab\qW* g1Wn 1-\ aWd31ZSq S hb\ 1-\O ,* ahSb*1b a*YmY ,*3ZmY L6 SYD 7B5:E 5;C 6 1bD 5B65MD \aV\WnVd ˚,*Z-1WSq S4\+SWdpb ,maV*4m,*ZSO qYS Sada* \ *`ab,1 \-*E Y\3Z\ a d,1`1ZZ\abnp aV*4*bnE hb\ *`ab,\ /\`\-\ a1`/gd 1-\,mD 1-\,* f\h1bE hb\+m Ym 4Z*WSE hb\ ]`1/ab*,Wq1b a\+\y 1-\ *`ab,\I ; *3/\Yd S4 Z*a ab\Sb a]`\aSbn a1+qB w˙\`\-\ WS *`ab,\ \-* Y\1Yd a1`/gdHx ˚aWS Z*j \b,1b w/*xE b\ Ym +d/1Y -\b\,m aWdj*bnE hb\ Sada -\,\`SW \ *`O ab,1 P \ b\YE Z*aV\WnV\ \Z\ ,*3Z\E * b*V31 \ b\YE V*V S V\-/* \Z\ ]`S/1bD w& ˙˚  ˚  x

55

wdabn ]`S/1b b,\1 g*`ab,\x P , V*V\Y aYmaW1H < \+`*4g\,\y Y\WSb,1 Sada ]\/h1`VZdWE Z*O aV\WnV\ ,*3Z\ *`ab,\E ]\V*4*,E h1-\ \Z\ /\abS-Z1bD 'b* ]`\ab*q S ,m`*4Sb1WnZ*q Y\WSb,* a\/1`3Sb a1Yn ]`\an+D 1`,m1 b`S 4*b`*-S,*pb Z*Y1`1ZSq 1-\,mB \a,qk1ZS1 1-\ SY1ZSE ]`Sf\/ 1-\ *`ab,* S Sa]\WO Z1ZS1 1-\ ,\WS Z* 41YW1E V*V Z* Z1+1D L`\hSb*yO b1 *be1q :B=E 5>DM 'bS b`S ]`\an+m ,4*SY\a,q4*O ZmD Y1ZZ\ a ]\Y\knp 1aaS*ZaV\-\ *`ab,* 1-\O ,* \a,qbSb a,\1 SYq S Sa]\WZSb a,\p ,\WpD = V*V\Y aYmaW1 *`ab,\ \-* ]`S/1bH \WqanB wdabn ]`S/1b b,\1 g*`ab,\xE Ym ]`\aSY \ b\YE hb\O +m ob\ *`ab,\ ]`1/]`SZqW\ `1jSb1WnZm1 /1yab,SqD \-/* *`ab,\ ]`S/1bE \Z\ , ]\WZ\y Y1`1 ]`\q,Sb a,\p ,W*abn Z*/ 41YW1yD Z\ dab`*ZSb adk1ab,dpO kdp Z1h1abS,dp aSab1Yd ,1k1yE , b\Y hSaW1 ,a1 a\O 4/*ZZm1 Wp/nYS ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*E S dab*Z\,Sb ]`*,1/O Zmy Z\,my YS` L˙*ZD 6B88C 6 1bD 7B57MD ˛*b1YE ]\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y *`ab,*E ,aq 41YWq ab*Z1b `*1Y LdO VS 67B87MD *f\/qkS1aq , ]*YqbS \-* dY1`jS1 +dO D *M V*V\Y aYmaW1 *`ab,\ \-* ]`S/1bH +M a]\WZ1O ZS1 V*V\-\ +S+W1yaV\-\ \+1k*ZSq ,m f\bSb1 d,S/1bnH 56



  I

/db ,\4,`*k1Zm V 3S4ZS S ,Z\,n ,ab`1bqbaq a\ a,\SO YS +WS4VSYS L\*ZD 9B6 \ZqbZ\E hb\ \+`*4g\,*q Y\WSb,* 1k1 Z1 Sa]\WO ZSW*an S *`ab,\ \-* 1k1 Z1 ]`SjW\D 1W\,1h1aVS1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,* ]\O]`13Z1Yd adk1ab,dpbE S ]`*,1/O Zmy Z\,my YS` 1k1 Z1 Z*abd]SWD \ 1abn f\`\j*q Z\O ,\abnD *`ab,\ \-* d31 dab*Z\,W1Z\D + ob\Y Ym ]\O -\,\`SY , aW1/dpk1y -W*,1E * a1yh*a /*,*yb1 ]\aY\bO `SYE hb\ Sada -\,\`SW \ b\YE V\-/* *`ab,\ /\W3Z\ +mbn dab*Z\,W1Z\ S V\-/* \Z\ /\W3Z\ ]`SybSD

\-/* *`ab,\ \-* /\W3Z\ +mbn dab*Z\,W1Z\H 55 Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\E ,\]`1VS \3S/*ZSqY Z1V\b\O `mf 1-\ dh1ZSV\,E *`ab,\ Z1 +d/1b dab*Z\,W1Z\ , 55D b\ Sada -\,\`SW \ b\YE V\-/* +d/1b dab*Z\,W1Z\ *`O ab,\ \-*H w& ˙˚  ˚  x

57

]1`,\Y ,1V1 L˙1qZD 5B:MD +`*bSb1 ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* /,1 ]`SbhSE V\b\`m1 \Z `*aaV*4*W a `*4ZSg1y Y1Z11 h1Y , /,* -\/*D 56 `Sbh* \ ]j1ZSg1 S a\`ZqV*fD L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q 57B68P7>DM 'bd ]`Sbhd Sada `*aaV*4*W Z*O `\/d S 4*b1Y \+lqaZSW a,\SY dh1ZSV*YE ad/q ]\ ,a1O YdE ,1aZ\y 75 -\/* ZD oD L*beD 57B7:P87MD \b 11 adbn S 4Z*h1ZS1D \aW1 aY1`bS *]\ab\W\, ˙nq,\W ]\O a11b a`1/S ]j1ZSgm LV\b\`*q ]`1/ab*,Wq1b wamZ\,1y g*`ab,*xE SWS ]\Y*4*ZZmf f`SabS*ZM a\`ZqVS LV\b\O `m1 ]`1/ab*,Wqpb W31f`SabS*ZMD j1ZSg* S a\`ZqVS +d/db \ab*,W1Zm `*abS ,Y1ab1 /\ 3*b,m P w4*,1`j1O ZSq aSab1Ym ,1k1yxD \ ,`1Yq 3*b,m a\+1`db a\`ZqO VSE * 4*b1Y ]j1ZSgdD *VSY \+`*4\YE Z* \aZ\,*ZSS ob\y ]`SbhS Y\3Z\ 4*VWphSbnE hb\ *`ab,\ /\W3Z\ +mbn dab*Z\,W1Z\ Z1 , ]1`,\Y ,1V1E * b\WnV\ ]\aW1 4*,1`j1ZSq ]1`S\/* `\ab* ]j1ZSgm S a\`ZqV\,D *V ]\V*4*WS a\+mbSqE ob\b ]1`S\/ 4*V\ZhSWaq , 5=58 -\O /d S b\-/* 31 Z*h*W*an 3*b,*D 57 `Sbh* \ YSZ*fD L`\hSb*yb1 dVS 5=B55P57DM 56D *V ]`Sbh* \ ]j1ZSg1 S a\`ZqV*f ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ *`O ab,\ Z1 +mW\ dab*Z\,W1Z\ , ]1`,\Y ,1V1H 57D *V Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ Z1 ab*Z1b 1aaS*ZaVSY *`1Y a`*4d 31 ]\aW1 ,\4,`*k1ZSq Z* Z1+\H 58



  I

Sada `*aaV*4*W obd ]`Sbhd , 77 -\/d ZD oDE V\-/* ]\O aW1/ZSy `*4 j1W , 1`da*WSYD 1V\b\`m1 S4 1-\ aWdO j*b1W1y Z*/1qWSanE hb\ \Z dab*Z\,Sb a,\1 *`ab,\E V*V b\WnV\ \ZS ]`S/db , -\`\/D b\+m Sa]`*,Sbn ob\ ]`1/ab*,W1ZS1 S ]\V*4*bnE hb\ /\ dab*Z\,W1ZSq *`O ab,* +mW\ 1k1 /*W1V\E Sada a`*,ZSW a1+q a wh1W\O ,1V\Y 4Z*bZ\-\ `\/*xE V\b\`\Yd ]`1/ab\qW\ \b]`*O ,Sbnaq w, /*W1Vdp ab`*ZdE hb\+m ]\WdhSbn g*`aVdp ,W*abnx15D ˙Wq Sada* w/*W1V\y ab`*Z\yx +mW\ Z1+\E -/1 \Z /\W31Z +mW ]\WdhSbn \b bg* g*`aVdp ,W*abnD \ Sada 4Z*WE hb\ Z1 ab*Z1b 1aaS*ZaVSY *`1Y a`*4d 31 ]\aW1 ,\4,`*k1ZSq Z* Z1+\E * +d/1b aS/1bn ]\ ]`*,dp `dVd \b \-* S 3/*bn Z*4Z*h1ZZ\-\ ,`1O Y1ZSD *V ]\V*4*W* Sab\`SqE 1-\ \3S/*ZS1 ]`\/WSO W\an YZ\-S1 ,1V* LaD 55>B5E 6C *beD 66B87E 88C ˚,`D 5>B56E 57MD 58

\-/* *`ab,\ \-* ]`S/1bH ˛* Z1aV\WnV\ /Z1y /\ aY1`bS Sada* h1b,1`\

15 \4Y\3Z\E ]`Sbh* Sada* Z*]\YZSW* 1-\ aWdj*b1WqY \+ `f1O W*1E amZ1 `\/* I 1WSV\-\D 1`1/ aY1`bnp `\/ `*a]\`q/SWaqE hb\+m `f1W*y ab*W ]`*,Sb1W1Y d/1S S /`d-Sf \+W*ab1yD \ ]`13O /1 h1Y `f1W*y aY\- ]`Sabd]Sbn V ]`*,W1ZSpE 1Yd ]`SjW\an a\,1`O jSbn /*W1V\1 ]db1j1ab,S1 , SYE hb\+m 4*`dhSbnaq ]\//1`3V\y g1O 4*`q ,-dab*D

58D *M *V Sada \b,1bSW Z* ,\]`\a h1b,1`mf *]\ab\W\,H +M  h1Y a,S/1b1Wnab,d1b Sa]\WZ1ZS1 ]`\`\h1ab,* Sada*H w& ˙˚  ˚  x

59

*]\ab\W\, a]`\aSWS 1-\B w b\ +d/1b ]`S4Z*V\Y b,\1-\ ]`Sadbab,Sq S 4*,1`j1ZSq aSab1Ym ,1k1yHx L*beD 68B7C *`D 57B8MD b,1h*q Z* Sf ,\]`\aE Sada ]`S,1W \+jS`Z\1 ]`\`\h1ab,\E 4*]Sa*ZZ\1 , 68Oy S 69Oy -W*O ,*f ˚,*Z-1WSq \b *be1qD Sada ]\/`\+Z\ S4W\3SWE V*VS1 YS`\,m1 a\+mbSq ]\aWd3*b ]`S4Z*V\Y ]1`S\O /*E Z*4,*ZZ\-\ 1-\ w]`Sadbab,S1YxD *h*W\ 1-\ ]`SO adbab,Sq a\,]*/1b a dab*Z\,W1ZS1Y *`ab,*E * VdWnO YSZ*gS1y ob\-\ ]`Sadbab,Sq ab*Z1b ]`Sf\/ *`ab,*D ˚abn YZ\-\ /\V*4*b1Wnab, b\-\E hb\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ SO ada* Sa]\WZq1baq a 5=58 -\/*16D W1/\,*b1WnZ\E , b\Y -\/d Z*h*W\an 1-\ ]`Sadbab,S1 S +mW\ dab*Z\,W1O Z\ *`ab,\D 59  V\-/* \3n1 *`ab,\ ]`S/1bH Sada Z1 dV*4*W b\hZ\y /*bm L*beD 68B7:MD /Z*V\ Z1V\b\`m1 1-\ aW\,* d+13/*pb Z*a , b\YE hb\ ob\ ]`\S4\y/1b a\,a1Y aV\`\D Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ *`ab,\ ]`S/1b ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V wob\ ]\V\W1ZS1x d,S/Sb Sa]\WZ1ZS1 ]`\`\h1aV\O -\ ]`S4Z*V*D L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q 68B76P78DM  V\O Yd \bZ\aqbaq aW\,* wob\ ]\V\W1ZS1xH ˙*,*yb1 +\W11 ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ SaaW1/d1Y aW\,* Sada*D 16 \Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS Y\3Z\ Z*ybS , VZS-1 w*aad3/1ZS1 a ]\O Y\knp Sa*ZSyxE ab`*ZSgm 6;9P6;=D

59E 5:D  V\Yd \bZ\aqbaq aW\,* wob\ ]\V\W1ZS1xH 5:



  I

5:

w'b\ ]\V\W1ZS1xD \,\`SW WS Sada \ Z1,1`dpO kSfH 1bD a]\YZSYE V V\Yd \Z \+`*k*WaqD Sada ]`\S4Z1a ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ , ]`Sadbab,SS Z1aV\WnVSf *]\ab\W\,E V\b\`m1 w]\/\jWS V Z1Yd \/ZSx L*beD 68B7MD aV\`1 *]\ab\Wm /\W3Zm +mWS +mbn ]\Y*4*Zm a,qbmY /df\YD *V31 \+`*bSY ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* V\Zb1Vab aW\, Sada*D 1`1/ b1Y V*V d]\YqZdbn \+ wob\Y ]\O V\W1ZSSxE \Z aV*4*WB w \4nYSb1 /Wq ]`SY1`* SZ3S`D *V b\WnV\ 1-\ ,1b,S ab*Z\,qbaq Yq-VSYS S Z* ZSf ]\q,Wqpbaq WSabnqE ,m 4Z*1b1E hb\ W1b\ d31 +WS4V\D *V S V\-/* d,S/Sb1 ,a1 ob\E 4Z*yb1E hb\ \Z +WS4V\E d /,1`1yxD \Y*4*ZZm1 ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Sada* P * Z1 Z1,1`dpkS1 P /\W3Zm +mWS d,S/1bn b\E hb\ \Z ]`1/O aV*4*WE S ]\Zqbn 4Z*h1ZS1 d,S/1ZZ\-\B Sada wd /,1O `1yxD W1/\,*b1WnZ\E -\,\`q \+ wob\Y ]\V\W1ZSSxE SO ada ]\/`*4dY1,*W a,\Sf ]\Y*4*ZZmf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1yD 5; w1 Sah14Z1b ob\ ]\V\W1ZS1E V*V ,a1 ob\ ]`\O S4\y/1bxD *V Sa]\WZqbaq obS aW\,*H b\+m \b,1bSbn Z* ob\b ,\]`\aE Zd3Z\ \]`1/1WSbnE hb\ 4Z*h*b aW\O ,* w]\V\W1ZS1x S w,a1 ob\xD S+WSS ]\/ w]\V\W1O ZS1Yx h*ab\ ]\/`*4dY1,*pbaq Wp/S `*4WShZmf ,\4O `*ab\,E 3S4ZS V\b\`mf ]1`1a1V*pbaq Z* ]`\bq31ZSS 5;D b\ 4Z*h*b aW\,* w]\V\W1ZS1x S w,a1 ob\xH w& ˙˚  ˚  x

5;

V*V\-\Ob\ ]`\Y13dbV* ,`1Y1ZSD 1an ]1`S\/E , V\O b\`my 3S,1b ]\V\W1ZS1E Z1 Y\31b +mbn \h1Zn /\WO -SYE SE V`\Y1 b\-\E d Z1-\ 1abn V\Z1g LafD 5B:MD \/ ,m`*31ZS1Y w,a1 ob\x ]\/`*4dY1,*pbaq ,a1 a\O +mbSqE V\b\`m1E a\-W*aZ\ ]`\`\h1ab,*YE /\W3Zm ]`\O Saf\/Sbn ,\ ,`1Yq ]`Sadbab,Sq Sada*E \b 1-\ Z*h*O W* , 5=58 -\/d /\ VdWnYSZ*gSS , w,1WSV\Y +1/ab,SSx L*beD 68B65MD 5
>>E Y*W\Yd ab*/d `Sab*D *V Ym d,S/SY , 9Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-SE /\ 5=79 -\/* ahSb*W\anE hb\ w,1WSV\1 YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1yxE \ V\b\`\Y -\,\`Sbaq , bV`\,1ZSS ;B=E 5>E +d/1b ,VWph*bn YZ\-Sf hW1Z\, g1`V,1y f`SabS*ZaV\-\ YS`* S hb\ \ZS ab*Zdb ,b\`\ab1]1ZO ZmY Z1+1aZmY VW*aa\Y , Z*-`*/d 4* b\E hb\ , a*Y\Y V\Zg1 ,m+1`db ab\`\Zd `Sab*D

5 5MD *V 31 \ZS \jS+*WSanI 78D b\ ]`\S4\jW\ , 5=5< -\/d S ]\h1Yd ]`1/ab*,Sb1WS f`SO abS*ZaVSf g1`V,1y /dY*WSE hb\ Z*`\/ \-* wdY1`xH  ˚ ˚  ˝˙˚) 

7=

\4`\3/1ZS1I 79 `*-S SabSZm /*31 Z1 /\-*/m,*WSanE hb\ SO ada /\]daV*WE hb\+m \3Sy Z*`\/ ]\abS-*WS obS b`d/Z\abSE b\WnV\ ]\b\YdE hb\ 1-\,* d31 a1W wV*V ]W*,SWnkSV S V*V \hSk*pkSy a1`1+`\x L*WD 7B7MD S 1-\,*E ZS 1-\ mZ ZSaV\WnV\ Z1 a\YZ1,*WSanE hb\ ,1`Zm1 f`SabS*Z1 ,my/db S4 obSf ad`\,mf SaO ]mb*ZSy \hSk1ZZmYS S 1k1 Wdhj1 ]\/-\b\,W1ZZmO YS V b\YdE hb\+m aWd3Sbn a,\1Yd *`pD Z*h*W1 5=5= -\/* ab*W\ qaZ\E hb\ /df \-* a\,1`jSW b\E hb\E a b\hVS 4`1ZSq ,`*-\, \3n1-\ Z*`\/*E +mW\ Z1,\4O Y\3Z\D 1`Zm1 \-d f`SabS*Z1 +mWS aW\,Z\ ,\4O ,`*k1Zm V 3S4ZSI L bVD 55B55MD b\ ,`1Yq SaO ]\WZSW*an \/Z* S4 ,*3Zmf a\ab*,WqpkSf ]`S4Z*V* ]\aW1/ZSf /Z1yB `Sab\a Z*4Z*hSW w,1`Z\-\ S +W*-\O `*4dYZ\-\ `*+*x P Z1+\Wnjdp -`d]]d ]\Y*4*ZZmf /df\Y Yd3hSZE V\b\`m1 /\W3Zm `dV\,\/Sbn \3nSY Z*`\/\YE /*,*q 1Yd /df\,Zdp ]Skd ,\,`1Yq L*beD 68B89P8;MD 7: 6: Y*`b* 5=5= -\/* +`*b* db1`e\`/* S /`d-Sf *`1ab\,*ZZmf ,Y1ab1 a ZSY +`*bn1, ,m]dO 79D \h1Yd Sada /\]daV*WE hb\+m 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y ]\O abS-*WS b`d/Z\abSE S hb\ \Z ]`1/]`SZqWE hb\+m SY ]\Y\hnH 7:D b\ ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ Z*`\/ \-* +mW ,\4`\3/1Z /df\,Z\H 8>



  I

abSWS S4 bp`nYmD aV\`1 ]\aW1 ob\-\ +mW\ \+lq,W1O Z\E hb\ , a1Zbq+`1 a\ab\Sbaq V\Z-`1aaD mW\ `1j1Z\ Z*h*bn S4/*ZS1 ,b\`\-\ 3d`Z*W*E V\b\`my ]\WdhSW Z*4,*ZS1 w˛\W\b\y ,1VxD Z +mW 4*/dY*Z V*V a]dbZSV wb\`\31,\y +*jZSx S ]`1/Z*4Z*h*Waq /Wq Sa]\WnO 4\,*ZSq , ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aV\Y aWd31ZSS19D b\Y 31 -\/d d,S/1W a,1b ]1`,my ,m]daV w pWW1b1Zqx La1-\/O Zq w*j* f`SabS*ZaV*q 3S4Zn S aWd31ZS1xMD  a*Y\O -\ ]1`,\-\ ,m]daV* ob* ]d+WSV*gSq ]\+d3/*W* V ]`\O ]\,1/ZSh1aV\Yd aWd31ZSpD *V ,S/Z\E a 5=5= -\/* ab*W\ ]`S/*,*bnaq ,a1 +\Wnj1 4Z*h1ZSq aWd31ZSp ]\ /\Y*YD 7; `\]\,1/ZSh1aV\1 aWd31ZS1 ]\a]\a\+ab,\,*W\ /*WnZ1yj1Yd \hSk1ZSp aWd3Sb1W1y `Sab* P -\`O /m1 S ,ma\V\Y1`Zm1 Wp/S Z1 31W*WS 4*ZSY*bnaq obSY Y*W\]\h1bZmY /1W\YD 1E Vb\ Z1 f\b1W ]`\]\O ,1/\,*bnE ]\`,*WS \bZ\j1ZSq a ,1`ZmYS \-d Wp/nO YSD \aW1 5=5= -\/* Z1V\b\`m1 S4 ZSfE \4W\+S,O jSanE \]dabSWSan /\ VW1,1bm S /*31 ]`Sa\1/SZSWSan V ]`1aW1/\,*b1WqY aWd3Sb1W1y 1-\,mD 19 Z\-S1 -\/m wb\`\31,*q +*jZqx ]`1/Z*4Z*h*W*an -W*,ZmY \+`*4\Y /Wq hW1Z\, Y*W\-\ ab*/*E hb\+m \ZS h1`]*WS S4 Z11 Z*ab*,O W1ZS1D

7;D h1Y ]`\q,SW*an Z1,1`Z\abn Z1V\b\`mf ]\aW1 5=5= -\/*H  ˚ ˚  ˝˙˚) 

85

7
> W1b a Y\Y1Zb* 1-\ `\3/1ZSq Z* Z1+1D *3/*q h*abn ob\y VZS-S \a,1O k*1b \/Zd S4 ab\`\Z /1qb1WnZ\abS *`ab,* Z* 41YW1D V*3/\y -W*,1 1abn `*YV* /Wq ]\,b\`1ZSqE V\b\`*q ]\Y\31b Z*Y ]`\,1`SbnE `1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq Z*aD 4*VWphSb1WnZmf -W*,*f Ym \+ad/SYE h1-\ Z*Y \3SO /*bnE V\-/* , +WS3*yj1Y +d/dk1Y *`ab,\ ]`S/1bE hb\+m dZShb\3Sbn Z1h1abS,mf S ]`1,`*bSbn 41YWp , `*yD \h1Yd ,*Y ab\Sb S4dhSbn obd VZS-dH 8> *b*Z* f\h1b `*4`djSbn ,*jd ,1`d , \3n1 *`O 7D *M *V\,m Z1V\b\`m1 \a\+1ZZ\abS ob\y VZS-SH +M \h1Yd ,*Y ab\Sb S4dhSbn obd VZS-dH 86



  I

ab,\D  1-\,* f\h1b 11 dV`1]SbnE hb\+m \Z* 4*kSk*O W* ,*a S ]`S/*,*W* ,*Y aSW L'eD :B5:MD \ob\Yd Ym ]\+d3/*1Y ,*a da1`/Z\ SaaW1/\,*bn obd VZS-dD \ ,`1O Yq S4dh1ZSq a]`*jS,*yb1 a1+qB w1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\

\-* /Wq Y1ZqHx 1/n h1Y `1*WnZ11 \Z\ /Wq ,*a a1-\/O ZqE b1Y +\Wnj1 ,1`\qbZ\abn b\-\E hb\ ,m +d/1b1 ,1`O Z\ ]\//1`3S,*bn 1-\ , /1ZnE V\-/* ,a1 3S,dkS1 d,SO /qbE hb\ *`ab,\ \-* `1*WnZ\ S hb\ \Z\ ]`*,SbI

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ b\ ]\Y\-*W ]\/-\b*,WS,*bn SabSZZmf ]\aW1O /\,*b1W1y Sada* V `\3/1ZSp *`ab,*H ˇ V*VSf h1bm`1f \+W*abqf ]`\,\/SW*an ]\/-\O b\,V* SabSZZmf f`SabS*Z V ]`*,W1ZSp *`O ab,* \-*H ˇ \h1Yd Y\3Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ *`ab,\ P ob\ `1*WnZ\1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\H LY\b`Sb1 `*YVd w*`ab,\ \-* P `1*WnZ\1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\xDM ˇ h1Y YmE ]\//1`3S,*q *`ab,\E Y\31Y ]\/O `*3*bn ,1`ZmY ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY `Sab*E 3S,O jSY ab\W1bS1 Z*4*/H  ˚ ˚  ˝˙˚) 

87

     ˚   &˚     ˚  &  

* a*Y\Y WS /1W1 *`ab,\ \-* P `1*WnZ\1 ]`*,Sb1WnO ab,\H *aaY\b`SY WSjn Z1V\b\`m1 1-\ \a\+1ZZ\abSD \O /dY*yb1E Z1 ]\V*4m,*1b WS V*3/*q S4 ZSfE hb\ *`ab,\ b*V 31 `1*WnZ\E V*V S Wp+\1 S4 adk1ab,dpkSf a1-\/Zq ]`*O ,Sb1Wnab,E a\4/*ZZmf Wp/nYSE S hb\ \Z\ -\`*4/\ Wdhj1 SfH ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

  ˚& Sada `Sab\aE Z*h*,jSy ]`*,Sbn , 5=58 -\/dEP Y\-dk1ab,1ZZmyE a]`*,1/WS,myE Yd/`my S YSW\O a1`/Zmy *`nE V\b\`my aYS`1ZZ\ ]\/hSZq1baq 1-\O ,1 \-d LaD =B:E ;C 55B5P7MD \bWShS1 \b Z1a\,1`O j1ZZmf h1W\,1h1aVSf ]`*,Sb1W1yE \Z Z1]\/Vd]1ZE 1-\ /1yab,SqY Z1 Y1j*pb `1j1ZSq a,\1,\WnZmf V\ZO -`1aa\, S ]*`W*Y1Zb\, SWS /*,W1ZS1 W\++Sab\,D ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˛˙˚&)   ˙˚) & \aZ\,1 a\,1`j1ZZ\-\ 4*V\Z*E w4*V\Z* `Sab*xE W13Sb ]`SY1`E V\b\`my Sada \ab*,SWE 3S,q Z* 41YO W1 L *WD :B6C 5 1bD 6B65MD 1-\,* ]1`1/*W mZd ,1an ad/E S Sada Sa]\WZq1b ]\`dh1ZZ\1 1Yd 4*/*ZS1 a\,1`j1ZZmY \+`*4\YE hb\ Z1 ]\/ aSWd ZS \/Z\Yd ad/n1 S4 hSaW* Wp/1y L\*ZD 9B66MD 88

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˚&) &

Sada* 1abn 588 >>> a\]`*,Sb1W1yE V\b\`m1 ,Y1ab1 a ZSY +d/db a]`*,1/WS,\ ]`*,Sbn 41YW1yD /Z* S4 -W*,Zmf g1W1y ]`*,W1ZSq `Sab* P ]`SYS`Sbn WpO /1y a \-\YD \ob\Yd 1-\ a\]`*,Sb1WS b*V31 +d/db aWd3Sbn a,qk1ZZSV*YS LbVD 58B5C 6>B:MD ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

 ) Sada V\Y*Z/d1b a*Y\y Y\kZ\y *`YS1y P \-`\YZmY ,\SZab,\Y Y\-dk1ab,1ZZmf *Z-1W\, 1-\,mD V\`\ ob* *`YSq ,abd]Sb , ,\yZd ]`\bS, ,a1-\ 4W* LaD 89B5E 7P9C bVD 5=B55E 58P5:MD

˚˝˙˚˚   ˚&  `1ab\W Sada* Z*f\/Sbaq Z* Z1+1E `q/\Y a ]`1O ab\W\Y 1-\ bg*D 1+1a* P ob\ w,\4,mj1ZZ\1 3SWSO k1 a,qb\abS S V`*a\bmxE , V\b\`\Y \+Sb*1b 1-\,* LaD :7B59MD ˙1yab,Sb1WnZ\ WS ob\ `1*WnZ\1 Y1ab\H ˙*E \Z\ Z*YZ\-\ `1*WnZ11 Wp+\y ab\WSgm SWS ]`*O  ,Sb1Wnab,1ZZ\-\ 4/*ZSq Z* 41YW1E b*V V*V ,a1E hb\ Z* Z1+1E Z1 ]\/,1`31Z\ `*4`dj1ZSp L*beD :B6>MD

˛˚%˚ ˙˚) 1-\/Zq ]\//*ZZm1 Sada* 3S,db , `*4Zmf ab`*O Z*f S ]\/\+Zm SZ\ab`*Zg*YE V\b\`m1E ]`\3S,*q , 89

hd3\y ab`*Z1E ]\/hSZqpbaq 11 4*V\Z*YD \ 1-\,* /*W SY /df\,Zdp ab`*ZdE , V\b\`\y \ZS Sa]\WZqpb ,\Wp *`q LaD :>B6C ::B aaW1/\,*b1WS S+WSS ]`SZSY*pb Z*4,*ZS1 aa\gS*O gSq 13/dZ*`\/Zmf aaW1/\,*b1W1y S+WSS 9>

5=55P5=56 *`W4 *aa1WW S 1k1 j1abn +`*bn1, a\,1`j*pb V`d-\a,1bZdp ]\14/Vd L\+k1y ]`\bq31ZZ\abnp \V\W\ 9: >>> VSW\Y1b`\,ME hb\+m ]\Zqbn wa\ab\qZS1 f`SabSO *Zab,* S ]1`a]1VbS,m 1-\ `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSqx , `*4Zmf ab`*Z*fE ,VWph*q Z/SpE Sb*yE SWS]]SZm S )]\ZSp 5=58 55 qZ,*`q , npO•\`V1 ]`\f\/Sb ]1`,my ]\V*4 w\b\O /`*Ym b,\`1ZSqxE , b1h1ZS1 aW1/dpk1-\ Y1aqg* 11 ]\O V*4m,*pb 1k1 , ]qbS -\`\/*fD ˙\ V\Zg* -\/* `*4WShO Zm1 ,1`aSS e\b\/`*Ym aY\b`qb \V\W\ = >>> >>> h1W\O ,1V , 1,1`Z\y Y1`SV1E ˚,`\]1E ,ab`*WSS S \,\y ˛1W*Z/SS \Vbq+`1 +`*b *aa1WW \+lq,Wq1b ,1eSWnaV\y a1Yn1B w `1Y1Z* q4mhZSV\, 4*V\ZhSWSanE /ZS Sf g*`1y ]`SO jWS V V\ZgdIx \ aW\,*Y ]`Sadbab,\,*,j1y ]`S ob\Y a1ab`mE \Z /\+*,SWB w\ob\Yd Ym Z1 4Z*1YE hb\ Z*a 3/1bx

95

& 5

     ˚ ˙df\,Z*q ]Sk* ,\,`1Yq ˛ (#• S+WSp ]\ZSY*1b aYmaW b\WnV\ hb\ ]`\hSO b*ZZ\-\ ,*YS abSf*E S 1-\ -W*4* 4*-\`*pbaq \b `*/\abSD w m f\bSb1 aV*4*bnE S+WSq dhSbE hb\ Ym Y\31Y ,1hZ\ 3Sbn , *p ]`qY\ 4/1anE Z* 41YW1Hx P a Z1/\,1`S1Y -\,\`Sb \ZD w hb\ ,m b\WnV\ hb\ ]`\hSb*WS , S+WSSHx P a]`*jS,*O 1b 1-\ a dWm+V\y ,*j Z*]*`ZSV ]\ aWd31ZSpD 4dh*pkSy S4dYW1ZZ\ V*h*1b -\W\,\yB w*/\ 31I SV\-/* \+ ob\Y Z1 aWmj*WIx m ,a]\YSZ*1b1E hb\ \Z d31 -\,\`SW Z1hb\ ]\O /\+Z\1 Z1aV\WnV\ Z1/1Wn Z*4*/E V\-/* ,]1`,m1 daWmj*WE hb\ SYq \-* P 1-\,*D `\Saf\/SW\ WS a ,*YS Z1hb\ ]\/\+Z\1H Z\-S1 aWd3Sb1O WS \-* aV*3dbE hb\ /*D *W\ hb\ Y\31b b*V q`V\ Z*]\YO ZSbn Z*Y \ b\YE Z*aV\WnV\ g1ZZmY /*`\Y Ym \+W*/*1YEP Ym 4Z*1Y SabSZdI \ \ab*Z\,Sb1an S 4*/dY*yb1anB V*V\y ]dbn ]`\/1W*W ob\b /*`E ]`13/1 h1Y /\j1W /\ ,*aH 'b\Yd ,\]`\ad ]\a,qk1Z* ]1`,*q h*abn VZS-SE V\b\`dp ,m /1`O 3Sb1 , `dV*fD \E V*V \3Sy Z*`\/ ,a1 qaZ11 ]\ZSY*W SabSO ZdE aWd3Sb d+1/Sb1WnZmY /\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y b\-\E hb\ *`O ab,\ \-* `1*WnZ\D 31 ab\W1bS1 *`n ob\-\ *`ab,*E Sada `Sab\aE 4*+\bSbaq \ b\YE hb\+m Z*`\/ \-* dhSWaq SabSZ1D

7

1-\,* \bV`m,*1b a,\1 Z*Y1`1ZS1

˚  %

1-\,* \bV`m,*1b a,\1 Z*Y1`1ZS1 ]\ab1]1ZZ\ S b\WnV\ b1YE Vb\ ]`\q,Wq1b ]\hbSb1WnZmy ab`*f ]1`1/ ZSY

( )#˚ `\/Sb1WS ]`S,W1V*pb /1b1y V \+ad3/1ZSp a1Y1yZmf ,\]`\a\,D /Z*V\E ]`\q,Wqq +W*-\`*4dYS1E \ZS Z1 \+ad3/*pb a /1bnYS *+a\WpbZ\ ,a1D ZS -\,\O `qb ab\WnV\E aV\WnV\ /1bS Y\-db da,\Sbn , aSWd a,\1O -\ ,\4`*ab*D 6 \/\+ZmY \+`*4\YE 1-\,* \bV`m,*1b a,\1 Z*Y1O `1ZS1 \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ h1W\,1h1aV\y a1YnS ]\ab1]1ZZ\ S b\WnV\ b\-/*E V\-/* /Wq ob\-\E ]\ 1-\ YZ1ZSpE Z*O abd]*1b ]\/f\/qk11 ,`1YqD ˙*,*yb1 V`*bV\ `*aaY\bO `SYE V*V Z* ]`\bq31ZSS Sab\`SS 1-\,* \bV`m,*W SaO bSZm \ *`ab,1D 7

\h1Yd Z1\+f\/SY\ *`ab,\H 4Z*h*WnZ\ 1aaS*ZaV\1 *`ab,\ Z1 ,f\/SW\

5E 6D *V 1-\,* \bV`m,*1b a,\1 Z*Y1`1ZS1 \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ h1W\,1h1ab,*H 7E 8D `1/\]`1/1WSW WS 1-\,* f\/ h1W\,1h1aV\y Sab\`SSH +lqaZSb1D ˚  % ˚  ˚ ˚˚˚

97

, Z*Y1`1ZS1 1-\,mD \h1YdH 1-\,* Z1 ]`1/\]`1O /1WqW f\/ h1W\,1h1aV\y Sab\`SSC \Z a\4/*W Wp/1y a\ a,\+\/\y ,\WSD Z S4W\3SW /*Yd S ˚,1 a,\y 4*YmO a1W , \bZ\j1ZSS h1W\,1h1ab,*E aV*4*,B wW\/Sb1an S `*4YZ\3*yb1anE Z*]\WZqyb1 41YWpE ,\4/1Wm,*yb1 11x L mbD 5B6 W1b a]dabq h1`14 ]`\`\V* ˙*O ZSSW* 1-\,* dV*4*W -\/E V\-/* \Y*4*ZZSVE SWS 1aO aSqE ]\q,Sbaq Z* 41YW1 L˙*ZD =B69MD \h1Yd 1-\,* \bO V`mW a,\1 Z*Y1`1ZS1 ˙*ZSSWdH \b\Yd hb\ \Z ahSb*W ˙*ZSSW* wh1W\,1V\Y /`*-\g1ZZmYx P ,1/n ˙*ZSSW hbSW 1-\ S aWd3SW 1Yd a ]\ab\qZab,\Y L˙*ZD :B5:C =B66E 67MD 56 \bq 1-\,* ]\+d3/*W b*VSf ,1`Zmf ]`\`\V\,E V*V ˙*ZSSWE 4*]Sam,*bn YZ\-S1 ]\/`\+Z\abS \+ \+1O k*ZZ\Y \b\YV1E 1aaSSE \Z Z1 ahSb*WE hb\ b\-/* d31 ]`SjW\ ,`1Yq Z*/1WSbn a,\Sf aWd3Sb1W1y ]\WO ZmY ]\ZSY*ZS1Y ,a1-\E hb\ \ZS 4*]Sam,*WS ]\/ 1-\ ,/\fZ\,1ZS1YD *]`SY1`E ]\WdhS, ,S/1ZS1 \ b\YE 5>E 55D \h1Yd 1-\,* \bV`mW a,\1 Z*Y1`1ZS1 ˙*,S/d S ˙*O ZSSWdH 56D *V\1 ]\,1W1ZS1 +mW\ /*Z\ ˙*ZSSWd S ]\h1YdH ˚  % ˚  ˚ ˚˚˚

9;

V*V +d/1b dab*Z\,W1Z\ *`ab,\ \-*E ˙*ZSSW daWmO j*W ]\,1W1ZS1 4*]1h*b*bn ]`\`\h1ab,\ /\ Z*4Z*h1ZO Z\-\ 1-\,\y ,`1Y1ZSE , V\b\`\1 wSabSZZ\1 4Z*ZS1 dYZ\3Sbaqx L˙*ZD 56B8MD

Sada ]`\WS,*1b a,1b Z* \3n1 Z*Y1`1ZS1 57 1-\,* qaZ\ /*W ]\ZqbnE hb\ \+1k*ZZmy \b\O Y\V S4 `\/* ˙*,S/*E V\b\`my /\W31Z ab*bn *O `1YEP ob\ Sada LdVS 5B7>P77C 7B65E 66MD *h*, aWd31ZS1 Z* 41YW1E Sada \4*`SW Wp/1y 4Z*ZSqYS \ Z*Y1`1ZSS \-*E ]\/\+Z\ b\Yd V*V WdhS ,\af\/qk1O -\ a\WZg* \4*`qpb 41YWp L*beD 8B57P5;MD *]`SO Y1`E Sada dab`*ZSW ,aqVS1 a\YZ1ZSq ]\ ]\,\/d b\O -\E Vb\ q,Wq1baq w4Y11YxE d]\YqZdbmY , mbSS 7B58E 59EP \Z Z*4,*W ˙nq,\W* wd+Syg1yx S w\bg\Y W3Sx L\*ZD `*4D 'b\ ,]\WZ1 ]\ZqbZ\E ,1/n ˚,O `1yaVS1 Sa*ZSq a\a`1/\b\h1Zm Z* \b\3/1ab,W1ZSS 1aaSSE , ZSf Z1 d/1Wq1baq aWSjV\Y YZ\-\ ,ZSY*ZSq *b*Z1D \-/* 1aaSq ]`SO j1WE \Z ]\WZ\abnp `*4\+W*hSW *b*ZdE S \+ ob\Y 4*]Sa*Z\ , `SabSO *ZaVSf `1h1aVSf Sa*ZSqfD

57D *M b\ +mW \+1k*ZZmY \b\YV\YH +M *V Sada ]`\WSW a,1b Z* ]`\`\h1ab,\ S4 mbSq 7B59H 9
Of -\/\,H +M *V +\W11 -Wd+\V\1 ]\ZSY*ZS1 \b`*4SW\an Z* ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aV\y /1qb1WnZ\abS aaW1/\,*b1W1y S+WSSH LY\b`Sb1 b*V31 `*YO Vd w\kZmy abSYdW /Wq ]`\]\,1/SxDM ˚  ˛ ˚  ˚  ˚ )

;;

#%•   ˙)   ˚˙  +\W11 qaZ\1 ]\ZSY*ZS1 a]\`Z\-\ ,\]`\a*E a,qO 4*ZZ\-\ a \a,qk1ZS1Y SY1ZS \-*E ]\,WSqW\ Z* \bO Z\j1ZS1 aaW1/\,*b1W1y S+WSS V /1Wd ]`\]\,1/SH 5=7> -\/d , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x +mW\ Z*]Sa*Z\B w\-/* ob* SabSZ* \ Z1\+f\/SY\abS \a,qk*bn \3n1 SYq -Wd+\V\ dV\`1Zq1baq , dY1 f`SabS*ZSZ*E \Z Z*O hSZ*1b \a\4Z*,*bnE V*V*q ob\ h1abn /Wq Z1-\ P a,SO /1b1Wnab,\,*bn \ aW\,1 S SY1ZS 1-\,m \-*xD ˙1yO ab,Sb1WnZ\E ]\ZSY*ZS1 b\-\E hb\ -W*,Zmy a]\`Zmy ,\]`\a a,q4*Z a \a,qk1ZS1Y \3n1-\ SY1ZSE aWdO 3SW\ /Wq +`*bn1, S a1ab1` Y\kZmY abSYdW\YE hb\O +m ]`\]\,1/\,*bn LaD -\/* S ,1`Z\ a,S/1b1Wnab,\,*W* \+ 1-\,1 /\ SpWq 6>>7 -\/*E V\-/* , ,\4`*ab1 =: W1b 4*,1`jSW* a,\y 41YZ\y ]dbnD b\ ]\+d3/*W\ 1W1Z ]`\]\,1/\O ,*bn , b1h1ZS1 YZ\-Sf /1aqbSW1bSyH *VOb\ \Z* aV*O 4*W*B w b\-\ /Zq S /\ aSf ]\` Y\1 a*Y\1 +\Wnj\1 31O W*ZS1DDD \hSk*bn \b VW1,1bm SYq S W\,\ 1-\,m \O -*xD a\4Z*ZS1 b\-\E hb\ Ym Y\31Y ,Z1abS a,\y ,VW*/ , \a,qk1ZS1 \3n1-\ SY1ZSE aWd3Sb /Wq Z*a Y\kZmY abSYdW\YE hb\+m ]`\]\,1/\,*bnD 59

 5=7>OY -\/*Y Z*jS +`*bnq ]`S\+`1WS ]`*O ,SWnZmy ,4-Wq/ Z* ,*3Z\abn \3n1-\ SY1ZSE ]\ZqO 59D *M \ZSY*ZS1 h1-\ ]`S\+`1WS Z*jS +`*bnq V 5=7>OY -\O /*YH +M ˙Wq h1-\ ]`SjW\ ,`1YqH ;
D *M *Vdp `14\WpgSp ]`SZqWS Z* V\Z-`1aa1 5=75 -\/dH +M *V +`*bnq ,\a]`SZqWS Z\,\1 Z*4,*ZS1H ˚  ˛ ˚  ˚  ˚ )

, MD 1WSV\1 YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1y ,f\/Sb , hSaO W\ w/`d-Sf \,1gxE \ V\b\`mf Sada aV*4*WB wf q b\O 31 /\W31Z ]`S,1abSx L\*ZD 5>B5:MD \-/* /\VW*/O hSVE ˙3\41e db1`e\`/E ]\]`\aSWB w ab*Znb1E ]\3*O Wdyab*E ,a1 b1E Vb\ ]Sb*1b Z*/13/d 3Sbn ,1hZ\ Z* 41YW1xE ]\/ZqW\an +\W11 ]\W\,SZm *d/Sb\`SSI w\O aY\b`Sb1I P ,\aVWSVZdW \ZDP \b ,1WSV\1 YZ\31O ab,\ Wp/1yIx Z\-S1 +mWS `*ab`\-*Zm /\ -Wd+SZm 5;D *M *V /df\,Zmy a,1b \4*`SW \3Sy Z*`\/ , 5=79 -\/dH +M *V ,1`Zm1 f`SabS*Z1 ,\a]`SZqWS Z\,\1 ]\ZSY*ZS1 b\-\E Vb\ q,Wq1baq ,1WSVSY YZ\31ab,\Y Wp/1yH LY\b`Sb1 `*YVd w 4/\f \+W1-h1ZSqxDM & % ˚ %  ˚

=9

/djSD ZS Z*V\Z1gOb\ ]\ZqWSE V*V*q d ZSf Z*/13/* Z* +d/dk11I 5<  b1f ]\` `Sab\a ]\+d3/*W Z*`\/ \-* a\a`1/\O b\hSbnaq Z* a+\`1 ,1WSV\-\ YZ\31ab,* Wp/1yE V\b\O `m1 g1WmYS S Z1,`1/SYmYS ,my/db S4 ,1WSV\-\ +1/O ab,SqD \Z*h*Wd a+\` j1W /\,\WnZ\ Y1/W1ZZ\D `*b db1`e\`/ /*31 V*VOb\ aV*4*WB wd/q ]\ ,a1YdE ,1WSO V\1 YZ\31ab,\ +d/1b Z1 b*VSY d3 ,1WSVSYxD \ a1O -\/Zq Ym ,S/SYE hb\ 1-\,* +W*-\aW\,SW 3*b,dI \/ `dV\,\/ab,\Y Sada* S a,qb\-\ /df* ]\Y*4*ZZSVS S Sf a]dbZSVS S4 hSaW* w/`d-Sf \,1gxE V*V S ]`1/aV*O 4m,*W SadaE ab*WS w\/ZSY ab*/\YxE V\b\`\1 ,1/1b w\/SZ ]*abdfxD 5=

\WnjSZab,\ ,1`Zmf \-d Wp/1y +d/db 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , 41YZ\Y `*p ]\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y `Sab* S 588 >>> 1-\ a\]`*,Sb1W1yD *4,1 Z1 ]`SqbZ\ `*4YmjO Wqbn \ b\YE V*VSY \+`*4\Y `Sab\a ]`S,1W \3Sy Z*`\/ V ]\ZSY*ZSp ob\y qaZ\y SabSZm P \aZ\,*ZO Z\y Z* Sa*ZSS Z*/13/m Z* +d/dk11H ˙Wq Z*a +\WnO j*q h1abn `*aaV*4m,*bn \+ ob\y Z*/13/1 b1YE V\-\ Ym 5B6DM

b\ 4Z*hSb +mbn ]`1/*ZZmY *`ab,d 6> *`\/d \-*E ,a1 +\Wnj1 d4Z*,*,j1Yd \ *`O ab,1E Zd3Z\ +mW\ qaZ11 ]\ZqbnE hb\ 4Z*hSb +mbn ]`1O /*ZZmY ob\Yd Z1+1aZ\Yd ]`*,Sb1Wnab,dD 5=66 -\/d wb\`\31,*q +*jZqx dV*4m,*W* Z* b\E hb\ adk1ab,dO pb /,1 \`-*ZS4*gSSB \`-*ZS4*gSq 1-\,m S \`-*ZSO 4*gSq *b*ZmD \aW1/Zqq a\ab\Sb S4 b`1f h*ab1y P V\YY1`gSSE `1WS-SS S ]\WSbSVSD 1E Vb\ f\bqb \ab*O ,*bnaq ]`1/*ZZmY \3n1Yd *`ab,d ,\ -W*,1 a `SO ab\YE Z1 /\W3Zm \aV,1`Zqbn a1+q Z1]\/\+*pkSY dh*O abS1Y , /1W*f Wp+\y S4 a\ab*,WqpkSf \`-*ZS4*gSS *b*Zm L6 \`D :B5;MD b\ ob\ \4Z*h*1bH 65 /df\,Z\y ]Sk1E ]`1/\ab*,Wq1Y\y ,1`ZmY `*O +\YE ]\aW1/\,*b1WnZ\ \+WSh*W*an Sa]\`h1ZZ\abn +\WnO j\-\ +S4Z1a* S Z*`\/d \-* /*,*WSan ]`1/d]`13/1ZSq 6>D 4 V*VSf h*ab1y a\ab\Sb \`-*ZS4*gSq *b*Zm S hb\ \3SO /*1baq \b ]`1/*ZZmf *`ab,d f`SabS*ZH 65D *M *V ,1`Zmy `*+ ]`1/d]`13/*W Z*`\/ \-* \+ \]*aZ\O abqfE a,q4*ZZmf a +\WnjSY +S4Z1a\YH +M b\ +mW\ aV*4*Z\ \ *,SW\Z1 1WSV\Y , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x , 5=:7 -\/dH & % ˚ %  ˚

=;

\ b\YE hb\ Z1 aW1/d1b +`\a*bnaq ,\ ,a1\+kdp ]\-\Zp 4* Y*b1`S*WnZmY L*beD :B68MD *V31 , Z*jSf ]d+WSO V*gSqf `*4\+W*h*W*an `1WS-S\4Z*q a\ab*,Wqpk*q \`O -*ZS4*gSS *b*ZmD 5=:7 -\/d , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x +mW\ qaZ\ ]\V*4*Z\E hb\ *,SW\Z 1WSVSy aSY,\WSO 4S`d1b Z1 b\WnV\ f`SabS*ZaVSy YS`E Z\ S ,ap YS`\O ,dp SY]1`Sp W\3Z\y `1WS-SSD *VSY \+`*4\YE V*V Ym d,S/SY , 5>Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-SE aWd3Sb1WqY \O -*E -/1 +m \ZS ZS 3SWSE ]\Y\-*WS ,mybS S4 W\3Z\y `1WS-SS S \hSabSbnaq \b ,a1-\E hb\ +mW\ a Z1y a,q4*Z\ L bVD 5>



  I

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ *V SabSZZm1 f`SabS*Z1 ]`SjWS V ]\ZSY*O ZSp SabSZm \ 5=58 -\/1 S V \a\4Z*ZSp b\-\E Z*aV\WnV\ ,*3Z\ \3n1 *`ab,\H ˇ b\ ]\+d3/*1b ,*a ]\Y\-*bn /`d-SY ab*Z\O ,Sbnaq 41YZmYS ]\//*ZZmYS *`ab,*H ˇ b\ Ym a1-\/Zq \a\4Z*1Y , \bZ\j1ZSS ]`1/*ZZ\abS *`ab,d S ]\/hSZ1ZSq ,majSY ,W*abqYH ˇ \h1Yd ,m d,1`1ZmE hb\ `Sab\a a ]\Y\knp a,qb\-\ /df* Z*]`*,Wq1b a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1O W1y V ]\ZSY*ZSp SabSZ \ *`ab,1 \-*H

& % ˚ %  ˚

5>5

& 6

  ˚˙&    ˚ *a]`\ab`*Z1ZS1 +W*-\y ,1abS ]\ ,a1Yd YS`d   , a,\y ,mf\/Z\y ,m a\+S`*1b1an , aWd31ZS1D m hd,ab,d1b1E hb\ Z1YZ\-\ dab*WSE S /dY*1b1B w*V +mW\ +m ]`SqbZ\ obSY db`\Y ]`\ab\ \b/\fZdbnIx \ ,m Y\WSb1an S `1j*1b1 ]\ybSD aWd31ZSS ,m a\b`d/ZSh*1b1 a ,1`Z\y ]\O 3SW\y a1ab`\yD ˚1 ab\yV\abn S /\+`\b* b`\-*pb ,*a /\ -WdO +SZm /djSD `\]\,1/dq ]\ /\Y*YE ,m ,/`d- \a\4Z*1b1E hb\ ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 ,*jS +`*bnq S a1ab`m Z1adb Wp/qY bd 31 a*O Ydp ,1abn S Sa]\Wn4dpb b*Vdp 31 WSb1`*bd`dE ,1/n d ,a1f ,*a \/Z* ]`\-`*YY* \+dh1ZSqD 1`Zd,jSanE ,m hd,ab,d1b1 ]`SWS, aSWD m b*V `*/mE hb\ Z1 \ab*WSan /\Y*I 1-\/Zq /1qb1WnZ\abn \3n1-\ *`ab,* a\a`1/\b\h1Z* -W*,O ZmY \+`*4\Y Z* f`SabS*ZaV\Y aWd31ZSSD Sada ]`1/aV*O 4*WE hb\ , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZS /1W\ ]`\]\,1/S /\abS-Z1b Z1,SO /*ZZ\-\ `*4Y*f* L*beD 68B58MD *V Sa]\WZq1baq 1-\ ]`\O `\h1ab,\H ob\y h*abS Ym ]\-\,\`SY \ +W*-\,1abZSV*fE Y1b\/*f S SZab`dY1Zb*fE S-`*pkSf ,*3Zdp `\Wn , f`SabSO *ZaV\Y aWd31ZSSE +W*-\/*`q V\b\`\Yd YSWWS\Zm Wp/1y ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 ,S/qbE hb\ *`ab,\ \-* `1*WnZ\D

:

W*-\,1abZSVS Wd3Sb1WSE a -\b\,Z\abnp ]`1/\ab*,S,jS1 a1+q

˚  %

*`n a\+S`*1b *`YSp ]`\]\,1/ZSV\,

 ˚ h*ab\ Z1 Sa]\WZqpb a,\Sf \+1k*ZSyD ˙*31 b1E Vb\ /,S3SYm +W*-SYS Z*Y1`1ZSqYSE Z1 ,a1O -/* Y\-db ,m]\WZSbn \+1k*ZZ\1D *V ]`SqbZ\E hb\ , ]`\bS,\]\W\3Z\abn SY 1aaS*ZaVSy *`nE Sada `Sab\aE ,a1-/* /1`3Sb a,\1 aW\,\I 6 b*, , 5=58 -\/d *`1YE Sada +mW -\b\, Sa]\WO ZSbn \+1k*ZS1E V\b\`\1 /*W \V\W\ 5 =>> W1b /\ b\O -\D 14*/\W-\ /\ aY1`bS \Z ]`1/aV*4*WB w'b* +W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1 +d/1b ]`\]\,1/*Z* ]\ ,a1y \+Sb*1O Y\y 41YW1x L*beD 68B58MD `\]\,1/nE \ V\b\`\y \Z -\,\`SWEP ob\ h*abn ]`S4Z*V* 1-\ ]`Sadbab,Sq , g*`O aV\y ,W*abSD /Z*V\ ,\4ZSV*1b ,*3Zmy ,\]`\aB aY\O 31b WS *`n , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZS P ,`1YqE \bWSh*pk11O aq o-\S4Y\YE \badbab,S1Y Wp+,S S `1WS-S\4Z\abSEP a\+`*bn *`YSp +W*-\,1abZSV\,E ]`\q,WqpkSf /df 5E 6D b\ ]`1/aV*4*W Sada S V*V\y ,\4ZSV*1b ,\]`\aH

 ˚

5>7

-\b\,Z\abSH L*beD 68B56C 6 SYD 7B5P9MD *Y Zd3O Z\ d4Z*bn \b,1b Z* ob\b ,\]`\aE ,1/n \Z 4*b`*-S,*1b ,a1f SabSZZmf f`SabS*ZD 7

+`*bSY 1k1 `*4 ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* ]`\`\h1ab,\ SadO a*D m`*3*pb WS aW\,* w+d/1b ]`\]\,1/*Z*x d,1`1ZO Z\abnH \Z1hZ\ /*I Sada Z1 a\YZ1,*WaqE hb\ , ]\aW1/O ZS1 /ZS \Z Z*y/1b b1fE Vb\ +d/1b -\b\, 1-\ ]\//1`3*bnD

bVd/* d Z1-\ +mW* b*V*q d,1`1ZZ\abnH Z ]1`1ZqW 11 d a,\1-\ bg* L\*ZD 56B89C 58B=MD ˙\ b\-\ V*V ]`SyO bS Z* 41YWpE \Z ,S/1WE Z*aV\WnV\ d,1`1Z 1-\,* , b\YE hb\ d ˚-\ aWd3Sb1W1y 1abn /df -\b\,Z\abSD ˙*,*yb1 ]\O aY\b`SYE V*V 1-\,* ,m`*3*W obd d,1`1ZZ\abnD

w,\y Z*`\/ a -\b\,Z\abnp ]`1/\ab*,Sb a1+qx 8 a]\YZSYE hb\ ]`\Saf\/SW\E V\-/* 1-\,* ]\,1O W1W \Sa1p a\\`d/Sbn a,qk1ZZmy j*b1`E V\b\`my /\W31Z +mW ab*bn /Wq Z*`\/* 4`*SWn g1Zb`\Y ]\O VW\Z1ZSqD 1`14 \Sa1q 1-\,* ]\+d/SW Z*`\/ ]\/O /1`3*bn ab`\Sb1Wnab,\D \Sa1y \+lq,SWB wdabn V*3O /myE V\-\ ,W1h1b a1`/g1E ]\31`b,d1b 1-\,1xD *VSY 7D h1Y +mW d,1`1Z Sada S \bVd/* d Z1-\ +mW* b*V*q d,1`1ZO Z\abnH 8D *V\1 /1W\ 1-\,* ]\]`\aSW ]\//1`3*bn S4`*SWnbqZ S V*V \ZS \bVWSVZdWSanH 5>8



  I

+mW \bVWSV S4`*SWnbqZH ZS ab*WS ]`SZ\aSbn /\+`\O ,\WnZm1 ]`SZ\j1ZSq V*3/\1 db`\D \31`b,\,*ZSy +mW\ b*V YZ\-\E hb\ ]`SjW\an ]\,1W1bn Z*`\/d ]1`1O ab*bn Sf ]`SZ\aSbnI LafD 79B9C 7:B7E :MD 4`*SWnbqO Z1 \]`*,/*WS /\,1`S1 1-\,mD 9

3S/*W WS 1-\,*E hb\ 1-\ aWd3Sb1WS , ]\aW1/O ZS1 /ZS +d/db ]`\q,Wqbn b*V\y 31 /df -\b\,Z\abSH ˙*I \W11 h1Y 4* 5 >>> W1b /\ `\3/1ZSq Sada* ‹ Z* 41YW1 1-\,* ]\+d/SW ˙*,S/* 4*]Sa*bnE hb\ +d/1b ]`\Saf\/Sbn ]`SY1`Z\ , b\ ,`1YqE V\-/* 1aaSq Z*hO Z1b a,\1 ]`*,W1ZS1D L`\hSb*yb1 a*W\Y 55>B5P7DM  Sada*E Z\,\Z*4Z*h1ZZ\-\ *`qE +d/db ,`*-SE V\b\O `m1 +d/db 1Yd ]`\bS,\/1yab,\,*bnD \ d Z1-\ +d/1b S *`YSq ab\`\ZZSV\,E V\b\`mf Z1 ]`S/1baq 4*ab*,O Wqbn 1Yd aWd3SbnD ˙*31 pZm1 ]`1/\ab*,qb a1+q a -\O b\,Z\abnpD (Zmf aWd3Sb1W1y +d/1b b*V YZ\-\E hb\ Sf ]\ ]`*,d Y\3Z\ +d/1b a`*,ZSbn a +1ahSaW1ZZmYS V*O ]1WnV*YS `\amE ]\V`m,*pk1y Z* `*aa,1b1 41YWp15D : Sada 4Z*WE hb\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ S4 55>O-\ a*WY* ]`SY1Zq1baq V Z1Yd L*beD 66B86P89MD \ob\Yd d Z1-\ +mWS ,a1 \aZ\,*ZSq /Wq d,1`1ZZ\abS , b\YE hb\ 15 S+WSS `\a* aSY,\WS4S`d1b S4\+SWS1 L mbD 6;B6B5P7E 1-\,*E * 4Z*hSbE S SO ada \3S/*WS d,S/1bn , a,\Sf aWd3Sb1Wqf , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSH

 ˚

5>9

d Z1-\ +d/db ]`1/*ZZm1 ab\`\ZZSVSE V\b\`m1 a -\b\,O Z\abnp ]`1/\ab*,qb a1+qE hb\+m ]`\]\,1/\,*bn +W*O -dp ,1abn ]\ ,a1y 41YW1D /*W\an WS *`p , ]\aW1/O ZS1 /ZS a\+`*bn *`YSp b*VSf ]`\]\,1/ZSV\,H h1Y -\,\`qb e*VbmH

w) ]\hSb*p 4* h1abn S ahSb*p a,\SY /\W-\Y ]`\,\4-W*j*bn obd ,1abnx ; aV\`1 ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V Sada ab*W *`1YE \Z Z*O h*W ]\/-\b*,WS,*bn a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y V ,m]\WZ1O ZSp \-`\YZ\y `*+\bmD *V Ym d,S/1WS ,\ 6Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-SE a 5=58 ]\ Z*h*W\ 5=5= -\/* \Z ]`\,\/SW ]`\,1`Vd Z*`\/* \-* S \hSk*W 1-\ L*WD 7B5P8MD \4/Z11 , 5=5= -\/d \Z Z*4Z*hSW ,1`Z\-\ `*+*E hb\+m b\b `dV\,\/SW 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WqYS L*beD 68B89MD  b\-\ ,`1Y1ZS `*+ Z*h*W `*4/*,*bn /df\,Zdp ]SO kd P h1`14 `1hS Z* V\Z-`1aa*f S WSb1`*bd`dEP , V\O b\`\y aZ\,* S aZ\,* ]\/h1`VS,*W\anE hb\ ,a1 f`SabSO *Z1 /\W3Zm WShZ\ dh*ab,\,*bn , /1W1 ]`\]\,1/SD < 1hS Z* V\Z-`1aa*fD \`q 31W*ZS1Y dhSbnaqE aO ;D b\ a/1W*W ab*,jSy *`1Y SadaE hb\+m ]\/-\b\,Sbn a,\O Sf ab\`\ZZSV\, V `*+\b1E V\b\`dp SY ]`1/ab\qW\ ,m]\WO ZSbnH D *V V\Z-`1aam ]\+d3/*WS f`SabS*Z ]`\]\,1/\,*bnH `S,1/Sb1 ]`SY1`D LY\b`Sb1 b*V31 `*YVd w\Z-`1aamE ]\O +d3/*,jS1 ]`\]\,1/\,*bnxDM 5>:



  I

aW1/\,*b1WS S+WSS a\+`*WSan Z* ]1`,my +\Wnj\y V\Z-`1aa ]\aW1 1`,\y YS`\,\y ,\yZmE V\b\`my ]`\O f\/SW a 5 ]\ < a1Zbq+`q 5=5= -\/* , S/*`O\yZb1 Ljb*b -*y\E "MD \ ,b\`\y /1Zn V\Z-`1aa* +`*b db1`e\`/ ,mabd]SW a `1hnpE , V\b\`\y ]`qY\ aV*O 4*WB wSaaSq f`SabS*ZSZ* Z* 41YW1DDD 4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m ]`\,\4-W*j*bn ,1abn \ \3n1Y g*`ab,1xD = dWnYSZ*gS1y V\Z-`1aa* ab*W* ]`\S4Z1a1ZZ*q b`S /Zq a]dabq `1hn +`*b* db1`e\`/* w`S4m, V a\O b`d/ZSV*YxE V\b\`*q ]\4/Z11 ]\q,SW*an , wb\`\31O ,\y +*jZ1x , ,S/1 ab*bnS ]\/ Z*4,*ZS1Y w`\,\4O -W*j1ZS1 *`ab,*xD Z aV*4*WB w YSZdbm -Wd+\V\-\ `*4YmjW1ZSq d f`SabS*ZSZ* ,\4ZSV*1b ,\]`\aB t˙Wq h1-\ q 3S,d Z* 41YW1Hr  \b,1b /\W31Z -W*aSbnB t\aO ]\/n ]\ a,\1y ,1WSV\y YSW\abS Z*4Z*hSW Y1Zq a,\SY ]\aW\YE hb\+m Z1abS YS`d 1-\ ,1abn \ ]`SYS`1ZSSC q ]\hSb*p 4* h1abn S ahSb*p a,\SY /\W-\Y ]`\,\4O -W*j*bn obd ,1abnrxD 5> b\y ab*,j1y Sab\`Sh1aV\y `1hS +`*b db1`O e\`/ \+lq,SW \ ,m]daV1 Z\,\-\ 3d`Z*W* ]\/ Z*O 4,*ZS1Y w˛\W\b\y ,1Vx Lb1]1`n w`\+d/Sb1anIxME g1Wn V\b\`\-\ ]\V*4m,*bn Wp/qYE hb\ *`ab,\ q,WqO 1baq 1/SZab,1ZZ\y Z*/13/\y h1W\,1h1ab,*D ˛*b1Y \Z

 ˚

5>;

a]`\aSW aWdj*b1W1yE Vb\ S4 ZSf f\h1b dh*ab,\,*bn , `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSS ob\-\ 3d`Z*W*D \bh1b1 \ V\Z-`1aa1 +mW\ aV*4*Z\B w bVWSV +mW ]\b`qa*pkSYB ,a1 : >>> h1W\,1V V*V \/SZ ]\/ZqWSan a\ a,\Sf Y1abx16D \O SabSZ1E d *`q +mWS ab\`\ZZSVSE -\b\,m1 a `,1ZS1Y ]`\]\,1/\,*bn ,1abn \ *`ab,1I 55 Sb1`*bd`*D W*-\/*`q ab*bnqY S4 wb\`\31O ,\y +*jZSx ab*Z\,SW*an ,a1 +\W11 qaZ\y 4Z*hSY\abn ]`1/aV*4*ZZ\-\ Sada\Y /1W* P ]`\]\,1/S +W*-\y ,1abS \ *`ab,1D \b Z1aV\WnV\ ]`SY1`\, S4 3d`Z*O W\,E S4/*ZZmf , Z*h*W1 5=6>Of -\/\,D 56 *V*q ,1abn +d/1b ]`\]\,1/\,*bnaq ,\ Sa]\WZ1O ZS1 aW\, S4 *be1q 68B58 S V\-/*H adbS ob\y ,1O abS , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x \b 5 SpWq 5=6> -\/* , ab*bn1 w˚,*Z-1WS1 \ *`ab,1x -\,\`SW\anB w W*-*q ,1abn P ob\ ,1abn \ V\Zg1 ab*`\-\ ]\`q/V* ,1k1y 16 +`\jp`1 w\Yd /\,1`1Z* `*+\b*x \+lqaZqW\anB wWd31ZS1 a t˛\W\bmY ,1V\Yr P ob\ ]`\]\,1/n ,1abS \ *`ab,1 ]\ /\Y*YD DDD V*3/\Y /\Y1E a/1W*, ]`1]\/Z1a1ZS1E Zd3Z\ \ab*,Sbn 3d`Z*W t˛\O W\b\y ,1VrE Z14*,SaSY\ \b b\-\E +mW* \e\`YW1Z* ]\/]SaV* SWS Z1bxD * ]`\bq31ZSS W1b +`*bn1, ]\+d3/*WS ]`1/W*-*bn Wp/qY ]\/]SaVd V*V Z* wb\`\31,dp +*jZpxE b*V S Z* w˛\W\b\y ,1VxD  5 e1,`*Wq 5=8> -\/* Z*`\/ 1-\,m ]\\k`qWaq `*a]`\ab`*Zqbn \b/1WnZm1 ,m]dO aVS 3d`Z*W\, S a\\+k*bn Sf V\WSh1ab,\D

55E 56D b\ -\,\`SW\an , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x , 5=6> -\/d \ b\YE V\-/* /\W3Z\ ,m]\WZqbnaq ]`1/aV*4*ZZ\1 Sada\Y /1O W\H 5>
D *V a ]\Y\knp ]`SY1`* \ a]`qb*ZZ\Y a\V`\,Sk1 Sada ]\V*4*WE V*VSY +d/1b \bVWSV 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y Z* ]`S4m, ]`\/\W3*bn SaV*bn ]`13/1 *`ab,\H 65E 66D *V ]`1/*ZZm1 ab\`\ZZSVS *`ab,* ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ Skdb ]`13/1 *`ab,\H `S,1/Sb1 ]`SY1`D 558



  I

*`ab,\D ZS ]\a,qk*pb /1Wd ]`\]\,1/S \ *`ab,1 a,\p 3S4ZnE a]\a\+Z\abS S a`1/ab,*D Z\-S1 S/db Z* +\WnjS1 31`b,mE hb\+m aWd3Sbn ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZ\D a1 obS ]`\]\,1/ZSVSE V\b\`mf \bWSh*1b /df -\b\,Z\abSE Z* a\+ab,1ZZ\Y \]mb1 d+13/*pbaqE hb\ 1-\,* +W*O -\aW\,Wq1b b1fE Vb\ Sk1b ]`13/1 *`ab,\D \b \/SZ ]`SY1`D 66 'y,1`S S \,1ZSq `Sab\d , V\Zg1 5=6>Of -\/\, Z*h*WS aWd3Sbn `*4Z\ahSV*YS VZS- L]S\Z1`*YSM Z* p-1 \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b\,D Z\-S1 -\/m a]dabq \O ,1ZSq ]\/1WSW*anB wm a 'y,1`S ]`\,1WS , ]S\Z1`O aV\Y aWd31ZSS YZ\-\ ah*abWS,mf W1bD *ab\ Ym Z1 4Z*WSE -/1 ,4qbn /1Z1- Z* +1Z4SZ SWS ]`\/dVbmD \ 1-\,* ,a1-/* \ Z*a 4*+\bSWaqD m ZSV\-/* Z1 \ab*,WqWS a,\1-\ aWd31ZSqE S d Z*a ,a1-/* +mW\ b\E hb\ Z*Y /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ Zd3Z\xD \,1ZSq ,a]\YZSO W* \/SZ aWdh*yE V\b\`my ]`\S4\j1W a ZSYS , 1ZO a*V\W1 Ljb*b W\`S/*ME V\-/* d ZSf ]\hbS 4*V\ZhSO WSan /1Zn-S S ]`\/dVbmD 1`Zd,jSan /\Y\y , a,\y b`1yW1`E \ZS \+Z*`d3SWS b*Y /,* +\WnjSf ]*V1O b* a ]`\/dVb*YS S 4*]SaVdB w Wp+\,np \b b\,*`SO k1ab,* 1Za*V\Wmx19D -Wq/m,*qan Z* /1aqbSW1bSqE 19 b\ ,`1Yq a\+`*ZSq Z*4m,*WSan b\,*`Sk1ab,*YSD

 ˚

559

]`\,1/1ZZm1 , ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZ\Y aWd31ZSSE \,1ZSq aV*4*W*B w1-\,* ZSV\-/* Z*a Z1 \ab*,Wq1bD Z ,a1-/* \]`*,/m,*1b Z*j1 /\,1`S1xD 67 m Z1 Y\31Y ,a1 ]`\]\,1/\,*bn , \/SZ*V\O ,\y Y1`1D  Z*a `*4Zm1 \+ab\qb1Wnab,*D /Z*V\ V*3O /my S4 Z*a ahSb*1b h1abnp ,\4Y\3Z\abn \b ,a1y /djS dh*ab,\,*bn , /1W1 ]`\]\,1/S L\WD 7B67MD \aV\WnO Vd Ym /\`\3SY Z*y/1ZZ\y Z*YS /`*-\g1ZZ\y SabSO Z\y \ *`ab,1E Ym a -\b\,Z\abnp S/1Y Z* Wp+m1 31`O b,mE hb\+m V*V Y\3Z\ +\Wnj1 dh*ab,\,*bn , aWd31O ZSSD *ab`\1Zm WS S ,m b*V 31H 68 1a\YZ1ZZ\E , b1h1ZS1 ]\aW1/Z1-\ ab\W1bSq *`n Sa]\WZq1b a,\S ]`\`\h1aVS1 aW\,*E 4*]Sa*ZZm1 , *be1q 68B58D  \Z /1W*1b ob\E Z1 ]`S+1-*q V ]`SO Zd3/1ZSpD my/q S4 o-\SabShZ\-\ YS`*E ]\aW1/\O ,*b1WS `Sab* a -\b\,Z\abnp ]`1/\ab*,SWS a1+q /Wq ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aV\-\ aWd31ZSqD a1YS`Z*q ]`\]\,1/n +W*-\y ,1abS P ob\ h*abn ]`S4Z*V* ]`Sadbab,Sq SO ada* , g*`aV\y ,W*abS S \/Z\ S4 ,1WSh*yjSf /\abSO 31ZSy *`ab,* , obS ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSD 67D *V ,m \bZ\aSb1an V Z*y/1ZZ\y ,*YS SabSZ1 \ *`ab,1 S Z* hb\ ,m Z*ab`\1ZmH 68D b\ q,Wq1baq \/ZSY S4 ,1WSh*yjSf /\abS31ZSy *`ab,* , obS ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSH 55:



  I

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ \h1Yd Sada +mW d,1`1ZE hb\ , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZS d Z1-\ +d/db ab\`\ZZSVSE -\b\,m1 1-\ ]\//1`3*bnH ˇ *V ,1`Zmy S +W*-\`*4dYZmy `*+ ]\/h1`VSO ,*WE hb\ V*3/my \+q4*Z WShZ\ dh*ab,\,*bn , /1W1 ]`\]\,1/SH ˇ *V ,m \bZ\aSb1an V Z*y/1ZZ\y ,*YS SabSZ1 \ *`ab,1 S V*V ,m Y\31b1 ]\V*4*bnE hb\ Sk1b1 ]`13/1 *`ab,\H

 ˚

55;

;

1b\/m +W*-\,1ab,\,*ZSq a]\Wn4d1Y `*4Zm1 a]\a\+m

˚  %

\3Sy Z*`\/ ]\Wn4d1baq a*YmYS `*4ZmYS Y1b\/*YSE hb\+m /\Z1abS +W*-dp ,1abn /\ V*V Y\3Z\ +\Wnj1-\ hSaW* Wp/1y

 E Z*f\/qk1Ydaq Z* +1`1-d \41`*E ab1V*1baq YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1yD Z 31 a*/Sbaq , W\/Vd S \b]Wm,*1b Z* Z1+\Wnj\1 `*aab\qZS1D ˛*h1YH Z 4Z*1bE hb\ +W*O -\/*`q \b`*31ZSp 4,dV* \b ]\,1`fZ\abS ,\/m 1-\ -\O W\a +d/1b f\`\j\ aWmj1Z ,a1YD L`\hSb*yb1 *`V* 8B5E 6DM 6 * ]`\bq31ZSS /1aqbSW1bSy /\ S ]\aW1 `\3/1ZSq *`ab,* ,1`Zm1 dh1ZSVS `Sab*E aW1/dq 1-\ ]`SY1`dE Sa]\Wn4\,*WS ]1`1/\,m1 b1fZ\W\-SSE hb\+m /\Z\aSbn +W*-dp ,1abn /\ YZ\-Sf Wp/1yD \/ `dV\,\/ab,\Y *O `q \3Sy Z*`\/ ]`\/\W3*1b \a,*S,*bn Z\,m1 b1fZ\O W\-SS S ]`Sa]\a*+WS,*bnaq V Y1ZqpkSYaq \+ab\qO b1Wnab,*YD m f\bSYE hb\+m V*V Y\3Z\ +\Wnj1 WpO 5E 6D *M b\ a/1W*W SadaE hb\+m 1-\ Y\-W\ aWmj*bn YZ\31O ab,\ Wp/1yH +M *V ,1`Zm1 dh1ZSVS `Sab* aW1/dpb 1-\ ]`SO Y1`d S ]\h1YdH 55
7 -\/dD \-/* D D b\ZE ]`1/ab*,Sb1Wn \+l1/SZ1ZSq aWd3SO b1W1y ]`\b1ab*ZbaVSf g1`V,1y , 1ZaSWn,*ZSSE ]`SO -W*aSW *aa1WW* Z* /1+*bm ]\ +S+W1yaVSY ,\]`\a*YD b\Z Z*]Sa*W *aa1WWdB w) /dY*pE hb\ ]d+WShZm1 /1O +*bm ]\ ,\]`\a*YE \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ V\b\`mf Z*jS YZ1O ZSq `*af\/qbaqDDD +d/db \h1Zn SZb1`1aZm YZ\-SY WpO /qYxD *aa1WW S 1-\ 1/SZ\YmjW1ZZSVS b\31 ahSO b*WSE hb\ Wp/qY ob\ +d/1b SZb1`1aZ\E ]\ob\Yd \ZS 7D \h1Yd Sa]\Wn4\,*ZS1 Z*YS -*41b `*aab`\SW\ ,`*-\, SaO bSZmH ˚ ˙%  ˚ )

55=

\]d+WSV\,*WS obS /1+*bm , \/Z\y S4 ,1/dkSf -*41bE wSbba+d`- -*41bbxD 'bS ab*bnS +mWS b*V ]\]dWq`ZmE * qaZ\1 \+lqaZ1ZS1 *aa1WW\Y +S+W1yaVSf SabSZ b*V d+1/Sb1WnZ\E hb\ `1/*VgSq -*41bm ]`1/W\3SW* ]1h*O b*bn ]`\]\,1/S *aa1WW* V*3/dp Z1/1WpD *V 31 ob\ `*aab`\SW\ ,`*-\, SabSZmI 8 aV\`1 ,a1 +\Wnj1 -*41b f\b1WS ]1h*b*bn W1VgSS *aa1WW*D 5=>< -\/d wb\`\31,*q +*jZqx a\\+k*W*E hb\ 1-\ ]`\]\,1/S `1-dWq`Z\ ]1h*b*WS , 55 -*41b*fD

/Z*V\ +`*bnqE 4Z*V\Ym1 a -*41bZmY /1W\YE -\,\`SO WS *aa1WWdE hb\ 1aWS d]`*,W1ZS1 +k1ab,* ]1`11/1b S4 Sba+d`-* , +\W11 S4,1abZmy -\`\/E b\ +S+W1yaVS1 ab*bnS +d/1b ]1h*b*bn 1k1 +\Wnj11 hSaW\ -*41bD `SO Zq, ,\ ,ZSY*ZS1 ob\b a\,1bE * b*V31 /`d-S1 e*Vb\O `mE , 5=>= -\/d *aa1WW \adk1ab,SW ]1`114/ d]`*,O W1ZSq , `dVWSZ LnpO•\`VMD *VSY +mW `14dWnb*bH ]dabq ,a1-\ Y1aqg ]\aW1 ]1`114/* ]`\]\,1/S ]1h*O b*WSan d31 ]`SY1`Z\ , 8>> -*41b*f P S ob\ hSaW\ ]\O ab\qZZ\ `\aW\D  5=58 -\/dE V\-/* +mW\ dab*Z\,W1Z\ *`ab,\E ]`\]\,1/S S ab*bnS *aa1WW* ]d+WSV\,*WSan +\W11 h1Y , 6 >>> -*41b Z* h1bm`1f q4mV*fI 9 *V\y ,*3Zmy d`\V Y\3Z\ S4,W1hn S4 b1f a\O 8E 9D *V\1 V*h1ab,\ ]`\q,SW *aa1WW S V*V b1E Vb\ Z*/1W1Z \b,1bab,1ZZ\abnp , \`-*ZS4*gSSE Y\-db 1Yd ]\/`*3*bnH 56>



  I

+mbSyH ˚aWS ,m Z*/1W1Zm \]`1/1W1ZZ\y ,W*abnp ,

\3n1y \`-*ZS4*gSSE ,*Y Zd3Z\ ]\/`*3*bn aYS`1O ZSp *aa1WW*D \-/* ,m ]`SZSY*1b1 ,*3Zm1 `1j1O ZSqE ]`SaWdjS,*yb1an V a\,1b*Y /`d-SfD L`\hSb*yO b1 `SbhS 59B66DM : *41bZm1 ab*bnSE a\/1`3*,jS1 SabSZd \ *`ab,1E ]\+d3/*WS Wp/1y Y1Zqbn a,\p 3S4Zn L˚,`D 8B56MD /O Z\y S4 YZ\-SfE Vb\ ]\4Z*V\YSWaq a SabSZ\y h1O `14 b*VS1 ab*bnSE +mW* `* 1bg1WnE V`1abS,j*qaq , 5=5; -\/dD w\aW1 a,*/n+m q Z*,1abSW* Y*YdE V\b\`*q 3SW* , \h1ab1`1E , jb*b1 SZZ1a\b*EP ,a]\YSZ*W* ‹

`*DP \-/* q ]`S1f*W* V Z1yE \Z* ,m`14*W* V*VS1Ob\ ab*bnS S4 -*41bmD 'b\ +mWS ]`\]\,1/S *aa1WW*D *O Y* \+lqaZSW* YZ1 SabSZmE V\b\`m1 d4Z*W* S4 ZSfxD

`* ]`SZqW* SabSZd S \V\W\ :> W1b ,1`Z\ ]`\]\,1/\O ,*W* ,1abn \ *`ab,1 \-*D ; 5=5: -\/d /,* \+ab\qb1Wnab,* ]\+d/SWS +`*bn1, \bV*4*bnaq \b Sa]\Wn4\,*ZSq -*41b , `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSS +W*-\y ,1abSD \O]1`,mfE S4O4* +dj1,*,j1y b\-/* 1`O ,\y YS`\,\y ,\yZm ,\4ZSV /1eSgSb Y*b1`S*W\,E Z1O \+f\/SYmf /Wq ]1h*bSD 5=5: -\/d , \bh1b1 Z*j1-\ :D *V -*41bZm1 ab*bnS a +S+W1yaV\y SabSZ\y ]\,WSqWS Z* \/Zd 31ZkSZdH ;D \h1Yd +`*bnq \bV*4*WSan \b Sa]\Wn4\,*ZSq -*41bH ˚ ˙%  ˚ )

565

-*41bZ\-\ \b/1W* , 1WSV\+`Sb*ZSS -\,\`SW\anB w1yO h*a ]`\]\,1/S ]1h*b*pbaq hdbn +\W11 h1Y , 7> -*O 41b*fD \ ,1anY* ,1`\qbZ\E hb\ ob\ hSaW\ `14V\ a\O V`*bSbaq S4O4* ]\ab\qZZ\ ]\,mj*pkSfaq g1Z Z* +dO Y*-dxD \O,b\`mfE 75 \Vbq+`q 5=5: -\/* dY1` +`*b *aa1WWD wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x \b 59 /1V*+`q 5=5: -\/* +mW\ a/1W*Z\ \+lq,W1ZS1B w1]1`nE V\-O /* +`*b* *aa1WW* Z1b a Z*YSE ]`\]\,1/S , -*41b*f +\Wnj1 ]\q,Wqbnaq Z1 +d/dbxD \bq ob\b ,S/ +W*-\O ,1ab,\,*ZSq ]1`1ab*W Sa]\Wn4\,*bnaqE /`d-S1 Y1b\/mE Z*]`SY1` a,S/1b1Wnab,\,*ZS1 a ]\Y\knp w\b\/`*O Ym b,\`1ZSqxE ]\O]`13Z1Yd ]`SZ\aSWS ]`1V`*aZm1 ]W\/mD < w\b\/`*Y* b,\`1ZSqxD */ a\4/*ZS1Y w\b\O /`*Ym b,\`1ZSqxE ]`1Yn1`* V\b\`\y a\ab\qW*an , 5=58 -\/dE *aa1WW S /`d-S1 +`*bnq b`d/SWSan \V\W\ b`1f W1b L`SbD 65B9MD ˙Wq b\-\ ,`1Y1ZS w\b\/`*O Y*xE Z1a\YZ1ZZ\E +mW* Z\,j1ab,\YE ,1/n , Z1y +mO WS a\1/SZ1Zm VSZ\V*/`mE 4,dV\,m1 4*]SaS S g,1bO Zm1 ab1VWqZZm1 aW*y/mD al1YV*f +S+W1yaVSf ag1Z dh*ab,\,*WS a\bZS Wp/1y S /*31 3S,\bZm1D w b\+m aZqbn 4,dV\,\1 VSZ\ ]`\ /ZS \qEP a\\+k*W\an , b1h1ZS1 5=58 -\/* w\b\/`*Ydx V*3/my /1Zn ]\V*4m,*WS , -\`\/*fD \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b*f S *Z*/1 11 ]\aY\b`1WS ]\hbS ,\a1Yn YSWWS\Z\, h1O W\,1VD b\Y 31 -\/d w\b\/`*Ydx d,S/1WS 3Sb1WS =D \h1Yd +`*bnq +mWS -\b\,m 4*b`*bSbn Z* a\4/*ZS1 w\O b\/`*Ymx b*V YZ\-\ ,`1Y1ZS S a`1/ab,H 5>D *VSf `*4Y*f\, /\abS- ]\V*4 w\b\/`*YmxH ˚ ˙%  ˚ )

567

,ab`*WSSE 1WSV\+`Sb*ZSSE 1`Y*ZSSE ˙*ZSSE \O ,\y ˛1W*Z/SSE \`,1-SSE SZWqZ/SSE ",1yg*`SS S ",1gSSD ˚1 d]`\k1ZZdp ,1`aSpE , V\b\`\y Z1 +mW\ VSZ\V*/`\,EP \Z* Z*4m,*W*an w˙`*Y* o,`SV*x P ]\O V*4m,*WS , Z1+\WnjSf -\`\/V*fD `\S4,\/ab,\ w˙`*O Ym o,`SV*x +mW\ /1j1,W1E S 11 +mW\ ]`\k1 ]1O `1,\4SbnD  5=5: -\/d w\b\/`*Y*x L, ]\WZ\y SWS d]`\k1ZZ\y ,1`aSSM +mW* ]1`1,1/1Z* Z* *`YqZaVSyE -`1h1aVSyE /*baV\OZ\`,13aVSyE Z1Y1gVSyE Sa]*ZO aVSyE Sb*WnqZaVSyE ]\WnaVSyE e`*Zgd4aVSy S j,1/O aVSy q4mVSD 55 `*Zgd4aV*q ,1`aSq w\b\/`*Ymx aSWnZ\ ,]1O h*bWSW* 5 SpWqE , ,ab`*WSpE ˚,`\]dE *Z*/d S \1/SZ1ZO Zm1 "b*bmD Y1ZZ\ Z* b\Y V\Z-`1aa1 Ym ]`SZqWS Z*4,*ZS1 ,S/1b1WS 1-\,mD

S oee1VbS,Zmy a]\a\+ `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSq SabSZm S4 b1fE V\b\`m1 Sa]\Wn4\,*WSan /\ aSf ]\`xD ˙*W11 -\,\O `SW\anB w˚aWS \a]\/n ]\ahSb*1bE hb\ /Wq `*a]`\ab`*O Z1ZSq SabSZm Zd3Z\ +\Wnj1 `*/S\ab*ZgSyE \Z d-\/O ZmY 1Yd \+`*4\Y ]`1/\ab*,Sb a`1/ab,* Z* Sf ab`\SO b1Wnab,\x LaD 56;B5MD  5=6: -\/d d Z*`\/* 1-\,m +mW\ j1abn `*/S\ab*ZgSyD ˙,1 Z*f\/SWSan , \1/SO Z1ZZmf "b*b*f LWBBR , npO•\`V1 S WORD Z1/*O W1V\ \b SV*-\ME * h1bm`1 /`d-S1 P , *Z*/1 L, ]`\O ,SZgSqf Wn+1`b*E `Sb*ZaV*q \WdY+SqE Zb*`S\ S *aV*h1,*ZMD 59 *a]`\ab`*Z1ZS1 +S+W1yaV\y SabSZm h1`14 `*O /S\,1k*ZS1 Z1 \ab*W\an Z14*Y1h1ZZmY /df\,1Zab,\Y 59E 5:D *M *V /df\,1Zab,\ , *Z*/1 \b`1*-S`\,*W\ Z* Z*jS ]1`1/*hSH +M *V `*/S\]`\]\,1/S S aWd31ZS1 ]\ /\Y*Y /\O ]\WZqWS /`d- /`d-*H ˚ ˙%  ˚ )

56;

f`SabS*ZaVSf g1`V,1yD Wn+1`b \eeY*ZE V\b\`my f\`\j\ 4Z*WE V*V*q `*+\b* ,1W*an Z* `*/S\ab*ZgSS , *aV*h1,*Z1 L*Z*/*ME aV*4*WB w a1 +\Wnj1 Wp/1y d4Z*,*WS \+ aaW1/\,*b1Wqf S+WSS V*V b\-/* Z*O 4m,*WSan ,S/1b1WS 1-\,mD `1V`*aZ\1 a,S/1b1WnO ab,\ /*,*W\an /\ 5=6< -\/*E /\ b1f ]\`E ]\V* /df\O ,1Zab,\ Z1 Z*/*,SW\ Z* hSZ\,ZSV\, S ,a1 V*Z*/aVS1 `*/S\ab*ZgSS aaW1/\,*b1W1y S+WSS Z1 WSjSWSan WSg1Z4SSxD 5: \bq Z*jS `*/S\ab*ZgSS , *Z*/1 4*V`mWSE +S+O W1yaVS1 ]`\-`*YYm 4,dh*WS Z* V\YY1`h1aVSf ab*ZO gSqf L*beD 5>B67MD b\+m ]`S,W1hn ,ZSY*ZS1 Wp/1y V obSY ]`\-`*YY*YE , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x S w˛\W\O b\Y ,1V1x La1yh*a w`\+d/Sb1anIxM ]1h*b*Waq a]Sa\V V\YY1`h1aVSf ab*ZgSyE Z* ,\WZ*f V\b\`mf 4,dh*W* +S+W1yaV*q SabSZ*D aWd31ZSS ]\ /\Y*Y ,\4,1k*O b1WS ]\+d3/*WS Wp/1y aWdj*bn +S+W1yaVS1 ]`\]\,1O /S ]\ `*/S\D *VS1 ob\ ]`SZ\aSW\ ]W\/mH w pWW1b1O Z1x 4* qZ,*`n 5=75 -\/* -\,\`SW\anB w*/S\]1`1/*hS aWd3*b f\`\jSY abSYdW\Y /Wq +`*bn1,E dh*ab,dpkSf , aWd31ZSS ]\ /\Y*YD *Y ]`Sf\/Sb YZ\-\ a\\+k1O ZSy \ b\YE hb\ Wp/S ab*WS aWdj*bn Z*jS `*/S\]1`1O /*hSE ]\aWdj*WS W1VgSS +`*b* db1`e\`/* S ]\ob\Yd +mWS -\b\,m ,4qbn VZS-S d Z*jSf +`*bn1,xD w pWO 56
Of -\/*f ]`\bS,ZSVS ab*WS hSZSbn ]`1]qbO ab,SqE hb\+m ]\Y1j*bn Z*Y Sa]\Wn4\,*bn V\YY1`h1O aVS1 `*/S\ab*ZgSSD \ob\Yd , V\Zg1 5=7; -\/* Z*`\/ 1-\,m ]`Sa]\a\+SWaq V S4Y1ZS,jSYaq \+ab\qb1WnO ab,*YD m \bV*4*WSan \b Sa]\Wn4\,*ZSq V\YY1`h1aO VSf `*/S\ab*ZgSy S a\a`1/\b\hSWSan Z* aWd31ZSS ]\ /\Y*Y15D 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 `*/S\ ]\O]`13Z1Yd S-`*O W\ ,*3Zdp `\Wn , `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSS ,1abS \ *`ab,1 , d/*W1ZZmf SWS ]\WSbSh1aVS S4\WS`\,*ZZmf h*abqf YS`*D *]`SY1`E a 5=95 ]\ 5==5 -\/ `*/S\ab*ZgSq , ˛*]*/Z\Y 1`WSZ1 `1-dWq`Z\ ]1`1/*,*W* +S+W1yaVS1 `1hSE b*V hb\ ,1abn \ *`ab,1 Y\-WS aWmj*bn 3Sb1O WS \ab\hZ\y 1`Y*ZSSD * ]`\bq31ZSS 7> a WSjO ZSY W1b Z*hSZ*q a 5=:5 -\/* Z* Z*gS\Z*WnZ\Y `*/S\ , d`SZ*Y1 L(3Z*q Y1`SV*M 131Z1/1WnZ\ ,mf\/SO W* 59OYSZdbZ*q ]`\-`*YY*E , V\b\`\y \+ad3/*W*an +S+W1yaV*q SabSZ*D  5=:= ]\ 5=;; -\/ \`-*ZS4*gSq 15 5=9; -\/d +mW\ `1j1Z\ ]`1V`*bSbn Sa]\Wn4\,*ZS1 ]\aW1O /Z1y S4 Z*jSf `*/S\ab*ZgSyE WBBRE `*a]\W*-*,j1yaq , npO•\`V1D

5;E 5 `*/S\4*]Sa1y ]\/ \+kSY Z*O 4,*ZS1Y w a1 Sa*ZS1 ]\W14Z\xD f b`*ZaWS`\,*W* 6=5 ab*ZgSq , 8< jb*b*f "D 5==: -\/d `*/S\O ab*ZgSq , ]S*E ab\WSg1 ˛*]*/Z\-\ *Y\*E ]1`1/*,*O W* 131Z1/1WnZdp ]`\-`*YYd ]\/ Z*4,*ZS1Y w b,1bm Z* ,*jS +S+W1yaVS1 ,\]`\amxD 5< V\Zg1 XX ,1V* `*/S\ ]1`1ab*W\ S-`*bn ,*3O Zdp `\Wn , `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSS +W*-\y ,1abSD /Z*V\ ]\q,SW\an /`d-\1 a`1/ab,\E V\b\`\1 ]\4,\WSW\ \f,*O bSbn \-`\YZ\1 V\WSh1ab,\ Wp/1yD 5= Zb1`Z1bD \ /*ZZmY Z* 6>57 -\/E +\W11 6E; YSWWS*`/* h1W\,1V P ]\hbS 8> ]`\g1Zb\, YS`\O ,\-\ Z*a1W1ZSq P ]\Wn4dpbaq Zb1`Z1b\YD \ Z1V\O b\`mY \g1ZV*YE \V\W\ 6 YSWWS*`/\, h1W\,1V ,mf\/qb , Zb1`Z1b a ]\Y\knp Y\+SWnZmf dab`\yab,E b*VSf V*V aY*`be\Zm S ]W*Zj1bmD SaW\ ]\Wn4\,*b1W1y Y\O +SWnZ\-\ Zb1`Z1b* `*ab1b ,\ ,a1Y YS`1E Z\ Z*S+\O W11 ab`1YSb1WnZmy `\ab Z*+Wp/*1baq , e`SV1E -/1 SY ]\Wn4d1baq +\W11 => YSWWS\Z\, h1W\,1VD a1 ob\ , 4Z*hSb1WnZ\y Y1`1 \]`1/1Wq1b b\E V*V YZ\-S1 WpO /S a1-\/Zq ]\Wdh*pb SZe\`Y*gSpD 5=E 6>D \h1Yd Z*`\/ 1-\,m a\4/*W Zb1`Z1bO`1ad`a S Z*O aV\WnV\ \Z oee1VbS,1ZH LY\b`Sb1 b*V31 `*YVd Z* ab`*ZSg1 575DM 57>



  I

˚#˚& *3/my /1Zn obSY Zb1`Z1bO`1ad`a\Y ]\Wn4dpbaq +\W11 ;9> >>> h1W\,1V ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

)˛% Sab1Y* Z*,S-*gSS `*+\b*1b +\W11 h1Y Z* 7>> q4mV*f ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

  *b1`S*Wm /\abd]Zm /Wq aV*hS,*ZSq +\W11 h1Y Z* 96> q4mV*f ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˚   • ˛ ˚) V\W\ 7 YSWWS\Z\, ,S/1\`\WSV\,E 7 YSWWS\Z\, VZS-E 8 YSWWS\Z\, 3d`Z*W\, S 66 YSWWS\Z\, *d/S\4*]Sa1y \ /*ZZmY Z* 6>57 -\/ 6>

*`\/ 1-\,m Sa]\Wn4d1b ob\ a`1/ab,\ Y*aa\,\y V\YYdZSV*gSS a 5==; -\/*D \ a\ab\qZSp Z* 6>57 -\/ Zb1`Z1bO`1ad`a ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m ]1`1,1/1Z ]`SO Y1`Z\ Z* 7>> q4mV\,E * \aZ\,*ZZm1 Z* S+WSS Y*O b1`S*Wm /\abd]Zm /Wq aV*hS,*ZSq +\W11 h1Y Z* 96> q4mV*fD *3/my /1Zn obSY `1ad`a\Y ]\Wn4dpbaq ˚ ˙%  ˚ )

575

˚ ˙%   ˚˙

&"

˚ (˙˚• 5=>> L \/ ]\V*4m,*1bE V\-/* Z*h*WS Sa]\Wn4\,*bn b\b SWS SZ\y Y1b\/M

5=58

5=77

w\b\/`*Y* b,\`1ZSqx16

*jSZm a `d]\`*YS

5=5>

5=6>

5=7>

5=8>

5=>7

5=66

5=7:

`\]\,1/S , -*41b*f

*/S\

Wd31ZS1 a ]W*V*b*YS

16 w\b\/`*Y*x a\/1`3*W* VSZ\V*/`mD

+\W11 ;9> >>> h1W\,1VD `\Y1 ob\-\E V*3/my Y1aqg a Z1-\ aV*hS,*pb \V\W\ 7 YSWWS\Z\, VZS-E 8 YSWWS\O Z\, 3d`Z*W\, S 66 YSWWS\Z\, *d/S\4*]Sa1yD 65 Zb1`Z1bO`1ad`a ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m \h1Zn oeO e1VbS,1Z , `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSS +W*-\y ,1abS \ *`O ab,1 \-* P /*31 , b1f ab`*Z*fE -/1 ]`\]\,1/\,*bn 4*]`1k1Z\D *]`SY1`E , Z*h*W1 6>57 -\/* Yd3hSZ* ]\ SY1ZS SZ* ,\a]\Wn4\,*Waq obSY `1ad`a\Y S 4*O b1Y ]\4,\ZSW , -W*,Z\1 d]`*,W1ZS1 , \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b*f Y1`SVSD Z f\b1W +\Wnj1 d4Z*bn \ S+WSSD b\ +mW\ \a\+1ZZ\-\ , ob\Y 4,\ZV1H SZ* ,m`\a , YdadWnY*ZaV\y a1Yn1 S 3S,1b , \b/*W1ZZ\y /1`1,Z1 , ab`*Z1E -/1 Z* /1qb1WnZ\abn ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m Z*O W\31Z ab`\-Sy 4*]`1bD 1]1`n \/SZ ,S/1b1Wn S4 \O 65D 1Yd ,*a dhSb aWdh*y a SZ\yH 576



  I

5=98

5==;

SZ\eSWnYm

Zb1`Z1b

5=9>

5=:>

5=;>

5=

5==>

6>>>

A

6>5>

5==>

6>55

S/1\O eSWnYm

`\]\,1/n , \+k1ab,1ZO Zmf Y1ab*f

1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b\, /,* `*4* , Z1/1Wp S4dh*1b a SO Z\y S+WSpD 4dh1ZS1 ]`\,\/Sbaq ]\ ,S/1\a,q4S h1O `14 Zb1`Z1bD

+dh*1Y \b/1WnZmf Wp/1y 66 S \/SZ S4 Y1b\/\, ]`\]\,1/S +\WnjSY Y*aa*Y Wp/1yE +d/n b\ a ]\Y\knp -*41bE w\b\/`*YmxE `*O /S\]1`1/*hE a*yb* SWS h1-\OWS+\ 1k1E Z1 +mW ]`1/Z*4O Z*h1Z /Wq 4*Y1Zm aWd31ZSq ]\ /\Y*YD \h1YdH \O b\Yd hb\ aWd3Sb1WS 1-\,m dh*baq Z* ]`SY1`1 a,\1-\ hSb1WqE Sada* `Sab*D Z ]`\]\,1/\,*W Z1 b\WnO V\ +\WnjSY -`d]]*Y Wp/1yE \Z ab`1YSWaq ]\Y\-*bn \b/1WnZmY Wp/qY LdVS 5=B5P9MD Sada dhSW a,\O Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y ]\abd]*bn b*V 31 S -\,\`SW SYE 66E 67D *M \3Z\ WS aV*4*bnE hb\ Y1b\/m ]`\]\,1/S +\WnO jSY Y*aa*Y Wp/1y 4*Y1ZSWS aWd31ZS1 ]\ /\Y*YH +M *V *`n +W*-\aW\,SW Z*jS daSWSqH ˚ ˙%  ˚ )

577

V*Vdp ,1abn Zd3Z\ Z1abS Wp/qYD L`\hSb*yb1 dVS 5>B5E B6>MD 67 1-\/ZqE V\-/* a Y\Y1Zb* `\3/1ZSq *`ab,* ]`\jW\ 5>> W1bE ]\hbS < YSWWS\Z\, ,\4,1k*b1W1y *VbS,Z\ ]`\]\,1/dpb Wp/qYE `*aaV*4m,*q SY \ 4*O YmaW*f \-*D 1b ZSV*VSf a\YZ1ZSy , b\YE hb\ *`n +W*-\aW\,Wq1b Y1b\/mE V\b\`m1 Ym Sa]\Wn4d1YE ]`\O ,\4-W*j*q ,1abn \ *`ab,1D *V Ym d,S/SY , aW1/dpO k1y -W*,1E \Z b*V31 ]`1/\ab*,SW Z*Y SZab`dY1ZbmE a ]\Y\knp V\b\`mf Ym Z1a1Y +W*-dp ,1abn ,aqV\y Z*gSSE ]W1Y1ZS S q4mVd L bVD 58B:MD

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ *VS1 a\+mbSqE a,q4*ZZm1 a Sa]\Wn4\,*ZS1Y Z*YS -*41bE w\b\/`*YmxE `*/S\ S Zb1`Z1O b*E aWd3*b /Wq ,*a /\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y b\-\E hb\ *`ab,\ `1*WnZ\H ˇ \h1Yd Ym d/1Wq1Y -W*,Z\1 ,ZSY*ZS1 aWd31ZSp ]\ /\Y*YH

578



  I


> W1bD f\/1 `*aaY\b`1ZSq ]\ab*O `*yb1an \+`*k*bn ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* b\E V*V *`n ]\ab1O ]1ZZ\ dhSW Z*a ]`\q,Wqbn ,ZSY*ZS1 V ]\b`1+Z\abqY \b/1WnZmf Wp/1y S ]\+d3/*W ab*Z\,Sbnaq dhSb1WqYS

\3n1-\ W\,* L6 SYD 6B6MD

*`n /*1b a,\SY aWd3Sb1WqY ,a1 Z1\+f\/SY\1E hb\+m a1qbn a1Y1Z* SabSZm 7 Sada a`*,ZSW waW\,\ \ g*`ab,1x a a1Y1Z*YSE * 15 \WnV\ 4* ]\aW1/Z11 /1aqbSW1bS1 Z*`\/ 1-\,m Z*]1h*b*W +\O W11 6> YSWWS*`/\, oV41Y]Wq`\, +S+W1yaVSf ]d+WSV*gSyD  b\Yd 31 Zb1`Z1bO`1ad`a ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m /\abd]1Z /Wq +\W11 6E; YSWWSO *`/* h1W\,1VE V\b\`m1 ]\Wn4dpbaq Zb1`Z1b\YD

7D \h1Yd , ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aV\Y aWd31ZSS Ym ]\Wn4d1Yaq `*4ZmYS SZab`dY1Zb*YSH 57:



  I

 ) ˚& ˚˚ ˚  :;> )˛% 6>>> -\/d dV\,\/qkSy a\,1b \/\+`SW ]`\,1/1O ZS1 +1a]`1g1/1ZbZ\y ]`\-`*YYm \+dh1ZSq ]1`1,\/O h1aVSf -`d]] ,\ ,a1Y YS`1D Z*h*W* +mW `*4`*O +\b*Z b`1fY1aqhZmy Vd`a ]\ dWdhj1ZSp ]\ZSY*O ZSq *Z-WSyaV\-\ q4mV*D 69 ]`1]\/*,*b1W1y \+dhSWS 5 =88 ]1`1,\/hSV* S4 5> YSWWS\Z\,

\W11 6>5 YSWWS\Z*

˙`d-S1 VZS-S `1/]\W\3Sb1WnZ\E +\W11 5 YSWWS*`/*

Sb*bZSV *\ 4o/dZ* 5 aZ\,Z\1 ]\a\+S1 /Wq S4dh1ZSq S+WSS 8

\W11 6>5 YSWWS\Z*

 )˛% E   %˚ ˚ ˚ ˚˙˚  ) wWdj*yaq \-* S 3S,S ,1hZ\x 8 857 a1\+k*q /1VW*`*gSq 9 ]`*, h1W\,1V* 7:8 w\b1WS +m ,m d4Z*bn SabSZdHx 8 L+dVW1bM

8;;

˝ %  % &"  ˝ 89E= YSWWS\Z* 131Y1aqhZ\ Z* 656 q4mV*f wb\`\31,*q +*jZqx 8 88E; YSWWS\Z* 131Y1aqhZ\ Z* == q4mV*f w`\+d/Sb1anIx 8 66 YSWWS\Z* `*4 , /,* Y1aqg* b\WnV\ Z* *Z-WSyaV\Y ˝d`Z*W Y1`SV*ZaV\y *aa\gS*gSS ]1ZaS\Z1`\, LAARP The MagazineM :

V\W\ 9>> >>>C SZ\-/* ]`SY1`Z\ Z* 9> q4mV*f wS*f\Z*x ; 5 ab\hZSVB ZS-* `1V\`/\, SZZ1aa*D 6 ab\hZSVB King James Bible TrustD 7 ab\hZSVB Biblica Fact SheetD 8 4/*ZS1 ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD ˙*ZZm1 Z* qZ,*`n 6>58 -\/*D

9 ab\hZSVB a*yb

E ]\a,qk1ZZmy a1\+k1y /1VW*`*gSS ]`*, h1W\,1V*D ˙*ZZm1 Z* \Vbq+`n 6>57 -\/*D : ab\hZSVB AARPD ; 4/*ZS1 Y\`Y\Z\,D

,m`\aW\ a : YSWWS\Z\, /\ +\W11 B5:M17D m]daV /Wq `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSq ]1h*b*1baq , \aZ\,Z\Y /Wq b1fE Vb\ 1k1 Z1 4Z*1b SabSZdE Z\ a d,*O 31ZS1Y \bZ\aSbaq V S+WSS S V \-d L˙1qZD 57B5:MD w`\+d/Sb1anIx ,m]daV*1baq /Wq b1fE Vb\ Y*W\ 4Z*1b \

S+WSS S \+ SabSZZ\Y \-1E 1-\,1 L˙1qZD 5;B66E 67MD 57 \ /*ZZmY Z* Z*h*W\ 6>58 -\/*E V*3/my Y1aqg ]1h*b*1baq +\W11 88 YSWWS\Z\, oV41Y]Wq`\, w`\+dO /Sb1anIx S ]`SY1`Z\ 8: YSWWS\Z\, oV41Y]Wq`\, wb\O `\31,\y +*jZSxD ˝d`Z*W w`\+d/Sb1anIx ]1`1,\/Sbaq ]`SY1`Z\ Z* 5>> q4mV\,E * 3d`Z*W wb\`\31,*q +*jO Zqx P +\W11 h1Y Z* 6>> q4mV\,D *VSY \+`*4\YE obS ]d+O WSV*gSS ]1`1,\/qbaq Z* Z*S+\Wnj11 V\WSh1ab,\ q4mO V\, S q,Wqpbaq a*YmYS `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZZmYS , YS`1D \ V*VSYS +m Z1,1`\qbZmYS ZS V*4*WSan obS gSe`mE \ZS Z1 /\W3Zm Z*a d/S,WqbnD 1/n obS 3d`Z*Wm a\/1`3*b ,1abnE V\b\`*qE V*V aV*4*W Sada `Sab\aE /\W3Z* +mbn ]`\]\,1/*Z* ]\ ,a1y \+Sb*1Y\y 41YW1 L*beD 68B58MD 58 S+WSqD 5>8 -\/d w1`1,\/ Z\,\-\ YSO `*x ab*W /\abd]1Z +\W11 h1Y Z* 9> q4mV*fI  a]dabq ,a1-\ /1,qbn W1bE , 6>57 -\/dE w1`1,\/ Z\,\-\ YS`*x Y\3Z\ +mO W\ hSb*bn d31 Z* 565 q4mV1E S ob\ hSaW\ ]`\/\W3*1b `*abSD 18 1yh*a ob* ]`\-`*YY* ,f\/Sb , w1`1,\/h1aVdp aSab1O Yd b\`\31,\y *jZSx LWatchtower Translation SystemME V\b\`\y ]\Wn4dpbaq bmaqhS ]1`1,\/hSV\, ,\ ,a1Y YS`1D 58
>5 -\/dE * w,qk1ZZ\1 Sa*ZS1 P 1`1O ,\/ Z\,\-\ YS`*x , 6>>;DM 'b\b ]1`1,\/ ,\4,1WShS,*O 1b 1-\,dE ]\aV\WnVd , Z1Y \3n1 SYq ,\aab*Z\,W1Z\ 56> 55> 5>> =>

 )˛% E   % ˛˙ w˚ ˚ ˙     x

;> :>

˝ ˝

8>

\WZ\1 S4/*ZS1 w1`1,\/* Z\,\-\ YS`*x `SabS*ZaVS1 `1h1aVS1 Sa*ZSq

7> 6> 5> > 5=9>

5=:>

5=;>

5=

5==>

6>>>

6>5>

)˛%

9>

,\ ,a1f Y1ab*fE -/1 \Z\ ,ab`1h*W\an , ]1`,\Z*h*WnZ\Y 1,`1yaV\Y b1Vab1D `\Y1 b\-\E , w1`1,\/1 Z\,\-\ YSO `*x SYq \-* ,ab`1h*1baq 67; `*4 , `SabS*ZaVSf `1O h1aVSf Sa*ZSqfD b\+m ob\b ]1`1,\/ +mW +\W11 b\hO ZmY S d/\+\hSb*1YmYE 1-\ Z1aV\WnV\ `*4 ]1`1aY*bO `S,*WS P ]\aW1/ZSy `*4 , 6>57 -\/dD \ /*ZZmY Z* 6>57 -\/E +mW\ Z*]1h*b*Z\ +\W11 6>5 YSWWS\Z* oV41YO ]Wq`\, w1`1,\/* Z\,\-\ YS`*x L,a1y S+WSS SWS 11 h*ab1yM Z* 565 q4mV1D 5:

b\ hd,ab,dpb Wp/SE d V\b\`mf ]\q,Wq1baq ,\4O Y\3Z\abn hSb*bn w1`1,\/ Z\,\-\ YS`*x Z* `\/Z\Y q4mV1H /SZ Z1]*W1g aV*4*WB wZ\-SY +mW\ bq31W\ ]\ZSY*bn b\b ]1`1,\/ S+WSS Z* Z1]*WnaVSyE V\b\O `my d Z*a +mWE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z +mW Z*]Sa*Z Z* dab*O `1,j1Y q4mV1D \ a1yh*a Ym ]\ZSY*1Y S+WSp Z*O YZ\-\ Wdhj1E ,1/n Ym Y\31Y hSb*bn 11 Z* b\Y q4mV1E Z* V\b\`\Y -\,\`SY , ]\,a1/Z1,Z\y 3S4ZSxD *h*, hSb*bn ]1`1,\/ S+WSS Z* q4mV1 a*Z-\E \/Z* 31ZkSO Z* S4 1Zb`*WnZ\*e`SV*ZaV\y 1a]d+WSVS 4*]W*V*O W* S aV*4*W*B w'b\ q4mV Y\1-\ a1`/g*xD m b\31 ]\O 4,\WSY 1-\,1 \+`*k*bnaq V Z*j1Yd a1`/gdE 1aWS +dO /1Y hSb*bn 1-\ W\,\ V*3/my /1Zn LaD 5B6C *beD 66B7:E 7;MD 59>



  I

W*-\/*`Zm 4* SZab`dY1Zbm S \+dh1ZS1 5;

W*-\/*`Zm WS ,m *`p Sadad `Sabd 4* ,a1 SZO ab`dY1Zbm /Wq aWd31ZSq S ]\ab\qZZ\1 \+dh1ZS1E V\O b\`m1 \Z Z*Y ]`1/\ab*,Wq1bH m/1Wq1b1 WS ,m ,`1Yq Z* hb1ZS1 WSb1`*bd`mE V\b\`dp S4/*1b \3nq \`-*ZSO 4*gSqE S ]\Wn4d1b1an WS 1pE hb\+m ]\Y\-*bn /`d-SYH ˚aWS /*E b\ ,*Y +d/db ]\ZqbZm aW\,* a1ab`m d]*W

1bW1`E V`1abS,j1yaq 8 \Vbq+`q 5=58 -\/*D Z* aV*O 4*W*B w\-/*Ob\ Ym a Yd31Y '/,*`/\Y ]`\]\,1/\,*O WS a ]*b1e\Z*YS S a V*`b\hV*YS /Wq a,S/1b1Wnab,\,*O ZSqD m aWd3SWS ]\ /\Y*Y a VZS-*YSE +`\jp`*YS S 3d`Z*W*YSD m dh*ab,\,*WS , V*Y]*ZSqf S j1ab,Sqf S `*a]`\ab`*ZqWS WSab\,VSD \4/Z11 Ym ab*WS dhSbnO aq /1W*bn ]\,b\`Zm1 ]\a1k1ZSq S ]`\,\/Sbn +S+O W1yaVS1 S4dh1ZSq a SZb1`1adpkSYSaq Wp/nYS d ZSf /\Y*D *V Ym ]`\3SWS Z*amk1ZZdp S ah*abWS,dp 3S4ZnxD Sada \+1k*WE hb\ 1-\ ]\//*ZZm1 +d/db \h1Zn 4*Zqbm P \ZS +d/db a1qbn S dh*ab,\,*bn , 3*b,1 P S ob\ +d/1b ]`SZ\aSbn SY ,a1Y `*/\abnD SWWS\Zm Wp/1yE b*VSf V*V d]*WE ]\/b,1`/qbE hb\ ob\ \+1O k*ZS1 Sa]\WZq1baqD L`\hSb*yb1 \*ZZ* 8B79E 7:DM 5;D *V ,m Y\31b1 ]\V*4*bnE hb\ g1ZSb1 SZab`dY1Zbm S \+dO h1ZS1E V\b\`m1 ,*Y ]`1/\ab*,WqpbE S V*VS1 +W*-\aW\,1ZSq ,m Y\31b1 ,VdaSbnH ˚% ˙)  ˚ )

595

5
E 7:MD 8 * V*VS1 /,1 ,*3Zm1 \a\+1ZZ\abS /df\,Z\y 3*bO ,m dV*4*W SadaH \O]1`,mfE ob\ /1W\ a`\hZ\1D W\O ,* Sada* w]\WqDDD ]\+1W1WS /Wq 3*b,mx P ob\E ]\ adbSE \+`*k1ZZmy V 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY ]`S4m, V 15 Sada Y\- aV*4*bnE hb\ w]\WqDDD ]\+1W1WSxE ]\b\YdE hb\ S/dkS1 V Z1Yd a*Y*`SbqZ1E ,\4Y\3Z\E +mWS \/1bm , +1Wdp \/13/dD

8D *M * V*VS1 /,1 \a\+1ZZ\abS /df\,Z\y 3*b,m dV*4*W SO adaH +M *VS1 ,\]`\am Ym `*aaY\b`SYH 598



  I

/1yab,SpD b\+m dh1ZSVS ]\ZqWSE hb\ ob\ /1W\ Z1O \bW\3Z\1E Sada /\+*,SWB w31 S 3Z1g ]\Wdh*1b ]W*bdxD ˙*E 3*b,* d31 Z*h*W*an P Y1/WSbn +mW\ Z1Wn4qI \O,b\`mfE ob\ /1W\ ]`SZ\aSb `*+\bZSV*Y `*/\abnD *V aV*4*W SadaE a1qb1WS S 3Z1gm +dO /db `*/\,*bnaq ,Y1ab1 L\*ZD 8B79+E 7:MD SadaE Z1O a\YZ1ZZ\E `*/\,*WaqE ,S/qE hb\ wYZ\-S1 a*Y*`SbqO Z1DDD ]\,1`SWS , Z1-\xD ˚-\ dh1ZSVS b\31 Sa]mb*pb \-`\YZdp `*/\abnE 1aWS \b ,a1y /djS +d/db ]`SZSO Y*bn dh*abS1 , 3*b,1 L\*ZD 8B7=P86MD 'b\b `*aaV*4 \ b\YE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ , ]1`,\Y ,1V1E SY11b \a\+\1 4Z*h1ZS1 /Wq Z*aE ]\aV\WnVd ]\V*4m,*1bE V*V a1-\/Zq ]`\f\/Sb ,1WSh*yj*q /df\,Z*q 3*b,* ,a1f ,`1Y1ZD \-/* \Z* Z*h*W*anH b\ , Z1y dh*ab,d1bH  V*V\,m ]W\/m ob\y 3*b,mH

*j *`n `dV\,\/Sb ,1WSh*yj1y 3*b,\y ,a1f ,`1Y1Z 9 ,S/1ZSSE /*ZZ\Y *]\ab\Wd \*ZZdE 1-\,* ]\O V*4*WE hb\ Z*4Z*hSW Sada* `dV\,\/Sbn ,a1YS`Z\y 3*b,\yE SWS a+\`\Y Wp/1yD L`\hSb*yb1 bV`\,1O ZS1 58B58P5:DM ob\Y ,S/1ZSS Sada S4\+`*31Z a ,1Zg\Y Z* -\W\,1 S a1`]\Y , `dV1D w˛\W\b\y ,1Z1gx 9D b\ `dV\,\/Sb ,a1YS`Z\y 3*b,\y S V*V ,S/1ZS1 \*ZZ* dV*4m,*1b Z* a`\hZ\abn 3*b,mH  ˙%   ˚˙

599

a,S/1b1Wnab,d1b \ b\YE hb\ Sada P ]`*,qkSy *`nD  w\ab`my a1`]x dV*4m,*1b Z* 1-\ `\Wn ˝Z1g*D \,\O `q h1`14 *Z-1W* \ b\YE hb\ wd`\3*y Z* 41YW1 d31 a\O 4`1WxE 1-\,* ]\/h1`VS,*1b a`\hZ\abn 3*b,mD ˙1yO ab,Sb1WnZ\E wZ*ab*W h*a 3*b,mx P Y1/WSbn Z1Wn4qI \/hSZqqan ]\,1W1ZSp 1-\,mB wdabS , f\/ a,\y a1`]xE Sada dab`1YWq1b a,\y a1`] Z* 41YWpE S Z* 41YW1 Z*hSZ*1baq 3*b,*E b\ 1abn a+\` Wp/1yD 'b\ ,\O \/dj1,Wqpk11 ,S/1ZS1 1k1 `*4 Z*]\YSZ*1b Z*Y \ b\YE hb\ w]\WqDDD ]\+1W1WS /Wq 3*b,mxD \3Z\ WS a ]\Y\knp ob\-\ ,S/1ZSq \]`1/1WSbnE V\-/* Z*h*W*an ,a1YS`Z*q 3*b,*H 1a\YZ1ZZ\D : ,S/1ZSS \*ZZ* S4 58Oy -W*,m VZS-S bV`\O ,1ZS1 SadaE ˝Z1gE S4\+`*31Z a ,1Zg\Y Z* -\W\,1 LabSf 58ME aW1/\,*b1WnZ\E \Z\ \bZ\aSbaq V ,`1Y1ZS ]\aW1 1-\ Z*4Z*h1ZSq , V*h1ab,1 *`q , 5=58 -\/d L˙*ZD ;B57E 58MD 1`14 V*V\1Ob\ ,`1Yq Sada ]\Wdh*O 1b ]\,1W1ZS1 Z*h*bn 3*b,d LabSf 59MD *V\y 31 ]\`qO /\V a\+mbSy ]`\aW13S,*1baq , `*aaV*4*ZZ\Y SadO a\Y ]`SY1`1 \ 3*b,1 ]j1ZSgmE , V\b\`\Y \Z aV*4*WB w˝*b,* P ob\ 4*,1`j1ZS1 aSab1Ym ,1k1yxD W1/\,*O b1WnZ\E S ]1`S\/ 3*b,mE S 4*,1`j1ZS1 aSab1Ym ,1O :D *M \-/* Z*h*Waq ]1`S\/ 3*b,mH +M \-/* Z*h*Waq a+\` wd`\3*q Z* 41YW1xH +lqaZSb1D 59:



  I

k1y Z*h*WSan , \/Z\ S b\ 31 ,`1Yq P , 5=58 -\/dD \4/Z11 w,\ ,`1Yq 3*b,mx Z*h*Waq a*Y a+\` d`\3*q L*beD 57B7>E 7=MD 1-\/ZqE \-Wq/m,*qan Z*4*/E Ym ,S/SYE hb\ a+\` d`\3*q Z*h*Waq h1`14 Z1aV\WnV\ W1b ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V Sada ab*W *`1YD  5=58 ]\ Z*h*W\ 5=5= -\/* \Z \hSk*W a,\Sf ]\Y*4*ZZmf ]\aW1/\,*O b1W1y L*WD 7B5P7C 5 1bD 8B5;MD ˛*b1YE , 5=5= -\/dE Z*h*Waq a+\` wd`\3*q Z* 41YW1xD 1 b1`qq ,`1Y1ZSE Sada h1`14 b\WnV\ hb\ Z*4Z*h1ZZ\-\ ,1`Z\-\ `*+* ]\Y\- +`*bnqY d,S/1bn Z1\bW\3Z\abn /1W* ]`\]\,1O /SD ˙*,*yb1 ]\aY\b`SYE hb\ b\-/* ]`\S4\jW\D ;

,m]daV1 wb\`\31,\y +*jZSx 4* SpWn 5=6> -\O /* -\,\`SW\anB waaW1/\,*ZS1 Sa*ZSq qaZ\ ]\V*4mO ,*1bE hb\ g1`V,S \V*4*Z* ,1WSV*q h1abn P Z1abS WpO /qY ,1abn \ *`ab,1xD *]`SY1`E +W*-\/*`q ]`\`\O h1aVSY aW\,*Y a*SS +`*bnq \a\4Z*WSE hb\ ,1abn \ *`ab,1 /\W31Z daWmj*bn ,1an YS` LaD 8=B:C 96B;C :5B5P7MD ZS Z1 4Z*WSE V*V SY1ZZ\ ob\ \adk1ab,SbO aqE Z\ ,1`SWSE hb\ 1-\,* \bV`\1b SY ]dbnD L`\hSO b*yb1 a*SS 9=B5DM W*-\/*`q +\W11 qaZ\Yd ]\ZSY*O ZSp b\-\E Z*aV\WnV\ a`\hZ\ ]\`dh1ZZ\1 SY 4*/*ZS1E ;D *M b\ ]\Y\-W\ Z*jSY +`*bnqY d,S/1bn a`\hZ\abn /1W* ]`\]\,1/SH +M * hb\ +`*bnq +mWS Z*ab`\1ZmH  ˙%   ˚˙

59;

\ZS Sa]\WZSWSan `1jSY\abS `*ajS`Sbn /1W\ ]`\]\O ,1/SD *V\,m +mWS `14dWnb*bmH < /1V*+`1 5=65 -\/* , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x a\O \+k*W\anB w'b\b -\/ +mW a*YmY ]`\/dVbS,ZmYD 5=65 -\/d SabSZd daWmj*W\ a*Y\1 +\Wnj\1 4* ]\O aW1/ZS1 -\/m V\WSh1ab,\ Wp/1yxD 3d`Z*W1 b*V31 -\,\`SW\anB w ]1`1/S 1k1 YZ\-\ `*+\bmD DDD ˙*,*yO b1 /1W*bn 11 a `*/\abnpxD +`*bSb1 ,ZSY*ZS1B +`*bnq ]\ZqWS /,1 ,*3Zm1 \a\+1ZZ\abS /1W* ]`\]\,1/SE \ V\b\`mf Sada -\,\`SW *]\ab\W*YEP ob\ /1W\ a`\hO Z\1 S `*+\bZSVS Sa]mbm,*pb `*/\abnD = \aW1 b\-\ V*V , 5=7>Of -\/*f +`*bnq ]\ZqWSE hb\ Z* ,1abn \ *`ab,1 \bVWSVZ1baq YZ\31ab,\ w/`d-Sf ‹ \,1gxE /1W\ ]`\]\,1/S ab*W\ ]`\,\/Sbnaq a +\WnjSY `*4Y*f\Y LaD 99B9C \*ZD 5>B5:C bVD ;B=MD  h1Yd ob\ ]`S,1W\H SaW\ b1fE Vb\ Z1a ,1abn \ *`ab,1E ,mO `\aW\ a 85 >>> , 5=78 -\/d /\ 9>> >>> , 5=97I wb\O `\31,\y +*jZ1x \b 5 /1V*+`q 5=98 -\/* /1W*Waq ]`*,SWnZmy ,m,\/B w 1WSV*q ,a1YS`Z*q 3*b,* \adO W1bH 59
]`SY1`*f \ *`ab,1 SadaE Sa]\Wn4dq q`VS1 \+`*4mE ]`1/aV*4*WE V*VS1 ]W\/m ]`SZ1a1b 3*b,*D ˙*O ,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY ]`SY1`m \ -\`hShZ\Y 41`Z1 S \ 4*V,*aV1D m \+ad/SY -W*,ZmY \+`*4\Y b\E V*V \ZS Sa]\WZqpbaq ,\ ,`1Yq V\Zg*D 55 `SY1` \ -\`hShZ\Y 41`Z1D 1W\,1V a*3*1b -\`hShZ\1 41`Z\D 4 Z1-\ ,m`*ab*1b /1`1,\E , V\b\O `\Y Z*f\/qb dV`mbS1 ]bSgmD L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q 57B75E 76DM *VS1 \a\+1ZZ\abS `\ab* a1Y1ZS ]\/h1`O VS,*pbaq , ob\Y ]`SY1`1H 5M *ajb*+m `\ab* ]\O `*3*pb ,\\+`*31ZS1D w*Y\1 Y*W1ZnV\1 S4 ,a1f a1O YqZx ab*Z\,Sbaq /1`1,\Y a w+\WnjSYS ,1b,qYSx L*`D 8B75E 76MD 6M \ab -*`*ZbS`\,*ZD w\aW1 ]\a1,* \Z\ 41`Z\ ,m`*ab*1bxD Sada Z1 aV*4*WB w \4Y\3O Z\E \Z\ ,m`*ab1bxD ˚-\ aW\,* +mWSB w Z\ ,m`*ab*1bxD 16 \Wnj1 \ b\YE V*V ]`\f\/SW* 3*b,* a 5=5= ]\ 5==6 -\/E Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn S4 VZS-S w,S/1b1WS 1-\,m P ,\4,1k*b1WS *`ab,* \-*xE ab`*ZSgm 869P96>D

5>E 55D *VS1 \a\+1ZZ\abS `\ab* ]\/h1`VS,*pbaq , ]`SY1`1 \ -\`hShZ\Y 41`Z1H  ˙%   ˚˙

59=

\ab a1Y1ZS Z1Wn4q \ab*Z\,SbnD 7M 1b,S `*abdk1O -\ /1`1,* ]`1/\ab*,Wqpb dV`mbS1D w1+1aZm1 ]bSgm ]`SW1b*pb S a1Wqbaq , 1-\ ,1b,qfxD *V obS b`S \a\O +1ZZ\abS a,q4*Zm a a1-\/ZqjZ1y /df\,Z\y 3*b,\yH 56 5M *ajb*+m `\ab*D ob\Y ]`SY1`1 \+`*k*O 1baq ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZS1 ,1abS \ *`ab,1 S Z* `\ab f`SabS*ZaV\-\ a\+`*ZSqD  5=5= -\/* `1,O Z\abZm1 3Z1gm a\+S`*pbaq , ,\aab*Z\,W1ZZ\1 f`SO abS*ZaV\1 a\+`*ZS1D Z*h*W* `*+\bZSV\, Z* 3*b,1 +mW\ Y*W\E Z\ Sf hSaW\ +mab`\ d,1WShS,*W\anD *aO jb*+m `\ab*E ]`\Saf\/qk1-\ a Z*h*W*  ,1V* /\ Z*O jSf /Z1yE ]`\ab\ ]\`*3*pbI LaD :>B66MD 6M *`*ZO bS`\,*ZZ\abnD \ab f`SabS*ZaV\-\ a\+`*ZSq Z1\aO b*Z\,SYD V\WnV\ +m wV*YZ1yx ZS Z*+`\a*WS Z*/ ]\a1qZZmY a1Y1Z1YEP V*VSY +m \31ab\h1ZZmY ZS +mW\ ]`\bS,\/1yab,S1 ,`*-\,EP `\ab\V ,a1 `*,Z\ bqO Z1baq ,,1`fE ]`1\/\W1,*q ,a1 ]`1-`*/m LaD 98B5;MD 7M V`mbS1D w1+1aZm1 ]bSgmxE V\b\`m1 a1Wqbaq , ,1b,qf /1`1,*EP ob\ YSWWS\Zm Wp/1y a SaV`1ZZSY a1`/g1YE 3S,dkS1 ]`SY1`Z\ , 68> ab`*Z*f S b1``SO b\`SqfD ZS \bVWSV*pbaq Z* ,1abn \ *`ab,1 S ab*Z\O ,qbaq h*abnp f`SabS*ZaV\-\ a\+`*ZSq L14D 5;B67MD 56D *V ]`SY1` \ -\`hShZ\Y 41`Z1 a,q4*Z a 3*b,\yE V\b\`*q S/1b a1-\/ZqH 5:>



  I

Z1Y \ZS ]\Wdh*pb /df\,Zdp ]SkdE \a,131ZS1 S 4*O kSbd LaD 76B5E 6C 98B57MD 57 `SY1` \ 4*V,*aV1D \-/* 31ZkSZ* /\+*,WqO 1b , b1ab\ 4*V,*aVdE 4*V,*aV* aV,*jS,*1b ,a1 b1ab\D L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q 57B77DM *VS1 \a\+1ZZ\abS `\O ab* ]\/h1`VS,*pbaq , ob\Y ]`SY1`1H 5M \ab ]`\O S4,\/Sb S4Y1Z1ZSqD `14dWnb*b1 /1yab,Sq 4*V,*aVS b1ab\ 4*V,*jS,*1baqD 6M \ab ]`\Saf\/Sb ]\,a1Y1abO Z\D ˛*V,*aV* aV,*jS,*1b ,a1 wb`S +\WnjS1 Y1`m YdO VSx P ,a1 b1ab\D *V obS /,1 \a\+1ZZ\abS a,q4*Zm a a1-\/ZqjZ1y /df\,Z\y 3*b,\yH 58 5M 4Y1Z1ZSqD ˛*V,*aV* aSY,\WS4S`d1b ,1abn \ *`ab,1E * b1ab\ P h1W\,1h1ab,\D \/\+Z\ b\O Yd V*V 4*V,*aV*E aY1j*ZZ*q a b1ab\YE ]`\S4,\/Sb , Z1Y S4Y1Z1ZSqE ,1abn \ *`ab,1 Y1Zq1b a1`/g* ]`SZSY*pkSf 11 Wp/1y LSYD 56B6MD 6M \,a1Y1abO Z\abnD `\g1aa 4*V,*jS,*ZSq b1ab* aSY,\WS4S`dO 1b `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZS1 ,1abS \ *`ab,1D \/\+Z\ b\Yd V*V 4*V,*aV* aV,*jS,*1b ,a1 b1ab\E ,1abn \ *`ab,1 `*a]`\ab`*Zq1baq w/\ V`*q 41YWSx L˙1qZD 5B> ,\4,1k*b1O W1yE Z*jd /1qb1WnZ\abn 4*]`1bSWS S ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ S4/*W\ dV*4E hb\+m \+ ob\Y +mW\ \+lq,W1Z\ ]\ `*/S\ Z* ,a1f Y1abZmf q4mV*fD *V\-\ 1k1 Z1 +m,*W\I \bq , 1ZSZ1 Wp/S -\,\`qb +\W11 h1Y Z* :> q4mV*fE `*O /S\]1`1/*hS , b\ ,`1Yq \+mhZ\ 4,dh*WS WSjn Z* ]qO bSD \ob\YdE V\-/* \ 4*]`1b1 +mW\ \+lq,W1Z\ Z* ,a1f Y1abZmf q4mV*fE bmaqhS Wp/1yE 3S,dkSf , \b/*W1ZO Zmf `*y\Z*fE ,]1`,m1 daWmj*WS \ Z*aD ZS Z1/\dY1O ,*WSB tb\ b*VS1 ,S/1b1WS 1-\,mH \h1Yd Sf 4*O ]`1bSWSHr \4/Z11E V\-/* Ym /\+`*WSan /\ b1f Y1abE YZ\-S1 Wp/S +mab`\ ]`SZqWS SabSZdxD 1-\/Zq , 1O ZSZ1 +\W11 55 9>> ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD *`Sq ˛SZSh L;8 -\/*E V`1abSW*an , 5=9; -\/dM `*aO aV*4m,*1bB wZ1 Z1 +mW\ S 56 W1bE V\-/* ,ap Z*jd a1O Ynp ,maW*WS S4 V`*SZm , \aaSp S Ym \V*4*WSan , S+S`SD 1aY\b`q Z* ]\]mbVS ,W*ab1y 4*ab*,Sbn Z*a 5:8



  I

4*Y\Wh*bnE hb\+m Ym Z1 ]`\]\,1/\,*WS ZS-/1 Z* ,a1y b1``Sb\`SS +m,j1-\ \,1baV\-\ \p4*E Z*a ab*Z\,SO W\an ,a1 +\Wnj1D /S,Sb1WnZmy `\ab ,\]`1VS 31abV\O Yd a\]`\bS,W1ZSp d+1/SW Y1Zq , b\YE hb\ ob\ /1W\ 1-\,mD SVb\ Z1 aY\31b 1-\ \ab*Z\,SbnIx ˙`d-*q a1O ab`* ]\ SY1ZS *`Sq L;7 -\/*E V`1abSW*an , 5=:> -\O /dM 4*Y1bSW*B w maW*, Z*jSf +`*bn1, , S+S`nE ,W*O abS /*WS YZ\-SY Wp/qYE 3S,dkSY , b1f /*W1VSf V`*O qfE ,\4Y\3Z\abn daWmj*bn SabSZdxD 1ada *`bSZ L;; W1bE V`1abSWaq , 5=99 -\/dM /1WSbaqB w b\ ,`1YqE V\-/* q d4Z*W SabSZdE , a]*ZSS +mW\ 7>> ,S/1b1W1yD 5=:> -\/d Z*a ab*WS 31ab\V\ ]`1aW1/\O ,*bnD `*,Sb1Wnab,\ ]`SV*4*W\ ]\WSgSS dZShb\3Sbn ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD \-/* Ym /dY*WSE hb\ ZSV\-/* Z1 +d/1Y ]`\]\,1/\,*bn +W*-dp ,1abn ]\ ,a1y ab`*Z1D *O  4*W\anE ,a1 ]`\bS, Z*aD /Z*V\ a1-\/Zq , a]*ZSS ]\hO bS 555 >>> ,S/1b1W1yD  Y1Zq +mW* ,\4Y\3Z\abn Z*O +Wp/*bnE V*V `\ab ]`\/\W3*Waq Z1aY\b`q Z* ]`\bS,\O /1yab,S1D \ob\Yd q d,1`1ZB 1aWS 1-\,* a Z*YSE b\ ZSh1-\ Z1,\4Y\3Z\-\ Z1bIx

V`1abSW*an :> W1b Z*4*/E ]\/1WSW*anB w) ,ab`1h*W* Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 -\,\`SWSE hb\ q ]\a1qW* a1Yq , Sf a1`/g1E V\-/* ]`\]\,1/\,*W* SY YZ\-\ W1b Z*4*/D ˙`d-S1 ,S/1b1WS ]\4/Z11 S4dh*WS a ZSYS S+WSp S ]\Y\-WS SY ab*bn aWd3Sb1WqYS 1-\,mE * q \+ ob\Y  ˙%   ˚˙

5:9

 ˙   ˚  )  ˚ ˙ ˙  ˚ ˚ ˛  &(  •"E ,1`Zmy f`SabS*ZaVSy ab*O `1yjSZ*E V\b\`\Yd a1yh*a =5 -\/E Wp+Sb ,a]\YSZ*bnE V*V 1-\ \b1g S /q/q d4Z*WS SabSZd +W*-\/*`q /,dY +dVW1b*YE S4/*ZZmY ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mD w\bSb1 ]\aWdj*bnE V*V ob\ +mW\Hx P a]`*jS,*1b \Z a,\Sf -\ab1yD w d/\,\Wnab,S1YxEP \b,1h*pb \ZSD ˙\+`m1 -W*4* Zb\Znp 4*-\`*pbaqE \Z a*/Sbaq S a dWm+V\y Z*hSZ*1b a,\y `*aaV*4B w\y \b1gE ˛1Z\E +mW +*]bSabaVSY ]*ab\`\YD 5=75 -\/d \Z ]\1f*W ,-Wd+n *Y*4\ZaVSf W1a\,E hb\O +m Z*,1abSbn \/Zd +*]bSabVdD  Z11 /\Y* \Z d,S/1W /,* +S+W1yaVSf +dVW1b*D ˝1ZkSZ* Z*jW* Sf , g1`O V,SE Z\ Z1 4Z*W*E Vb\ Sf b*Y \ab*,SWD \/Z\Y +dVW1O b1 -\,\`SW\an \+ */1E , /`d-\Y P \ ,\aV`1a1ZSSD `\O hSb*ZZ\1 Z1 \ab*,SW\ \bg* `*,Z\/djZmYD Z a`*4d 31 ]\/dY*W \ a,\1Y jd`SZ1 SWn1`YSE Y\1Y /q/1E V\O b\`my ]\ab\qZZ\ -\,\`SW 1YdB t) Z1 ,1`p , \-Z1ZO Zmy */D p+qkSy \- Z1 Y\- a\4/*bn b*V\1 Y1ab\rD \`q Z1b1`]1ZS1Y ]\V*4*bn +dVW1bm SWn1`YSE \b1g 4*]`m-ZdW , V*Z\o S , b1h1ZS1 ,\anYS h*a\, Z1 ,mO ]daV*W S4 `dV ,1aW\E ]\V* Z1 /\+`*Waq /\ *Z*VS`SE a1W1ZSq `q/\Y a *Z*da\YE -/1 3SW SWn1`YSD \-/* \b1g S /q/q SWn1`YS S4dhSWS +dVW1bmE \ZS ,\aVWSVZdWSB t'b\ SabSZ*Ir ZS a`*4d Z*]Sa*WS , +`*O 5::



  I

4SWnaVSy eSWS*W S ]\]`\aSWS 1k1 WSb1`*bd`mD b1g +\Wnj1 Z1 f\b1W +mbn ]*ab\`\YE S \ZS a /q/1y ab*WS /1WSbnaq +S+W1yaV\y ,1abnp a Wp/nYS , b\y \b/*W1ZO Z\y Y1abZ\abSD ˝Sb1WS \V*4*WSan b*VSYS \b4m,hS,mO YSE hb\ Z1 ]`\jW\ S -\/*E V*V , *Z*VS`S ]\q,SW\an a\+`*ZS1D aV\`1 ,ab`1hS ]\a1k*W\ ;> h1W\,1V P , b\ ,`1Yq ob\ +mW\ a*Y\1 +\Wnj\1 a\+`*ZS1 , `*4SWSSxD \aW1 Z1+\Wnj\y ]*d4m Zb\Znp a]`*jS,*1bB w`*,O /*E SZb1`1aZ\ d4Z*bnE V*V ,1abn \ *`ab,1 /\abS-W* Y*4\ZSSHx 'b\ /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ b*VD W*-\/*`q /,dY Y*W1ZnVSY +S+W1yaVSY +dVW1b*Y P /,dY V`\j1hZmY a1Y1hV*YE d]*,jSY , \+jS`Zmf W1a*f Y*4\ZSS S ]dabS,jSY V\`1jVSEP ]\q,SW\an ]`\g,1b*pk11 a\O +`*ZS1D 1-\/Zq a\+`*ZS1 , *Z*VS`SE \+`*4\,*ZZ\1 > W1b S ,S/SYE V*V 4* ob\ ,`1Yq Z1+\Wnj*q -\`abV* \3nSf aWd3Sb1W1y ]`1,`*bSW*an , waSWnZmy Z*`\/xE Z*jS a1`/g* ]\SabSZ1 b`1]1kdb \b `*/\abS LaD :>B9E 66MD dabn 31 ob* `*/\abnE * b*V31 Z*j* Wp+\,n V 1O -\,1E w\4qSZd d`\3*qxE ]\+d3/*1b V*3/\-\ S4 Z*a S /*Wnj1 dh*ab,\,*bn , ,1WSh*yj1y 3*b,1 ,a1f ,`1O Y1Z P /\ b1f ]\`E ]\V* \Z* Z1 +d/1b 4*,1`j1Z*I LdVS 5>B6MD

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ *VS1 /\abS31ZSq *`ab,*E a,q4*ZZm1 a /dO f\,Z\y 3*b,\yE ,m Y\31b1 Z*4,*bnH ˇ \h1Yd ]`SY1`m \ -\`hShZ\Y 41`Z1 S \ 4*V,*aV1 ]\+d3/*pb ,*a ]`\/\W3*bn ]`\]\O ,1/\,*bnH ˇ *VS1 d ,*a 1abn ]`ShSZm /Wq `*/\abS , aWd31ZSSH

5;>



  I

  w  ˚˛˚& x  ˛"˚ w&%•  ˙x w    ]`\S4\y/1b bmaqh*E S \b a*Y\-\ Z14Z*hSb1WnZ\O -\ P aSWnZmy Z*`\/D )E 1-\,*E daV\`p ob\ , a,\1 ,`1Yqx LaD :>B66MD *V Sa]\WZSW\an ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\H *V 1-\ Sa]\WZ1ZS1 ]\,WSqW\ Z* ,S/1b1W1yE 3S,dkSf , `*4Zmf h*abqf YS`* S aWdO 3*kSf \-d d31 /\W-S1 -\/mH

 1`n1 SWnaa\Z LOf -\/*f aWd3SW `*4Z\ahSV\Y VZS-D \-/* b1``Sb\`S1y /Wq ]`\]\,1/S 1Yd +mW* Z*4Z*h1Z* ]\hbS ]\W\,SZ* ",1O gSSE \Z ]\aWdjZ\ Z*h*W ]`\]\,1/\,*bnD  V*VSY 31 ]W\/\b,\`ZmY \V*4*Waq b`d/ ob\-\ +`*b*E * b*V31 /`dO -Sf ,1`Zmf +`*bn1, S a1ab1`I 1-\/Zq d Z*a a,mj1 66 >>> ,\4,1k*b1W1yD  f\bq q d31 , ]`1VW\ZZmf -\/*fE q f\hd S /*Wnj1 ]\aWdjZ\ aWd3Sbn 1-\,1D b\ 4Z*1bE V*VS1 ]\/*`VS 1-\,* ]`S-\b\,SW /Wq Z*a , +d/dk1YHx  'bn1ZZ 'ab1`f1ya1 L> , 5=86 -\/d /\ +\W11 h1Y =8 >>>D *V 31 dV`1]Wq1baq ,1`*E V\-/* bm 4Z*O 1jnE hb\ Z*f\/Sjnaq , b*V\y \-`\YZ\y \`-*ZS4*gSSIx Sb 1y/\Z L> , 5=8< -\/d /\ ]\hbS 57; >>> a1-\/ZqE 5;5

d+13/*1b Y1Zq , b\YE hb\ ob\ /1W\ 1-\,mD ˙\abShn b*V\-\ h1W\,1h1aVSYS daSWSqYS +mW\ +m Z1,\4Y\3Z\E Z\ 1-\,* P t,\`1g hd/1arx LafD 59B55MD

Wn`SV1 `\W\] L;; W1bE V`1abSW*an , 5=96 -\/dMD w\aW1 b\`\y YS`\,\y ,\yZm a\+`*ZSq , 1`Y*ZSS \3S,SWSan +W*-\/*`q *VbS,Z\abS ,S/1b1W1yE ]1`1O 3S,jSf Z*gSabaVS1 ]`1aW1/\,*ZSqD p/S Zd3/*WSan , db1j1ZSSE S Ym Y\-WS db1j*bn Sf a\ a,\+\/\y aW\,*E ,1/n ,S/1b1WS Z1 dh*ab,\,*WS , b\y d3*aZ\y ,\yZ1D * ]`\bq31ZSS ]`\j1/jSf :> W1b q ,S/1W*E V*V /df \O -* ,1W 1-\ Z*`\/D 1-\/Zq d Z*a +\W11 5:8 >>> ,S/1O b1W1yD *4,1 ob\ Z1 d/S,Sb1WnZ\Hx *`Sq `SZ1gV*q L;; W1bE V`1abSW*an , 5=99 -\/dMD w b\+m Z*a Z1 *`1ab\,*WSE Y1Zq V`1abSWS ]\/ ]\V`\,\Y Z\hSD \4/Z11 Y\1-\ Yd3* 4* b\E hb\ \Z +mW ,S/1b1O W1YE a\aW*WS , b`d/\,\y W*-1`nD ) ]`\/\W3*W* \ab\`\3O Z\ ]`\]\,1/\,*bn , Z*j1y /1`1,Z1E S Z1aV\WnV\ a\a1O /1y ]`SZqWS SabSZdD \-/* , \aaSS +mW* WSjn -\`O abV* +`*bn1, S a1ab1`D  a1-\/Zq , Z*j1y ab`*Z1 +\W11 5:< >>> ,S/1b1W1yD 'b\ Z*ab\qk11 ah*abn1Ix SYSV\ )Y*Z\ L;= W1bE V`1abSW*an , 5=98 -\/dMD w\-O /* , 5=;> -\/d q d4Z*W*E hb\ , )]\ZSS 5> >>> ,\4,1k*O b1W1yE q Z1 Y\-W* a/1`3*bn aW14 `*/\abS S 1k1 `*4 ]\O \+1k*W* 1-\,1B t\V* q 3S,dE +d/d ]`1/*ZZ\y b1+1rD `1/ab*,nb1E V*V 31 q `*/dpan a1-\/ZqE V\-/* d Z*a +\O W11 65: >>> ,\4,1k*b1W1yIx 5;6

˙oZS1W /\-*Z L -\/dE V\-/* q V`1O abSWaqE , S-1`SS +mW\ < >>> ,\4,1k*b1W1yD  a1-\/O Zq P \V\W\ 795 >>>I h1Zn b`\-*b1WnZ\ ,S/1bn Z* V\ZO -`1aa*f YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1y P b\-/* q ,a]\YSZ*p --1q 6B;D 1-\,* Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 a\b`qa*1b Z*`\/mE S 31W*ZO Zm1 a\V`\,Sk* ]`Sf\/qb V Z1YdD ) ]\O]`13Z1Yd ab*`*O pan /1W*bn , ]`\]\,1/S ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E ]\b\Yd hb\ b*V q Y\-d aV*4*bn 1-\,1B t]*aS+\IrxD *`Wdj SW,* L;= W1bMD w) V`1abSWaq , 5=96 -\/dE S b\-/* , `*4SWSS +mW\ 9 >>> ,S/1b1W1yD b\Y -\/d Ym ]`\,1WS V\Z-`1aa , \/Z\Y a]\`bS,Z\Y 4*W1 , *ZO *dWdD * ]*`V\,V1 +mW\ b\WnV\ /,1 Y*jSZmD /SZ +`*bE dV*4*, Z* a\a1/ZSy ab*/S\Z t*V*oY+drE a]`\aSW Y1ZqB t*V /dY*1jnE Ym 4*]\WZSY 1-\ V\-/*OZS+d/nHr 'b\ V*4*W\an Z1,1`\qbZmYE Z\ , 5=;7 -\/d b\b ab*/S\Z +mW 4*]\WZ1Z /\ \bV*4*B Z* Z1Y a\+`*W\an =8 9>> +`*bn1, S a1ab1`D 'b\b `\ab ]`\ab\ ,\afSk*1bIx *`W\a *a*`1a L;7 -\/*MD w 5=98 -\/dE V\-/* q V`1O abSWaqE , 1VaSV1 +mW\ 5> 9>> ,\4,1k*b1W1yD \b`1+O Z\abn , aWd3Sb1Wqf +mW* b*V ,1WSV*E hb\ q +mW Z*4Z*O h1Z `*y\ZZmY Z*/4S`*b1W1Y , 65 -\/D *V\1 31 ob\ +W*-\aW\,1ZS1 P a,\SYS -W*4*YS ,S/1bn Sa]\WZ1ZS1 aW\, S4 a*SS :>B66I 1-\/Zq d Z*a a,mj1 : >>> ,\4O ,1k*b1W1yE V\b\`m1 ]`\,\/qb +\Wnj1 YSWWS\Z* S4dh1O ZSy S+WSSI 'b\ ]\b`qa*pk1Ix 5;7

& 7

 %    \SaVS \3n1y ]`*,1/Z\abS   ˙) YSY\ /\Y* a\a1/*E ,m Y*j1b1 1Yd `dV\yD \aW1O /Z11 ,`1Yq ,m 4*Y1h*1b1E hb\ \Z Z*+Wp/*1b 4* ,*YS S ,*O j1y a1Yn1yD \a1/ Y*j1b ,*Y , \b,1bE * 4*b1Y ]\/4m,*1b V a1+1D Z a]`*jS,*1bB w\3Z\ \/SZ ,\]`\aH \h1Yd ,m b*V Z1 ]\f\3S Z* \ab*WnZmfHx P w b\ ,m SY11b1 , ,S/dHx P 4*/*1b1 ,m ,ab`1hZmy ,\]`\aD w m ,1/n ,S/1b1WS 1-\,mE b*VH P -\,\`Sb \ZDP m aSWnZ\ \bWSh*1b1an \b \ab*WnZmf Wp/1yD m Z1 b*VS1E V*V /`d-S1 ,1`dpkS1B Z1 \bY1h*1b1 ]`*4/ZSVSE Z1 dh*ab,d1b1 , ]\WSbSV1 S ,\yZ*fD SVb\ S4 ,*a Z1 Vd`SbD  V*31baqE ,*j* a1Ynq 3S,1b ]\ ,ma\VSY Z`*,O ab,1ZZmY ]`SZgS]*YD \h1Yd ,m Z1 b*VS1E V*V ,a1Hx \Z1hZ\E ,m 4Z*1b1E hb\ \b,1bm Z* ,a1 obS ,\]`\am a,\O /qbaq V \/Z\YdB Ym ]\/hSZq1Yaq ]`*,W1ZSp *`ab,* \-*D *j *`nE Sada `Sab\aE ]\ab\qZZ\ \hSk*1b Z*aD Z ]\O Y\-*1b Z*Y S/bS ]\ 1-\ ab\]*Y S +W*-\/*`q ob\Yd ,m/1O Wqbnaq Z* e\Z1 ob\-\ ]\`\hZ\-\ YS`*D ob\y h*abS Ym d,S/SYE V*V ,\ aW*,d 1-\,m 1aaS*ZaV\1 *`ab,\ \hSk*O W\ \3Sy Z*`\/ , /df\,Z\Y S Z`*,ab,1ZZ\Y \bZ\j1ZSSE * b*V31 ]`\,\/SW\ , Z1Y \`-*ZS4*gS\ZZm1 S4Y1Z1ZSqD

5>

*`n \hSk*1b a,\y Z*`\/ /df\,Z\

˚  %

\h1Yd S V*V Sada \hSk*W a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y /df\,Z\

 \bZ\aSWaq V 1`da*WSYaV\Yd f`*Yd a +\WnO ‹ jSY ]\hb1ZS1YE b*V V*V 4Z*WE hb\ \Z ]`1/ab*,WqWD `*Y /\W-S1 -\/m aWd3SW g1Zb`\Y SabSZZ\-\ ]\VW\O Z1ZSq Z* 41YW1D  ob\ ]\VW\Z1ZS1 P ]\VW\Z1ZS1 a,qb\Yd \-d 1-\,1 P /\W3Z\ +mbn hSabmYD \ob\O Yd ]`1/ab*,nb1 a1+1 hd,ab,* Sada*E V\-/* 5> ZSa*Z* 77 -\/* ZD oD \Z ]`Sj1W , f`*Y S d,S/1WE hb\ 1-\ \aV,1`ZqpbD b\ b\-/* ]`\Saf\/SW\ , f`*Y1H L`\O hSb*yb1 *be1q 65B56E 57DM 6 \ /,\`1 Z11,`11, 3*/Zm1 b\`-\,gm S Y1Z\,kSO VS /1Z1- Z*3S,*WSan Z* b1fE Vb\ ]`Sf\/SWSE hb\O +m ]`SZ1abS 1-\,1 ]`SZ\j1ZSq15D Sada w,m-Z*W 15 d/1qYE ]`Sf\/S,jSY , 1`da*WSYE Zd3Z\ +mW\ ]W*bSbn 131O -\/Zmy Z*W\- Z* f`*Y \]`1/1W1ZZ\y ,*Wpb\yE S Y1Z\,kSVS +`*WS 4* \+Y1Z /1Z1- /\]\WZSb1WnZdp ]W*bdD \YdOb\ S4 Sd/11, b*V31 Zd3Z\ +mW\ ]\Vd]*bn 3S,\bZmf /Wq 31`b,\]`SZ\j1ZSyD Sada Z*4,*W b\`O -\,g1, `*4+\yZSV*YSE ,1`\qbZ\E ]\b\YdE hb\ \ZS ,4SY*WS -`*+Sb1WnO aVdp ]W*bd 4* a,\S daWd-SD

5P7D b\ a/1W*W SadaE V\-/* d,S/1WE hb\ f`*Y \aV,1`ZqpbH & #˚  •  ˙ ˙ 

5;9

\bbd/* ,a1fE Vb\ b*Y ]`\/*,*W S ]\Vd]*Wx S w]1`1,1`O ZdW ab\Wm b1fE Vb\ \+Y1ZS,*W /1Zn-SxD Z ad`\,\ \ad/SW b1f V\`mabZmf Wp/1y 4* b\E hb\ \ZS ]`1,`*O k*WS /\Y 1-\ bg* , w]`Sab*ZSk1 `*4+\yZSV\,xD L`*,ZSb1 11YSS 57B;P=DM *V Sada ]\V*4*W a,\1 ‹ ]\hb1ZS1 V f`*Yd S V b\YdE hb\ \Z ]`1/ab*,WqWD \O VW\Z1ZS1 1-\ bgd /\W3Z\ +mbn hSabmYI 7 \-/* ab\W1bSq a]dabq Sada ab*W 1aaS*ZaVSY *`1YE \Z aZ\,* \hSabSW f`*Y P b\b f`*YE , V\b\O `my a1-\/Zq ]`Sf\/qb ,a1E Vb\ f\bqb ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1O -\,1 d-\/ZmY 1Yd \+`*4\YD V*V\Y f`*Y1 S/1b `1hnH

hSk1ZS1 wamZ\,1y 1,Sqx 8 *V Ym d31 d,S/1WS ,\ 6Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZSO -SE ,\g*`S,jSan , 5=58 -\/dE Sada `Sab\a ,Y1O ab1 a\ a,\SY bg\Y ]`Sj1WE hb\+m ]`\,1`Sbn /df\,O Zmy f`*Y P dab*Z\,W1ZZmy \-\Y ]\`q/\V hSab\O -\ ]\VW\Z1ZSq16D `14dWnb*b1 ob\y ]`\,1`VS *`n d,S/1WE hb\ ]\Y*4*ZZmf f`SabS*ZE wamZ\,1y 1,SqxE Zd3Z\ ]1`1]W*,Sbn S \hSabSbn L*WD 7B5P7MD 1-\O 16 *`\/ 1-\,m Z* 41YW1 ]\VW\Zq1baq 1Yd , 41YZmf /,\`*f ,1WSO V\-\ /df\,Z\-\ f`*Y*D

8E 9D *M *V ]\Y*4*ZZm1 ]\aW1/\,*b1WS `Sab* +mWS ]1`1O ]W*,W1Zm S \hSk1Zm a 5=58 ]\ Z*h*W\ 5=5= -\/*H +M ˛*V\ZhSO W\an WS Z* ob\Y \hSk1ZS1 \3n1-\ Z*`\/*H +lqaZSb1D 5;:



  I

,* \-E W*,SWnkSVE /\]dabSWE hb\+m a 5=58 ]\ Z*O h*W\ 5=5= -\/* 1-\ aWd3Sb1WS ]`1b1`]1WS `*4WShZm1 Sa]mb*ZSq S b`d/Z\abSE V\b\`m1 ]1`1]W*,SWS Sf S \hSabSWSD \Y*4*ZZSVS da]1jZ\ ]`\jWS h1`14 b1 a`*,ZSYm1 a \-Z1Y Sa]mb*ZSqE \ZS \hSabSWSan S +mO WS -\b\,m ]\//1`3*bn 1aaS*ZaV\-\ *`qD 9 \ 4*V\ZhSW\an WS Z* ob\Y \hSk1ZS1 \3n1O -\ Z*`\/*H 1bD b1h1ZS1 ,a1-\ ]1`S\/* ]\aW1/ZSf /Z1yE /1yab,dq h1`14 1aaS*ZaV\-\ *`qE 1-\,* ]`\O /\W3*1b ]\Y\-*bn ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY `Sab* \ab*,*bnaq hSabmYSE hb\+m \ZS Y\-WS S /*Wnj1 aWd3Sbn , /dO f\,Z\Y f`*Y1D aW1/dpkSf /,df -W*,*f Ym d,S/SYE V*V \Z \hSk*W Sf Z`*,ab,1ZZ\ S ]`\,\/SW \`-*ZS4*O gS\ZZm1 S4Y1Z1ZSqD  a1yh*a /*,*yb1 ]\-\,\`SY \ /df\,Z\Y \hSk1ZSSD *j* ,1`* dV`1]SbaqE V\-/* Ym `*aaY\b`SYE hb\ Sada /1W*W S /1W*1b P ,S/SYmY S Z1,S/SYmY /Wq Z*a \+`*4\YEP hb\+m 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*O b1WS +mWS /df\,Z\ hSabmYSD

w`*ZSb1 a1+q hSabmYSx : b\ 4Z*hSb +mbn /df\,Z\ hSabmYH b\+m ]\O Zqbn ob\E /*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY aW\,* 1-\,mE \+`*O k1ZZm1 V Sd/1qYE V\b\`mY ]`1/ab\qW\ ,1`Zdbnaq S4 :D *V ]\,1W1ZSqE /*ZZm1 1-\,\y ]W1ZZmY Sd/1qYE ]\Y\-*O pb ]\ZqbnE hb\ \4Z*h*1b +mbn /df\,Z\ hSabmYH & #˚  •  ˙ ˙ 

5;;

,*,SW\ZaV\-\ ]W1Z* , VI ,1V1 /\ ZD oD L`\hSb*yb1 a*SS 96B55DM 'bS ]W1ZZSVS ,\4,`*k*WSan /\Y\y , 1`da*WSY -W*,ZmY \+`*4\Y /Wq b\-\E hb\+m \bab`\O Sbn f`*Y S ,\aab*Z\,Sbn SabSZZ\1 ]\VW\Z1ZS1 L˚4/D 5B6P8MD 1-\,* f\b1WE hb\+m 1-\ Z*`\/ \hSabSWaq \b ,a1-\E hb\ +mW\ a,q4*Z\ a ,*,SW\ZaV\y `1WS-S1yD +O `*bSb1 ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* b\E hb\ \Z /*W SY `q/ ]\,1W1O ZSyB w1 ]`SV*a*yb1an V Z1hSab\YdxE w mf\/Sb1 S4 1-\ a`1/mx S w`*ZSb1 a1+q hSabmYSxD Sab\1 ]\VW\O Z1ZS1 1-\,1 Z1 /\W3Z\ +mbn 4*]qbZ*Z\ W\3Z\y `1O WS-S1yD *V\y Y\3Z\ a/1W*bn ,m,\/H mbn /df\,Z\ hSabmY P 4Z*hSbE a`1/S ]`\h1-\E /1`3*bnaq , ab\`\O Z1 \b dh1ZSy S \+mh*1, W\3Z\y `1WS-SSD ; 5=5= -\/dE ,aV\`1 ]\aW1 ,\g*`1ZSqE Sada Z*O 4Z*hSW ,1`Z\-\ S +W*-\`*4dYZ\-\ `*+*E S Z1b a\YZ1O ZSyE hb\ SY1ZZ\ h1`14 Z1-\ \Z ]\Y\-*1b \3n1Yd Z*O `\/d +mbn /df\,Z\ hSabmY L*beD 68B89MD  5=5= -\O /d aaW1/\,*b1WS S+WSS d31 \bV*4*WSan \b YZ\-Sf W\3Zmf dh1ZSyD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 SY Zd3Z\ +mW\ \hSO k*bnaq /df\,Z\ S /*Wnj1D 1`14 ,1`Z\-\ `*+* `Sab\a ]\ab1]1ZZ\ ]\Y\-*W a,\SY ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY ]\ZqbnE \b V*VSf ]`*4/ZSV\, S \+mh*1, SY 1k1 Zd3Z\ \bV*O ;D 1`14 V\-\ Sada ]\Y\-*1b a,\SY ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY +mbn /df\,Z\ hSabmYSH 5;
57 -\/d ,maj11 hSaW\ ,\4,1k*b1W1y a\ab*,SW\ ; =:9 =98 h1W\,1V*E , b\ ,`1Yq V*V Z* 1h1`p ,\a]\YSZ*ZSq aY1`bS `Sab* ]`SjW\ 5= 685 696 h1W\,1V*D 2: b/1W1ZS1 f\`\j1y `m+m \b Z1]`S-\/Z\y P ob\ Z1 b\ 31 a*Y\1E hb\ \b/1W1ZS1 \,1g \b V\4W\, L*beD 69B75P8:MD b/1W1ZS1 \,1g \b V\4W\,E SWS \V\Zh*b1WnZmy ad/E ]`\S4\y/1b ,\ ,`1Yq +d/dO k1-\ ,1WSV\-\ +1/ab,SqD ˙\ b\-\ ,`1Y1ZS d wZ1]`S-\/Z\yx `m+m 1k1 1abn ,\4Y\3Z\abn ,1`Zdbnaq V 1-\,1 S ]\]*abn , wa\ad/mxE b\ 1abn , a\+`*ZSq L*WD 7B;MD 5
B5P8E 5>E 58E 5:E 66C 85B6>MD 6 ob\Y ,S/1ZSS ]`1/ab*,W1Z /df\,Zmy f`*YD ˙*ZO Z\1 141VSSW1Y \]Sa*ZS1 f`*Y* Z*ab\WnV\ ]\/`\+Z\E 5D *V\1 ,Zdj*pk11 b`1]1b ,S/1ZS1 d,S/1W 141VSSWnH 6D *M b\ aSY,\WS4S`d1b f`*Y S4 ,S/1ZSq 141VSSWqH LY\bO `Sb1 b*V31 aZ\aVdDM +M b\ Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn S4 b\-\E V*VSYS +mO WS ,\`\b* f`*Y*H   ˚ ˚ #˚˚

5=5

hb\ 4*ZSY*1b = -W*, 1-\ ]`\`\h1aV\y VZS-S P a 8>Oy ]\ 85

˚aWS /*E b\ /*,*yb1 ]\YZSbnE hb\ *b*Z* ]\ab\qZZ\ ab`1YSbaq `*4`djSbn Z*jS \bZ\j1ZSq a 1-\,\y S Sada\YE ]\/`m,*q d,*31ZS1 V \3nSY Z\`Y*Y Y\O `*WSD ]`\bS,\,1a 1-\ ,WSqZSp \`-*ZS4*gSq 1-\,m ]\ab\qZZ\ a Wp+\,np ]`1/\ab1`1-*1b Z*a \b +14Z`*,O ab,1ZZmf ]db1y ob\-\ YS`*D ˙*,*yb1 ]`SaWdjS,*bnaq V b*VSY S/dkSY Z*Y Z* +W*-\ a\,1b*Y S ]\abd]*bn , a\-W*aSS a ZSYS L`SbD 5=B6>MD

˛*kSb* a\+`*ZSq \b Z`*,ab,1ZZ\-\ \aV,1`Z1ZSq 5< b\`*q \+W*abnE , V\b\`\y f`SabS*Z*Y Zd3Z\ +mO W\ \hSabSbnaqE V*a*1baq /1yab,SyE ]`1/]`SZSY*1Ymf /Wq b\-\E hb\+m a\+`*ZS1 \ab*,*W\an hSabmYD  a\3*O W1ZSpE Z1 ,a1E Vb\ \/Z*3/m ]`SZqW \3nS Z\`Ym ]\O ,1/1ZSq S ]\a,qbSWaq 1-\,1E \ab*pbaq ,1`ZmYS a,\O 1Yd `1j1ZSpD *ab`\y Z1V\b\`mf Y1Zq1baqE S \ZS Z*O Y1`1ZZ\ ,\aab*pb ]`\bS, obSf Z\`YD *V ]\abd]*bn a b*VSYS Wp/nYSH 1V\b\`m1 YmaWS ]\ ob\Yd ]\,\O /d Y\3Z\ Z*ybS , ,S/1ZSS 141VSSWq \ /df\,Z\Y f`*O Y1E V\b\`\1 \+ad3/*W\an , Z*h*W1 -W*,mD a]\YZSb1E hb\ ,\ ,a1f ,ma\VSf ,\`\b*f +mWS V\YZ*bm ab`*3SD b`*3* 4*kSk*W* f`*YE Z1 ]daV*q , Z1-\ Wp/1y wa Z1O 56



  I

\+`14*ZZmY a1`/g1Yx L14D 88B=MD 'b\ aWd3Sb qaZmY Z*]\YSZ*ZS1Y \ b\YE hb\ , hSab\Y ]\VW\Z1ZSS Y\O -db dh*ab,\,*bn b\WnV\ b1E Vb\ ab`1Yqbaq 3Sbn , a\-W*O aSS a dab*Z\,W1ZZmYS 1-\,\y hSabmYS Z\`Y*YS ]\O ,1/1ZSqD *V31 S ]\h1bZ\1 ]`*,\ \+k*bnaq a ,1`ZmO YS f`SabS*Z*YSE ,Y1ab1 a ZSYS ]\VW\Zqqan \-dE /*Z\ Z1 V*3/\YdD 5= 5DM 5=>8 -\/d , VZS-1 w\,\1 b,\`1ZS1x -\,\`SW\anE hb\ b1E Vb\ d]\`ab,dpb , Z1]`*,SWnZ\Y ]\,1/1ZSSE ]`1/ab*,Wqpb /Wq a\+`*ZSq \]*aZ\abnB \ZS Y\-db 1-\ `*4,`*bSbnD b1 -\/m a1`n14Zm1 -`1fS `*aO aY*b`S,*W\ ,a1 a\+`*ZS1 ,\ ,`1Yq wg1`V\,Zmf ad/\,xD

/Z*V\ ob\ aWdh*W\an /\ab*b\hZ\ `1/V\D 5=88 -\O /d , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x +mW\ dV*4*Z\E hb\ b*VS1 /1O W* /\W3Zm `*4+S`*bn b\WnV\ \b,1bab,1ZZm1 +`*bnqD 5=96 -\/d , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x +mW S4W\31Z \aZ\O ,*ZZmy Z* S+WSS ]\`q/\V `*aaY\b`1ZSq ]`*,\,mf 5=E 6>D *M *V `Sab\a ]\ab1]1ZZ\ ]\Y\-*W a,\SY ]\aW1/\O ,*b1WqY b\hZ11 ]\ZSY*bn ]\`q/\V `*aaY\b`1ZSq a1`n14Zmf -`1f\,H +M \ V*VSY b`1Y ]`ShSZ*Y S4 a\+`*ZSq SaVWph*pb Z1`*aV*S,*pkSfaq -`1jZSV\,H   ˚ ˚ #˚˚

6>7

,\]`\a\, S ]\/h1`VS,*W*an \/Z* S4 \aZ\,Zmf ]`ShSZ SaVWph1ZSq S4 a\+`*ZSq Z1`*aV*S,*pkSfaq -`1jZSO V\, P Z1\+f\/SY\abn a\f`*Zqbn hSab\bd a\+`*ZSqD 6> /*WnZ1yj1Y `Sab\a ]\Y\- a,\SY ]\aW1/\,*b1O WqY +\W11 b\hZ\ ]\Zqbn ]\`q/\V `*aaY\b`1ZSq a1`n14O Zmf -`1f\,D `SabS*ZaVSY ab*`1yjSZ*Y ]`1/\ab*,WqO 1baq V*h1ab,1ZZ\1 \+dh1ZS1E hb\+m \ZS `*aaY*b`S,*O WS ]`*,\,m1 ,\]`\am b*VE V*V ob\-\ f\h1b 1-\,*EP ]`\q,Wqq S a]`*,1/WS,\abnE S YSW\a1`/S1D 1-\/Zq Ym ]\ZSY*1YE hb\ SaVWph1ZS1 S4 a\+`*ZSq Z1`*aV*S,*O pkSfaq -`1jZSV\, Z1\+f\/SY\ ]\ Y1Znj1y Y1`1 ]\ b`1Y ]`ShSZ*YB 5M SYq 1-\,m Z1 /\W3Z\ ]\/,1`-*bnO aq ]\4\`dE 6M a\+`*ZS1 Zd3Z\ 4*kSk*bn \b `*4W*-*pO k1-\ ,WSqZSq a1`n14Z\-\ -`1f* S 7M -`1jZSVd Z1\+f\O /SY\ ]\Y\hn ]`SybS V `*aV*qZSpE 1aWS ob\ ,\4Y\3Z\D 65 \ZSY*1b1 WS ,mE ]\h1Yd b*V*q Y1`*E V*V SaVWpO h1ZS1 S4 a\+`*ZSqE \V*4*W*an /Wq a\,`1Y1ZZmf ]\aO W1/\,*b1W1y `Sab* +W*-\aW\,1ZS1YH /`1,Z1Y 4`*O SW1 Z*`djSb1WS ˛*V\Z* h*ab\ \V*4m,*WS -d+Sb1WnZ\1 ,WSqZS1 Z* ,1an Z*`\/D Z\-/* b*VSf 4*V\Z\]`1abd]O ZSV\, ab*Z\,SW\an +\Wnj1E h1Y b1fE Vb\ Wp+SW 1-\,d S ]\abd]*W ]`*,SWnZ\D \ob\Yd Z*`\/ h*ab\ Z*,W1V*W 65D \h1Yd b*V*q Y1`*E V*V SaVWph1ZS1 S4 a\+`*ZSqE \V*4*O W*an /Wq Z*`\/* \-* +W*-\aW\,1ZS1YH 6>8



  I

]\4\` Z* SYq 1-\,m S WSj*Waq 1-\ +W*-\aVW\ZZ\abS L1`D ;B67P69

aWd31ZS1 ]`1,mj1 ,a1-\ \ab*WnZ\-\ , 3S4ZSD /Z*V\ , b\ 31 ,`1Yq Ym ,S/SYE hb\ SY Zd3Z\ +mW\ +\Wnj1 d`*,Z\,1j1ZZ\abSD \h1YdH 67 4O4* \]`1/1W1ZZmf Z*4Z*h1ZSy , aWd31ZSSE Z*O ]`SY1` `*4l14/Z\y `*+\bmE +`*bnq h*ab\ \badbab,\,*O WS /\Y* YZ\-S1 Y1aqgmD `S4m,m Z1 ,abd]*bn , +`*V +mWS +\W11 V*b1-\`ShZmYSE h1Y , Sa*ZSSE S a`*,ZSO b1WnZ\ Y*W\ -\,\`SW\an \ b\YE V*V dV`1]Wqbn a1Y1yO Zm1 d4mD bZ\aqbaq WS a1-\/Zq f`SabS*Z1 V +`*Vd b*O VSY 31 \+`*4\YH \Z1hZ\ Z1bI 68 1-\/Zq Ym ,m]\WZq1Y Z*jS b1\V`*bSh1aVS1 4*O /*ZSq Z1 , dk1`+ a1Y1yZmY \+q4*ZZ\abqYD L`\hSO b*yb1 5 SY\e1p 9B8P679D

hb\ , ]1`,\Y ,1V1 Z*/4\` , a\+`*ZSqf \adk1ab,WqWaq Z1 \/ZSY ab*`1yjSZ\yE SWS Z*/4S`*b1W1YE * a\,1b\Y ab*`1yjSZD L`\hSb*yb1 SWS]]Syg*Y 5B5C 5 SO Y\e1p 8B58DM \Zq, ob\E +`*bnq S4 `dV\,\/qk1-\ a\O ,1b* \a\4Z*WSE hb\ *`nE SadaE Z*]`*,WqW Sf V b\O YdE hb\+m dWdhjSbn ab`dVbd`d \3n1y \`-*ZS4*gSSE S \ZS +mWS -\b\,m ]\/hSZSbnaq `dV\,\/ab,d *`qD

ZS Z14*Y1/WSb1WnZ\ ]`1/]`SZqWS S4Y1Z1ZSqE a,qO 4*ZZm1 a\ aWd31ZS1Y ab*`1yjSZE hb\+m \`-*ZS4*gSq , +\Wnj1y Y1`1 a\\b,1bab,\,*W* \+`*4gdE \ V\b\`\Y

˛ %E  % ˝& w

 x

65=

-\,\`Sbaq , Sa*ZSSD ˙*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY Z1V\b\O `m1 dWdhj1ZSqE a/1W*ZZm1 , Z*h*W1 5=;>Of -\/\,D 56 1`,\1 S4Y1Z1ZS1 V\aZdW\an a*Y\-\ `dV\,\/qO k1-\ a\,1b*D ˙\ b\-\ ,`1Y1ZS , Z1-\ ,f\/SWS a1Yn ]\O Y*4*ZZmf +`*bn1,E V\b\`m1 a\ab*,WqWS a\,1b /S`1VO b\`\, +k1ab,* b\`\31,\y +*jZSE S+WSy S b`*Vb*O b\, L1ZaSWn,*ZSqMD /Z*V\ , 5=;5 -\/d hSaW\ hW1Z\, `dV\,\/qk1-\ a\,1b* +mW\ d,1WSh1Z\ a ; /\ 55 S \Z +\Wnj1 Z1 \b\3/1ab,WqWaq a a\,1b\Y /S`1Vb\`\,D ˚-\ hW1Zm ahSb*WS a1+q `*,ZmYS ]\ ]\W\31ZSpE b1]1`n ,a1 \ZSE 131-\/Z\ aY1Zqq /`d- /`d-* , *We*,SbZ\Y ]\O `q/V1E aWd3SWS 1-\ ]`1/a1/*b1WqYSD 57 W1/dpk11 S4Y1Z1ZS1 4*b`\ZdW\ ,a1 a\+`*ZSqD *VSY \+`*4\YH  5=76 ]\ 5=;6 -\/ Z*/4\` , a\O +`*ZSS \adk1ab,WqWaq -W*,ZmY \+`*4\Y \/ZSY +`*O b\YD ˙\ 5=7: -\/* ob\b Z*4Z*h1ZZmy +`*b Z*4m,*Waq aWd31+ZmY `dV\,\/Sb1W1YD \b\Y \Z ab*W Z*4m,*bnO aq aWd3Sb1W1Y b\,*`Sk1ab,*E 4*b1Y P aWd3Sb1W1Y a\+`*ZSqE S Z*V\Z1g P Z*/4S`*b1W1Y a\+`*ZSqD 'bS 56D *M *VS1 S4Y1Z1ZSq ]`\S4\jWS , `dV\,\/qk1Y a\,1b1H +M ]SjSb1E V*V a1-\/Zq dab`\1Z dV\,\/qkSy a\,1bD LY\bO `Sb1 `*YVd w*V dV\,\/qkSy a\,1b 4*+\bSbaq \+ SZb1`1a*f *`ab,*x Z* ab`*ZSg*f 677P679DM 57D *M *V\y ]\`q/\V /1yab,\,*W , a\+`*ZSqf Z* ]`\bq31O ZSS 8> W1bH +M b\ dV\,\/qkSy a\,1b a/1W*W , 5=;6 -\/dH 66>



  I

Z*4Z*h1ZZm1 +`*bnq da1`/Z\ 4*+\bSWSan \ /df\,Z\Y +W*-\]\WdhSS ab*/*D +mhZ\ Z*/4S`*b1Wn ]`SZSY*W `1j1ZSqE V*a*pkS1aq a\+`*ZSqE Z1 a\,1bdqan a /`dO -SYS +`*bnqYSD /Z*V\ , 5=;6 -\/d dV\,\/qkSy a\O ,1b \adk1ab,SW Sab\`Sh1aV\1 S4Y1Z1ZS1D h1Y \Z\ 4*VWph*W\anH 58 1]1`n V*3/mY a\+`*ZS1Y ab*W `dV\,\/Sbn Z1 \/SZ +`*bE * a\,1b ab*`1yjSZE a\ab\qkSy S4 +`*O bn1,E V\b\`m1 a\\b,1bab,\,*WS +S+W1yaVSY b`1+\,*O ZSqY S +mWS Z*4Z*h1Zm b1\V`*bSh1aVSD 'b\ Z\,\,,1O /1ZS1 ,abd]SW\ , aSWd 5 \Vbq+`q 5=;6 -\/*D 1-\/Zq V\\`/SZ*b\` a\,1b* ab*`1yjSZ ahSb*1b a1+q Z1 ]1`O ,mY a`1/S `*,ZmfE * wY1ZnjSYx LdVS =B8 h1W\,1V V`1abSW\anD w'b\ +mW\ d/S,Sb1WnZ\EP ,a]\YSZ*pb ad]`d-SDP 1-\,* a S4O +mbV\Y +W*-\aW\,SW Z*aI a1 , a\+`*ZSS `*/\,*WSanE ,S/qE V*VS1 `14dWnb*bm ]`SZ\aSb ]`SY1Z1ZS1 `dV\O ,\/ab,*E Saf\/qk1-\ \b \3n1y \`-*ZS4*gSSxD

WSS ]\ZSY*WSE hb\ Z* ZSf W13Sb \b,1bab,1ZZ\abn ]\Y\-*bn a\,1`dpkSY a ]\ab\qZab,\Y aWd3Sbn \O -dD L`\hSb*yb1 *W*b*Y :B5>DM 5=>< -\/d , wb\O `\31,\y +*jZ1x +mW* Z*]1h*b*Z* ab*bnqE , V\b\`\y `*aaY*b`S,*W\an ]\,1W1ZS1 Sada*B w*aS Y\Sf \,1O h1Vx L\*ZD 65B59P5;MD b\y ab*bn1 ab*`1yjSZ*Y +mW\ aV*4*Z\B w h1Zn ,*3Z\E hb\+m 4*/*ZS1 \a]\O /SZ*E a,q4*ZZ\1 a\ ab*/\YE 4*ZSY*W\ ,*3Z\1 Y1ab\

˛ %E  % ˝& w

 x

667

, Z*jSf a1`/g*f S hb\+m Ym ahSb*WS +\Wnj\y h1O abnp ]Sb*bn ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y \a]\/* S 4*+\bSbnaq \ ZSfxD 5=69 -\/d , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x aZ\,* ]\/h1`VS,*W\anE Z*aV\WnV\ ,*3Z\ aWd31ZS1 ]*abmO `1yD Z1y ab*`1yjSZ*Y Z*]\YSZ*W\anB w1`V\,n \O -* ]`SZ*/W13Sb 1YdDDD S \Z ]\b`1+d1b d \b,1bab,1ZO Zmf \bh1b* 4* b\E V*V \ZS aWd3SWS a,\SY +`*bnqYxD 5; *V \`-*ZS4*gSq 1-\,m ]\Y\-*W* ab*`1yjSZ*Y ab*Z\,Sbnaq +\W11 dY1WmYS ]*abm`qYSE hb\+mE V*V +mW\ ]`1/aV*4*Z\E w,Y1ab\ 31W14*x ]\q,SW\an wa1`1O +`\xH Z* ]`1/\ab*,WqW* SY \+dh1ZS1D 5=9= -\O /d ]`\jW* ]1`,*q "V\W* g*`ab,1ZZ\-\ aWd31ZSq /Wq Z*/4S`*b1W1yD * Z1yE , h*abZ\abSE \+ad3/*O W*an b1Y* w`\q,Wqyb1 WShZ\1 ,ZSY*ZS1xD b,1bO ab,1ZZmf +`*bn1, ]\+d3/*WS wa\ab*,Sbn -`*eSV ]\O a1k1ZSq ,\4,1k*b1W1y d ZSf /\Y*xD \ ,`1Yq 4*ZqO bSq `*aaY*b`S,*WSan `*4WShZm1 a]\a\+mE V*V a/1W*bn b*VS1 ]\a1k1ZSq \+\/`qpkSYSD 5=:: -\/d "V\O W* g*`ab,1ZZ\-\ aWd31ZSq ab*W* ]`\,\/Sbnaq ]\ \+O Z\,W1ZZ\y ]`\-`*YY1D * \/Z\Y S4 d`\V\, \+ad3O /*W*an b1Y* w *3Z\abn ]*abm`aV\y ]\Y\kSxD *V\y +mW* -W*,Z*q YmaWn b\-\ d`\V*H 1E Vb\ +1`1b Z* a1O 5;D b\ +mW\ a/1W*Z\ /Wq b\-\E hb\+m Z*/4S`*b1WS ab*WS dY1WmYS ]*abm`qYSH 668



  I

+q `dV\,\/ab,\E w/\W3Zm a Wp+\,np 4*+\bSbnaq \ \O 3n1Y ab*/1E Z1 4*+m,*q d/1Wqbn /\ab*b\hZ\ ,ZSY*O ZSq a,\1y a1Yn1 S Z1 ]`1Z1+`1-*q ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aVSY aWd31ZS1YxD ]\aW1/ZS1 -\/m ]`\,\/SWSan S /`d-S1 jV\Wm /Wq ab*`1yjSZD *VS1 ]W\/m ]`SZ1aW\ `1-dO Wq`Z\1 \+dh1ZS1E ]`1/\ab*,Wq1Y\1 \`-*ZS4*gS1y 1O -\,mH 1-\/Zq , f`SabS*ZaVSf a\+`*ZSqf /df\,ZmO YS ]*abm`qYS aWd3*b bmaqhS f\`\j\ ]\/-\b\,W1ZO Zmf +`*bn1,D 5




  I

+mW\ \+lq,W1Z\ \ b\YE hb\ , a\+`*ZSqf ]\q,qbaq ab*O `1yjSZmE \b,1bab,1ZZm1 +`*bnq b*V31 Z*]Sa*WSE hb\ ,a1Y a1`/g1Y f\bqbE hb\+m ob\b Z\,my ]\`q/\V ]\Y\aWd3Sb1WqY \-* w+mab`11 /\abShn 1/SZab,* , ,1`1xE S Y\Wqbaq \+ ob\YD -Wq/m,*qan Z* ]`\j1/jS1 /1aqO bSW1bSqE Ym a d/\,W1b,\`1ZS1Y \bY1h*1YE hb\ ]\ab1O ]1ZZm1 S4Y1Z1ZSq , \adk1ab,W1ZSS `dV\,\/ab,* , a\+`*ZSSE V\b\`m1 ]`1/]`SZSY*W 1-\,* h1`14 Z*O j1-\ *`qE dV`1]SWS Z*j1 1/SZab,\ LaD ==B8MD 1O -\/Zq ,a1 aWd3Sb1WS 1-\,mE -/1 +m \ZS ZS 3SWSE `*/dpbaqE f\/q w, \/Z\Y S b\Y 31 /df1xE w]\ b1Y 31 ab\]*YxE S aWd3* w \-d YS`*x w]W1h\Y V ]W1hdx L6 \`D 56B5Of -\/\, ]`\]\,1/ZSV\, *`ab,* *`1O ab\,m,*WS S hb\ `1jSWS ]`1/]`SZqbn b1E Vb\ `dV\,\/SW \`O -*ZS4*gS1yH   ˚˙   #() ˙%

67=

jb*b\, , \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b*f Y1`SVS ]`SZd3/*O WS ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m ]`S\+`1b*bn \eSgS*WnZ\1 `*4O `1j1ZS1E SWS WSg1Z4SpE Z* dh*abS1 , aWd31ZSSD \ Z*jS +`*bnq Z1 \+`*k*WSan V ,W*abqY 4* b*VSYS `*4O `1j1ZSqYSD Sg1Z4Sp Y\3Z\ \b\4,*bnE * +`*bnq ahSO b*WSE hb\ ZS \/Z\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ Z1 SY11b ]`*,* Y1O j*bn f`SabS*Z*Y Sa]\WZqbn ]\,1W1ZS1 Sada* ]`\]\O ,1/\,*bn ,1abn \ *`ab,1 L*`D 57B5>MD *V aW1/ab,S1E ]\/,1`-*WSan *`1ab*Y a\bZS ]`\]\,1/ZSV\, *`ab,*D \ob\Yd b1E Vb\ `dV\,\/SW \`-*ZS4*gS1yE `1jSWSE hb\ Z1\+f\/SY\ \+`*bSbnaq , ad/D ZS Z*/1qWSan /\V*4*bnE hb\E \-`*ZShS, ]`*,\ ,S/1b1W1y a,\+\/Z\ Sa]\,1/\O ,*bn a,\p `1WS-SpE -\ad/*`ab,\ ]\abd]SW\ Z14*V\ZZ\D 5=7< -\/d ]`\S4\j1W \/SZ aWdh*yE V\b\`my ]`S,1W V Sab\`Sh1aV\Yd ad/1+Z\Yd `*4+S`*b1Wnab,dD b\ 31 ]`\S4\jW\H : b`\Y ,\ ,b\`ZSV 6: *]`1Wq 5=7< -\/* :>OW1bZSy npb\Z *ZbdoWWE 1-\ 31Z* 'ab1` S Sf amZ\,nq 1ZO `SE *aa1WW S ˙31aaS L,a1 ]qb1`\ +mWS a]1gS*WnZmO YS ]S\Z1`*YSM ,mjWS S4 /\Y*E hb\+m ]`\,1abS /1Zn , ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aV\Y aWd31ZSS , -\`\/1 npO1y,1Z Ljb*b \ZZ1VbSVdbMD /Z*V\ \ZS +mWS -\b\,m V b\YdE hb\ ,1h1`\Y Z1 ,1`Zdbaq /\Y\yD \h1YdH f d31 Z1O :E ;D b\ ]`\S4\jW\ a a1Yn1y *ZbdoWWH 68>



  I

aV\WnV\ `*4 *`1ab\,m,*WSE S \ZS ]\ZSY*WSE hb\ b*V\1 Y\31b ]\,b\`SbnaqD \ ob\ Z1 d-*aSW\ 31W*ZSq a1YnS *ZbdoWW Z1abS Wp/qY ,1abn \ *`ab,1D ZS ]`S1f*O WS , npO1y,1Z Z* /,df *,b\Y\+SWqfD npb\Z +mW 4* `dW1Y Sf a1Y1yZ\y Y*jSZmE , V\b\`\y +mW* +S+O W1yaV*q WSb1`*bd`* S ]*b1e\ZmE * 66OW1bZSy 1Z`S P 4* `dW1Y Y*jSZm a `d]\`\YD *V \ZS S ]`1/]\W*-*O WSE h1`14 Z1aV\WnV\ h*a\, Sf 4*/1`3*W* ]\WSgSqD ;

Z*h*W* *`1ab\,*WS 5: -\/*E V\b\`my ]\4,\WqW ad/d ]`S4Z*bn h1W\,1V* ,SZ\,ZmYE 1aWS V*4*W\anE hb\ 1-\ aW\,* `*4O 3S-*WS ,`*3/dEP /*31 V\-/* \Z -\,\`SW ]`*,/dD

57D b\ ]1`,mYS ]`1/ab*WS ]1`1/ ad/\Y ]\ \+,SZ1ZSp , *ZbS-\ad/*`ab,1ZZ\y *-Sb*gSS S V*VSY +mW\ `1j1ZS1 ad/* ]1`,\y SZab*ZgSSH   ˚˙   #() ˙%

689

Z1Z*,S/1W ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mE \bV*4*Waq ]`SZqbn ,\ ,ZSY*ZS1 /\V*4*b1Wnab,* Z1,SZ\,Z\abS a1YnS dj1D

Z 4*ZqW ab\`\Zd \+,SZ1ZSq S 4*q,SWE hb\ +dVW1b `*4O 3S-*1b ,`*3/d S hb\ ]\ob\Yd dj1 Z1\+f\/SY\ ]`SO 4Z*bn ,SZ\,ZmYSD \ adbSE ]\4SgSq ad/nS a,\/SW*an V aW1/dpk1YdB -\,\`Sbn ]`*,/d P ]`1abd]W1ZS1I 'Y1 S ˝S41Wn +mWS \ad3/1Zm ]\ \+,SZ1ZSp , `*a]`\ab`*O Z1ZSS Yqb13Z\-\ ]*aV,SWqE S /*31 Y*W1ZnV*q paSWn ]`\,1W* /,* /Zq , bp`1YZ\y V*Y1`1D `*bnq ]\/*WS *]1WWqgSp , 1`f\,Zmy ad/ *Z*/mE V\b\`my ]`SZqW /1W\ V `*aaY\b`1ZSpD 58 1Y ,`1Y1Z1Y Z*jS Yd31ab,1ZZm1 +`*bnq S a1O ab`m , ,1+1V1 ]`\/\W3*WS ]`\]\,1/\,*bn ,1abn \ *`ab,1E Z1aY\b`q Z* Z1]`1V`*k*pkS1aq 31ab\VS1 Z*]*/1ZSq Z* ZSfD *ab\ ob\ ]`S,\/SW\ V ]\`*4Sb1WnO ZmY `14dWnb*b*YD ˛* h1bm`1 -\/* ]\aW1 ]`\,1/1ZZ\y , 5=8: -\/d V*Y]*ZSS ]\ `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSp +dVW1b* hSaW\ ,S/1b1W1y , ,1+1V1 ,m`\aW\ a 7>> /\ 5 >>> h1W\,1VI17 17 5=9> -\/d , ,1+1V1 aWd3SWS 5:8 ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZmf aWd3Sb1O WqE , b\Y hSaW1 :7 ,m]daVZSV* "V\Wm *W**/E V\b\`m1 a -\b\,Z\abnp \b]`*,SWSan bd/*E f\bq 4Z*WSE hb\ ab\WVZdbaq a 31ab\VSY ]`\bS,\O /1yab,S1YD

58D *V ]\abd]*WS Z*jS +`*bnq , ,1+1V1 , -\/m ]`1aW1/\O ,*ZSyH 68:



  I

59

SpZ1 5=9> -\/* 1`f\,Zmy ad/ *Z*/m , ]\WO Z\Y a\ab*,1 L= ad/1yM ,maWdj*W /1W\ 'Y1 dj1D "1abn Y1aqg1, a]dabqE 5< /1V*+`q 5=9> -\/*E ad/ ,mO Z1a `1j1ZS1 , Z*jd ]\Wn4dD \h1YdH *V \+lqaZSW +`*b W1Z *dE */,\V*b ,S/1b1W1yE ad/ a\-W*aSWaq a /\,\/*YS 4*kSbm \ b\YE hb\ w*ZbS]`*,Sb1Wnab,1ZZ*q *-Sb*gSqx ]`1/]\W*-*1b ]\/ab`1V*b1Wnab,\ V ]`SY1O Z1ZSp Z*aSWnab,1ZZmf Y1` SWS V Yqb13d ]`\bS, adO k1ab,dpk1y ,W*abSD /Z*V\ +dVW1b wZ1 a\/1`3*W ]\O /\+Z\-\ `\/* ]`S4m,\, S ]\b\Yd +mW ,]\WZ1 4*V\ZO Z\y e\`Y\y \adk1ab,W1ZSq a,\+\/m aW\,*xD `*b *d /\+*,SWB w) a\+ab,1ZZmYS -W*4*YS d,S/1WE V*V 1-\O ,* /*`d1b ]\+1/dx18D 5: 'b\ `1j1ZS1 1`f\,Z\-\ ad/* ]\SabSZ1 +mW\ 4Z*hSb1WnZ\y ]\+1/\y *`ab,* \-*D W*-\/*`q 1Yd +mW\ 4*V`mb\ 1k1 566 /1W* ]\ \+,SZ1ZSp V,1+1VaVSf ,S/1b1W1y , *ZbS]`*,Sb1Wnab,1ZZ\y *-Sb*gSSI *VO 31 `1j1ZS1 ad/* \4Z*h*W\E hb\ b1]1`n -`*3/*Z1 *O Z*/m S \/`d31ab,* Y\-WS a,\+\/Z\ ,m`*3*bn a,\S 18 `*b W1Z *d +mW Yd31ab,1ZZmY */,\V*b\YE V\b\`my a 5=87 ]\ 6>>7 -\/ Y*ab1`aVS 4*kSk*W SZb1`1am ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m , a\bO Zqf ad/1+Zmf `*4+S`*b1Wnab, , *Z*/1 S /`d-Sf ab`*Z*fD

59E 5:D *M *V\1 `1j1ZS1 ,mZ1a ]\ /1Wd a1YnS dj1 1`f\,O Zmy ad/ *Z*/mH +M *V\1 4Z*h1ZS1 SY1W* ob* ]\+1/* /Wq Z*O jSf +`*bn1, S /`d-Sf Wp/1yH   ˚˙   #() ˙%

68;

+1a]\V\yab,* ]\ ]\,\/d /1yab,Sy ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*D \O W11 b\-\E ob* ]\+1/* ]\W\3SW* V\Z1g Z*]*/V*Y b*Z/1O Y* wg1`V\,nP]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ ,1+1V*x Z* ]`*,* ,SO /1b1W1y 1-\,m19D

\`-\,gm SWS `1,Z\abZm1 ,\4,1k*b1WS *`ab,* \-*H 5; *V S ]1`,m1 f`SabS*Z1E a\,`1Y1ZZm1 aWd3Sb1O WS 1-\,m P wZ1 b\`-\,gm \3nSY aW\,\YxD L`\hSO b*yb1 6 \`SZeqZ*Y 6B5;DM /Z*V\ Z1V\b\`m1 ]`*O ,Sb1Wnab,* ]mb*pbaq V\Zb`\WS`\,*bn Z*j1 aWd31ZS1 a ]\Y\knp 4*V\Z\,E `1-dWS`dpkSf b\`-\,WpD ˙*,*yO b1 `*aaY\b`SY /,* ad/1+Zmf `*4+S`*b1Wnab,*E \b,1O bS,jSf Z* ,\]`\aB Vb\ b*VS1 ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m P b\`-\,gm SWS `1WS-S\4Zm1 aWd3Sb1WSH 5< ˙*ZSqD 5 \Vbq+`q 5=76 -\/* ,abd]SW , aSWd 4*O V\ZE 4*]`1k*,jSy ]`\/*,*bn ]1h*bZdp ]`\/dVgSp +14 `*4`1j1ZSq Z* b\`-\,WpD \ Z*jS +`*bnq Z1 ab*WS ]`S\+`1b*bn b*VS1 `*4`1j1ZSqD * aW1/dpkSy 19 \W11 ]\/`\+Z\ \+ ob\Y /1W1 Y\3Z\ ]`\hSb*bn , ab*bn1 w1 ,*O j* ,\yZ*E * \3Sqx , w`\+d/Sb1anIx \b 66 *]`1Wq 6>>> -\/*E ab`*ZSO gm 5 b1h1ZS1 Z1/1WS ]1`1/ aWdj*ZS1Y /1W* , 1`O f\,Z\Y ad/1 ,S/1b1WS ,\ ,a1y ˙*ZSS ]`\]\,1/\,*WS 6>D *V\1 `1j1ZS1 ,mZ1a 1`f\,Zmy ad/ ˙*ZSS S V*V\y \bO VWSV ob\ ,m4,*W\ d +`*bn1,H   ˚˙   #() ˙%

68=

1k1 +\W11 *VbS,Z\D \ ,b\`ZSV 7 \Vbq+`q 5=77 -\/* 1`f\,Zmy ad/ \+lq,SW a,\1 `1j1ZS1D d/ a\-W*aSWO aq a `1j1ZS1Y ZS31ab\qk1-\ ad/* \ b\YE hb\ d-dab 1Y*ZZ Z1 Z*`djSW 4*V\ZD 'b\ \4Z*h*W\E hb\ ,S/1O b1WS Y\-WS S /*Wnj1 a,\+\/Z\ ]`\]\,1/\,*bnD `*O bnq S a1ab`m ,m`*4SWS 1-\,1 a,\p +W*-\/*`Z\abn 4* obd p`S/Sh1aVdp ]\+1/d +\W11 da1`/ZmY dh*abS1Y , aWd31ZSSD \aW1 b\-\ `1j1ZSq ,W*abS , ˙*ZSS +\WnO j1 Z1 ]`1]qbab,\,*WS ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aV\y /1qb1WnZ\O abS Z*jSf +`*bn1,D 65

\1/SZ1ZZm1 "b*bmD ,\aV`1a1Zn1 69 e1,`*O Wq 5=8> -\/* ]S\Z1` \+1`b 1`/\V S 1k1 a1Yn ,SO /1b1W1y +mWS *`1ab\,*Zm ,\ ,`1Yq ]`\]\,1/S , -\`\O /1 ˙31ZZ1bbE `*a]\W\31ZZ\Y Z1/*W1V\ \b Sba+d`-* Ljb*b 1ZaSWn,*ZSqMD f \ad/SWS 4* b\E hb\ \ZS ]`1/O W*-*WS WSb1`*bd`dE Z1 Vd]S, WSg1Z4Sp Z* ob\D `*bnq \+3*W\,*WS ob\b ]`S-\,\` , 1`f\,Z\Y ad/1 "E S ad/ ]`SZqW /1W\ V `*aaY\b`1ZSpD 66

7 Y*q 5=87 -\/* 1`f\,Zmy ad/ \+lq,SW a,\1 `1O j1ZS1E V\b\`\1 4*kSk*W\ ,S/1b1W1yD d/ ,mabd]SW ]`\bS, b`1+\,*ZSq ,W*ab1y ]`S\+`1b*bn WSg1Z4SpE 65E 66D *VSY +mW\ `1j1ZS1 1`f\,Z\-\ ad/* " ]\ /1Wd +`*b* 1`/\V*H 69>



  I

]\aV\WnVd \Z\ ]\/`*4dY1,*W\E hb\ wZd3Z\ \]W*hS,*bn ]`*,\E -*`*ZbS`\,*ZZ\1 e1/1`*WnZ\y \ZabSbdgS1yxD d/ ]`S4Z*W `1j1ZS1 -\`\/aVSf ,W*ab1y Z1/1yab,SO b1WnZmYE ]\ahSb*, 1-\ w\-`*ZShS,*pkSY a,\+\/d ]`1aam S a,\+\/d \b]`*,W1ZSq `1WS-S\4Zmf VdWnO b\,xD 4W*-*q YZ1ZS1 +\WnjSZab,* ad/1yE ad/nq SO WnqY ˙d-W*a \bY1bSWE hb\ /1qb1WnZ\abn ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m P wob\ Z1 b\WnV\ ]`\]\,1/n S Z1 b\WnV\ `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZS1 `1WS-S\4Z\y WSb1`*bd`mC ob\ a\h1O b*ZS1 b\-\ S /`d-\-\xD Z /\+*,SWB w'b* `1WS-S\4Z*q /1qb1WnZ\abn SY11b b*V\y 31 ,ma\VSy ab*bdaE V*V S g1`V\,Zm1 +\-\aWd31ZSq S ]`\]\,1/n a V*e1/`mxD 67

1j1ZS1 1`f\,Z\-\ ad/* ab*W\ V`d]Z\y p`S/SO h1aV\y ]\+1/\y Z*`\/* \-*D Z\ ]\/b,1`/SW\E hb\ Ym Z1 b\`-\,gmE * f`SabS*ZaVS1 aWd3Sb1WSD b\b ]*O YqbZmy /1Zn 5=87 -\/* ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m ,mS-`*WS , 1`f\,Z\Y ad/1 56 S4 57 /1W L,VWph*q /1W\ 1`O /\V*MD 'bS `1j1ZSq ]\aWd3SWS ]`1g1/1Zb\Y ]`S `*aO aY\b`1ZSS /1W , ]\aW1/dpkS1 -\/mE V\-/* ]`\bS,ZSO VS \]qbn \a]*`S,*WS Z*j1 ]`*,\ ]`\]\,1/\,*bn ,1abn \ *`ab,1E , b\Y hSaW1 ]\ /\Y*YD 67D \h1Yd p`S/Sh1aVS1 ]\+1/m 5=87 -\/* ,*3Zm /Wq Z*a a1O -\/ZqH   ˚˙   #() ˙%

695

wm /\W3Zm ]\/hSZqbnaq \-d V*V ]`*,Sb1WpE * Z1 Wp/qYx 68 *YE aWd3Sb1WqY 1-\,mE ]`SqbZ\E V\-/* ,W*abS ]`1/\ab*,Wqpb Z*Y 4*V\ZZ\1 ]`*,\ a,\+\/Z\ /1WSbnaq a Wp/nYS ,1abnp \ *`ab,1D \ 1aWS ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ 4*O ]`1k*1b Z*Y ]`\]\,1/\,*bnE Ym ]`\ab\ V\``1VbS`d1Y Y1b\/m aWd31ZSq S ]`\/\W3*1Y +W*-\,1ab,\,*bn WpO +mYS ,\4Y\3ZmYS a]\a\+*YSD *V S *]\ab\WmE wYm /\W3Zm ]\/hSZqbnaq \-d V*V ]`*,Sb1WpE * Z1 Wp/qYx L˙1qZD 9B6=C *beD 6MD b\ 31 ,`1Yq Ym \+O `*k*1Yaq , ad/mE ab`1Yqan /\+Sbnaq aZqbSq 4*]`1b*E Z*W\31ZZ\-\ Z* Z*jd /1qb1WnZ\abnD \b /,* ]`SY1`*D 69 SV*`*-d*D 5= Z\q+`q 5=96 -\/* ˙\Z\,*Z 1ZO ab1`Y*ZE YSaaS\Z1` S aWd3Sb1Wn eSWS*W*E ]`Sj1W , YYS-`*gS\ZZmy /1]*`b*Y1ZbE Z*f\/S,jSyaq , ab\O WSg1 ab`*ZmE -\`\/1 *Z*-d*D ˚Yd +mW\ ]`SV*4*Z\ q,Sbnaq V Z*h*WnZSVd ob\-\ /1]*`b*Y1Zb*E V*]Sb*Zd `Z\Wn/\ *`aS*D \b aV*4*W ˙\Z\,*ZdE hb\ ,S/1b1O WqY 1-\,m , SV*`*-d* w4*]`1k1Z\ ]`\]\,1/\,*bn a,\S dh1ZSq S 4*ZSY*bnaq `1WS-S\4Z\y /1qb1WnZ\O abnpxD * ,\]`\a w\h1YdHx V*]Sb*Z *`aS* \b,1bSWE 68D b\ Ym /1W*1YE V\-/* ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ 4*]`1k*1b Z*Y ]`\O ]\,1/\,*bnH 69E 6:D *VS1 a\+mbSq , SV*`*-d* ]`S,1WS V `*4+S`*b1WnO ab,d , 1`f\,Z\Y ad/1 S V*VSY +mW `14dWnb*bH 696



  I

hb\ d ,S/1b1W1y Z1b `*4`1j1ZSq \b ]`*,Sb1Wnab,* Z* aWd31ZS1 S hb\ Sf ahSb*pb V\YYdZSab*YSD b\ \+,SO ZqW Sf , ob\YH *b\WSh1aV\1 /df\,1Zab,\D 6:

`*b 1Zab1`Y*Z a`*4d 31 Z*]`*,SW 3*W\+m , SZSab1`ab,\ ]\ /1W*Y `1WS-SS S ]`14S/1Zbd Z*ab*O aS\ \Y\a1 *`aS*E Z\ +14`14dWnb*bZ\D \ob\Yd +`*O bnq ]`1/]`SZqWS S4Y1Z1ZSqD ZS 4*V`mWS ˛*W *`O ab,*E ab*WS a\+S`*bnaq Z1+\WnjSYS -`d]]*YS S ]`1O V`*bSWS aWd31ZS1 Z* dWSg*fEP Z\ \ZS ]\O]`13Z1Yd ]`\]\,1/\,*WS ,1abn \ *`ab,1D b\ 31 ,`1Yq \ZS \+O `*bSWSan a 3*W\+\y , 1`f\,Zmy ad/ SV*`*-d*E ]`\O aq ]`S4Z*bn 4*]`1b Z1/1yab,Sb1WnZmYD + ob\y aSbdO *gSS YZ\-\ -\,\`SW\an , -*41b*fE S 1`f\,Zmy ad/ ]`SZqW Z*j1 /1W\ V `*aaY\b`1ZSpD *VSY +mW `14dWnO b*bH 5= SpZq 5=97 -\/* 1`f\,Zmy ad/ a\\+kSW \ a,\O 1Y 1/SZ\-W*aZ\Y `1j1ZSS , ]\Wn4d ,S/1b1W1yD d/ ]\ahSb*WE hb\ 4*]`1b Z*`dj*W V\ZabSbdgS\ZZ\1 ]`*O ,\ Z* a,\+\/d a*Y\,m`*31ZSqE a\,1abS S ,1`\Sa]\,1O /*ZSqD Z b*V31 ]\ab*Z\,SWE hb\ Z1\+f\/SY\ ,\aab*O Z\,Sbn \bZ\j1ZSq Y13/d ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\Y SV*`*-d* S ,S/1b1WqYSD 6; ˝Sb1W1y SV*`*-d* ]\`*4SW\ b\E hb\ 1`f\,Zmy 6;D \h1Yd 3Sb1W1y SV*`*-d* ]\`*4SW\ `1j1ZS1 1`f\,Z\O -\ ad/* S V*V \bZ1aWSan V ob\y ]\+1/1 +`*bnqH   ˚˙   #() ˙%

697

ad/ ,ab*W Z* ab\`\Zd ,S/1b1W1yD *Znj1 ,WSqZS1 /dO f\,1Zab,* , ab`*Z1 +mW\ Z*ab\WnV\ aSWnZmYE hb\ ad/ S4+1-*W V\ZeWSVb\, a ZSYD \WnjSY ,WSqZS1Y \+W*O /*WS S ]`*,Sb1Wnab,1ZZm1 hSZ\,ZSVSE ]\ob\Yd ad/ `1/V\ ,mabd]*W ]`\bS, Sf `1j1ZSyD *jS +`*bnq +mO WS d,1`1ZmB \ZS ]\+1/SWS ]\b\YdE hb\ Sf 4*kSk*W Sf *`nE * b*V31 ]\b\YdE hb\ Z1 ]`1V`*k*WS ]`\]\,1/\O ,*bn L˙1qZD 5B> ,S/1b1W1yD *V V*V hSaW\ ,\4,1k*b1W1y *`O ab,* `\aW\E +mW\ Z*h*b\ ab`\Sb1Wnab,\ Z\,mf 4/*ZSy eSWS*W*D /1V*+`1 5=>> /1W1-*b\, a\ ,a1-\ YS`*D \ 4*b1Y ]\W\31ZS1 aWd3Sb1W1y 1-\,m , ob\y ab`*Z1 S4Y1ZSW\anD b\ 31 ]`\S4\jW\H 6=

b\ ,`1Yq , ˛*S`1 aWd3SW YSaaS\Z1`\Y +`*b S4 ,1+1V* L*Z*/*M *`a1Wn SWnb\E ]1`13S,jSy ]`1O aW1/\,*ZSq ,\ ,`1Y1Z* `13SY* ˙p]W1aaSD Z ,a]\O YSZ*WB w56 Y*`b* 5=>6 -\/*  B \1/SZ1ZZm1 "b*bm ˙  B ,\+\/* a*Y\,m`*31ZSq %B ]\a1WV1 b`*bb\Z Ljb*b -*y\M ,mf\/Sb dV*4E V\b\`my \+q4m,*1b ,a1fE Vb\ 4*ZSY*1baq V*V\yOWS+\ /1qO b1WnZ\abnpE a,q4*ZZ\y a f\3/1ZS1Y ]\ /\Y*YE ]\WdhSbn `*4`1j1ZS1D 1/1`*WnZmy S *]1WWqgS\ZZmy ad/m ahSb*O pbE hb\ ob\b dV*4 a\\b,1bab,d1b \ZabSbdgSSD ˚"˚˚  ˙B 1`f\,Zmy ad/ \+lq,Wq1b dV*4 Z1V\ZO abSbdgS\ZZmY S ]\/b,1`3/*1b ]`*,\ Z* a,\+\/d ,1`\O Sa]\,1/*ZSq S a*Y\,m`*31ZSqD d/ \bY1h*1bE hb\E ]\ aW\,*Y ,S/1b1W1yE w]`\]\,1/\,*bn Sf d]\WZ\Y\hSO ,*1b ,qk1ZZ\1 Sa*ZS1xD ˚˛ &B \bZS \`-*Z\, Y1abZ\-\ a*Y\d]`*,W1ZSq ,\4/1`3S,*pbaq \b ]`SY1Z1ZSq ]\/\+Zmf dV*4\, V aWd31O ZSp ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD 6:8

58

`1/*Zm b\WnV\ \3n1Yd ]`*,Sb1Wnab,d

˚  %

`1/*ZZ\abn *`ab,d ]\+d3/*1b \3Sy Z*`\/ +mbn Z1 \b YS`*

 ) ]1`1/ SW*b\YE a*YmY ,WSqb1WnZmY ad/n1yE adO /S,jSY b\-/* Sd/11,E Sada S4W\3SW ]`SZgS]E V\O b\`mY 1-\ SabSZZm1 ]\aW1/\,*b1WS `dV\,\/ab,dpbO aq /\ aSf ]\`D Z aV*4*WB w\1 g*`ab,\ Z1 \b ob\O -\ YS`*D ˚aWS +m Y\1 g*`ab,\ +mW\ \b ob\-\ YS`*E b\ Y\S aWd3Sb1WS +\`\WSan +mE hb\+m q Z1 +mW \bO /*Z Sd/1qYD \ Z1bE Y\1 g*`ab,\ Z1 \bap/*x L\*ZD 5E 56DM \yO 7E 8D *M *VS1 a\+mbSq ]`\S4\jWSE V\-/* `\/SW\an *`O ab,\H +M a1-/* WS \3Sy Z*`\/ ]`*,SWnZ\ ]\ZSY*WE hb\ 4Z*O hSb a\f`*Zqbn Z1yb`*WSb1bH +lqaZSb1D 6::



  I

Z* Z*h*W*an S Z* 41YW1D \ ,`1Yq ob\y ,\yZm Sa]mO bm,*W*an `1jSY\abn Z*`\/* \-* aW1/\,*bn ]`SY1`d Sada* S +mbn Z1 \b YS`*D /Z*V\ aZ*h*W* \3nS aWdO 3Sb1WS Z1 /\ V\Zg* ]\ZSY*WSE hb\ 4Z*hSb Z1 ,Y1jSO ,*bnaq , ]\WSbSVdD 8 *]`SY1`E :Oy b\Y b`d/* w*aa,1b YSWW1ZSdO Y*x15E S4/*ZZmy , 5=>8 -\/dE ]\+d3/*W f`SabS*Z Z1 dh*ab,\,*bn , ,\yZ1D *V31 , Z1Y -\,\`SW\anE hb\ 1aO WS f`SabS*ZSZ* ,a1 31 ]`S4m,*WS Z* ,\1ZZdp aWd3O +dE b\ 1Yd aW1/\,*W\ ]\ab*`*bnaq ]\]*abn , Z1ab`\1O ,m1 h*abSD ˚aWS +`*bd ob\ Z1 d/*,*W\an S 1-\ ]\amW*O WS , +\yE \Z Z1 /\W31Z +mW ZSV\-\ d+S,*bnD 1`+1`b SZn\`E V\b\`my 3SW , 1WSV\+`Sb*ZSS S V`1abSWaq , 5=>9 -\/dE ,a]\YSZ*W \ b\Y ,`1Y1ZSB w 1bV\-\ `dO V\,\/ab,* \ b\YE Y\3Z\ WS S/bS , *`YSp S Z1abS Z1O ab`\1,dp aWd3+dE Z1 +mW\E S +`*bnq +mWS , 4*Y1j*O b1Wnab,1xD 9 b\hZ1ZSq , Z*j1 ]\ZSY*ZS1 ob\-\ ,\]`\a* Z*O h*WS ,Z\aSbnaq , 5=59 -\/dD wb\`\31,\y +*jO Z1x \b 5 a1Zbq+`q b\-\ -\/* ]\ ]\,\/d `1V\Y1Z/*gSyE 15 'b\b b\Y S4,1ab1Z b*V31 ]\/ Z*4,*ZS1Y w\,\1 b,\`1ZS1xD \4/Z11 YZ\-\b\YZmy b`d/ w*aa,1b YSWW1ZSdY*x ab*W Z*4m,*bnaq waaW1/\,*ZSq Sa*ZSqxD

9D *V a 5=59 -\/* ab*W\ db\hZqbnaq Z*j1 ]\ZSY*ZS1H ˚˙%  &

˝&˚  ˚& 

6:;

V\b\`m1 /*,*WSan , waaW1/\,*ZSqf Sa*ZSqxE +mW\ aV*4*Z\B w \4ZSV*1b ,\]`\aB Z1 +d/db WS b*VS1 /1yO ab,Sq \bV*4\Y \b a,\Sf d+13/1ZSyHx \ hb\E 1aWS f`SabS*ZSZd d-`\3*WS `*aab`1W\Y 4* \bV*4 Z*/1bn ,\1ZZdp e\`Yd S Z1abS ,\1ZZdp aWd3+dH ab*bn1 ]`S,\/SWSan b*VS1 `*aad3/1ZSqB w b\ Wdhj1B dY1O `1bn 4* b\E hb\ Ym ]`1/*Zm Zq4p YS`* S aWdj*1YO aq 1-\ ]`SV*4*E SWS ]\-S+Zdbn ]\/ 4Z*Y1Z*YS 41YZmf g*`1yE ]\//1`3S,*q Sf SE ]\ V`*yZ1y Y1`1 ,Z1jZ1E ]\abd]*q ,\]`1VS dh1ZSqY Z*j1-\ Z1+1aZ\-\ *`qH 4 /,df ,*`S*Zb\, Ym ,m+S`*1Y ]1`,my P Wdhj1 dY1`1bn 4* b\E hb\ Ym ,1`Zm Z*j1Yd Z1+1aZ\Yd *O `pxD 1aY\b`q Z* b*VS1 V*b1-\`ShZm1 aW\,*E ab*bnq 4*V*ZhS,*W*an b*VB wm ZSV\-\ Z1 ]`SZd3/*1Y ,m+SO `*bn b*V\y ]dbnD m WSjn ]`1/W*-*1Y 1-\xD :

1V\b\`m1 +`*bnq qaZ\ ]\ZqWS `dV\,\/ab,\ S 4*O ZqWS b,1`/dp ]\4SgSpD 1`+1`b SZn\`E aW\,* V\b\O `\-\ ]`S,\/SWSan ,mj1E aV*4*WB w) Z1 ,S/1W `*4ZSO gm Y13/d b1YE hb\+m ,m-`d3*bn aZ*`q/m a V\`*+Wq Z1ab`\1,*q aWd3+*E S b1YE hb\+m 4*`q3*bn SYS \`dO /Sq ab`\1,*q aWd3+*x LdVS 5:B5>MD ˛* \bV*4 aWdO 3Sbn , *`YSS ]\ `1WS-S\4ZmY d+13/1ZSqY 1`+1`O :D 1Yd ,*a dhSb ]`SY1` +`*b* 1`+1`b* SZn\`*H 6:
W1b bp`1YZ\-\ 4*VWph1ZSqD ;  b\Yd ,`1Y1ZSE V*V `*4`*4SW*an b\`*q YS`\O ,*q ,\yZ*E aWd3Sb1WS 1-\,m d31 +\W11 qaZ\ ]\ZSY*O WSE hb\ \4Z*h*1b a\f`*Zqbn Z1yb`*WSb1bE S 4Z*WSE hb\ SY Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE 1aWS \ZS f\bqb aW1/\,*bn ]`SY1`d Sada* L*beD 6:B95P97C \*ZD 5;B58P5:C 5 1bD 6B65MD *]`SY1`E , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x \b 5 Z\q+O `q 5=7= -\/* +mW* Z*]1h*b*Z* Sab\`Sh1aV*q ab*O bnq w1yb`*WSb1bxE , V\b\`\y -\,\`SW\anB w`SZgS]E V\b\`mY a1yh*a /\W31Z `dV\,\/ab,\,*bnaq Z*`\/E a\O ab\qkSy , a\-W*j1ZSS a 1-\,\yEP ob\ ]`SZgS] ab`\-\-\ Z1yb`*WSb1b* ]\ \bZ\j1ZSp V ,\ppkSY Z*`\/*YxD \ ]\,\/d ob\y ab*bnS *yY\Z `1yV1`E ;D b\ aWd3Sb1WS \-* ]\ZqWS V Z*h*Wd b\`\y YS`\,\y ,\yZmH ˚˙%  &

˝&˚  ˚& 

6:=

V\b\`my ]\4/Z11 aWd3SW , -W*,Z\Y d]`*,W1ZSS ,

`dVWSZ1 LnpO•\`VME aV*4*WB w) ]\ZqWE hb\ \3nS aWd3Sb1WS /\W3Zm +mbn , YS`1 a\ ,a1YSE /*31 ,\ ,`1Yq ,\yZmxD 'b* /df\,Z*q ]Sk* ]`SjW* V*V `*4 ,\,`1Yq S ]\Y\-W* hW1Z*Y \3n1-\ Z*`\/* ]\/-\O b\,Sbnaq V Z1+m,*W\Yd Sa]mb*ZSp Sf ]`1/*ZZ\abS *`ab,dD

w 1V*x ]`1aW1/\,*ZSy < ]\ab\W \*ZZ ]`1/aV*4*WE hb\E ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V , 5=58 -\/d `\/Sbaq *`ab,\E /`*V\ZE *b*Z* ˙nq,\WE ]\]mb*1baq dZShb\3Sbn ab\`\ZZSV\, *`ab,* \-*E S4,1`-Zd, S4 a,\1y ]*abS aSY,\WSh1aVdp `1VdD L`\O hSb*yb1 bV`\,1ZS1 56B=E 59DM *V Sa]\WZSW\an ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ \*ZZ*H 5=6>Of -\/*f Z* Z*`\/ \O -* \+`djSWaq ]\b\V ]`1aW1/\,*ZSyE Z1 \aW*+1,*,jSy /\W-S1 -\/mD \ ,`1Yq b\`\y YS`\,\y ,\yZm YZ\-S1 +`*bnq , 1,1`Z\y Y1`SV1 4* a,\p ]`1/*ZZ\abn *`O ab,d \-* +mWS +`\j1Zm , bp`nYdD Sf hSaW1 +mW S +`*b `1yV1`D b\ ,`1Yq ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m a\ab*,WqO WS +\W11 /,df b`1b1y ,a1f 4*VWph1ZZmfE V\b\`m1 \bO +m,*WS a`\V , e1/1`*WnZmf bp`nY*f " 4* \bV*4 \b dh*abSq , ,\yZ1 ]\ `1WS-S\4ZmY d+13/1ZSqYD



  I

w ˚ E   ))  x ˚) b\`\y YS`\,\y ,\yZm ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m , Z*gSabaV\y 1`Y*ZSS +mW\ Y*W\D /Z*V\E V*V Z*O ]Sa*W Sab\`SV ˙1bW1e *`+1E w+\WnjSZab,\ d4ZSV\, a\,1abSE \ad3/1ZZmf ,\1ZZmYS ad/*YSDDD , `1bn1Y `1yf1E +mWS ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mxD /ZSY S4 ZSf +mW 5=OW1bZSy *,ab`S1g 1`f*`/ "b*yZ*V1`D ]dabq ,a1O -\ Z1aV\WnV\ /Z1y ]\aW1 Z*h*W* b\`\y YS`\,\y ,\yO Zm Z*gSabm *`1ab\,*WS 1-\ 4* \bV*4 aWd3Sbn , Z1Y1gO V\y *`YSSD Z\q+`1 5=7= -\/* 1`f*`/* ]`S-\,\`SWS V aY1`bSD b\Y Y1aqg1 \ZE Z*f\/qan , bp`nY1E Z*]Sa*WB w a1E h1-\ q f\hdEP ob\ ]`\aW*,Wqbn \-*E a\+Wp/*bn 1-\ 4*O ]\,1/S S ]`\aSbn 1-\ \ b\YE hb\+m \Z ]`SZqW Z*a , a,\1 *`ab,\E -/1 Z*a 3/1b ,1hZ*q 3S4Zn S YS`xD 6= Y*`b* 5=8> -\/* , ]`\k*WnZ\Y ]SanY1 `\/Sb1O WqY 1`f*`/ Z*]Sa*WB w) 1k1 `1+1Z\VD ) aY\-d ,mab\O qbnE b\WnV\ 1aWS \a]\/n /*ab YZ1 aSWE S \+ ob\Y q 1-\ ]`\jdxD * aW1/dpkSy /1ZnE \V\W\ j1abS h*a\, db`*E 1`f*`/* V*4ZSWSE aV\`11 ,a1-\ 1-\ \+14-W*,SWSD */O ]San Z* 1-\ Y\-SW1 -W*aSbB w Z dY1`E ]`\aW*,Wqq \-*xD =

˙nq,\W S 1-\ ]`Sa]1jZSVS Z*Y1`1,*WSan aW\O YSbn Z1]\`\hZ\abn ]\//*ZZmf *`ab,* ,\ ,a1Y YSO `1D *jS +`*bnq ]`1/ab*,*WS ]1`1/ ad/*YS , eO `SV1E ˚,`\]1 S \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b*fD ˛* Sf b,1`/dp ˚˙%  &

˝&˚  ˚& 

6;5

`1jSY\abn a\f`*Zqbn Z1yb`*WSb1b Sf +`\a*WS , bp`nO YmE S4+S,*WS S V*W1hSWSD 1`Y*ZSS \3nS aWdO 3Sb1WS ]\/,1`-*WSan 31ab\h*yjSY ]`1aW1/\,*ZSqY 4* b\E hb\ \bV*4m,*WSan ]`\S4Z\aSbn w*yWn SbW1`Ix S Z1 jWS , *`YSpD \ ,`1Y1Z* Z*gS4Y* , W*-1`q +mO W\ \b]`*,W1Z\ ]`S+WS4Sb1WnZ\ : >>> ,S/1b1W1y S +\O W11 5 :>> +`*bn1, S a1ab1` S4 1`Y*ZSS S /`d-Sf ab`*Z dY1`W\ \b `dV ]`1aW1/\,*b1W1yD \ ˙nq,\W Z1 aY\]`ShSZSbn Z*`\/d \-* Z1]\]`*,SY\-\ ,`1/* L*`D ]`\`\h1ab,1E V\b\`\1 4*]Sa*W *]\ab\W \*ZZE -\,\`SW\anE hb\ w41YWqx P \b/1WnZm1 oW1Y1Zbm ob\y aSab1YmE , V\b\`mf 1abn +W*-\`*4dYZm1 Wp/SEP ]\O -W\bSb w`1Vdx ]`1aW1/\,*ZSy S b*VSY \+`*4\Y ]\Y\O 31b Z*`\/d \-*D b\ Y\3Z\ aV*4*bn \+ Sa]\WZ1ZSS ob\-\ ]`\`\h1ab,*H * ]`\bq31ZSS /1aqbSW1bSy ]\aW1 b\`\y YS`\,\y ,\yZm b1E V\-\ ]`1/ab*,Wq1b w41YWqxE h*ab\ ,abd]*WSan 4* ]`1/*ZZmf ab\`\ZZSV\, 1aaS*ZO aV\-\ *`ab,*D L`\hSb*yb1 bV`\,1ZS1 56B5:DM *O ]`SY1`E `*4WShZm1 ad/m 4*kSk*WS ]`*,\ ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m Z* \bV*4 \b Z1a1ZSq ,\1ZZ\y aWd3+m S \b dh*O 5>D b\ aSY,\WS4S`d1b w41YWqx S V*V \Z* ,abd]*W*an 4* Z*O `\/ \-*H 6;6



  I

abSq , ]*b`S\bSh1aVSf g1`1Y\ZSqfD ˙*,*yb1 aZ*h*W* `*aaY\b`SY Z1aV\WnV\ ,*3Zmf ]\+1/E V\b\`m1 1-\,* /*W a,\1Yd Z*`\/d , ]`\g1aa*fE a,q4*ZZmf a \bV*4\Y \b ,\1ZZ\y aWd3+m LaD :MD 55 \1/SZ1ZZm1 "b*bmD 'Zb\ZS SVd`1WW* ,m`\a , a1Yn1 ,S/1b1W1yE , V\b\`\y +mW\ j1abn /1b1yD 59 W1b \Z V`1abSWaqE * , 65 -\/ ,ab*W Z* ,\SZO aVSy dh1b V*V `1WS-S\4Zmy aWd3Sb1WnD 1`14 /,* -\O /*E , 5=9> -\/dE \Z ]\]`\aSW S4Y1ZSbn 1-\ ab*bda S ]`ShSaWSbn 1-\ V b1YE Vb\ \bV*4m,*1baq \b ,\1ZZ\y aWd3+m ]\ Y\`*WnZmY S SZmY a\\+`*31ZSqYD \bq , \bh1b1 1/1`*WnZ\-\ +p`\ `*aaW1/\,*ZSy Z1 +mW\ ZSV*VSf ,\4`*31ZSyE YSZSab1`ab,\ pabSgSS \bVW\O ZSW\ 1-\ ]`\an+dD \aW1 `*4+S`*b1Wnab, , Z1aV\WnO VSf ad/*f /1W\ +`*b* SVd`1WWm +mW\ `*aaY\b`1Z\ , 1`f\,Z\Y ad/1 "D 'b\b ad/ \bY1ZSW `1j1ZS1 ad/* ZS4j1y SZab*ZgSSE ,mZ1aq `1j1ZS1 , ]\Wn4d +`*b* SVd`1WWmD 'b\ `1j1ZS1 ab*W\ ]`1g1/1Zb\YE S Z* Z1-\ Y\-WS aamW*bnaq ]`S `*aaY\b`1ZSS /1W /`dO -Sf -`*3/*Z \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b\,E V\b\`m1 \bV*4mO ,*WSan \b Z1a1ZSq ,\1ZZ\y aWd3+m ]\ Y\`*WnZmY S SZmY a\\+`*31ZSqYD 55E 56D  h1Y ab\WVZdWSan +`*bnq SVd`1WW* S WSYY1Z\a S V*VSY +mW Saf\/H ˚˙%  &

˝&˚  ˚& 

6;7

56

`1gSqD 5=>> -\/d \Wnj*q ]*W*b* ˚ E , V\b\`dp ,f\/Sb 5; ad/1yE ,mZ1aW* `1j1ZS1 , 1-\ ]\Wn4dE a\4/*, ]`1O g1/1Zb /Wq /1WE a,q4*ZZmf a /SaV`SYSZ*gS1yD ˙\ b\O -\ ,`1Y1ZS \V\W\ 7 9>> +`*bn1, , `1gSSE \baS/1,jSf , bp`nY1 4* ]\4SgSp Z1yb`*WSb1b*E SY1WS ad/SY\abnD \aW1 `1j1ZSq ˚ , `1gSS +mW ]`SZqb 4*V\ZE ]\ V\b\`\Yd a b1f +`*bn1, +mWS aZqbm ,a1 ad/SY\abSD  b\Yd 31 ]`S ]1`1aY\b`1 \ZabSbdgSS `1gSS +mW db,1`3/1Z S4/*ZZmy Z1aV\WnVSYS -\/*YS `*Z11 4*O V\ZE V\b\`my /*1b ,a1Y -`*3/*Z*Y ab`*Zm ]`*,\ Z* ]`\f\3/1ZS1 *Wnb1`Z*bS,Z\y -`*3/*ZaV\y aWd3+mD 57 \W-*`SqD 5==8 -\/d 5=OW1bZ1-\ ,*yW\ b1e*O Z\,* ]`S4,*WS , *`YSpD Z \bV*4*Waq S/bS , *`YSp SWS Z1abS Z1ab`\1,dp aWd3+d ]\/ V\Y*Z/\,*ZS1Y ,\O 57E 58D 1Yd Ym dhSYaq S4 aWdh*1, ,*yW\ b1e*Z\,* S **O Z* *qbqZ*H 6;8



  I

1ZZmfD ˚-\ ]`S-\,\`SWS V ]\O w1`1/ b1Y V*V Wdb\`* -\/*Y bp`1YZ\-\ 4*O ,\ybS , 4*W ad/*E VWph1ZSqD Z \+3*W\,*W ob\ q -\`qh\ ]\Y\WSWO `1j1ZS1E a\aW*,jSan Z* ]`*,\ aq 1-\,1 S ]\hd,O Z* \a,\+\3/1ZS1 \b aWd3+m ]\ ab,\,*WE hb\ \Z Y\`*WnZmY S SZmY a\\+`*31O Z*/1WSW Y1Zq a]\O V\yab,S1Yx ZSqYD ˚-\ /1W\ /\jW\ /\ ˚ D ,*yW\ b1e*Z\, \ , 6>>5 -\/dE 1k1 /\ aWdj*O LY\b`Sb1 *+4*g 57DM ZSq /1W* , ob\Y ad/1E a +`*b\Y b1e*Z\,mY +mW\ 4*VWph1Z\ YS`\,\1 a\-W*j1ZS1D `*,Sb1Wnab,\ \W-*`SS *YZSabS`\,*W\ Z1 b\WnV\ +`*b* b1e*Z\,*E Z\ S ,a1f -`*3/*ZE V\b\`m1 f\b1WS ]`\ybS *Wnb1`Z*bS,Zdp -`*3/*ZaVdp aWd3+d16D 58 `Y1ZSqD **Z *qbqZ /\abS- ]`S4m,Z\-\ ,\4`*O ab* , 6>>5 -\/d27D Z \bV*4*Waq \b ,\1ZZ\y aWd3O +m ]\ a,\SY d+13/1ZSqYE Z\ ]`\S-`*W /1W\ , ad/*f ,a1f SZab*ZgSy ,Zdb`S ab`*ZmD a1Zbq+`1 6>>6 -\/* 1-\ *`1ab\,*WSD ˚Yd ]`1/ab\qW\ \baS/1bn /,* a ]\W\O ,SZ\y -\/*E Z\ h1`14 /1aqbn a ]\W\,SZ\y Y1aqg1, 1-\ \a,\+\/SWSD ˛* ob\ ,`1Yq \Z ]\/*W 3*W\+d , ˚ E 16 'b\ YS`\,\1 a\-W*j1ZS1 \+q4m,*W\ +\W-*`aV\1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ ]`1/\ab*,Wqbn ,a1YE Vb\ \bV*4m,*Waq \b ,\1ZZ\y aWd3+m ]\ Y\`*WnO ZmY S SZmY a\\+`*31ZSqYE ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]`\ybS *Wnb1`Z*bS,Zdp -`*3/*ZaVdp aWd3+d Z1 ]\/ V\Y*Z/\,*ZS1Y ,\1ZZmfD 27 \W11 ]\/`\+Z\ \ /1W1 +`*b* *qbqZ* `*aaV*4m,*1baq , +`\jpO `1 w*V\y ,\]`\a ,m +m 4*/*WS \-dHxE ab`*ZSgm 6=P75D ˚˙%  &

˝&˚  ˚& 

6;9

V\b\`my ]`SZqW 1-\ /1W\ V `*aaY\b`1ZSpD /Z*V\ 6; \Vbq+`q 6>>= -\/* ob\b ad/ ,mZ1a `1j1ZS1 Z1 , 1-\ ]\Wn4dD *4*W\anE hb\ `1j1ZS1 ad/* ab*W\ V`*f\Y ,a1f Z*/13/ +`*bn1, , `Y1ZSSE V\b\`m1 ab*WVS,*WSan a ]\/\+ZmYS b`d/Z\abqYSD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 \Wnj*q ]*W*O b* ˚ ]1`1aY\b`1W* ]\ab*Z\,W1ZS1D ; SpWq 6>55 -\O /* +mW\ ,mZ1a1Z\ `1j1ZS1 , ]\Wn4d **Z* *qbqZ*D ]1`,m1 ˚ ]`S4Z*WE hb\ \bV*4 \b ,\1ZZ\y aWd3O +m ]\ `1WS-S\4ZmY d+13/1ZSqY /\W31Z 4*kSk*bnaq ]`*,\Y Z* a,\+\/d YmaWSE a\,1abS S ,1`\Sa]\,1/*ZSqD 'b\ `1j1ZS1 4*kSk*1b ]`*,* Z1 b\WnV\ ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mE Z\ S a\b1Z YSWWS\Z\, Wp/1yE 3S,dkSf , ab`*O Z*fE V\b\`m1 q,Wqpbaq hW1Z*YS \,1b* ˚,`\]m18D

\]`\a \+ dh*abSS , ]*b`S\bSh1aVSf g1`1Y\ZSqf 59 Wd3Sb1WS 1-\,m /\V*4m,*pb ]`1/*ZZ\abn 1aaS*ZaV\Yd *`ab,d b1YE hb\ \bV*4m,*pbaq Z1 b\WnO V\ \b ,\1ZZ\y aWd3+mE Z\ S \b dh*abSq , ]*b`S\bSh1O aVSf g1`1Y\ZSqfD \aW1 Z*h*W* b\`\y YS`\,\y ,\yO Zm YS` 4*fW1abZdW* ,\WZ* ]*b`S\bS4Y*D \ YZ\-Sf 18 ˛* 6> W1b , `Y1ZSS +mWS ]`S-\,\`1Zm V bp`1YZ\Yd 4*VWpO h1ZSp +\W11 89> Y\W\/mf ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD Z\q+`1 6>57 -\/* \a,\+\/SWS ]\aW1/ZSf S4 ZSfD

59D \h1Yd aWd3Sb1WS 1-\,m \bV*4m,*pbaq dh*ab,\,*bn , ]*b`S\bSh1aVSf g1`1Y\ZSqfH 6;:



  I

ab`*Z*f \b -`*3/*Z ab*WS b`1+\,*bnE hb\+m \ZS /\O V*4m,*WS a,\p ]`1/*ZZ\abn `\/SZ1E Z*]`SY1` ]`\O S4Z\aSWS ]`Saq-dE ]1WS -SYZ S \b/*,*WS h1abn eW*-dD

/Z*V\ Ym ]`\q,Wq1Y SaVWphSb1WnZdp ]`1/*ZZ\abn 1-\,1 LafD 6>B8E 9MD \ob\Yd Z* Z*a \+`djSWaq Y\kZmy ]\b\V ]`1aW1/\,*ZSyD 1-\,* aZ\,* Sa]\WnO 4\,*W w41YWpxE V\b\`*q ]\-W\bSW* h*abn ob\-\ ]\b\O V*E S h1`14 `Sab* /*`\,*W Z*Y d/S,Sb1WnZm1 ]\+1/m LaD 7BOW1bZqq a1ab`* 'YSWS S +\W11 1: Y*b1`S*W*f /1W* e*YSWSq \jS+\hZ\ Z*]Sa*Z* V*V '+`*WSZ*-D

6>E 65D *V aWdh*y a \oW1Y S 'YSWS 'Y+`*WSZ*- dV`1]Wq1b ,*jd ,1`dH ˚˙%  &

˝&˚  ˚& 

6;=

:9 /`d-Sf /1b1y ,S/1b1W1y +mWS SaVWph1Zm S4 jV\O Wm 4* \bV*4 \b/*,*bn h1abn eW*-dD 1\Z*`/\E \b1g \O oWq S 'YSWSE ]mb*Waq ]1`1d+1/Sbn */YSZSab`*gSp jV\WmE Z\ bk1bZ\D ˙1W\ /\jW\ /\ 1`f\,Z\-\ ad/*D

/Z*V\ d 1\Z*`/\ Z1 +mW\ ZS /1Z1-E ZS */,\V*b*E V\O b\`my ]`1/ab*,WqW +m 1-\ SZb1`1am , ad/1D Y1ab1 a a1Yn1y \Z -\`qh\ Y\WSWaq 1-\,1 \ `dV\,\/ab,1D a1 ob\ ,`1Yq /1b1y /\ZSY*WS Z*aY1jV*YSD 1\Z*`/\ /dO Y*WE hb\ d Z1-\ Z1b ZSV*VSf j*Za\, ,mS-`*bn /1W\E ,1/n \Z Z1 SY1W p`S/Sh1aV\-\ \+`*4\,*ZSqD 65 *V aWdhSW\anE hb\ obSY /1W\Y 4*ZqWaq 1WSZ\ *Z*WnE */,\V*bE V\b\`my `*Znj1 `*+\b*W , \/Z\y S4 a*Ymf a\WS/Zmf p`S/Sh1aVSf eS`Y , ab`*Z1D  b\Yd ,`1Y1ZS \Z \ab*,SW a,\p `*+\bd S ab*W ,S/1b1W1Y 1-\,mD 1`f\,Zmy ad/ 1/SZ\-W*aZ\ ,mZ1a `1j1ZS1 , ]\Wn4d ,S/1b1W1y S \bY1ZSW ]`SV*4m \+ SaVWph1O ZSSD  aZ\,* b1E Vb\ ]mb*WSan aW\YSbn Z1]\`\hZ\abn

\3nSf aWd3Sb1W1yE ]\b1`]1WS Z1d/*hdD

1yb`*WSb1b a\/1yab,d1b 1/SZab,d 66 \h1Yd Z*`\/d 1-\,m d/*W\an \/1`3*bn ab\WnO V\ p`S/Sh1aVSf ]\+1/H m Z1 \+W*/*1Y ]\WSbSh1O 66E 67D *M \h1Yd Z*Y d/*W\an \/1`3*bn ab\WnV\ p`S/Sh1O aVSf ]\+1/H +M ˙\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y h1-\ aWd3Sb adk1ab,\,*ZS1 Z*j1-\ ,a1YS`Z\-\ +`*bab,*H 6



  I

aVSY ,WSqZS1YD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 , \/Z\y ab`*Z1 4* /`dO -\yE , \/Z\Y ad/1 4* /`d-SY a]`*,1/WS,m1 ad/nS 4*O kSk*pb Z*a \b q`\abZmf Z*]*/\V ]`\bS,ZSV\, SE V*V aW1/ab,S1E a\4/*pb ]`1g1/1Zbm /Wq `*4,SbSq V\ZabSO bdgS\ZZ\-\ ]`*,*D Z1 ,aqVSf a\YZ1ZSyE 4* Z*jSYS ]\+1/*YS ab\Sb `Sab\aI L`\hSb*yb1 bV`\,1ZS1 :B6DM ˙Wq h1-\ Ym ,1/1Y p`S/Sh1aVS1 +Sb,mH 1 /Wq b\-\E hb\+m S4Y1ZSbn 4*V\Z\/*b1Wnab,\E * /Wq b\-\E hb\+m \bab\qbn ]`*,\ +1a]`1]qbab,1ZZ\ aWd3Sbn Z*O j1Yd *`pE Sadad `Sabd L˙1qZD 8B6=MD 67 `*,qkSy *`nE Sada `Sab\aE +W*-\aW\,Wq1b ab*`*ZSq a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y a\f`*Zqbn Z1yb`*WSO b1b , /1W*f YS`*E `*4/S`*1Y\-\ ]\WSbSh1aVSYS a]\O `*YS S ]`\]Sb*ZZ\-\ 3-dh1y Z1Z*,SabnpD a1 ab*`*O ZSq *b*Zm ,Z1abS , Z*jS `q/m `*aV\W S \/1`3*bn Z*/ Z*YS ,1`f \V*4*WSan Z*]`*aZmYSD *`ab,\ aY\-W\ a\+`*bn YSWWS\Zm Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 Z1 31W*pb wdhSbnO aq ,\1,*bnxD *Y\ adk1ab,\,*ZS1 Z*j1-\ ,a1YS`Z\-\ +`*bab,*E , V\b\`\Y g*`Sb YS`EP ob\ Z*ab\qk11 hd/\D  \Z\ Z1\]`\,1`3SY\ /\V*4m,*1bE hb\ *`ab,\ \-* ]`*,SbI LaD 6B8MD

˚˙%  &

˝&˚  ˚& 

6>5 -\/d ,S/1b1O WS 1-\,m \+`*bSWSan , ˚,`\]1yaVSy ad/ ]\ ]`*,*Y h1W\,1V* L˚ M S , 6>>8 -\/d ]`1/\ab*,SWS 1Yd /\O ]\WZSb1WnZdp SZe\`Y*gSpD 6>5> -\/d ˚ ,mO Z1a `1j1ZS1 ]\ Sf /1WdD d/ ]`Sj1W V ,m,\/dE hb\ 4*]`1b Z*j1y /1qb1WnZ\abS +mW ]`\/SVb\,*Z `1WS-SO \4Z\y Z1b1`]SY\abnpE S ]\ab*Z\,SWE hb\ Z1b \aZ\,*O ZSy \ab*,Wqbn , aSW1 `1j1ZSq ZS31ab\qkSf ad/\,E ]\O aV\WnVd Z1b /\V*4*b1Wnab, ,SZm V\-\OWS+\ S4 ,S/1O b1W1yD d/ b*V31 \bY1bSWE hb\ g1Wnp 4*]`1b* +mW\

&  ˛ 

˙   ˚)

6 *V\Z1g , 5==: -\/d ˚ ,mZ1a `1j1ZS1E V\b\O =P55D *V Z*`\/ 1-\,m , `1gSS +\`\Waq 4* ]`*,\ a\+SO `*bnaq /Wq ]\VW\Z1ZSq \-d S V*V\,m +mWS `14dWnb*bmH 6
Of -\/\, Z*W\-\,m1 aWd3+m ,\ `*ZgSS Z*h*WS ]`\,1`Vd eSO Z*Za\,\y /1qb1WnZ\abS +l1/SZ1ZSq ,S/1b1W1y 1O -\,m L ME \/Z\-\ S4 p`S/Sh1aVSf WSgE Sa]\Wn4dO 1Ymf ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m , ob\y ab`*Z1D abSZO Zdp g1Wn ]`\,1`VS ,m/*WS aW\,* YSZSab`* +p/31b*B w`\,1`V* Y\31b ]`S,1abS V p`S/Sh1aV\y WSV,S/*O gSS SWS ,\4+d3/1ZSp d-\W\,Zmf /1WDDD hb\E aV\`11 ,a1-\E ]`S,1/1b V /1ab*+SWS4*gSS SWS ]`1V`*k1ZSp /1qb1WnZ\abS \+l1/SZ1ZSq Z* Z*j1y b1``Sb\`SSxD \O bq , f\/1 ]`\,1`VS Z1 +mW\ ,mq,W1Z\ ZSV*VSf Z*O `dj1ZSyE Z*W\-\,*q aWd3+* \+W\3SW*  Z1]\Y1`O ZmY Z*W\-\YD b\+m 4*]W*bSbn b*V\y Z*W\-E +`*bnqY Z1 \ab*,*W\an +m ZSh1-\ /`d-\-\E V*V 4*V`mbn eSWS*W S ]`\/*bn Z*jS 4/*ZSqD 'b\ +mW\ bq31WmY d/*`\YE Z\ Z*`\/ \-* Z1 a/*WaqD ,S/1b1WS `1jSb1WnZ\ ,\a]`\O 56E 57D *V ,\ `*ZgSS ]`\bS,ZSVS ]mb*WSan wa/1W*bn 4W\ a ]\Y\knp 4*V\Z*x S hb\ S4 ob\-\ ,mjW\H 6=>



  I

bS,SWSan b*VSY Z1a]`*,1/WS,mY /1yab,SqY S , V\ZO g1 V\Zg\, , 6>>9 -\/d ]\/*WS 3*W\+d , ˚ D 57 d/ \-W*aSW a,\1 `1j1ZS1 ]\ ob\Yd /1Wd 7> SpO Zq 6>55 -\/*D `1j1ZSS -\,\`SW\anE hb\ a,\+\/* ,1O `\Sa]\,1/*ZSq ]\/`*4dY1,*1bE hb\E 4* SaVWph1ZS1Y V`*yZSf aWdh*1,E -\ad/*`ab,\ Z1 /\W3Z\ \g1ZS,*bn 4*O V\ZZ\abn `1WS-S\4Zmf ,1`\,*ZSy SWS a]\a\+\, Sf `1O *WS4*gSSD d/ b*V31 \bY1bSWB w*W\- WSjSW +m +l1O /SZ1ZS1 Z1\+f\/SYmf `1ad`a\,E S4O4* h1-\ 1-\ ]`S,1`O 31Zgm ]\b1`qWS +m ,\4Y\3Z\abn a,\+\/Z\ \b]`*,Wqbn a,\y VdWnbxD d/ 1/SZ\-W*aZ\ ,mZ1a `1j1ZS1 , ]\WnO 4d ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD  `*/\abS Z*`\/* 1-\,m ,\ Sa]\WZ1ZS1 b`1+\,*ZSy ad/* e`*Zgd4aV\1 ]`*,Sb1WnO ab,\ a ]`\g1Zb*YS ,1`ZdW\ Z*W\-E d/1`3*ZZmy a E S \bV*4*W\an \b ]`Sbq4*ZSy Z* SYdk1ab,\ eSWS*W*D 58 *V 'aeS`n S *`/\f1y , /`1,Z\abSE Z*`\/ 1O -\,m a1-\/Zq +\`1baq 4* ]`*,\ a,\+\/Z\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1-\,1 b*VE V*V \Z ]\,1W1W L'aeD 8B57P5:MD \31b1 WS ,m dh*ab,\,*bn , ob\y +\`n+1H ˙*D m Y\31b1 `1-dWq`O Z\ Y\WSbnaq 4* a,\Sf /df\,Zmf +`*bn1, S a1ab1`E V\b\O `m1 ab`*/*pb S4O4* Z1a]`*,1/WS,mf p`S/Sh1aVSf `1O j1ZSyD *VS1 Y\WSb,m P \-`\YZ*q ]\Y\kn /Wq Z*jSf 58D *V ,m Y\31b1 dh*ab,\,*bn , +\`n+1 4* a,\+\/d ]\VW\Z1O ZSqH

&  ˛ 

˙   ˚)

6=5

a\,1`dpkSfE ]\/,1`-*pkSfaq ]`1aW1/\,*ZSqYD L`\O hSb*yb1 *V\,* 9B5:DM b,1h*1b WS 1-\,* Z* b*VS1 Y\WSb,mH d/q ]\ Z*jSY ]\+1/*Y , ad/*fE /*I L˚,`D 57B5> -\/* ad/ dV*4*WE hb\ , b*VSf aWdh*qf w]`*,\ ]`SZSY*bn `1j1ZSqx w/\WO 3Z\ d,*3*bnaq V*V WShZ\1 ]`*,\ h1W\,1V*xD W*-\/*`q

&  ˛ 

˙   ˚)

6=7

`1jSY\abS a1ab`m *V1/* +\`\bnaq 4* ]`*,\ ,m+SO `*bn W1h1ZS1E a\-W*adpk11aq a 11 \+dh1ZZ\y ]\ S+O WSS a\,1abnpE ,S/1b1WS , )]\ZSS Y\-db W1hSbnaqE Z1 +\qan b\-\E hb\ SY Z*aSWnZ\ ]1`1Wnpb V`\,nD 5< `-1ZbSZ*D b\ ]`1/]`SZSY*pb -`*3/*Z1 *`O ab,* Z* b\b aWdh*yE 1aWS ]`SZqbn `1j1ZS1 ]\ ,\]`\O a*Y W1h1ZSq ]\b`1+d1baq , b\ ,`1YqE V\-/* \ZS +d/db Z*f\/Sbnaq , +1aa\4Z*b1WnZ\Y a\ab\qZSSH m Z\aSY a a\+\y p`S/Sh1aVSy /\VdY1ZbE V\b\`my ]`S Z1\+f\O /SY\abS +d/1b -\,\`Sbn 4* Z*aD *V\y /\VdY1Zb +mW S d *+W\ Wn+*`*aSZSD Y*1 6>56 -\/* *+W\ ab*W \h1O ,S/g1Y ]\]mbVS \-`*+W1ZSq S ]\WdhSW Z1aV\WnV\ \-O Z1ab`1WnZmf `*Z1ZSyD ˚-\ /\ab*,SWS , +\WnZSgd +14 a\4Z*ZSqE ]\ob\Yd \Z Z1 Y\- ,m`*4Sbn a,\1 \bZ\j1O ZS1 V ]1`1WS,*ZSp V`\,SD \ ]`S Z1Y +mW /\W3ZmY \+`*4\Y 4*]\WZ1ZZmy Y1/SgSZaVSy /\VdY1ZbE ]\/]SO a*ZZmy +\W11 h1bm`1f W1b Z*4*/D \bq *+W\ Z*f\/SWO aq , bq31W\Y a\ab\qZSS S Z1V\b\`m1 ,`*hS ahSb*WSE hb\ /Wq a]*a1ZSq 1-\ 3S4ZS Z1\+f\/SY\ ]1`1WSbn 1Yd V`\,nE , g1W\Y Y1/]1`a\Z*W +mW -\b\, a d,*31ZS1Y 5D *M *V 1`f\,Zmy ad/ `-1ZbSZm ]\/b,1`/SW ]`*,\ h1W\,1V* Sa]\Wn4\,*bn Y1/SgSZaVSy /\VdY1Zb /Wq \bV*4* \b ]1`1WS,*ZSq V`\,SH +M *V Ym Y\31Y ]\V*4*bnE hb\ ]\/hSZqO 1Yaq ,W*abS `Sab*E V\-/* `1hn S/1b \ Z1]`*,SWnZ\Y ]`SY1O Z1ZSS V`\,SH 6=8



  I

\bZ1abSan V 1-\ ,\W1D /Z*V\ \b1g *+W\E V\b\`my Z1 +mW ,S/1b1W1Y 1-\,mE ]\WdhSW ]\ab*Z\,W1ZS1 ad/*E \bY1Zq,j11 `*a]\`q31ZS1 1-\ amZ*D 5= /,\V*bE ]`1/ab*,Wq,jSy SZb1`1am 31Zm *+W\E a`*4d 31 ]\/*W 3*W\+dD ahSb*ZZm1 h*am *]1WWqgSO \ZZmy ad/ \bY1ZSW `1j1ZS1 ZS31ab\qk1-\ ad/* S ]\O ab*Z\,SWE hb\ Z1\+f\/SY\ d,*3*bn S4W\31ZZdp , Y1O /SgSZaV\Y `*a]\`q31ZSS ,\Wp ]*gS1Zb*D b1g *+W\ \+3*W\,*W ob\ `1j1ZS1 , 1`f\,Z\Y ad/1 `-1ZbSZmD 1`f\,Zmy ad/ Z1 Z*j1W w]`ShSZ da\YZSbnaq , b\YE hb\ Y1/SgSZaVSy /\VdY1Zb *+W\E ,m`*3*pkSy 1-\ \bV*4 \b ]1`1WS,*ZSq V`\,S +mW 4*]\WZ1Z SY , 4/`*O ,\Y dY1E g1W1Z*]`*,W1ZZ\ S /\+`\,\WnZ\xD d/ ]\ab*O Z\,SWB w*3/my /11a]\a\+Zmy ,4`\aWmy h1W\,1V Y\O 31b 4*`*Z11 /*bn `*a]\`q31ZSq \bZ\aSb1WnZ\ a,\1-\ 4/\`\,nq S Y\31b a\-W*aSbnaq Z* V*V\1OWS+\ W1h1ZS1 SWS \bV*4*bnaq \b Z1-\DDD 1h*kSy ,`*h \+q4*Z ahSO b*bnaq a obSYS `*a]\`q31ZSqYSxD 6>

`*b Wn+*`*aSZS ]\WZ\abnp ,m4/\`\,1WD Z S 1-\ 31Z* \h1Zn `*/mE hb\ \Z , a,\1 ,`1Yq 4*]\WZSW Y1/SgSZaVSy /\VdY1ZbD /1W*, ob\b ]`\ab\yE Z\ ,*3O Zmy j*-E *+W\ ]\V*4*WE hb\ ]\/hSZq1baq ,W*abS `SO ab*E *`q \3n1-\ *`ab,*D /1W*WS WS ,m S ,*jS +WS4VS1 b\ 31 a*Y\1H

&  ˛ 

˙   ˚)

6=9

65

*Z*/*D +mhZ\ ad/m ]`S4Z*pb ]`*,\ `\/Sb1W1y \]`1/1WqbnE V*V\1 W1h1ZS1 +d/1b WdhjSY /Wq Sf /1b1yD Z1V\b\`mf aWdh*qf ad/m /*31 ,mZ\aSWS ]\ab*Z\,O W1ZSqE hb\ Zd3Z\ dhSbm,*bn YZ1ZS1 ]\/`\abV* , ,\O ]`\a*f W1h1ZSqE 1aWS \Z ]`\q,Wq1b \]`1/1W1ZZdp 4`1O W\abnD *V ad/ ]\abd]SWE Z*]`SY1`E , aWdh*1 'y]`SW */\`1bD \-/* 'y]`SW +mW\ 58 W1bE 11 /\ab*,SWS , +\WnZSgd a aSWnZmY ,Zdb`1ZZSY V`\,\b1h1ZS1YD ˛* Z1aV\WnV\ Y1aqg1, /\ b\-\ \Z* 4*]\WZSW* Y1/SgSZO aVSy /\VdY1ZbE , V\b\`\Y dV*4*W*E hb\ 4*]`1k*1b ]1O `1WS,*bn 1y V`\,n /*31 , oVab`1ZZ\Y aWdh*1D 1h*O kSy ,`*h ]`1/]\h1W ]`\S-Z\`S`\,*bn qaZ\ ,m`*31ZO Zdp ,\Wp 'y]`SW S \+`*bSWaq , ad/ 4* `*4`1j1ZS1Y Z* ]1`1WS,*ZS1 V`\,SD ˚y ]`SZd/Sb1WnZ\ ]1`1WSWS b`S 1/SZSgm o`Sb`\gSbZ\y Y*aamD \4/Z11 'y]`SW aV*4*O W*E hb\ hd,ab,\,*W* a1+q b*VE +d/b\ 11 S4Z*aSW\,*WSD 66 'y]`SW S 11 `\/Sb1WS \+`*bSWSan , ad/D \aW1 /,df W1b ad/1+Zmf `*4+S`*b1Wnab, /1W\ /\jW\ /\ 1`O f\,Z\-\ ad/* *Z*/mD \bq ad/ Z1 d/\,W1b,\`SW b`1+\O ,*ZS1 'y]`SW \ ]`S4Z*ZSS Y1abZ\-\ 4*V\Z* ]`\bS,\O `1h*kSY \ZabSbdgSSE \Z ]\ab*Z\,SWE hb\+m 1y V\YO 65P68D *M b\ ]\+d/SW\ 1`f\,Zmy ad/ *Z*/m ]`SZqbn 4Z*O Y1Z*b1WnZ\1 `1j1ZS1E V*a*pk11aq ]\/`\abV\,E V\b\`m1 ab*WO VS,*pbaq a ,\]`\a\Y ]`SY1Z1ZSq V`\,SH +M *V ob\b aWdh*y Y\31b dV`1]Sbn pZmf aWd3Sb1W1y 1-\,mH 6=:



  I

]1ZaS`\,*WS ad/1+Zm1 S4/1`3VSE S ,mZ1a `1j1ZS1 , ]\Wn4d 'y]`SW S /`d-Sf ]\/`\abV\,E V\b\`m1 d31 /\O ab*b\hZ\ 4`1Wm1E hb\+m ,\a]\Wn4\,*bnaq a,\SY ]`*O ,\Y ,m+S`*bn W1h1ZS1D d/ 4*q,SWB w\-/* `1hn S/1b \ W1h1ZSSE Y\W\/mY Wp/qYE Z1 /\abS-jSY 5: W1bE /\WO 3Z* ]`1/\ab*,Wqbnaq ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]\V*4*bnE hb\ Sf \bZ\j1ZS1 V V\ZV`1bZmY Y1b\/*Y W1h1ZSq \b`*3*1b /\ab*b\hZdp ab1]1Zn a*Y\ab\qb1WnZ\abS YmjW1ZSq S 4`1W\abSxD 67 'b\b aWdh*y ]`SY1h*b1W1Z b1YE hb\ 1`f\,Zmy ad/ d/1WSW ,ZSY*ZS1 V\ZabSbdgS\ZZmY ]`*,*Y Z1a\O ,1`j1ZZ\W1bZSfD *Znj1 V*Z*/aVS1 ad/m Y\-WS ,m/*O ,*bn `*4`1j1ZS1 Z* \]`1/1W1ZZ\1 W1h1ZS1 `1+1ZV* , ,\4`*ab1 /\ 5: W1bE 1aWS ahSb*WSE hb\ ob\ +d/1b /Wq Z1O -\ a*YmY WdhjSYD /Z*V\ b1]1`nE ]\aW1 ,abd]W1ZSq , aSWd ob\-\ `1j1ZSqE ad/m Z1 Y\-db a*ZVgS\ZS`\,*bn W1h1ZS1 ]\/`\abV* , ,\4`*ab1 /\ 5: W1b ,\]`1VS 1-\ ,\W1E Z1 ]`1/\ab*,S, 1Yd aZ*h*W* ,\4Y\3Z\abS /\V*O 4*bnE hb\ \Z d31 /\ab*b\hZ\ 4`1W /Wq ]`SZqbSq a\+abO ,1ZZmf `1j1ZSyD 68 b\SW\ WS ,1abS obd b`1fW1bZpp bq3+dH w˙*Ix P \b,1h*1b 'y]`SWE V\b\`*q a1yh*a aWd3Sb ]S\Z1`\Y S f\`\j\ a1+q hd,ab,d1bD Z* -\,\`SbB w) ah*abWS,*E hb\ aY\-W* f\bn hdbnOhdbn ]\a\/1yab,\,*bn ]`\aW*,W1ZSp

&  ˛ 

˙   ˚)

6=;

SY1ZS \-* S ]\/b,1`/SbnE hb\ *b*Z* P W31gxD *V ]\V*4m,*1b ]`SY1` 'y]`SWE pZm1 f`SabS*Z1 Y\-db YdO 31ab,1ZZ\ \bab*S,*bn a,\p ]\4SgSpE /\V*4m,*qE hb\ \ZS Z*ab\qkS1 -`*3/*Z1 *`ab,* \-* L*beD 65B5:MD

`*,\ ,\a]Sbm,*bn /1b1y , a\-W*aSS a Z\`Y*YS 1-\,m 69 1-\,* ,\4W*-*1b Z* `\/Sb1W1y \+q4*ZZ\abn ,\aO ]Sbm,*bn /1b1y , a\-W*aSS a 1-\ Z\`Y*YS L b\`D :B:P< -\/* P ]`\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abn ]d+WShO Z\y `1hS a\V`*bSWS a 89 /\ 7> YSZdbD \bq , Z*jS /ZS ob* ,ab`1h* ]`\,\/Sbaq Z1 b*VE V*V `*Znj1E f\`\O j\ ]\/-\b\,W1ZZm1 `1hS ]\O]`13Z1Yd dV`1]Wqpb ,1`d , \3n1 W\,\ S ]\Y\-*pb Wdhj1 ]\ZSY*bn `*4WShZm1 ,\]`\amE a,q4*ZZm1 a *`ab,\Y \-* L5 SYD 8B57E 5:MD b*`*1b1an WS ,m ]`S-W*j*bn Z* ]d+WShZdp ,ab`1hd V*V Y\3Z\ +\Wnj1 Wp/1yE Z*]`SY1` b1fE V\Yd /1W*1O b1 ]\,b\`Zm1 ]\a1k1ZSqH 5> 4dh1ZS1 wb\`\31,\y +*jZSxD 5=66 -\/d +`*bnqE S4,1abZm1 V*V ]SWS-`SYm P aWd3Sb1WSE V\O b\`mf +k1ab,\ ]\amW*W\ , a\+`*ZSqE hb\+m ,mO abd]*bn a `1h*YS S `dV\,\/Sbn ]`\]\,1/npEP ]`1/O W\3SWS +k1ab,d ]`\,\/Sbn `1-dWq`Zm1 ,ab`1hS /Wq S4dh1ZSq wb\`\31,\y +*jZSxD 'b\ ]`1/W\31ZS1 +mO W\ ]`SZqb\E S aZ*h*W* S4dh1ZS1 wb\`\31,\y +*jZSx ]`\,\/SW\an , \/SZ S4 +d/ZSf /Z1y SWS , ,\aV`1a1Zn1D 55 wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x \b 59 SpZq 5=76 -\/* +mO WS /*Zm dV*4*ZSq \ b\YE V*V /\W3Z* ]`\f\/Sbn ob* 5> P56D *M *V Y1ZqW*an e\`Y* ]`\,1/1ZSq S4dh1ZSq wb\O `\31,\y +*jZSxH +M *VS1 ,\]`\am ab\Sb a1+1 4*/*bnH  ˚%˚ ˚  ˙)   ˚)

757

,ab`1h*D ˛* \+`*41g +mW ,4qb ]\`q/\V 11 ]`\,1/1ZSq , 1eSW1D ab`1hd /\W31Z +mW ]`\,\/Sbn +`*bD 1`1/ *d/Sb\`S1y a*/SWSan b`S +`*b* S ]\ \h1`1/S 4*hSbmO ,*WS *+4*gmD b\ ,`1Yq , ab*bnqf Z1 ]1h*b*WSan ,\O ]`\amE ]\ob\Yd ]`\,\/qkSy S4dh1ZS1 ]\+d3/*W aWdO j*b1W1y 4*/*,*bn ,\]`\amE V*a*pkS1aq \+ad3/*1Y\-\ Y*b1`S*W*D \aW1 ob\-\ \Z ]`1/W*-*W ]`Sadbab,dpO kSY \b,1bSbn Z* ]\/Zqbm1 ,\]`\amD ˚aWS b`1+\,*W\an db\hZ1ZS1E ]`\,\/qkSy S4dh1ZS1 /\W31Z +mW /*bn V\O `\bV\1 S qaZ\1 \+lqaZ1ZS1D 56 Z*h*W* V*3/\Yd a\+`*ZSp +mW\ `*4`1j1Z\ a*O Y\ab\qb1WnZ\ ,m+S`*bnE V*V\y ,m]daV 3d`Z*W* S4dO h*bnEP ,m+\` 4*,Sa1W \b b\-\E V*Vdp b1Yd f\b1W\ \+O ad3/*bn +\WnjSZab,\D /Z*V\ , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x \b 59 *]`1Wq 5=77 -\/* ,a1Y a\+`*ZSqY ]`1/W*-*W\an ,]`1/n Sa]\Wn4\,*bn /Wq S4dh1ZSq b1VdkSy ,m]daVD 5=7; -\/d +mW\ /*Z\ dV*4*ZS1 ]`\,\/Sbn S4dh1ZS1 ]\ ,\aV`1a1ZnqYD ]\aW1/dpkSf S4Y1Z1ZSqfE V\b\O `m1 a/1W*WS obd ,ab`1hd b*V\yE V*V\y Ym 4Z*1Y 11 a1O -\/ZqE a\\+k*W\an , wb\`\31,\y +*jZ1x \b 5 \Vbq+`q 5=86 -\/*D 3d`Z*W1 -\,\`SW\anE hb\ b1]1`n , ab*bn1 /Wq S4dh1ZSq ,ZS4d V*3/\y ab`*ZSgm +d/db ]1h*b*bnO aq ,\]`\am S Sf Zd3Z\ +d/1b Sa]\Wn4\,*bn ,\ ,`1Yq \+ad3/1ZSqD *V31 dV*4m,*W\anE hb\ ]`\/\W3Sb1WnO 758



  I

Z\abn ,ab`1hS /\W3Z* a\ab*,Wqbn \/SZ h*aD `SadbO ab,dpkS1 ]\+d3/*WSan \b,1h*bn wa,\SYS aW\,*YSxE * Z1 4*hSbm,*bn h*abS *+4*g1,D 4dh1ZS1 wb\`\31O ,\y +*jZSx ]\O]`13Z1Yd \ab*1baq \aZ\,Z\y ,ab`1h1yE a ]\Y\knp V\b\`\y ,1`Zmy `*+ /*1b /df\,Zdp ]Skd ,\,`1Yq L*beD 68B89MD *3/\Yd ab\Sb a]`\aSbn a1+qB w\/-\b*,WS,*pan WS q V S4dh1ZSp tb\`\31,\y +*jO ZSr V*3/dp Z1/1WpH b*`*pan WS q /*,*bn V\YY1Zb*O `SSE 1aWS d Y1Zq 1abn ,\4Y\3Z\abnHx 57 4dh1ZS1 S+WSS , a\+`*ZSSD Z*h*W1 5Of -\/\,E V\-/* d31 +mW\ ,m]dk1Z\ Z1aV\WnV\ b\O Y\, b`d/* w*aa,1b YSWW1ZSdY*xE D *ZE aaW1/\O ,*b1Wn S+WSS S4 *WbSY\`* Ljb*b o`SW1Z/E "ME ]`1/W\3SW \+`*4\,*bn V`d3VS w*aa,1bx /Wq S4dh1ZSq

S+WSS a ]\Y\knp ob\-\ b`d/*D ab`1hS b*VSf V`d3V\, ]`\,\/SWSanE V*V ]`*,SW\E , h*abZmf /\Y*f S aZ*h*W* ahSb*WSan oVa]1`SY1Zb\YD /Z*V\ V a1Zbq+`p 555 -\/* +mW\ aV*4*O Z\B w /Z* S4 g1W1y ob\-\ Z\,\,,1/1ZSq a\ab\qW* , b\YE hb\+m a1YnS Y\-WS ,m/1WSbn ,1h1` /Wq 131Z1/1WnZ\-\ a1O Y1yZ\-\ ]\VW\Z1ZSqE hb\ ]\4,\WSW\ +m SY dV`1]Wqbn a,\p /df\,Z\abnxD 1YnqY a\,1b\,*W\an wSa]\Wn4\,*bn ob\ ,`1Yq /Wq Z1b\`\]WS,\-\ \+ad3/1ZSq S+WSS S S4dh1ZSqE ]`Sa]\a\+W1ZZ\-\ V ]\b`1+Z\abqY a1YnSx15D 15 \,1bm \ b\YE V*V\y Y*b1`S*W Y\3Z\ Sa]\Wn4\,*bn ,\ ,`1O Yq a1Y1yZ\-\ ]\VW\Z1ZSqE ]`S,\/SWSan , w*j1Y g*`ab,1ZZ\Y aWd31ZSSx 4* qZ,*`n 6>55 -\/*D  ˚%˚ ˚  ˙)   ˚)

75;

\h1Yd a1Y1yZ\1 ]\VW\Z1ZS1 Z*ab\WnV\ ,*3Z\ S ]\O h1Yd SY Z1Wn4q ]`1Z1+`1-*bnH \b\Yd hb\ \b Z1-\ 4*O ,SaSb /df\,Z\1 a\ab\qZS1 Z1 b\WnV\ a1YnSE Z\ S a\+`*O ZSqD \+`*ZS1 Y\3Z\ a`*,ZSbn a /\Y\YE ]\ab`\1ZZmY S4 VS`]Sh1yD L`\hSb*yb1 ˚,`1qY 7B8P:DM16 `\hZ\abn VS`]ShZ\-\ /\Y* 4*,SaSb \b /,df VWph1,mf e*Vb\`\,B \b V*h1ab,* edZ/*Y1Zb* S ]`\hZ\abS \b/1WnZmf VS`]Sh1yD ˚aWS edZ/*Y1Zb ]W\f\yE b\ /\Y Y\31b `dfZdbnD \ /*O 31 V\-/* a edZ/*Y1Zb\Y ,a1 , ]\`q/V1E /\Y Y\31b `*4,*WSbnaqE 1aWS Z*hZdb V`\jSbnaq VS`]ShSD `SabSO *ZaV\1 a\+`*ZS1 ]\ab`\1Z\ Z* ]`\hZ1yj1Y edZ/*Y1ZO b1E SWS \aZ\,*ZSSEP Z* dh1ZSqf `Sab*D L`\hSb*yb1 5 \`SZeqZ*Y 7B5>P59DM27 b/1WnZmf hW1Z\, a\+`*O ‹ ZSq S a1YnS Y\3Z\ a`*,ZSbn a VS`]Sh*YSD 1-dWq`Z\1 a1Y1yZ\1 ]\VW\Z1ZS1 ]`1/\ab*,Wq1b V*3/\Yd f`SabS*O ZSZd S V*3/\y a1Yn1 dZSV*WnZdp ,\4Y\3Z\abn a\4S/*bn a,\p ,1`d S a\f`*Zqbn 11 V`1]V\yE \-Z1d]\`Z\yD  1aO WS \b/1WnZm1 f`SabS*Z1 S a1YnS +d/db /df\,Z\ V`1]VSO YSE b\ V`1]VSY +d/1b S ,a1 a\+`*ZS1D m/1W1Z\ WS , ,*O j1Y 131Z1/1WnZ\Y -`*eSV1 ,`1Yq /Wq a1Y1yZ\-\ ]\VW\O Z1ZSqH 16 W\,* *,W* \+`*k1Zm V wdh*abZSV*Y Z1+1aZ\-\ ]`S4,*O ZSqx L˚,`D 7B5MD \ , ]`SZgS]1 1-\ a\,1b ]`SY1ZSY V\ ,a1Y f`SO abS*Z*YD 27 \/`\+Z\ ob\b +S+W1yaVSy \b`m,\V \+ad3/*Waq , wb\`\O 31,\y +*jZ1x \b 59 SpWq 5=== -\/*E ab`*ZSgm 56P58E *+4*gm 59P6>D \h1Yd +m Z1 ]`\hSb*bn ob\b Y*b1`S*W S Z1 ]\`*4YmjO Wqbn Z*/ b1YE V*V \Z ]`SY1ZSY V ,*j1Yd a1Y1yZ\Yd ]\VW\Z1O ZSpH 75
Of -\/*f +`*bnq S4 -W*,Z\-\ d]`*,W1ZSq ab*WS ]\/-\b*,WS,*bn dh1+Zm1 ]`\-`*YYm /Wq ]`\,1O /1ZSq `*4WShZmf jV\WD = "V\W* b1\V`*bSh1aV\-\ aWd31ZSqD *V Ym d4O Z*WS S4 ]`1/m/dk1y -W*,mE obd jV\Wd Z*h*WS ]`\,\O /Sbn , 5=87 -\/dD `1/Z*4Z*h*W*an WS \Z* WSjn /Wq b\-\E hb\+m dhSbn b1fE Vb\ , Z11 4*]Sa*ZE f\`\j\ ,mO abd]*bn a `1h*YS Z* ,ab`1h*f a\+`*ZSqH 1bD W*,Z\y g1Wnp "V\Wm +mW\ dhSbn \3nSf aWd3Sb1W1y Sa]\WnO 4\,*bn /*` `1hS /Wq b\-\E hb\+m ]`\aW*,Wqbn 1-\,d , aWd31ZSS LaD 59>B:MD "V\W* ]\Y\-W* ,a1Y 4*]Sa*ZO ZmY , Z11 +`*bnqY S a1ab`*Y ab*Z\,Sbnaq +\W11 dY1O WmYS aWd3Sb1WqYS *`ab,*D 1]1`n b*V\1 \+dh1ZS1 ]`1/\ab*,Wq1baq Z* ,ab`1h1 , +d/ZS1 /ZSD 5> S+W1yaV*q jV\W* b\`\31,\y *jZS *W**/D "V\W*E S4,1abZ*q a1-\/Zq V*V S+W1yaV*q jV\W* b\`\31,\y *jZS *W**/E Z*h*W* a,\1 adk1ab,\,*O ZS1 5 e1,`*Wq 5=87 -\/*D 4Z*h*WnZ\ \Z* ]`1/Z*4O Z*h*W*an /Wq ]\/-\b\,VS ]S\Z1`\, S /`d-Sf ]\WZ\O ,`1Y1ZZmf aWd3Sb1W1y V YSaaS\Z1`aV\Yd aWd31ZSp 5>E 55D b\ a1-\/Zq Y\31b ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1 , "V\W1 *W**/ S Z* hb\ Z*g1W1Z* 11 ]`\-`*YY*H

 ˚˚ ˝˚˚•  

777

, `*4WShZmf h*abqf YS`*D \ a \Vbq+`q 6>55 -\/* dhSbnaq , Z1y ]`S-W*j*pb WSjn b1fE Vb\ d31 Z*f\O /Sbaq , V*V\YOWS+\ ,S/1 a]1gS*WnZ\-\ ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZO Z\-\ aWd31ZSqB a]1gS*WnZmf ]S\Z1`\,E `*4l14/Zmf Z*/4S`*b1W1y S Sf 31ZE ,1eSWng1, S aWd3*kSf , ]\W1 YSaaS\Z1`\,E V\b\`m1 1k1 Z1 ]`\f\/SWS , Z1y \+dh1ZS1D 55 * hb\ Z*g1W1Z* ]`\-`*YY* "V\Wm *W**/H bO ,1b a\/1`3Sbaq , aW\,*f \/Z\-\ ]`1]\/*,*b1Wq a YZ\O -\W1bZSY ab*31YB w* b\E hb\+m ]\a`1/ab,\Y -Wd+\O V\-\ S4dh1ZSq W\,* \-* dV`1]Sbn ,1`d abd/1Zb\,E * b*V31 ]\Y\hn SY `*4,Sbn /df\,Zm1 V*h1ab,*E Z1O \+f\/SYm1 /Wq ]`1\/\W1ZSq b`d/Z\ab1yE a V\b\`mYS \ZS +d/db ab*WVS,*bnaq , a,\Sf Z*4Z*h1ZSqfD `\Y1 b\-\E ]`\-`*YY* /\W3Z* daSWSbn 31W*ZS1 abd/1Zb\, 1k1 +\W11 `1,Z\abZ\ dh*ab,\,*bn , /1W1 +W*-\,1ab,\O ,*ZSqx L'eD 8B55MD 56 *V\1 ,WSqZS1 \V*4*W* "V\W* *W**/ Z* ,a1O YS`Zdp ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aVdp /1qb1WnZ\abnH  5=87 -\O /* \+dh1ZS1 , ob\y jV\W1 ]`\jWS +\W11 < 9>> h1W\O ,1V17E S 11 ,m]daVZSVS aWd3*b +\W11 h1Y , 5;> ab`*O 17 1V\b\`m1 dhSWSan , "V\W1 *W**/ +\Wnj1 \/Z\-\ `*4*D

56E 57D *V\1 ,WSqZS1 \V*4*W* "V\W* *W**/ Z* ,a1YS`Zdp ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aVdp /1qb1WnZ\abnH `S,1/Sb1 ]`SY1`D 778



  I

Z*f S b1``Sb\`SqfD SaaS\Z1`m , ]\WZ\y Y1`1 ]`SO Y1Zqpb ]\Wdh1ZZm1 4Z*ZSqE ]\/*,*q ]`SY1` `1,Z\abO Z\-\ aWd31ZSq S ]\+d3/*q /`d-Sf ]`\]\,1/\,*bn a `,1ZS1YD *ab\ YSaaS\Z1`m ,\4-W*,WqWS /1W\ ]`\]\O ,1/S , Y1abZ\abqfE -/1 +mW\ Y*W\E * b\ S ,\\+k1 Z1 +mW\ ,\4,1k*b1W1y *`ab,*D 57 \b hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ , )]\ZSSE -/1 ,\ ,`1Yq b\O `\y YS`\,\y ,\yZm \`-*ZS4\,*ZZ*q ]`\]\,1/n ]`*VO bSh1aVS \ab*Z\,SW*anD *,-dab1 5=8= -\/* , )]\ZSS Z1 +mW\ S /1aqbS Y1abZmf ,\4,1k*b1W1yD /Z*V\ V V\Zgd b\-\ -\/* , ab`*Z1 d31 *VbS,Z\ ]`\]\,1/\O ,*WS 57 ,m]daVZSV\, "V\Wm *W**/D aW1/ 4* ZSYS ]`S+mWS S /`d-S1 YSaaS\Z1`mD Z*h*W1 YSaaS\Z1O `m a\a`1/\b\hSWS a,\S daSWSq Z* ]`\]\,1/S , +\WnO jSf -\`\/*fE * 4*b1Y Z*]`*,SWSan , -\`\/* ]\Y1ZnO j1D ZS a1`/1hZ\ ]\+d3/*WS /`d-Sf f`SabS*Z S b1fE a V1Y S4dh*WS S+WSpE Z*h*bn ]S\Z1`aV\1 aWd31O ZS1D ,1ZS1 b1f YSaaS\Z1`\, ]`SZ1aW\ 4*Y1h*b1WnO Zm1 ]W\/mD 1-\/Zq , )]\ZSS +\W11 65: >>> ,\4,1k*O b1W1y *`ab,* S ]\hbS 8> ]`\g1Zb\, S4 ZSf aWd3*b ]S\Z1`*YSI18 18 \Wnj1 \ b\YE V*V YSaaS\Z1`mE \V\ZhS,jS1 "V\Wd *W*O */E ]\,WSqWS Z* ,a1YS`Z\1 ]\W1E Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn S4 67Oy -W*,m VZS-S w,S/1b1WS 1-\,m P ,\4,1k*b1WS *`ab,* \-*xD

 ˚˚ ˝˚˚•  

779

58

˙`d-S1 b1\V`*bSh1aVS1 jV\WmD "V\W* ]S\Z1`O aV\-\ aWd31ZSqE S+W1yaV*q jV\W* /Wq ad]`d31aVSf ]*` S S+W1yaV*q jV\W* /Wq Z131Z*bmf +`*bn1, ]\O Y\-WS b1YE Vb\ , ZSf dhSWaqE dV`1]Sbn /df\,Z\abn S `1,Z\abZ\ dh*ab,\,*bn , /1W1 ]`\]\,1/SE ]\/*O ,*q ]`SY1` /`d-SY19D a1 obS b1\V`*bSh1aVS1 jV\Wm ab*WS Y\kZmY /\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y b\-\E hb\ Z*j *`n /*1b a,\SY ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY ,a1 Z1\+f\/SY\1E hb\+m a\,1`j*bn aWd31ZS1 L6 SYD 8B9MD

`*bnq dh*baq Sa]\WZqbn \a\+m1 \+q4*ZZ\abS 59 a]\YZSY ]`\`\h1ab,\ a*SSE , V\b\`\Y aV*4*O Z\E hb\ \- \+dh*W Sada*D b\y Z1+1aZ\y wjV\W1x mZ dhSWaq b\YdE wV*V aW\,\Y ]\//1`3*bn db\YW1ZO Z\-\x LaD 9>B8MD *f\/qan Z* 41YW1E Sada ]`SY1ZqW ]\Wdh1ZZm1 4Z*ZSqB \Z Z1a \a,131ZS1 wb`d/qkSYaq S \+`1Y1Z1ZZmYx L*beD 55B6MD d3hSZmE Z*/1O W1ZZm1 , Z*`\/1 \-* \b,1bab,1ZZ\abnpE f\bqb ]\/`*O 3*bn Sadad S +mbn Sab\hZSV\Y \a,131ZSq /Wq a,\O 19 ˙,1 ]\aW1/ZS1 "V\Wm 4*Y1ZSW* "V\W* +W*-\,1abZSV\, *`O ab,*D

58D ˙\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y h1-\ aWd3*b b1\V`*bSh1aVS1 jV\WmH LY\b`Sb1 b*V31 `*YVd w"V\Wm /Wq aWd3Sb1W1y *`ab,*x Z* ab`*ZSg*f 785P78;DM 59D h1Y Yd3hSZmE Z*/1W1ZZm1 \b,1bab,1ZZ\abnpE f\bqb ]\/`*3*bn SadadH 77:



  I

Sf +`*bn1, S a1ab1`D b\+m ]\Y\hn +`*bnqY +\W11 oeO e1VbS,Z\ aWd3Sbn a\,1`dpkSYE +mWS \`-*ZS4\,*Zm `*4WShZm1 jV\WmD 5: "V\W* g*`ab,1ZZ\-\ aWd31ZSqD ˛*ZqbSq ]1`O ,\-\ VW*aa* ob\y jV\Wm Z*h*WSan = Y*`b* 5=9= -\/* , *dbO*ZaSZ-1 Ljb*b npO•\`VMD +dh1ZS1 , Z1y /WSO W\an \/SZ Y1aqgE S Z* Z1-\ ]`S-W*j*WS `*4l14/Zmf Z*/4S`*b1W1yE * b*V31 aWd3Sb1W1y a\+`*ZSyD \4/Z11 ]`\-`*YYd "V\Wm ]1`1,1WS a *Z-WSyaV\-\ Z* /`d-S1 q4mVSE +W*-\/*`q h1Yd ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1 , "V\W1 ]\q,SW*an d +`*bn1, ,\ ,a1Y YS`11:D 5;

g1WS "V\Wm g*`ab,1ZZ\-\ aWd31ZSq , w˚31O -\/ZSV1 ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mx 4* 5=:6 -\/ -\,\`SW\anB w ob\Y YS`1E -/1 ,a1 \h1Zn 4*ZqbmE Z*/4S`*b1Wn , a\O +`*ZSS ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m /\W31Z +mbn h1W\,1V\YE V\b\`my Y\31b \`-*ZS4\,*bn a,\p 3S4Zn b*VE hb\+m d/1Wqbn Z1\+f\/SY\1 ,ZSY*ZS1 ,a1Y hW1Z*Y a\+`*O ZSq S +mbn /Wq ZSf +W*-\aW\,1ZS1YD b\ 31 ,`1Yq 1Yd Z1 aW1/d1b 4*ZSY*bnaq /1W*YS a\+`*ZSq , dk1`+ 1: 1-\/Zq , "V\W1 g*`ab,1ZZ\-\ aWd31ZSqE V\b\`*q ]`\f\/Sb `*4 , Z1aV\WnV\ W1b S Y\31b +mbn `*4Z\y ]`\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abSE dh*bO aq ,a1 ab*`1yjSZmD  5=D \h1Yd Sada Y\- aV*4*bnE hb\ ,a1 Ym wZ*dh1Zm 1-\O ,\yxE S Z* hb\ ,m Z*ab`\1ZmH

 ˚˚ ˝˚˚•  

77=

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ *V\1 \+dh1ZS1 Sada ]\WdhSW d a,\1-\

bg*H ˇ *V *`n dhSb a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y ]`\]\O ,1/\,*bnH ˇ *V Z*4Z*h1ZZmf +`*bn1, dh*b Sa]\WZqbn a,\S \+q4*ZZ\abSH ˇ *V ,m Y\31b1 ]\V*4*bnE hb\ +W*-\/*`Zm 4* \+dh1ZS1E V\b\`\1 ]`1/\ab*,Wq1b *`nH

78>



  I

"% ˙)  ˝˚˚•    "  ) ˝˛&   ˝˚˚ 1WnB ]\Y\hn ,\4,1k*b1WqY ab*bn +\W11 dY1WmYS ]`\]\,1/ZSO V*YS S dhSb1WqYS +W*-\y ,1abSD `\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abnB ]\ab\qZZ\D 1ab\ ]`\,1/1ZSqB Y1abZmy ˛*W *`ab,*D *V ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1B Y\-db dhSbnaq ,a1E Vb\ `1-dWq`Z\ ]\a1O k*1b ,ab`1hS a\+`*ZSqE a\-W*a1Z a dh1ZSqYS S+WSS S 3S,1b ]\ f`SabS*ZaVSY ]`SZgS]*YD b\+m 4*]Sa*bnaqE \+`*bSb1an V `dO V\,\/Sb1Wp ,ab`1hS w*j* f`SabS*ZaV*q 3S4Zn S aWd31ZS1xD \Wn4*B * ,ab`1h1 , +d/ZS1 /ZS Ym dhSYaq ]`\,\/Sbn SaaW1O /\,*ZS1 S W\-ShZ\ ]`1]\/Z\aSbn SZe\`Y*gSpD m b*V31 dhSYO aq ]`SaWdjS,*bnaq V /`d-SY S /dY*bn \+ Sf /df\,Zmf ]\b`1+O Z\abqfE * Z1 b\WnV\ \ a,\SfD

`ZSE V\b\`my /\W-\1 ,`1Yq aWd3Sb `*4l14/ZmY Z*/4S`*b1W1YE /1WSbaqB w) a /1bab,* 4*SV*WaqE S YZ1 +mW\ b`d/Z\ ]\//1`3SO ,*bn 4`Sb1WnZmy V\Zb*Vb a a\+1a1/ZSV\YD 'b* ,ab`1h* ]\Y\-O W* YZ1 \+`1abS d,1`1ZZ\abnD 1`14 Z11 1-\,* ]\Y\- YZ1 Z*O dhSbnaq ]`*,SWnZ\ /mj*bn S a\a`1/\b\hS,*bnaqD ) \h1Zn +W*O -\/*`1Z 4* ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]`\aW*,Wqbn \-* , a\+`*ZSSE * b*V31 , aWd31ZSSxD

" ˙)  ˚•"  )15 1WnB ]\Y\hn ab*`1yjSZ*Y d-Wd+Sbn /df\,Z\abn S Wdhj1 Sa]\WO Zqbn \+q4*ZZ\abS , a\+`*ZSSD 15 'b* jV\W* ]`\,\/Sbaq 1k1 Z1 ,\ ,a1f ab`*Z*fD 785

`\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abnB ]qbn /Z1yD 1ab\ ]`\,1/1ZSqB ,m+S`*1b eSWS*WC \+mhZ\ ob\ ˛*W *`ab,* SWS ˛*W V\Z-`1aa\,D *V ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1B ab*`1yjSZ ]`S-W*j*1b eSWS*WD \Wn4*B ,\b ,maV*4m,*ZSq +`*bn1,E V\b\`m1 dhSWSan , =6OY VW*aa1 ob\y jV\Wm , *bb1`a\Z1 Ljb*b npO•\`VE "MD

w+dh1ZS1 , "V\W1 aSWnZ\ ]\,WSqW\ Z* Y1ZqD Z\ ]\Y\-W\ YZ1 a/1W*bn a*Y\]`\,1`Vd S d,S/1bnE V*V q Y\-d 4*+\bSbnaq \+ \,g*f 1-\,mxD w\E h1Yd q Z*dhSWaqE +d/1b ]\Y\-*bn YZ1 ,ap Y\p 3S4ZnxD

" ˚    ˝˚) 1WnB ]\Y\hn ]S\Z1`*Y w, ]\WZ\y Y1`1x a\,1`j*bn a,\1 aWd31O ZS1 L6 SYD 8B9MD `\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abnB j1abn /Z1yD 1ab\ ]`\,1/1ZSqB ,m+S`*1b eSWS*WC \+mhZ\ ob\ ˛*W *`ab,*D *V ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1B \+kS1 ]S\Z1`mE ]`\aWd3S,jS1 YSZSO YdY -\/E *,b\Y*bSh1aVS ]\Wdh*pb ]`S-W*j1ZS1 \b `*y\ZZ\-\ Z*/4S`*b1WqD S\Z1`\,E V\b\`m1 Z1 dhSWSan , "V\W1 , b1h1ZS1 ]\aW1/ZSf ]qbS W1bE Y\-db ]`S-W*aSbn aZ\,*D \Wn4*B w"V\W* ]\Y\-W* YZ1 Z*dhSbnaq ]`1\/\W1,*bn b`d/Z\O abS , aWd31ZSS S , 3S4ZSEP -\,\`Sb SWSDP ) ]`S\+`1W* f\O `\jS1 Z*,mVS , SaaW1/\,*ZSS Sa*ZSqE \+dh1ZSS S Sa]\Wn4\,*O ZSS S+WSSD 1]1`n q Wdhj1 ]\/-\b\,W1Z*E hb\+m ]\Y\-*bn /`dO -SYE a\b`d/ZSh*bn a\ ab*`1yjSZ*YS S a\/1yab,\,*bn `\abd a\+`*ZSqxD 786

`1Z/*E V\b\`*q dhSW*an , "V\W1 /,*3/mE \bY1h*1bB w"V\W* ]\O 4,\WSW* YZ1 ]\WZ\abnp a\a`1/\b\hSbnaq Z* /df\,Z\Y S Z* b\YE V*V ]\Y\-*bn /`d-SYE * b*V31 ]\+d/SW* ,\a]Sbm,*bn a,\p a\O ,1abnD 1-\,* ]\SabSZ1 k1/`my S /\+`myIx

" ˙) (#  ˝˚˚ ˚˚ 1WnB ]\Y\hn Z\,mY ,1eSWng*Y +mbn da]1jZmYS , a,\1Y aWdO 31ZSSD `\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abnB 8 /Zq ]\ 8 h*a* , /1ZnD 1ab\ ]`\,1/1ZSqB 1eSWnD *V ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1B ]`S-W*j1ZS1 *,b\Y*bSh1aVS ]\Wdh*pb b1E Vb\ ab*Z\,qbaq ]\ab\qZZmYS hW1Z*YS ,1eSWnaV\y a1YnSE S ,`1Y1ZZm1 /\+`\,\WngmE V\b\`mf ]`S-W*aSWS Z* -\/ SWS +\Wnj1D \Wn4*B ˙SYSb`S\aE V\b\`my dhSWaq , ob\y jV\W1 , 5=Of -\O /*fE \bY1h*1bB w"V\W* Z*dhSW* Y1Zq d/1Wqbn +\Wnj1 ,ZSY*ZSq WShZ\Yd S4dh1ZSp S ]\Y\-W* YZ1 ]\/-\b\,Sbnaq V /*WnZ1yj1Yd aWd31ZSp , 1eSW1D `1]\/*,*b1WSE ]`\-`*YY* S ]\Wdh1ZZm1 a\O ,1bm d+1/SWS Y1Zq , b\YE hb\ 1-\,* a Wp+\,np 4*+\bSbaq \+\ YZ1 S f\h1bE hb\+m Y\1 aWd31ZS1 , 1eSW1 +mW\ da]1jZmYxD

"   ˚   15 1WnB ]`1/\ab*,Sbn ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZmY aWd3Sb1WqY Lad]`d31aVSY ]*`*YE Z131Z*bmY +`*bnqY S Z14*Yd3ZSY a1ab`*YM a]1gS*WnO Z\1 \+dh1ZS1E V\b\`\1 ]\4,\WSb 1-\,1 S 1-\ \`-*ZS4*gSS , +\Wnj1y Y1`1 Sa]\Wn4\,*bn Sf , aWd31ZSSD Z\-Sf ,m]daVZSO V\, Z*4Z*h*pb aWd3Sbn , a,\1y ab`*Z1E , b1f Y1ab*fE -/1 1abn ‹ +\Wnj*q ]\b`1+Z\abnD 1fE V\Yd Y1Znj1 9> W1bE Y\-db Z*4Z*hSbn 787

,`1Y1ZZmYS a]1gS*WnZmYS ]S\Z1`*YSE hb\+m \ZS Z*hSZ*WS S `*ajS`qWS ]`\]\,1/n , \b/*W1ZZmf `*y\Z*fD `\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abnB /,* Y1aqg*D 1ab\ ]`\,1/1ZSqB ,m+S`*1b eSWS*WC \+mhZ\ ob\ ˛*W *`ab,* SWS ˛*W V\Z-`1aa\,D *V ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1B ]`S-W*j*pbaq ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZm1 aWd3SO b1WS , ,\4`*ab1 \b 67 /\ :9 W1b ,VWphSb1WnZ\E d V\b\`mf f\`\O j11 4/\`\,n1 S V\b\`mY \+ab\qb1Wnab,* ]\4,\Wqpb aWd3Sbn b*YE -/1 ]\b`1+Z\abn +\Wnj1D  ZSf /\W31Z +mbn Z*ab`\yE ,m`*31ZO Zmy , aW\,*fB w \b qI \jWS Y1Zqx LaD :B57 -\/d dV\,\/qkSy a\,1b \/\+`SW \+l1/SZ1ZS1 /,df "V\W , \/Zd P "V\Wd +W*-\,1abZSO V\, *`ab,*D 'b* jV\W* Y\31b \V*4*bnaq +W*-\aW\,1ZS1Y /Wq 1k1 +\Wnj1-\ hSaW* ,1`Zmf ]S\Z1`\,E ,VWph*q Z14*Yd3ZSf a1ab1`D

˚•) "  ˝˚ • " ˙ 1WnB ,m]daVZSV\, Y\-db Z*4Z*hSbn `*4l14/ZmYS Z*/4S`*b1WqO YSE YSaaS\Z1`*YSE aWd3*kSYS , ]\W1E SWS ,1eSWng*YSD ]\WO Z\y Y1`1 ]`SY1Zqq ]\Wdh1ZZm1 4Z*ZSqE ,m]daVZSVS dV`1]Wqpb \`-*ZS4*gSp , ]\W1 S , eSWS*W*fD 788

`\/\W3Sb1WnZ\abnB ]qbn Y1aqg1,D 1ab\ ]`\,1/1ZSqB h1+Zmy g1Zb` b\`\31,\y *jZS L*bb1`O a\ZE jb*b npO•\`VMD *V ]`\ybS \+dh1ZS1B ]`S-W*j*pbaq ad]`d31aVS1 ]*`m S Z1 a\ab\qkS1 , +`*V1 +`*bnq S a1ab`mE d31 dh*ab,dpkS1 , \/Z\Y S4 ,S/\, a]1gS*WnZ\-\ ]\WZ\,`1Y1ZZ\-\ aWd31ZSqD \YSb1b eSO WS*W* Y\31b ]`1/W\3Sbn 4*]\WZSbn 4*q,W1ZS1 Z* \+dh1ZS1 YSaO aS\Z1`*YE Z1 dhS,jSYaq , "V\W1 *W**/E a]1gS*WnZmY ]S\Z1O `*YE `*4l14/ZmY Z*/4S`*b1WqY S Sf 31Z*YE * b*V31 ,1eSWng*YD \/*pkS1 4*q,W1ZS1 /\W3Zm -\,\`Sbn S ]Sa*bn ]\O*Z-WSyaVSD \Wn4*B */o S \ZSV* P ad]`d-S S4 \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b\,E V\O b\`m1 d31 Z1aV\WnV\ W1b aWd3*b , a,\1Y Z*4Z*h1ZSSEP -\,\`qbB w"V\W* *W**/ ]\/-\b\,SW* Z*a V b\YdE hb\+m \b]`*,Sbnaq , Wp+dp b\hVd 41YZ\-\ j*`* S 4*adhS, `dV*,* b`d/Sbnaq ,Y1ab1 a Z*jSYS /\`\-SYS +`*bnqYSx L*/oMD w\-/* q ]`SY1Zqp b\E hb\ d4Z*W* S4 W\,* \-*E b\ Z*f\3d \-`\YZdp `*/\abn , aWd31ZSSD ) ahSb*p obd `*/\abn 1k1 \/ZSY /\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y Wp+,S 1-\,mx L\ZSV*MD

"   ˚   ˝˚) 1WnB \+dhSbn `*4l14/Zmf Z*/4S`*b1W1yE ab*`1yjSZ S aWd31+O Zmf ]\Y\kZSV\, Sa]\WZqbn \+q4*ZZ\abS ]\ Z*/4\`d S /`d-S1 \+q4*ZZ\abS , \`-*ZS4*gSS L˙1qZD 6>B6D *V\,* \/Z* S4 ]`ShSZE ]\ V\b\`mY Ym /1W*1Y /\+`\O ,\WnZm1 ]\31`b,\,*ZSqH 798



  I

]\`*4YmjWqW \ adk1ab,dpkSf ]\b`1+Z\abqf S ]\/dO Y*WE h1Y \Z Y\31b ]\Y\hnD *V\y /*`Sb1Wn /\`\- 1O -\,1E ,1/n w \- Wp+Sb `*/\abZ\-\ /*`Sb1WqxD \/Z\Y ]1`1,\/1 ob\b abSf 4,dhSb b*VB w \- Wp+Sb b1fE Vb\ Wp+Sb /*,*bnxD 55 \O,b\`mfE /1W*q ]\31`b,\,*ZSqE Ym +W*-\/*`SY 1-\,d 4* Z*jS YZ\-\hSaW1ZZm1 +W*-\aW\,1ZSqD +O ad/SY ]`SZgS] S4 \Sa11,* 4*V\Z*E ]\+d3/*pkSy SaaW1/\,*bn a,\1 a1`/g1D L`\hSb*yb1 b\`\4*V\O ZS1 5:B5:E 5;DM `Sf\/q Z* b`S 131-\/Zmf ]`*4/ZSO V*E V*3/my S4`*SWnaVSy Yd3hSZ* /\W31Z +mW ]`SZ\O aSbn w/*`E a\\b,1bab,dpkSy +W*-\aW\,1ZSpxE V\b\`\1 /*W 1Yd 1-\,*D ˛Z*hSbE ]`13/1 h1Y ]\ybS Z* ]`*4/O ZSVE V*3/\Yd Yd3hSZ1 Zd3Z\ +mW\ ]\ahSb*bn a,\S +W*-\aW\,1ZSq S SaaW1/\,*bn a,\1 a1`/g1E hb\+m `1O jSbnE V*V\y /*` +mW +m a*YmY WdhjSY Saf\/q S4 1-\ ,\4Y\3Z\ab1yD \/\+ZmY \+`*4\YE V\-/* Ym `*4YmjO Wq1Y \ YZ\-\hSaW1ZZmf +W*-\aW\,1ZSqfE V\b\`m1 ]\O Wdh*1Y \b 1-\,mE Ym hd,ab,d1Y ]\+d3/1ZS1 ]`SZ1O abS 1Yd a*Ymy WdhjSy /*`E V*V\y b\WnV\ ,\4Y\3Z\ , Z*jSf \+ab\qb1Wnab,*fD `SZ\aSYm1 Z*YS \b ,a1O -\ a1`/g* /*`mE , b\Y hSaW1 Y*b1`S*WnZm1E \b`*3*pb 55D b\ ]\+d3/*1b Z*a ]`SZ\aSbn 1-\,1 a*Ym1 WdhjS1 /*`mH  ˚) ˙˚)˚& &  

799

-Wd+SZd Z*j1y ]`S4Z*b1WnZ\abS 4* +W*-\aW\,1ZSqE S4WS,*1Ym1 Z* Z*a 1-\,\y L6 \`D *4YmjWqq \ -`*Z/S\4Z\y `*+\b1E V\b\`*q ]`\,\O /Sbaq ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 /Wq ,m]\WZ1ZSq 4*/*ZSq ]`\O ]\,1/\,*bn ,1abn \ *`ab,1 S ]\/-\b*,WS,*bn dh1ZSV\,E Ym hd,ab,d1Y ]\+d3/1ZS1 hbSbn 1-\,d wb1Y g1ZZmYxE hb\ d Z*a 1abn L`SbD 7B=E 5>MD ob\ wg1ZZ\1x ,VWph*O pbaq Z*jS eS4Sh1aVS1 S dYab,1ZZm1 a]\a\+Z\abSE * b*V31 Z*j \]mb , aWd31ZSS \-dD 14daW\,Z\E Ym f\O bSY , ]\WZ\y Y1`1 ]`SY1Zqbn ,a1 ob\E dh*ab,dq , /1O W1 *`ab,*D \ Z1 ab\Sb 4*+m,*bn S \ b\YE hb\ , wg1ZO Z\1x ,VWph*pbaq b*V31 Z*jS Y*b1`S*WnZm1 a`1/ab,*D ˙*,*yb1 Z*ab`\SYaq /1W*bn ]\aSWnZm1 ]\31`b,\,*ZSqE V\-/* d Z*a 1abn /Wq ob\-\ ,\4Y\3Z\abnD *V Ym +d/1Y hbSbn 1-\,d S ]\//1`3S,*bn 1aaS*ZaV\1 *`ab,\D 6>D *V ,m Y\31b1 hbSbn 1-\,d wb1Y g1ZZmYxE hb\ d ,*a 1abnH 7:>



  I

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ 1Yd ,*a Y\31b Z*dhSbn ]`SY1` b1fE Vb\ 31`b,\,*W Z* ab`\Sb1Wnab,\ a,qk1ZZ\-\ j*b`* S f`*Y*H ˇ \h1Yd ]\//*ZZm1 *`ab,* \f\bZ\ 31`b,dpb /1Zn-S S /`d-S1 a`1/ab,*E hb\+m ]\//1`3SO ,*bn /1W\ *`ab,*H ˇ *V ,m Y\31b1 ]\//1`3S,*bn /1qb1WnZ\abn *`ab,*H

 ˚) ˙˚)˚& &  

7:5

  ˙ () " ˝˚   ) ˚ ˝˚   ) &˛ () (˚& ˙) ˙˚• ) ˚ ˚   

5 ˛˙˚&) ˙˚)˚&& 4/*ZS1 S `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZS1 ]1h*bZmf S oW1Vb`\ZZmf ]d+WSV*gSy

6 ˚˚  ˚ 1VdkS1 `*af\/mE a\/1`3*ZS1 ˛*W* *`ab,*E `*af\/m ]\ `14\WpgSqY1:

7  ˚&  ˛     5=== ]\ 6>57 -\/ , ab`*Z*f a \-`*ZSh1ZZmYS `1ad`a*YS +mW\ ]\ab`\1Z\ +\W11 6: OY -\/*Y d Z*`\/* 1-\,m +mW\ Z1aV\WnV\ 4*W\, P ]\ab`\1ZZmf SWS \b`1Y\ZbS`\,*ZZmf SYSE Z\ d ZSf Z1 +mW\ ZSV*V\O -\ \bWShSb1WnZ\-\ Z*4,*ZSqD 5=79 -\/d +`*b db1`O e\`/ ]\a1bSW *,*ySE -/1 jW\ ab`\Sb1Wnab,\ 4*W* /Wq ,ab`1hE ]`SYmV*pk1-\ V 4/*ZSp Z\,\-\ eSWS*W*D \-/* +`*b* db1`e\`/* a]`\aSWSE V*V Z*4,*bn ob\b 4*WE \Z \b,1bSWB w*4\,1Y 1-\ t˛*W *`ab,*rD 1/n Z*j1 -W*,Z\1 /1W\ P ]`\]\,1/\,*bn +W*-dp ,1abn \ *`ab,1x L*beD 68B58MD *4,*ZS1 ]`S3SW\anB b*V ab*WS Z*4m,*bn Z1 b\WnV\ b\b 4*WE Z\ S +\WnjSZab,\ 4*W\,E , V\b\`mf ,ab`1h*pbaq a\+`*ZSq Z*`\/* 1-\O ,m ]\ ,a1Yd YS`dD :  5=;>OY -\/*Y ]\b`1+Z\abn , ˛*W*f *`ab,* 4Z*O hSb1WnZ\ ,\4`\aW*D \ob\Yd +`*bnq , \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*b*f `*4`*+\b*WS oee1VbS,Zmy Y1b\/ ab`\Sb1WnO 9D \h1Yd Z*4,*ZS1 w˛*W *`ab,*x ]\/f\/Sb /Wq Z*jSf 4*O W\,H LY\b`Sb1 b*V31 `*YVd w1`V\,n t\,my a,1brxDM :E ;D b\ ab*W\ ,\4Y\3ZmY +W*-\/*`q aV\`\abZ\Yd ab`\SO b1Wnab,d ˛*W\, *`ab,*H  ˚&   ˚ %

7:;

 ˚&   P ˙˚   ˚)(#)  ˚)  ˚˚ `*ajS`1ZSq /1W* ]`\]\,1/S ,1abS \ *`ab,1 , \/Z\y ab`*Z1 4* /`d-\y ab*WS ]\q,Wqbnaq eSWS*WmD 1`O ,my +mW \aZ\,*Z , 1WSV\+`Sb*ZSS , 5=>> -\/dE ,b\O `\y P , 1`Y*ZSS , 5=>7 -\/dE b`1bSy P , ,ab`*WSS , 5=>8 -\/dD \aW* S ]\b`1+Z\abn , WSb1`*bd`1D \ob\Yd ,\4ZSVW* Z1\+f\/SY\abn , ab`\Sb1Wnab,1 bS]\-`*eSyD

/Z* S4 ]1`,mf bS]\-`*eSy 4*ZqW* ,\anYSob*3Z\1 4/*O ZS1 , `dVWSZ1 LnpO•\`VME ]\ab`\1ZZ\1 , 5=6; -\O /dD 6>57 -\/d S+WSSE VZS-S S 3d`Z*Wm ]1h*b*WSan , 59 eSWS*W*fD  a1`1/SZm 5=;>Of ]\ Z*h*W\ 5==>Of -\/\, +mWS ]\O ab`\1Zm eSWS*Wm ]`SY1`Z\ , :> ab`*Z*f S 7> eSWS*W\, +mWS `*ajS`1ZmD /Z*V\ , ]\aW1/ZS1 -\/m h*abn eSO WS*W\, \+l1/SZSWSD b/1WnZm1 ]`ShSZm ob\-\ \+lqaO ZqWSan , w˚31-\/ZSV1 ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mx 4* 6>57 -\/B w W*-\/*`q Z\,1yjSY /\abS31ZSqY , \+W*abS a`1/ab, a,q4S S , ]1h*bZ\Y /1W1E a\V`*bSW\an hSaW\ aWd3SO b1W1y , Z1V\b\`mf V`d]Zmf eSWS*W*fD a,\+\/S,jS1O aq Y1ab* Y\3Z\ +mW\ Sa]\Wn4\,*bn /Wq `*4Y1k1ZSq Z1O V\b\`mf aWd3Sb1W1yE `*Z11 b`d/S,jSfaq , Z1+\WnjSf eSWS*W*f , /`d-Sf ab`*Z*fD 1]1`n , \+l1/SZ1ZZmf eSO WS*W*f -`d]]* \]mbZmf ,S/1b1W1y 4*+\bSbaq \ +S+W1yO aV\y ]`\a,1bSb1WnZ\y `*+\b1xD 7:
`1-S\O Z*WnZmf ab`\Sb1WnZmf V\YSb1b\,15D  5==6 -\/d  +mWS a\4/*Zm , ,ab`*WSSE `-1ZbSZ1E 1`Y*O ZSSE a]*ZSSE 1VaSV1E `*ZgSSE ( S /`d-Sf ab`*Z*fD 14daW\,Z\E +`*bnqE V\b\`m1 da1`/Z\ b`d/qbO aq Z* ab`\Sb1Wnab,1 ˛*W\, *`ab,* S ˛*W\, V\Z-`1aO a\,E 4*aWd3S,*pb Z*j1y ]\//1`3VSE ]\aV\WnVd Sf b`d/ P h*abn a,qk1ZZ\-\ aWd31ZSq 1-\,1D ;

W*-\/*`q ˛*W*Y *`ab,*E ]\ab`\1ZZmY aV\`\abO ZmY Y1b\/\YE +mW\ /*Z\ ]`1V`*aZ\1 a,S/1b1Wnab,\ Wp/qYE 3S,dkSY ]\ a\a1/ab,dD *]`SY1`E , \/O Z\y Sa]*ZaV\y -*41b1 +mW* Z*]1h*b*Z* ab*bnq w 1`* 15 \ a\ab\qZSp Z* 6>57 -\/ , " /1yab,\,*W\ 576 E /Wq a\b`d/ZSh1ab,* a V\b\`mYS +mW\ \/\+`1Z\ +\W11 67> >>> /\+`\O ,\Wng1,D *3/my -\/ obS V\YSb1bm V\\`/SZS`\,*WS ab`\Sb1Wnab,\ ]`SY1`Z\ ;9 ˛*W\, *`ab,* S ]\Y\-*WS ,\aab*Z*,WS,*bn S `1Y\ZbSO `\,*bn ]`SY1`Z\ =>> ˛*W\,D  ˚&   ˚ %

7:=

]1`1/,S-*1b -\`mxE ]\a,qk1ZZ*q ab`\Sb1Wnab,d ˛*W* *`ab,* , -\`\/1 *`b\aD Z1y 4*/*,*Waq ,\]`\aB w*V ,\4Y\3Z\E hb\+m , ]`\]Sb*ZZ\Y o-\S4Y\Y YSO `1 /\+`\,\Wngm S4 `*4Zmf `*y\Z\, a]*ZSS +1aV\O `mabZ\ ]`S1f*WS , *`b\aE hb\+mE ]\+S, ,a1 `1V\`O /m aV\`\abSE V*h1ab,* S \`-*ZS4\,*ZZ\abSE ]\ab`\O Sbn 4/*ZS1Hx V*h1ab,1 \b,1b* Z* ob\b ,\]`\a -*41b* ]`\gSbS`\,*W* aW\,* \/Z\-\ S4 /\+`\,\Wng1,B w a1 /1W\ , b\YE hb\ Ym P Z*`\/E \+dh1ZZmy 1-\,\yxD

b`\Sb1Wnab,\ , ab`*Z*f a \-`*ZSh1ZZmYS `1ad`a*YS < V\Zg1 XX ,1V* Z*h*Waq +d`Zmy `\ab hSaW* ,SO /1b1W1y , ab`*Z*f a \-`*ZSh1ZZmYS `1ad`a*YSD \O +`*ZSq , obSf ab`*Z*f , Y1`d a,\Sf ,\4Y\3Z\ab1y ab*`*WSan ab`\Sbn 4*Wm /Wq ,ab`1hD \ , Z1V\b\`mf Y1ab*f \ZS ab*WVS,*WSan a Z*aY1jV*YS S ]`1/d+13O /1ZS1YE b*V V*V Sf ˛*Wm *`ab,* ,m-Wq/1WS aWSjO V\Y ]`\ab\ ]\ a`*,Z1ZSp a /`d-SYS `1WS-S\4ZmO YS 4/*ZSqYSD 5=== -\/d dV\,\/qkSy a\,1b \/\O +`SW ]`\-`*YYd ]\ daV\`1ZSp ab`\Sb1Wnab,* ˛*W\, *`ab,* , `*4,S,*pkSfaq ab`*Z*fD w b\+m +mW* `*,O Z\Y1`Z\abnxE +mW\ `1j1Z\ Sa]\Wn4\,*bn a`1/ab,*E



  I

SY1pkS1aq , ]`\g,1b*pkSf ab`*Z*fD L`\hSb*yb1 6 \`SZeqZ*Y >5 -\/dE -\O ,\`SW\anE hb\ , > ˛*W\, *`ab,*D /Z*V\ a ]\//1`3V\y \3n1-\ /df* S Z*j1-\ *`q Sada* `SO ab* ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\ L*beD 5=B6:MD `SY1`Z\ 4* 59 W1bE , ]1`S\/ a 5=== ]\ 6>57 -\/E Z*`\/ \-* ]\ab`\SW , `*YV*f ob\y ]`\-`*YYm 6: 57 -\/ , b1f ab`*Z*f ,a1 1k1 b`1+\,*W\an ]\ab`\Sbn \V\W\ : 9>> ˛*W\, *`ab,*D `\Y1 b\-\E 131-\/Z\ ,\4ZSV*1b ]\b`1+Z\abn , a\bO Zqf Z\,mf ˛*W\,D 5> *VSY \+`*4\Y ab`\Sb1Wnab,\ ˛*W\, *`ab,* ]`SZ\aSb aW*,d SY1ZS 1-\,mH \bh1b1 eSWS*W* , ˛SY+*+,1 -\,\`SW\anB w b1h1ZS1 Y1aqg* ]\aW1 16 ob\ hSaW\ Z1 ,f\/qb YZ\-\hSaW1ZZm1 ˛*Wm *`ab,*E ]\ab`\O 1ZZm1 , ab`*Z*fE Z1 dh*ab,dpkSf , /*ZZ\y ]`\-`*YY1D

=D *V*q 4*/*h* V*4*W*an Z1,m]\WZSY\yE Z\ hb\ +mW\ /\O abS-Zdb\H 5>P56D *VSY \+`*4\Y ab`\Sb1Wnab,\ ˛*W\, *`ab,* ]`SZ\O aSb aW*,d SY1ZS 1-\,mH  ˚&   ˚ %

7;5

]\q,W1ZSq Z\,\-\ ˛*W* *`ab,* hSaW\ Wp/1yE ]\a1O k*pkSf ,ab`1hSE \+mhZ\ d/,*S,*1baqxD *31baqE hb\ ,\ YZ\-Sf ab`*Z*f Z*+Wp/*1baq 4*V\Z\Y1`Z\abnB 1aO WS d ,S/1b1W1y Z1b ]\/f\/qk1-\ 4/*ZSq /Wq ]\O VW\Z1ZSqE Wp/S \+k*pbaq a ZSYS Z1\f\bZ\D /Z*V\E V\-/* d ZSf ]\q,Wq1baq ˛*W *`ab,*E Z* ,ab`1hS Z*hSO Z*1b ]`Sf\/Sbn b*V YZ\-\ Wp/1yE hb\ ,\4ZSV*1b ]\O b`1+Z\abn 1k1 , \/Z\YD \ V 1-\,1 Wp/1y ]`S,W1O V*1b Z1 ]`\ab\ V`*aS,\1 4/*ZS1D * YZ1ZS1 Wp/1y \

\3n1y \`-*ZS4*gSS ,WSq1b b*V31 SabSZZ*q f`SabSO *ZaV*q Wp+\,nE V\b\`dp ]`\q,Wqpb b1E Vb\ dh*ab,d1b , ab`\Sb1Wnab,1D \b Z1aV\WnV\ ]`SY1`\,D 55 Z/\Z14SqD \-/* \/SZ Yd3hSZ*E Z*+Wp/*,jSy 4* ab`\Sb1Wnab,\Y ˛*W* *`ab,*E d4Z*WE hb\ ,a1E Vb\ b*Y `*+\b*1bEP /\+`\,\WngmE \Z ,\aVWSVZdWB w m d/S,Sb1WnZm1 Wp/SI ) ,S3dE hb\ V*3/my S4 ,*a `*+\O b*1b \b ,a1y /djSD m b`d/Sb1an a `*/\abnpE f\bq S Z1 ]\Wdh*1b1 /1Z1-D ) /dY*pE hb\ Z1b /`d-\y `1WS-SSE ]\/\+Z\y ,*j1yIx 56

V`*SZ*D ˝1ZkSZ*E ]`\f\/S,j*q V*3/my /1Zn YSY\ Z*j1y ab`\y]W\k*/VSE ]`SjW* V ,m,\/dE hb\ b*Y `*+\b*WS ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m S hb\ ab`\SWS \ZS ˛*W *`ab,*D Z* ]\/1WSW*anB wZ1 `*aaV*4m,*W* \ 7;6



  I

,S/1b1Wqf 1-\,m Y\q a1ab`*E V\b\`*q a*Y* ab*W* \/Z\y S4 ZSfD *+Wp/*q 4* ab`\Sb1Wnab,\YE q b\31 4*f\b1W* ab*bn h*abnp ob\y /df\,Z\y a1YnSD ˛/1an q ,S3d Wp+\,n Z* /1W1xD Z* Z*h*W* S4dh*bn S+WSp S , 6>5> -\/d V`1abSW*anD 57 `-1ZbSZ*D  +`*bdE \b,1h*,j1Yd 4* ab`\Sb1WnO ab,\ ˛*W* *`ab,*E ]\/\jW* ad]`d31aV*q ]*`*D d3 aV*4*WB wm ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ Z*+Wp/*WS 4* b1YE V*V ,m `*+\b*1b1E SDDD 4*f\b1WS d4Z*,*bn \ \-1 , ob\Y Y1O ab1xD Z a]`\aSWB w b\ Z*Y Zd3Z\ a/1W*bnE hb\+m Z*Y `*4`1jSWS ]`Sf\/Sbn ap/* Z* ,ab`1hSHx d]`d-S a\O -W*aSWSan Z* S4dh1ZS1 S+WSSE Z\ ]`S daW\,SSE hb\ S4dh*bn +d/db a\ ,a1y Sf a1Yn1yD `*bnq a `*/\abnp ]`SZqWS Sf daW\,S1D 58 \4Y\3Z\E ,*Y Z1 /\,1W\an ]\dh*ab,\,*bn , ab`\Sb1Wnab,1 ,*j1-\ ˛*W* *`ab,*E Z\ ,m Y\31b1 /1O W*bn YZ\-\1E hb\+m ob\ Y1ab\ /Wq ]\VW\Z1ZSq ]`SO Z\aSW\ h1abn SY1ZS 1-\,mD *]`SY1`E ,m Y\31b1 a1`/1hZ\ ]`S-W*j*bn Z* ,ab`1hS b1fE a V1Y S4dh*1O b1 S+WSpE b1fE V\-\ ]\a1k*1b1 ]\,b\`Z\E S /`d-Sf 57E 58D *M 1Yd ,m dhSb1an S4 aWdh*q a \/Z\y ad]`d31aV\y ]*`\yE Z*+Wp/*,j1y 4* ab`\Sb1Wnab,\Y ˛*W* *`ab,*H +M b\ ,m Y\31b1 /1W*bnE hb\+m ,*j1 Y1ab\ /Wq ]\VW\Z1ZSq ]`SZ\aSW\ h1abn SY1ZS 1-\,mH  ˚&   ˚ %

7;7

Wp/1yD  ,*a b*V31 1abn ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]\Y\-*bn , d+\`V1 S \+aWd3S,*ZSS ˛*W* *`ab,*D `\Y1 b\-\E ,m Y\31b1 \bVW*/m,*bn a`1/ab,*E hb\+m 31`b,\,*bn Z* a\/1`3*ZS1 a,\1-\ ˛*W* *`ab,* S Z* ab`\Sb1WnO ab,\ 4*W\, ,\ ,a1Y YS`1D L`\hSb*yb1 5 \`SZeqO Z*Y 5:B6DM a1 ob\ ]`\aW*,Wq1b SYq 1-\,mD

`d31ZSVSE V\b\`m1 a -\b\,Z\abnp ]`1/\ab*,Wqpb a1+q 59

\Wnjdp h*abn `*+\bmE a,q4*ZZ\y a\ ab`\Sb1WnO ab,\Y ˛*W\, *`ab,*E ˛*W\, V\Z-`1aa\, S 4/*ZSy eSO WS*W\,E ,m]\WZqpb Y1abZm1 +`*bnq S a1ab`mD /Z*V\ h*ab\ SY ]\Y\-*pb +`*bnq S a1ab`m S4 /`d-Sf ab`*ZE SY1pkS1 \]mb , ab`\Sb1Wnab,1D 1V\b\`m1 S4 obSf /\+`\,\Wng1, dab`\SWS a,\S /1W* b*VE hb\+m d ZSf +mW* ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]\`*+\b*bn Z* ab`\yV1 a a\,1`dpO kSYS S4 `*4Zmf ab`*Z Z1aV\WnV\ Z1/1WnD ˙`d-S1 dh*O ab,dpb , ab`\Sb1WnZmf `*+\b*f -\/*YSE ]1`1143*q a \/Z\y ab`\yVS Z* /`d-dpD 5: h*abS1 , Y13/dZ*`\/Z\y ab`\Sb1WnZ\y ]`\O -`*YY1 a,q4*Z\ a \a\+mYS b`d/Z\abqYSE Z\ ,Y1ab1 a 59P5;D *M b\ ,m]\WZq1b +\Wnjdp h*abn `*+\bmE a,q4*ZZ\y a\ ab`\Sb1Wnab,\YH +M b\ ,m d4Z*WS S4 ,maV*4m,*ZSy adO ]`d31aVSf ]*`E dh*ab,dpkSf , Y13/dZ*`\/Z\y ab`\Sb1WnO Z\y ]`\-`*YY1H 7;8



  I

b1Y ]`SZ\aSb +\WnjS1 +W*-\aW\,1ZSqD *]`SY1`E SO Y\ S SZ* dh*ab,\,*WS , ab`\Sb1Wnab,1 ˛*W\, *`O ab,*E ˛*W\, V\Z-`1aa\, S eSWS*W\, , `*4Zmf ab`*O Z*f 4SSE ˚,`\]m S (3Z\y Y1`SVSD SY\ -\,\`SbB w b1h1ZS1 ]\aW1/ZSf 7> W1b Y\1 Z*4Z*h1ZS1 Y1ZqO W\an , a`1/Z1Y V*3/m1 /,* -\/*xD SZ*E V\b\`*q 4*O Yd31Y 4* SY\ 69 W1bE -\,\`SbB w) aWd3SW* a SY\ , /1aqbS ab`*Z*fD `1+d1baq YZ\-\ ,`1Y1ZS S aSWE hb\O +m ]`S,mVZdbn V Z\,\y 1/1E VWSY*bdE q4mVdE b1``Sb\O `SS /Wq ]`\]\,1/S S Z*ybS Z\,mf /`d41yx17D b\Sb WS ]`SW*-*bn ab\WnV\ daSWSyH SZ* \b,1h*1bB w`d/O Z\abS \+\`*hS,*pbaq \-`\YZmYS +W*-\aW\,1ZSqYSD m Z* a1+1 ]\hd,ab,\,*WSE hb\ b*V\1 f`SabS*ZaV*q Wp+\,n S -\ab1]`SSYab,\E S d,S/1WSE V*V Z13Z\ 1O -\,* \ Z*a 4*+\bSbaqD * Z*a Sa]\WZSW\an \+1k*ZS1 Sada*E 4*]Sa*ZZ\1 , *`V* 5>B6=E 7>D  Z*a ]\q,SO W\an , ab\ `*4 +\Wnj1 /df\,Zmf +`*bn1,E a1ab1` S Y*O b1`1yxD SY\ /\+*,Wq1bB wm Sa]mbm,*1Y -Wd+\V\1 d/\,W1b,\`1ZS1E \bb\-\ hb\ Sa]\Wn4d1Y Z*jS Z*,mVS /Wq +W*-\`\/Z1yj1y g1WS P /Wq ]`SdYZ\31ZSq SYdO k1ab,* *`qxD 17 \bq aWd3Sb1WS Y13/dZ*`\/Z\y ]`\-`*YYm S /\+`\,\Wngm ‹ +\Wnjdp h*abn ,`1Y1ZS b`d/qbaq Z* ab`\yV1E \ZS b*V31 a\b`d/ZSO h*pb a Y1abZmYS a\+`*ZSqYSE ]`\]\,1/dq ]\ ,1h1`*Y S , ,mf\/Zm1 /ZSD  ˚&   ˚ %

7;9

5;

˙*``1Z S *`*E dh*ab,\,*,jS1 , ab`\Sb1WnZmf `*+\b*f , 4SSE e`SV1E ˚,`\]1E 1Zb`*WnZ\y S (3O Z\y Y1`SV1E * b*V31 Z* \ab`\,*f , p3Z\y h*abS SO f\-\ \V1*Z*E ahSb*pbE hb\ ]\Wdh1ZZm1 SYS +W*-\aW\O ,1ZSq ]1`1,1jS,*pb ,a1 Sf 31`b,mD \bq d ZSf +mW\ YZ\-\ b`d/Z\ab1yE ˙*``1Z -\,\`SbB w˙Wq Z*a +\Wnj*q h1abn b`d/Sbnaq a +`*bnqYS S4 `*4Zmf h*ab1y YS`*D ) d+1/SWaqE hb\ Wp+\,n V 1-\,1E aW\,Z\ Z1,S/SY*q ZSbnE a,q4m,*1b ,a1f 1-\ aWd3Sb1W1y ]\ ,a1Yd 41YZ\O Yd j*`dxD *`* /1WSbaqB w) YZ\-\Yd Z*dhSW*an d +`*O bn1, S a1ab1` `*4Zmf VdWnbd`I \-/* q ,S3dE Z* V*VS1 31`b,m \ZS S/dbE hb\+m aWd3Sbn 1-\,1E q b\31 f\O hd \b/*,*bn 1-\,1 a*Y\1 Wdhj11xD 5< *`n ˙*,S/ ,maV*4*W ]`\`\h1ab,\E hb\E f\bq ]\//*ZZm1 *`ab,* \-* +d/db ab*WVS,*bnaq a b`d/O Z\abqYSE \ZS a -\b\,Z\abnp ]`1/\ab*,qb a1+q /Wq aWd31ZSq SZb1`1a*Y *`ab,*D L`\hSb*yb1 a*W\Y 55>B5P7DM Sa]\WZ1ZSS obSf ]`\`\h1aVSf aW\, dh*O ab,dpb ,a1E Vb\ a,\SY b`d/\Y ]\//1`3S,*1b /1W\ *`ab,* L5 \`D 7B=MD Z\-\hSaW1ZZm1 4/*ZSq eSWSO *W\,E a\bZS ˛*W\, V\Z-`1aa\, S /1aqbVS bmaqh ˛*O W\, *`ab,* ]\ ,a1Yd YS`d aWd3*b \h1,S/ZmY /\V*O 5B5P7E Sa]\WO Zq1baq a1-\/ZqH 7;:



  I

4*b1Wnab,\Y b\-\E hb\ *`ab,\ \-* `1*WnZ\ S hb\ \Z\ ]`*,SbD ˙Wq Z*a \-`\YZ*q h1abn aWd3Sbn *`p Sadad `SabdE 4*ZSY*qan /1W\YE ]`SZ\aqkSY 1-\O ,1 aW*,dE V\b\`\y \Z /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ /\ab\SZI

1*WnZ\ WS *`ab,\ /Wq ,*aH ˇ \h1Yd Ym ab`\SY 4/*ZSq /Wq ]\VW\Z1ZSq S eSWS*WmH ˇ *VSY \+`*4\Y Z*jS ab`\Sb1WnZm1 `*+\bm ]`\aW*,Wqpb 1-\,dH ˇ *V ,m Y\31b1 ]\//1`3S,*bn ab`\Sb1Wnab,\ S \+aWd3S,*ZS1 4/*ZSy /Wq ]\VW\Z1ZSqH

 ˚&   ˚ %

7;;

6>

Wd31ZS1 ]\ \V*4*ZSp ]\Y\kS

˚  %

*V f`SabS*ZaV*q Wp+\,n ]`\q,Wq1baq ,\ ,`1Yq +1/ab,Sy

˚ , 8: -\/d ZD oD , d/11 `*4`*4SWaq -\W\/D 1O Zm Z* ]`\/dVbm ]\/ZqWSan Z*ab\WnV\E hb\ 3S,jS1 b*Y dh1ZSVS `Sab* Z1 Y\-WS ]\4,\WSbn a1+1 Vd]Sbn f\bn Z1O YZ\-\ 41`Z*D Y -`\4SW* -\W\/Z*q aY1`bnD /Z*V\ ,aV\O `1 1-\,* ]\4*+\bSWaq \ ZSf b*VE V*V Z1 4*+\bSWaq 1k1 ZS \ V\Y S4 dh1ZSV\, `Sab*D b\ 31 ]`\S4\jW\H 6 ˙,S3SYm1 a\ab`*/*ZS1Y V f`SabS*Z*YO1,`1qY , 1`da*WSY1 S d/11E f`SabS*Z1 S4 1,`11, S /`d-Sf Z*O `\/\,E 3S,jS1 , ZbS\fSS LS`SqME a\+`*WS /Wq ZSf a`1/ab,*D ˛*b1Y \ZS ]\`dhSWS /,dY \b,1bab,1ZZmY +`*bnqYE *`Z*,1 S *,WdE /\ab*,Sbn obS a`1/ab,* ab*`1yjSZ*Y S1`da*WSYaV\-\ a\+`*ZSqD L`\hSb*yO b1 ˙1qZSq 55B6;P7>C 56B69DM `1/ab*,nb1E V*V `*aO b`\-*W\ f`SabS*Z , d/11 b*V\1 ]`\q,W1ZS1 Wp+,S a\ ab\`\Zm Sf +`*bn1, , ZbS\fSSI 5E 6D *M V*V\Y ]\W\31ZSS \V*4*WSan f`SabS*Z1 , d/11H +M *V a\,1`dpkS1 ]`\q,SWS Wp+\,n V f`SabS*Z*Y , d/11H 7;
MD

7D *M *V Z*`\/ \-* , Z*jS /ZS aW1/d1b ]`SY1`d ]1`,mf f`SabS*Z S4 ZbS\fSSH `S,1/Sb1 ]`SY1`D LY\b`Sb1 b*V31 `*YVd w1`,*q Y*ajb*+Z*q V*Y]*ZSq ]\ \V*4*ZSp ]\Y\kS , Z*jS /ZSxDM +M *VS1 ,\]`\am Ym `*aaY\b`SY , ob\y -W*,1H 8D b\ *,1W Z*]Sa*W V\`SZeqZ*Y \ f`SabS*ZaV\Y aWd31ZSSH ˝˚˚  ˛(   #

7;=

\+`*k*Waq V ]\Y*4*ZZmY f`SabS*Z*YE a1-\/Zq 1-\ aW\,* ]`SY1ZSYm S V w/`d-SY \,g*Yx `Sab* L\*ZD 5>B5:MD /Z* -`*Zn Z*j1-\ aWd31ZSq P ob\ waWd31ZS1 ]`SYS`1ZSqxE b\ 1abn /1W\ ]`\]\,1/S S \+dh1ZSq L6 \`D 9B5C 5 SYD 6B7P:MD ˙`d-*q -`*Zn P ob\ aWd31ZS1E V\b\`\1 Ym a\,1`j*1Y Z* +W*-\ a\,1`dpO kSfD *,1W Z*4m,*1b 1-\ waWd31ZS1YE d-\b\,*ZZmY a,qbmYxE b\ 1abn aWd31ZS1Y ]\ \V*4*ZSp ]\Y\kS a,qO bmY L6 \`D Of -\/\,D Z1y b*V31 a\/1`3Sbaq V*`b*E V\b\`*q ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ Ym /1W*1Y ob\ ,\ ,a1Y YS`1D w `*bnqE aWd3*kS1 , V\YSb1b*f ]\ \V*4*ZSp ]\O Y\kS , h`14,mh*yZmf aSbd*gSqfE Sa]\Wn4dpb obd +`\jp`dE hb\+m 4*`*Z11 Z*W*3S,*bn V\Zb*Vbm a hSZ\,ZSV*YS , `*y\O Z*fE ]\/,1`31ZZmf abSfSyZmY +1/ab,SqYEP \+lqaZq1b ab*O `1yjSZ*E V\b\`my 4*ZSY*1baq \`-*ZS4*gS1y ]\Y\kSDP ˚aO WS hSZ\,ZSVS 4Z*V\Ym a Z*jSYS /1yab,SqYS ]\ \V*4*ZSp ]\Y\kSE b\ , aWdh*1 V*b*ab`\em Z*Y W1-h1 ]\WdhSbn d ZSf `*4`1j1ZSqE Z1\+f\/SYm1 /Wq /\abd]* , 4\Zd +1/ab,SqxD

gdZ*YS d Z11 \ab*WSan WSjn \/13/* S \+d,nE V\b\O `m1 +mWS Z* Z1yD Z* Z1 4Z*W*E hb\ /1W*bnD /SZ ab*O `1yjSZ* aV*4*W 1yE hb\ \h1`1/Z*q ,ab`1h* a\+`*ZSq  a\ab\SbaqDDD , 1-\ Y*jSZ1D S1V\ -\,\`SbB w Y*jSO Z1 `*4Y1abSWSan ab*`1yjSZ*E 1-\ 31Z*E 1k1 \/Z* a1O ab`* S qD ab`1h* +mW* \h1Zn ]`\ab\yE Z\ hb\ d/SO ,Sb1WnZ\E q ZS `*4d Z1 ,a]\YZSW* \ gdZ*YSD ) \kdO bSW* /dj1,Zmy ]\V\yD ab`1h* ]\V*4*W* YZ1E V*V\y aSW\y \+W*/*1b f`SabS*ZaV\1 \+k1ZS1xD ˚k1 \/Z* ˝˚˚  ˛(   #

7



  I

'  ˚˙˚ ˚  ˝˛˚%•  &  dh*abS1 , \V*4*ZSS ]\Y\kS Y\31b ]\,WSqbn Z* Y\W\O /mf f`SabS*ZH \b hb\ ,a]\YSZ*1b Sb1` ˙3\Za\ZE V\b\O `my ,]1`,m1 ]`SZqW dh*abS1 , ob\y `*+\b1 , 5< W1bB w1O Zq /\ -Wd+SZm /djS b`\ZdW* +W*-\/*`Z\abn +`*bn1,D *VO 31 q Sa]mbm,*W `*/\abn \bb\-\E hb\ q hb\Ob\ /*p /`d-SYD 'b\ dV`1]SW\ ,\ YZ1 31W*ZS1 `*a]\`q/Sbnaq 3S4Znp b*VE hb\+m ]\ Y*VaSYdYd \b/*,*bn a1+q aWd31ZSp 1-\,1xD \aO W1 ob\-\ Sb1` Z*h*W ]S\Z1`aV\1 aWd31ZS1D \b\Y \Z aWdO 3SW , 1eSW1E * ]\4/Z11 ab*W hW1Z\Y `1-S\Z*WnZ\-\ ab`\O Sb1WnZ\-\ V\YSb1b*D wh*abS1 , \V*4*ZSS ]\Y\kS b\-/*E , 5=;8 -\/dEP -\,\`Sb Sb1`EP \]`1/1WSW\ Y\y 3S4Z1ZZmy ]dbnxD ˚aWS ,m Y\W\/mE ]\h1Yd +m Z1 ]\aW1/\,*bn ]`SY1O `d Sb1`*H b\ 4Z*1bE Y\31b +mbnE dh*abS1 , `*+\b*f ]\ \V*O 4*ZSp ]\Y\kS \]`1/1WSb S ,*j ]dbn , aWd31ZSS 1-\,1D

W\ Y1Zq a +`*bnqYS b*VE V*V ZSV\-/* `*Znj1xEP aV*4*W \/SZ ab*`1yjSZ*E ]\Y\-*,jSy , dab`*Z1ZSS ]\aW1/O ab,Sy Z*,\/Z1ZSqD 1ab`*E V\b\`*q +mW* \h1Zn +W*-\O /*`Z* 4* ]\Y\knE aV*4*W*B w*j1 +`*bab,\ P ob\ h*O abShV* *qxD L`\hSb*yb1 `SbhS 5;B5;DM 5; \-/* /\+`\,\Wngm ]`S+m,*pb , 4\Zd abSfSyZ\O -\ +1/ab,SqE ]\ab`*/*,jS1 +`*bnq \a\+mY \+`*4\Y 5;D *M *V a,q4*Zm a \V*4*ZS1Y ]\Y\kS aW\,* S4 a*SS 85B57H +M `S,1/Sb1 ]`SY1`m b\-\E V*V \V*4*ZS1 ]\Y\kS ]`\aW*,Wq1b 1-\,d S dV`1]Wq1b Z*jS d4m 1/SZab,*D LY\bO `Sb1 b*V31 `*YVd w˙\+`\,\Wngm ]\Y\-*pb ,\ ,a1Y YS`1xDM ˝˚˚  ˛(   #

7=5

d+13/*pbaq , SabSZZ\abS \3n1-\ 4*,1`1ZSqB w)E b,\y \- 1-\,*E /1`3d b1+q 4* ]`*,dp `dVd S -\,\O `pB t1 +\yaqE q ]\Y\-d b1+1rx LaD 85B57MD 1ab`*E ]1`13S,j*q +1/ab,S1E aV*4*W*B wWq/q Z* `*4`dj1ZSqE q hd,ab,\,*W* ]\WZdp +14Z*/13Z\abnE Z\ 1-\,* ]`\O bqZdW YZ1 `dVdD \Y\knE V\b\`dp YZ1 \V*4*WS +`*O bnqE Z1\g1ZSY*xD \aW1 41YW1b`qa1ZSq /,\1 ab*`1yO jSZ Z*]Sa*WS \b SY1ZS a,\Sf a\+`*ZSyB w˛1YW1b`qa1O ZS1 ]`SZ1aW\ YZ\-\ -\`qE Z\ Ym d,S/1WSE V*V 1-\,* ]\Y\-*1b h1`14 +`*bn1,D *Znj1 Ym b\WnV\ hSb*WS \ b\YE V*V \V*4m,*1baq b*V*q ]\Y\knE * b1]1`n \kdbSO WS 11 Z* a1+1xD

\31b1 WS ]\Y\hn ,mH 5< \b1WS +m ,m Sa]mb*bn `*/\abn \b dh*abSq , \V*O 4*ZSS ]\Y\kSH ˚aWS /*E b\ ab\Sb ]\YZSbnE hb\ /\O +`\,\Wng1, /Wq ob\-\ h*ab\ ,m+S`*pb S4 hSaW* b1fE Vb\ b`d/Sbaq Z* ab`\Sb1Wnab,1 ˛*W\, *`ab,*D \ob\O Yd aV*3Sb1 ab*`1yjSZ*Y a,\1-\ a\+`*ZSqE hb\ f\bSb1 ]\/*bn 4*q,W1ZS1 Z* b*V\1 aWd31ZS1D `\Y1 b\-\E ab\O Sb ]`SaWdj*bnaq V aW\,*Y ab*`1yjSZmE V\b\`my /\WO -\1 ,`1Yq dh*ab,d1b , \V*4*ZSS ]\Y\kSD Z -\,\`SbB w b]`*,Wqyb1an , 4\Zd +1/ab,Sq b\WnV\ ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V 556 -\/d , S-1`SS , `14dWnb*b1 *,*`SS Z* /\`\-1 ]\-S+W\ 57 ,S/1b1W1y S4 \/Z\-\ Y*O W1ZnV\-\ a\+`*ZSq S 98 h1W\,1V* ]\WdhSWS a1`n14Zm1 b`*,YmD ˙Wq V*3/\-\ ]\ab`*/*,j1-\ V\YSb1b ]\ \V*4*O ZSp ]\Y\kS \`-*ZS4\,*W V`d-W\adb\hZ\1 /13d`ab,\ , +\WnZSg1D S/qE V*V\y 4*+\b\y \V`d31Zm `*Z1Zm1 +`*O bnq S a1ab`mE \/Z* ]*gS1ZbV* ]\4,\ZSW* a,\1Yd ]*ab\O `d S aV*4*W*B wSVb\ S4 Z*j1y g1`V,S Z1 Z*,1abSW Y1ZqD `S/Sb1 , +\WnZSgdE ]\aY\b`Sb1 Z* ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mE S ,m ]\yY1b1E hb\ b*V\1 Z*ab\qk*q Wp+\,nIx \bq Z*jS /\`\-S1 +`*bnq , b\Y a\+`*ZSS Sa]mb*WS -\`1hn db`*bmE Wp+\,n a\,1`dpkSf ]\aWd3SW* /Wq ZSf +\WnjSY db1j1ZS1YD `\Y1 b\-\E d,S/1,E a V*V\y b1]O W\b\y S Wp+\,np /\+`\,\Wngm 4*+\bSWSan \ ]\ab`*/*,O jSfE Z1aV\WnV\ h1W\,1V , b\Y a\+`*ZSS ab*WS aWd3Sbn +\W11 `1,Z\abZ\D ˙\ b\-\ Z1ah*abZ\-\ aWdh*q , a\+`*O ZSS +mW\ 79 ,\4,1k*b1W1yE * a]dabq -\/ Sf hSaW\ ,mO `\aW\ /\ :>D

  ) 6>57 -\/d h*abn ]\+1`13nq , jb*b1 ,SZaW1Z/ \V*4*O W*an 4*b\]W1ZZ\y , `14dWnb*b1 Z*,\/Z1ZSq S ;> ,S/1b1O W1y WSjSWSan /\Y\,D d]`d-S *`V S \Z/* a\ a,\1y /\O h1`np \ab*,SWS 4*b\]W1ZZmy /\Y S /\+`*WSan /\ o,*VdO *gS\ZZ\-\ g1Zb`*D w*Y +mW\ ab\WnV\ Wp/1yE hb\ q+W\Vd Z1-/1 +mW\ d]*abnxEP ,a]\YSZ*1b \Z/*D 1]\/*W1Vd 7=9

]\ab\qZZ\ ]`S41YWqWSan S ,4W1b*WS ,1`b\W1bmE S a\4O /*,*1Ymy SYS \-Wdj*pkSy jdY b\WnV\ dad-d+WqW Z*O ]`q31ZZ\abn , g1Zb`1D \bh*qZSS \Z/* a]`\aSW* YdO 3*B w b\ 31 Z*Y /1W*bnHx *`V -\`qh\ ]\Y\WSWaq 1-\O ,1 \ ]\Y\kSD w]dabq ]`SY1`Z\ ]\Wh*a*EP ]`\/\W3*1b \Z/*EP V g1Zb`d ]\/l1f*W* Y*jSZ*E S4 V\b\`\y ,mO jWS b`\1 +`*bn1,D ,S/1, Z*aE \ZS aV*4*WSB t\y/1Yb1E Ym 4*+1`1Y ,*a a a\+\yD m ]\3S,1b1 , /\Y1 d \/Z\O -\ +`*b*rxD \Z/* -\,\`SbB w`d/Z\ \]Sa*bn ]1`1]\WZS,O j11 Z*a hd,ab,\ +W*-\/*`Z\abS 4* Wp+\,n S 4*+\bdE V\O b\`dp ]`\q,SW* V Z*Y \`-*ZS4*gSq 1-\,mxD * ]\Y\kn +`*bnqY , 4\Zd +1/ab,Sq ]\a]1jSWS +\O W11 69> /\+`\,\Wng1,D /SZ ]\3SW\y +`*b aV*4*WB w bO Vd/* ZS ,\4nYSan ]\q,SWSan ,S/1b1WS S ab*WS b`d/SbnO aqE V*V Yd`*,nSE ]`S,\/q , ]\`q/\V Z*j /\YD m a 31O Z\y ZSV\-/* Z1 4*+d/1YE V*V \ZS Z*Y ]\Y\-WSxD

 ˛) 6>>< -\/d , jb*b1 *Zb*O*b*`SZ* S4O4* \]\W4Z1y S Z*,\/Z1ZSq \V\W\ >>> h1W\,1V +mWS ,mZd3/1Zm ]\O VSZdbn a,\S /\Y*D w'b\ +mW\ ]\f\31 Z* gdZ*YS S4 -WSO ZmE -`q4S S /1`1,n1,xEP aV*4*W \/SZ \h1,S/1gD 1V\b\O `m1 +`*bnq dV`mWSan , ˛*W1 V\Z-`1aa\,D w ZS d+13*WS S4 a,\Sf /\Y\, , h1Y +mWSE /* S ob* \/13/* +mW* ]`\O ]Sb*Z* -`q4npxEP ,a]\YSZ*1b *`aSdE aY\b`Sb1Wn ˛*O W*D /Z* a1ab`* -\,\`SbB w*j /\Y `dfZdW S Sah14 , ahSO b*ZZm1 a1VdZ/mD 'b\ ]`ShSZSW\ aSWnZdp +\WnE Z\ q ZSO 7=:

V\-/* Z1 4*+d/dE V*V db1j*WS Z*a +`*bnq S a1ab`mD  Z*Y ]`\q,SWS ab\WnV\ Wp+,SI `\S4\j1/j11 Z*dhSW\ Y1Zq b\YdE hb\ Yd/`\ g1ZSbn /df\,Z\1xD

]\W4ZS `*4`djSWS ,a1 a1W1ZSq Z* -\`Zmf aVW\O Z*f , \V`1abZ\abqf S\O/1O˝*Z1y`\D b\+m oee1VbS,O Z\ \V*4m,*bn ]\Y\kn , Y1abZ\abqfE ]\/,1`31ZZmf b*O VSY +1/ab,SqYE +`*bnq a\4/*WS ]\ab\qZZmy V\YSb1b ]\ \V*4*ZSp ]\Y\kS , h`14,mh*yZmf aSbd*gSqfD aWdh*1 ,\4ZSVZ\,1ZSq Z1]\a`1/ab,1ZZ\y d-`\4m \]\W4Zq Z*O +Wp/*b1WS LZ*4Z*h1ZZm1 +`*bnqE 3S,dkS1 , \]*aZ\y 4\O Z1M ]`1/d]`13/*pb \+ ob\Y V\YSb1bD d/* +mab`\ ]`SO 143*pb /\+`\,\Wngm Z* -`d4\,SV*f a Z*/]SanpB w,SO /1b1WS 1-\,mD dY*ZSb*`Z*q ]\Y\knxD  ZSf 1abn ,a1 Z1\+f\/SY\1E S V*3/my S4 ZSf d31 4*`*Z11 4Z*1bE hb\ 1Yd /1W*bnD a1f /\+`\,\Wng1,O,S/1b1W1y Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn ]\ a]1gS*WnZmY 3SW1b*YD Y1ab1 a +`*bnqYS S4 V\YSb1b\, ]\ a,q4qY a +\WnZSg*YS \ZS \V*4m,*pb ]\O Y\kn `*Z1ZmY +`*bnqY S a1ab`*YD ˙\+`\,\Wngm ]`SO ,\4qb ,\/dE ]`\/dVbmE Y1/SV*Y1ZbmE \/13/d S Y\pkS1 a`1/ab,*D hSabSbn /\Y* \b -`q4S P 4*/*h* Z1 S4 W1-VSfD b\+m \hSabSbn ,a1-\ \/SZ /\Y ]\aW1 Z1/*,Z\ a\j1/j1O -\ -`q41,\-\ \]\W4ZqE ]\b`1+\,*W\an :> /\+`\,\Wng1,D 4 b\-\ /\Y* +mW\ ,m,141Z\ h1bm`1 -`d4\,SV* -`q4SI

7=;

& ;

˚#)E  )˛%˚     w,\`p ,a1 Z\,\1x % % ˚˚ a ,1bVS a]1W\1E *`\Y*bZ\1 q+W\V\ S VW*/1b1 1-\ , V\`4SZdD \bq ,m `*+\b*1b1 d31 Z1aV\WnV\ h*a\,E ,m Z1 hd,ab,d1b1 \a\+\y dab*W\abSD q/\Y b`d/Sbaq ,*j* Y*Y*E ,1a1W\ \+k*qan a `\/ZmYS S /`d4nqYSE V\b\`m1 ]\Y\-*O pb a\+S`*bn d`\3*yD *Y* ,m-Wq/Sb b*V\y Y\W\/\y P V*V YZ\-\ W1b Z*4*/E V\-/* ,m +mWS 1k1 `1+1ZV\YD  b`d/\Y ,1`SbaqE hb\ V\-/*Ob\ \Z* +mW* ]\3SW\y S 3SW* , YS`1E V\b\`my d31 /*,Z\ ]`\j1WE hb\ ,m ,S/1WSE V*V \Z* Y1/O W1ZZ\ d-*a*W*E +\`qan a bq31W\y +\W14ZnpE hb\ ,m /1`3*O WS 11 4* `dVd Z* aY1`bZ\Y \/`1 S ]W*V*WS Z* 11 Y\-SW1D 1yh*a 31 \Z*E V*V S YZ\-S1 /`d-S1E 3S,* S ]\WZ* aSWI m 4Z*1YB b*V\1 ,`1Yq Z*abd]SbD m d,1`1Zm , ob\YE ]\O b\Yd hb\ \+1k*ZSq \-* ,a1-/* Sa]\WZqpbaqD ob\y h*abS Ym `*aaY\b`SYE V*V , +WS3*yj1Y +d/dk1Y Sa]\WZqbaq Z1O V\b\`m1 \+1k*ZSqE a,q4*ZZm1 a *`ab,\YE S V*V Sf Sa]\WO Z1ZS1 ]`S,1/1b V ,\yZ1 `Y*-1//\ZD m b*V31 ]\-\,\`SY \ ,\WZdpkSf \+1k*ZSqfE V\b\`m1 Sa]\WZqbaq ]\aW1 `Y*O -1//\Z*D *V 31 ]`1V`*aZ\ +d/1b d,S/1bn ,`1YqE V\-/* *`O ab,\ \-* +d/1b ]`*,Sbn ,a1y 41YW1y S a\b,\`Sb ,a1 Z\,\1I

65

*`ab,\ \-* dab`*Zq1b ,`*-\,

˚  %

\+mbSqE V\b\`m1 ]`S,1/db V ,\yZ1 `Y*-1//\Z

˛  b\-\E hb\ d/*W\an a/1W*bn *`ab,d \-*E ]`*O ,qk1Yd a`1/S a,\Sf ,`*-\,E dV`1]Wq1b ,1`d LaD 55>B6MD *j *`n a\+`*W *`YSp ]`\]\,1/ZSV\,E ]`\q,WqpkSf /df -\b\,Z\abSD Z \hSabSW a,\Sf ]\O aW1/\,*b1W1y , /df\,Z\Y S Z`*,ab,1ZZ\Y \bZ\j1O ZSSD  Z1aY\b`q Z* ,a1 ab*`*ZSq ,`*-\, *`ab,* ,Z1O abS `*aV\W , Z*jS `q/mE Z*j1 ,a1YS`Z\1 +`*bab,\ \ab*W\an 1/SZmYD 'bS S YZ\-S1 /`d-S1 `*aaY\b`1ZO Zm1 Z*YS a,1`j1ZSq *`ab,* \-* d+1/Sb1WnZ\ /\V*O 4m,*pbE hb\ a 5=58 -\/* Z*j *`n ]`*,Sb a`1/S ,`*O -\, *`ab,*D 6 +WS3*yj1Y +d/dk1Y *`ab,\ a\,1`jSb 1k1 +\W11 d/S,Sb1WnZm1 /1W*D Z\ ]`S/1bE hb\+m a\V`dO jSbn a,\Sf ,`*-\, S ]\W\3Sbn SY V\Z1g L*beD :B5>C ˙*ZD 6B88MD \ /\ ob\-\ ]`\S4\y/db /`d-S1 4Z*Y1Z*O b1WnZm1 a\+mbSqD *VS1H * ob\b ,\]`\a \b,1h*pb 5E 6D *M b\ /\V*4m,*1bE hb\ a 5=58 -\/* Z*j *`n ]`*,SbH +M b\ Ym \+ad/SY , ob\y -W*,1H 

 )˚ 

7==

Z1aV\WnV\ +S+W1yaVSf ]`\`\h1ab,D ˙*,*yb1 SaaW1/dO 1Y Z1V\b\`m1 S4 ZSf S d4Z*1YE hb\ Z*a 3/1b , aV\O `\Y ,`1Y1ZSD

*V*ZdZ1 ,Z14*]Z\-\ dZShb\31ZSq 7 `\,\4-W*j1ZS1 YS`*D ]1`,\Y S4 \3S/*1Ymf Z*YS a\+mbSy aV*4*W *]\ab\W *,1W , a,\1Y ]SanY1 e1aa*W\ZSVSyg*YD L`\hSb*yb1 5 1aa*W\ZSVSyO g*Y 9B6E 7DM Z1Y *,1W d]\YSZ*1b \ w/Z1 1-\,mxE V\b\`my Z*hZ1baq a Z*]*/1ZSq Z* *,SW\Z 1WSVSy L bVD 5;B9MD /Z*V\ Z1]\a`1/ab,1ZZ\ ]1`1/ Z*h*W\Y /Zq 1-\,m Z*`\/m ]`\,\4-W*aqbB wS` S +14\]*aO Z\abnIx \4Y\3Z\E \ZS a/1W*pb ob\ \/SZ `*4E * ,\4O Y\3Z\E Z1aV\WnV\D d/db WS dh*ab,\,*bn , ob\Y `1WSO -S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WSH \aV\WnVd \ZS q,Wqpbaq h*O abnp YS`*E \ZSE ,\4Y\3Z\E ,Y1ab1 a Z*`\/*YS +d/db -\,\`SbnB wS`Ix L1`D :B58C 67B5:E 5;C bVD 5;B5E 6MD `\,\4-W*j1ZS1 YS`* S +14\]*aZ\abS +d/1b \4Z*O h*bnE hb\ /1Zn 1-\,m ,\bO,\b Z*hZ1baqD `*-S \O 3n1-\ *`ab,* wZSV*V Z1 a]*adbaqxD 8 1Y ]\W14Z\ ]\ZSY*ZS1 ob\-\ ]`\`\h1ab,*H *O ,1W -\,\`SbB w mE +`*bnqE Z1 ,\ bnY1E hb\+m b\b /1Zn 7D *VSY +d/1b ]1`,\1 S4 \3S/*1Ymf Z*YS a\+mbSyH 8D 1Y ]\W14Z\ ]\ZSY*ZS1 ]`\`\h1ab,* *,W* \ ]`\,\4-W*O j1ZSS YS`* S +14\]*aZ\abSH 8>>



  I

4*abS- ,*aE V*V ,\`\,x L5 1aD 9B7E 8MD \bWShS1 \b +\WnjSZab,* Wp/1yE Ym ]\ZSY*1YE , V*V\Y Z*]`*,O W1ZSS `*4,S,*pbaq a\+mbSqD \ V*V SY1ZZ\ Sa]\WO ZSbaq ]`\`\h1ab,\ \ ]`\,\4-W*j1ZSS YS`* S +14\O ]*aZ\abSH *Y Zd3Z\ ]\/\3/*bn S ]\aY\b`1bnE V*V ob\ ]`\S4\y/1bD \ob\Yd /*,*yb1 w+\/`ab,\,*bn S a\O f`*Zqbn +/Sb1WnZ\abnx L5 1aD 9B:C \eD 7BD *V\y ]`S-\,\` \+lq,Sb Sada S V*V \b`1*-S`dpb Z* Z1O -\ ab\`\ZZSVS S ]`\bS,ZSVS *`ab,* \-*H 8>:



  I

/1b \4Z*h*bnE hb\ Sada ]`Sj1W \+lq,Sbn ]`S-\,\`D

\W11 ]\/`\+Z\ \+ ob\Y ]`S-\,\`1 Sada `*aaV*4*W , b\Y 31 ]`\`\h1ab,1 \ ]\aW1/ZSf /ZqfE , ]`Sbh1 \+ \,g*f S V\4W*fD L`\hSb*yb1 *be1q 69B75P77E 8:DM `1/*ZZm1 ab\`\ZZSVS *`ab,* \-* +d/db \+lO q,W1Zm w\,g*YSxD ZS ]\/ZSYdb -\W\,mE ]\ZSY*qE hb\ ]`S+WS3*1baq Sf S4+*,W1ZS1 LdVS 65B6C

bVD 5B;MD 55 \aW1 b\-\ V*V Sada \+lq,Sb ]`S-\,\` ,a1Y Z*`\/*YE Z\ /\ b\-\E V*V Z*hZ1baq ,\yZ* `Y*-1/O /\ZE ]`\S4\y/1b 1k1 Z1aV\WnV\ ,*3Zmf a\+mbSy L*beD 69B76MD m `*aaY\b`SY /,* S4 ZSfB Z*]*/1O ZS1 \-* S a+\` ]\Y*4*ZZmfD `S ob\Y Z*/\ ]\YO ZSbnE hb\ , W\,1 \-* Z1 -\,\`SbaqE V\-/* SY1ZZ\ obS a\+mbSq ]`\S4\y/dbD *31baq ,]\WZ1 ,1`\qbZmYE hb\ , b1h1ZS1 V*V\-\Ob\ ]1`S\/* \ZS +d/db ]`\Saf\O /Sbn \/Z\,`1Y1ZZ\D 56 *]*/1ZS1 Z* Z*`\/ \-*D \- S4 *-\-* Z*O ]*/1b Z* \ab*,jSfaq Z* 41YW1 ]\Y*4*ZZSV\, S Sf 55D  h1Y Zd3Z\ ]\YZSbnE `*aaY*b`S,*q -`q/dkS1 a\+mbSqH 56D *VSY \+`*4\Y *b*Z* Z*]*/1b Z* *`ab,\H 

 )˚ 

8>;

a]dbZSV\,E /`d-Sf \,1gD L`\hSb*yb1 141VSSWq 7=

a,\Sf S4+`*ZZmf \b h1bm`1f ,1b`\,E \b V`*q 41YWS /\ V`*q Z1+*x L*`D 57B6;C *beD 68B75MD *V\y a+\` SY1W , ,S/d SadaH Z -\,\`SW Z1 \ b\YE V*V \ab*b\V ]\Y*4*ZZmf f`SabS*Z +d/1b \V\Zh*b1WnZ\ \bY1h1Z ]1h*bnpEP ob\ ]`\S4\y/1b ]1`1/ Z*h*W\Y ,1WSV\-\ +1/ab,Sq L bVD ;B5P7MD Z ]\/`*4dY1,*W a\+mbS1E V\b\`\1 ]`\S4\y/1b ,\ ,`1Yq +d/dk1-\ ,1WSV\-\ +1/O ab,SqD *VSY \+`*4\YE \h1,S/Z\E , V*V\yOb\ Y\Y1Zb ]\aW1 Z*h*W* Z*]*/1ZSq *b*Zm Z* Z*`\/ \-* ]\Y*O 4*ZZSVSE V\b\`m1 1k1 +d/db 3Sbn Z* 41YW1E +d/db ,4qO bm Z* Z1+\D 5: *V a+\` \ab*,jSfaq ]\Y*4*ZZSV\, a,q4*Z a\ aW1/dpkSY a\+mbS1YE `Y*-1//\Z\YH d/q ]\ b\YdE , V*V\1 ,`1Yq ]`\Saf\/Sb ob\b a+\`E Y\3Z\ a/1W*bn ,m,\/E hb\ V Z*h*Wd ob\y \3n1y ,\yZm ,a1 ]\Y*4*ZO ZSVS d31 +d/db Z* Z1+1D *Y 588 >>> a\]`*,Sb1W1y `Sab* ]\Wdh*b ,W*abn ,Y1ab1 a Sada\Y dZShb\3Sbn w31W14ZmY 314W\Yx ,a1f ,`*-\, *`ab,* \-* L bVD 6B6:E 6;MD Y1ab1 a Y\-dk1ab,1ZZmYS *Z-1W*YS ,\aO V`1ajS1 ]\Y*4*ZZSVS ]\aW1/dpb 4* `Sab\YE \SO Z\YO*`1YE V\-/* \Z ,mabd]Sb ]`\bS, wYZ\-\hSaW1ZO Z\-\ ,\yaV*x ,`*-\,E \V`d3S,j1-\ a,\p /\+mhd P 5:D *V\1 dh*abS1 ,\aV`1ajS1 ]\Y*4*ZZSVS ]`SYdb , ,\yZ1 `Y*-1//\ZH 85>



  I

Z*`\/ 1-\,m L14D 7D *M *V a1-\/Zq Sa]\WZq1baq ]`\`\h1ab,\ S4 a*SS 55B:P=H +M b\ ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ , Z*`\/1 \-* 1abn YS`H   )˚ (

  ˛˚˚

865

1-\ ]dbqYSD \b ]\h1Yd ob\ ]`\`\h1ab,\ Sa]\WZq1bO aq a1-\/Zq , /df\,Z\Y `*pD \/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y *`ab,* ]\aW1/\,*b1WS `Sab* S4+*,Wqpbaq \b V*h1ab,E V\b\O `m1 /1W*WS Sf ]\f\3SYS Z* a,S`1]mf 4,1`1yE S dh*bO aq 3Sbn , YS`1 S -*`Y\ZSS a\ a,\SYS /df\,ZmYS +`*O bnqYS S a1ab`*YSD 5>

*]`SY1`E , ob\y VZS-1 Ym \+ad/SWS ,\]`\a f`SabS*ZaV\-\ Z1yb`*WSb1b*D m -\,\`SWS \ +S+O W1yaV\Y \aZ\,*ZSS Z*j1y ]\4SgSS S \ ]`1aW1/\,*O ZSqfE a V\b\`mYS Z*`\/ \-* ab*WVS,*1baq S4O4* b\O -\E hb\ a\f`*Zq1b Z1yb`*WSb1bD *4,1 Z1 d/S,Sb1WnZ\E hb\ , ob\Y 31ab\V\Y YS`1 1abn /\ab*b\hZ\ +\Wnj\y wZ*`\/xE a\ab\qkSy S4 Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 \bV*4m,*pbO aq dh*ab,\,*bn , V*V\Y +m b\ ZS +mW\ Z*aSWSS /*31 ]\/ d-`\4\y aY1`bSH 'b\ Z1\]`\,1`3SY\ /\V*4m,*1bE hb\ ]\//*ZZm1 1aaS*ZaV\-\ *`q /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ Z*O aW*3/*pbaq YS`\YE ]\/\+ZmY b\YdE V\b\`my \]SamO ,*W a*SqI Sada aV*4*WE hb\ 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y +dO /db d4Z*,*bn ]\ Wp+,S Y13/d ZSYS L\*ZD 57B78E 79MD a\+`*ZSqf `Sab\a h1`14 w,1`Z\-\ S +W*-\`*4dYZ\O -\ `*+*x b1`]1WS,\ dhSb ,a1f SabSZZmf f`SabS*Z +mbn YS`\Wp+S,mYSE Yq-VSYS S Wp+qkSYS L*beD 68B89P8;MD 866



  I

55

4\+SWS1D S` ab`*/*1b \b /df\,Z\-\ -\W\/*D S+WSS ]`1/aV*4m,*W\anB w*abd]*pb /ZSEP -\,\O `Sb W*/mV* \a]\/n 1-\,*EP V\-/* q ]\jWp Z* 41YO Wp -\W\/E Z1 b*V\y -\W\/E V\-/* Z1b fW1+*E S Z1 b*O Vdp 3*3/dE V\-/* Z1b ,\/mE Z\ V\-/* Z1 aWmjZm aW\,* 1-\,mx LYD D *V ,1`Zm1 ]\//*ZZm1 *`ab,* \+`1bdb a\,1`j1ZZ\1 4/\`\,n1H 86