A Study on the NFC-based Mobile Parking Management System

A Study on the NFC-based Mobile Parking Management System Min Su Kim, Dong Hwi Lee, Kui Nam J. Kim ABSTRACT As near field communication technologies d...
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A Study on the NFC-based Mobile Parking Management System Min Su Kim, Dong Hwi Lee, Kui Nam J. Kim ABSTRACT As near field communication technologies develop rapidly and the supply ratio of smart phones gets higher, the scope to utilize NFC(Near Field Communication) is gradually increasing. It tries to propose the service to inform you parking location and traffic line with the mobile parking management system which combines these NFC technologies with IPS(Indoor Positioning System) for parking congestion and convenience of smart buildings which is the combination of the IT technologies and the construction technologies.

Keywords NFC, Passive RFID, IPS, Mobile, Middleware _________________________ M.-S. Kim Dept. of Industry Security Kyonggi University , Chungjeongno 2-ga, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea

e-mail: [email protected] D.-H. Lee Dept. of Industry Security Kyonggi University , Chungjeongno 2-ga, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea

e-mail: [email protected] K.-N. J Kim Dept. of Convergence Security Kyonggi University, Iui-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, South Korea

e-mail: [email protected]

1. Introduction For the rapid development of near field communication technologies, the application scope tends to be expand gradually. The types include RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), ZigBee, Bluetooth, and NFC. As supply of smart phones recently increases, the application field which used the existing RFID is being replaced by NFC. NFC is the non-contact short range communication technology which operates by the short distance of about less than 10cm in frequency domain of 13.56Mhz RF. It was made to be used in mobiles by determining IOS/IEC 14443 non-contact card standard which is NFC standard [1][2]. The NFC technology supports various international standard technologies and the utilization scope gradually expands [3][4]. This NFC technology is providing the services for access control, electronic settlement, and ticketing is being utilized in them. This paper tries to propose the mobile parking management system to inform you of parking location and traffic line for continuously increasing vehicles and for convenience of smart buildings which are the combination of IT technologies and construction technologies..

U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. Copyright

2. Related Study This chapter tires to examine NFC which is short range communication technology and IPS which can grasp real time routes.

2.1 Near Field Communication Technologies NFC is the proximity distance within about less than 10cm of the communication range which provides the transmission speed of 106Kbps to 424Kbps in the communication frequency band of 13.56 Mhz [5]. The NFC technology is the Reader/Writer mode which can read and correct data like RFID. The NFC device can read and correct the data which are stored in the NFC transponder. Users can inquire additional information as the NFC device reads tags of the smart posters like Smart Posters. If they touch the NFC device in the tag whose URL address is stored, it reads the address and supports access to the web site of the address [6][7][8].

2.2 RFID System RFID is the one of advanced technologies that is already developed and used in various fields rapidly, and the one of core elements that advances the rapid progress of RFID system is the capability of exchanging data based on the contact of tag with RFID reader. RFID system can be largely divided into positive and passive forms, and the positive system is characterized by the fact that self-RF signal transmission is possible in the tag, and power supply is provided by batteries. In addition, it has its advantages in that long-distance (more than 3M) transmission and combination with sensors can be achieved, but the disadvantage is that it has restrictions on the costs and operating time due to the use of batteries. On the other hand, passive system can be implemented at low costs without using batteries since it reflects signals from readers and is operated by power supply from radio signals of readers, but it poses its disadvantage of limited long-term transmission [9][10][11][12][13].

2.3 Real-Time Location Tracing System – IPS (Fig. 1) shows the definition of service structure for real-time location tracking, which is composed of a console program to control system operation, a monitor program that displays the movement of moving objects on the screen in real-time and IPS middle ware to find mobility between security zones through data refining and computing process after collecting tag data of moving objects from passive reader installed in the security zones[14].

(Fig. 1) Real-Time Location Tracing System

3. Proposed Method The RFID Tags are installed in the entrance of parking, the RFID antennas are done in the whole area of the parking lot, and they get to chase traffic line of moving objects.

3.1 Parking Management System (Fig. 2) shows the system which informs you of the space that you can park your cars in web screens if you put NFC of your smart phones on the URL Tag when you enter parking lots. At this moment, the routes of vehicles are shown in the screens through the IPS antennas.

(Fig. 2) Parking Management System

3.2 The Operation Principle of Parking Management System (Fig. 3) shows the operation principle. The parking space data collected from parking sensors and the event data generated in the IPS Antennas through NFC are delivered to the IPS·Web server through middleware. The users get to check them through their cellphones.

(Fig. 3) The Operation Principle of Parking Management System

4. Parking Management System Test Results The test was carried out in the most congested time by dividing the parking lot of K in Gyeonggi-do into the general area and the test area to apply the parking management system to parking lots. The result which examined congestion by area has found as follow: For the average of the operating vehicles for parking when compared to the parking spaces, the test area is less congested than the general area as shown in . The general area has found that congestion is high as time to find parking spaces and several vehicles are overlapped. This reflects the mentality of the drivers who try to park their cars on the floor which is closer to elevators and the ground. On the contrary, the test area has found that time and congestion were lower because they grasp parking spaces and move their cars according to traffic line.

Congestion Variables

Average

Minimum

Maximum

21.2

Standard Deviation 31.75

Test Area

8

13

General Area

78.5

53.47

18

26

5. Conclusion As supply of smart phones and the various service fields expand, NFC which is the smart card technologies utilized in cellphones was developed. It proposed the parking management system which prevents parking congestion and increases convenience by applying this NFC technology to the smart buildings which is the combination of the IT technologies and the construction technologies. For this, the combination of the NFC technology and the IPS system gets to provide the services to inform you of parking spaces and traffic line. The test was carried out in the most congested time by dividing the parking lot of K in Gyeonggi-do into the general area and the test area to apply the parking management system to parking lots. The execution result of the average of the operating vehicles for parking when compared to the parking spaces has found that the test area is less congested than the general area. The general area has found that congestion is high as time to find parking spaces and several vehicles are overlapped. This reflects the mentality of the drivers who try to park their cars on the floor which is closer to elevators and the ground. On the contrary, the test area has found that time and congestion were lower because they grasp parking spaces and move their cars according to traffic line.

6. References 1. ISO/IEC, “ISO/IEC 18092, Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Near Field Communication – Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1)”, 2004. 2. Kim Hyung Joon, Kwon Tae Kyeong, “NFC Technology Trends and Security Issues”, Korea Institute of Communication Sciences, Vol.29, No.8, pp.57-64, 2012.

3. ISO/IEC, “ISO/IEC 21481, Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Near Field Communication – Interface and Protocol-2(NFCIP-2)”, 2005. 4. Jae Sik Lee, Hyung Joo Kim, Han Na You, Tae Sung Park, Moon Seog Jun, “Analysis on Vulnerability and Establishing Countermeasure methodologies for Privacy Protection in NFC Environments”, Korea Institute of Information Security”, Vol.22, No.2, pp.357-365, 2012. 5. Min Gu Lee, Dong Wan Kim, Jin Soo Sohn, “Active Authentication Method using NFC”, Korea Institute of Communication Sciences, Vol.37, No.2, pp.140-156, 2012. 6. G. Madlmayr, J. Langer, “Managing an NFC Ecosystem”, IEEE Computer Society, 7th International Conference on Mobile Business, 2008. 7. G. Madlmayr, J. Langer, C. Kantner, J. Scharinger, “NFC Devices: Security and Privacy”, IEEE Computer Society, 3th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 2008. 8. Sun Hee Lim, Jae Woo Jeon, Im Jin Jung, Ok Yeon Yi, “Study on NFC Security Analysis and UICC Alternative Effect”, Korea Institute of Communication Sciences, Vol.36, No.1, pp.29-36, 2011. 9. Bo Mi Kim, Min Jin Shim, Jong Eun Lee, Sang Ho Choi, “Ubiquitous Sensor Network Location Detection Technologies and Trends”, NIPA, Vol.1291, p.28, 2007. 10. Tae Seung Song, Tae Yeon Kim, Joon Lyou, “Conformance Evaluation Method by Successively Appling Self-Running Test Mode in Active RFID Tag”, The Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea, Vol.21. No.11A, p.1160, 2006. 11. Seung Hak Rhee, Jong Hun Chun, Jong An Park, “Perfomance Improvement in Passive Tag Based RFID Reader”. The Korea Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, Vol.45, No.6, p.807, 2008. 12. Peter H. Cole, Fundamentals in Radio Frequency identification, 2003. 13. Min Su Kim, Dong Hwi Lee, Kui Nam J. Kim, “A Study on the Real-Time Location Tracking Systems Using Passive RFID”, Proceedings of the International Conference on IT Convergence and Security 2012.